INDEX

1 CHAPTER 1 – ECOLOGY
2 CHAPTER 2 - FUNCTIONS OF AN ECOSYSTEM
3 CHAPTER 3 - TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEM
4 CHAPTER 4 - AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM
5 CHAPTER 5 - ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
6 CHAPTER 6 - RENEWABLE ENERGY

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 CHAPTER 1 – ECOLOGY
Q.1 Consider the following statements with Which of the following statement(s) is/are
respect to ecology of any area incorrect?
1. Biosphere is structural and functional (A) 1 only
unit of an ecosystem. (B) 2 only
2. If one part of the ecosystem is (C) 2 and 3
damaged or disappears, it has a (D) 1, 2 and 3
direct impact on other species.
Which of the following statement(s) is/are Q.4 Match the following fauna with their
incorrect? biomes-
(A) 1 only 1. Ptarmigan [A] Taiga
(B) 2 only 2. Elks [B] Savannah
(C) Both 1 and 2 3. Zebras [C] Tundra
(D) None Choose the correct answer -
(A) 1-B 2-C 3-A
Q.2 Consider the following statements about (B) 1-C 2-A 3-B
Osmotrophy (C) 1-B 2-A 3-C
1. They use Osmosis to dissolve their (D) 1-C 2-B 3-A
organic compounds.
2. Large organism are better Q.5 Consider the following statements about
osmotrophs. biosphere-
3. Fungi are the biggest osmotrophic 1. The energy required for the life
specialist since they are major within the biosphere comes from the
degraders in all ecosystems plants.
Which of the following statement(s) is/are 2. Tropical rainforest covers more than
correct? 50% of all plants and animals on the
(A) 1 only earth.
(B) 1 and 3 3. Air, water and soil constantly
(C) 2 and 3 interact to form new chemicals and
(D) 1, 2 and 3 decompose the old ones.
Which of the following statement(s) is/are
Q.3 Consider the following statement with incorrect?
respect to Ecotone (A) 2 only
1. It surrounds an ecosystem and acts (B) 1 and 3
like a buffer zone for its protection. (C) 2 and 3
2. It contains some entirely different (D) 1, 2 and 3
organisms from the adjoining
ecosystem.
3. It may have population density of
some species greater than the
adjoining ecosystem.

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Q.6 Consider the following statements 4. Presence of food is the largest factor
1. Virus are only microorganisms who which influence the survival of the
are dependent on the other organism organisms.
and environment for food and Which of the following statement(s) is/are
energy, correct?
2. Geologic substratum is one of the (A) Only 1
biotic components that influence the (B) 2, 3 and 4
organism. (C) 1 and 4
Which of the following statement(s) is/are (D) All the above
correct?
(A) Only 1
(B) Only 2 Q.9 Consider the following statements about
(C) Both 1 and 2 ecosystem services.
(D) Neither 1 nor 2 1. Millennium ecosystem assessment
(MEA), 2005, deals with various
Q.7 Consider the following statements about ecosystem services to humans.
structure of community. 2. Pharmaceuticals and industrial
1. In a community the number of products come under supporting
species and size of their population services of ecosystem.
does not vary with respect to habitat. 3. Nutrient dispersal and cycling come
2. Topography mainly determines the under Regulating services.
characteristic of the community as 4. Waste decomposition and
well as the pattern of organisation of detoxification come under
the members in the community. provisioning services.
Which of the following statement(s) is/are Which of the following statement(s) is/are
incorrect? incorrect?
(A) Only 1 (A) Only 1
(B) Only 2 (B) 2, 3 and 4
(C) Both 1 and 2 (C) 1 and 4
(D) Neither 1 nor 2 (D) All of the above

Q.8 Consider the following statements with

respect to ecosystem. Q.10 Which of the following is the correct
1. Single tree can be considered as sequence of Ecological Organization from
ecosystem. lower to higher order-
2. Biotic factors are the most important (A) Ecosystem- population- community-
determinants of where and how well biosphere- biome
an organism exists in its (B) Population- ecosystem- community-
environment. biosphere- biome
3. Temperature determines the (C) Population- community- ecosystem-
distribution of organisms in the biome- biosphere
environment. (D) Ecosystem- community- population-
biome- biosphere

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Q.11 Consider the following statements Choose the incorrect statements using the
about niches in an ecosystem- codes below
1. A Niche is a community of plants (A) 1 only
and animals that have common (B) 3 only
characteristics for the environment (C) 1 and 2
they exist in (D) None of these
2. Similar species may have similar
niches. Q.13 Which of the following constitute a
Which of the following statement(s) is/are Lotic ecosystem:
correct? 1. Rivulets
(A) 1 only 2. Brooks
(B) 2 only 3. Lakes
(C) 1 and 2 4. Pools
(D) None of these 5. Creeks
Select the correct answer using the codes
Q.12 Consider the following statements- below-
1. A more diverse ecosystem will (A) 1, 3 and 4
always be more stable. (B) 1, 2 and 5
2. More number of ecotones will lead (C) 3 and 4
to a greater number of transition (D) 1, 2, 3 and 4
zones.
3. Less evenness among species leads
to greater diversity in the ecosystem.

CHAPTER 2 - FUNCTIONS OF AN ECOSYSTEM

Q.14 Consider the following statements 1. Pyramid of numbers can be both
about hibernation upright and inverted.
1. True hibernation involves a drastic 2. Pyramid of energy is always upright
drop in body temperature. and flow of energy is from top to
2. True hibernation is witnessed in bottom
ground squirrels while bears don't 3. Biomass in pyramid of biomass can
be represented in dry weight or the
undergo true hibernation.
mass of living organisms present at
3. Asiatic bears don't undergo
each tropic level
hibernation at all. Which of the following statement(s) is/are
Which of the following statement(s) is/are incorrect?
correct? (A) 1 and 3 only
(A) 1 only (B) 2 and 3 only
(B) 2 and 3 (C) 2 only
(C) 1, 2 and 3 (D) None of these
(D) None of these
Q.15 Consider the following statements
about ecological pyramids

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Q.16 Consider the following statements Q.18 consider the following statements
1. Bioamplification is an increase in about nutrient cycling
concentration of a pollutant from the 1. A Perfect nutrient cycle is one in
environment to the first Organism in which nutrients are replaced as fast
a food chain. as they are utilized. So, Carbon cycle
2. Bioaccumulation is an increase in is perfect.
concentration of a pollutant from one 2. In Imperfect cycle, some nutrients
link in a food chain to another. are lost from the cycle and get
3. Bioconcentration is the intake and locked into sediments. Sulphur
retention of a substance in an cycles are imperfect.
organism entirely by respiration from Which the following statement(s) is/are
water in aquatic ecosystems or from correct?
air in terrestrial ones. (A) 1 only
Which of the following statement(s) is/are (B) 2 only
correct? (C) 1 and 2
(A) 1 and 2only ‘ (D) None of these
(B) 2 and 3 only
(C) 1 and 3 only Q.19 Consider the following species and the
(D) 3 only indication they show in an ecosystem
1. Stoneflies [A] Acidic soil
Q.17 Consider the following statements 2. Mollusca [B] Water pollution
about biotic interaction 3. Mosses [C] High oxygen water
1. In Commensalism, one species is Select the correct match using the codes
harmed and other is unaffected. given below-
2. In Ammensalism, one species benefit (A) 1-A 2-B 3-C
and other is unaffected. (B) 1-C 2-A 3-B
3. In Predation, both species are (C) 1-B 2-A 3-C
harmed. (D) 1-A 2-C 3-B
Which of the following statement(s) is/are
incorrect? Q.20 consider the following statements
(A) 1 and 2 regarding nitrogen-
(B) 2 and 3 1. Nitrogen constitutes nearly 40% by
(C) 1, 2 and 3 weight of all the proteins in living
(D) None of these tissue.
2. Nitrogen has become a pollutant
because the amount of Nitrogen
fixed by man through industrial
process has far exceeded the amount
fixed by the Natural Cycle.
3. Thunderstorms can convert
atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia
which is then used by plants.

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Which of the following statements are (A) 2 only
correct? (B) 1 and 3
(A) 1 only (C) 2 and 3
(B) 1 and 3 (D) 1, 2 and 3
(C) 2 and 3
(D) 1, 2 and 3
Q.23 Consider the following statements in
Q.21 Consider the following statements context of ecological succession-
regarding nutrient cycling 1. The final stage of the succession is
1. Phosphorus plays a central role in called pioneer community.
aquatic ecosystem and determines 2. Successive stages lead to decrease in
water quality. productivity with time.
2. Phosphorus is considered to be the 3. Succession brought about by living
main cause of excessive growth of organism of a community itself is
rooted and free-floating microscopic called Allogenic Succession.
plants in lakes. Select the correct answer using the codes
Which of the following statement(s) is/are below-
correct? (A) 1 and 2
(A) 1 only (B) 3 only
(B) 2 only (C) 1 and 3
(C) 1 and 2 (D) None of these
(D) None of these
Q.24 Which of the following elements
Q.22 Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) circulate via means of sedimentary cycle
equipment's have been banned by the 1. Phosphorous
government. What are the harmful effects of 2. Carbon
PCB 3. Calcium
1. Their exposure can lead to increase 4. Magnesium
in mental problems, including 5. Sulphur
depression. Select the correct answer using the codes
2. They are highly volatile and can given below
react with elements at room (A) 1, 2 and 3
temperature. (B) 1, 3 and 4
3. They can cause hepatic disease. (C) 3, 4 and 5
(D) 1, 2, 4 and 5
Which of the following statement(s) is/are
correct?

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 CHAPTER 3 - TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEM
Q.25 Consider the following statements
about Boreal forests
1. They are found in cold regions with
long winters and short summers
2. The productivity and community
stability of boreal forests are lower
than other forest ecosystems.
3. There are no boreal forests in the
Southern Hemisphere.
Which of the following statement(s) is/are
incorrect?
(A) 1 only
(B) 3 only
(C) 2 and 3
(D) None of these
Q.26 Consider the following statements
about Temperate forests
1. Soils of temperate evergreen forests
are Podozoic and fairly deep.
2. Fire is an important hazardous factor
in Temperate evergreen forest.
3. The diversity of plants and animals
in temperate rain forests is much
lower as compared to tropical
rainforest.
Choose the correct statements using the code
below-
(A) 1 and 2
(B) 2 and 3
(C) 1 and 3
(D) 1, 2 and 3
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Q.27 Consider the following statements with
respect to Tropical Rainforest
1. It has extreme dense vegetation
which is horizontally stratified.
2. It has red latosol soils which is very
thick.
3. They can be best used for
agricultural practices.
Which of the following statement(s)is/are
incorrect?
(A) 1 only
(B) 2 only
(C) 1 and 3
(D) None of these
Q.28 Consider the following statements
about Terrestrial ecosystem.
1. In Terrestrial ecosystem, producers
are herbaceous and woody plants
along with various species of
microscopic algae.
2. These are characterised by lower
temperature fluctuations in both
diurnal and seasonal basis.
3. Terrestrial environments are divided
into subterranean portion and
atmospheric portion.
4. The most important limiting factors
of terrestrial ecosystem are moisture
and temperature.
Which of the following statement(s) is/are
correct?
(A) 1 and 2
(B) 1 ,2 and 3
(C) 3 and 4
(D) None of the above
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Q.29 Consider the following statements 3. Do not have much animal diversity.
about difference between lagoon and 4. Presence of numerous varieties of
estuary. epiphytes.
1. Estuaries are usually deeper than Which of the following statement(s) is/are
lagoons. correct?
2. Estuaries are formed due to falling in (A) 2and 3
sea levels whereas lagoons are (B) 1and 2
mostly formed due to rise in sea (C) 3 and 4
levels. (D) None of the above
3. In estuaries, the water flows fast and
strong while in lagoons the water is Q.32 Consider the following statements
shallower and flows sluggishly. about Tundra biome.
Which of the following statement(s) is/are 1. Mosses, lichens are largely found on
incorrect? bare rocks.
(A) Only 1 2. Animals found in this region include
(B) Only 2 Siberian tiger, wolverine and
(C) 2 and 3 amphibians like Hyla, Rana, etc.
(D) All the above 3. Coastal lowlands reindeer moss
found here which provides the only
Q.30 Match the following species with their pasturage for reindeers.
functions. 4. Plants like arctic willow are highly
1. Pneumatophores A. seeds resistant against extreme cold
germinate in the tree itself before conditions and need no special
failing to the ground modifications.
2. Halophytes B. Stand arching Which of the following statement(s) is/are
prop roots down into the water incorrect?
3. Viviparity C. Salt tolerant (A) 2 and 3
4. Rhizophora D. blind roots for (B) 1 and 4
respiration in the anaerobic soil (C) 3 and 4
conditions. (D) 1and 2
Select the correct options
(A) 1-A 2-D 3-C 4-B Q.33 Which of the following types of animal
(B) 1-C 2-A 3-B 4-D show these characteristics.
(C) 1-D 2-C 3-A 4-B Cold-blooded animals that raise their
(D) 1-B 2-D 3-C 4-A body temperature by lying in the sun
or lower it by crawling into the
shade. Their body temperature
changes to the temperature of its
Q.31 Consider the following statements
surroundings.
about steppe biome. Select the correct option
1. Trees with small broad leaves are (A) Amphibians
widely spaced. (B) Fish
2. Steppe formations in India occupy (C) Arthropoda
large areas of sandy and saline soil (D) Reptiles

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Q.34 Consider the following impacts of
grassing on grasslands.
1. Repeated grazing in grasslands can
lead to invasion by xerophytic plants
in that area.
2. Grazing can lead to soft erosion of
the soil.
3. In the long term, it can help in
restoration of biogeochemical cycles
of water and carbon.
Select the correct statement(s)
(A) Only 1
(B) Only 3
(C) 1 and 2
(D) All of the above
Q.35 Consider the following statements
about Indian Thar desert.
1. It has perennial underground water
system.
2. Majority of the plant have made
adaptations to protect their stomata.
3. Major source of water in these areas
is winter rainfall for northern area.
Select the correct statement(s)
(A) 1 and 2
(B) 2 and 3
(C) Only 3
(D) None of the above
Q.36 Which soil type contains maximum
humus?
(A) Laterite soil
(B) Loamy soil
(C) Black soil
(D) Alluvial soil
Q.37 Which of the following is the correct
order of increasing ecological productivity-
(A) Tropical rainforest- agriculture land-
estuaries- lakes
(B) Agriculture land- lakes- estuaries-
tropical rainforest
(C) Lakes- agriculture land- tropical
rainforest- estuaries
(D) Estuaries- tropical rainforest-
agriculture land- lakes
Q.38 Choose the correct statement about
Dry sub humid zone of grassland
(A) It covers the northern portion of
Gujarat, Rajasthan (excluding
Aravalis), western Uttar Pradesh,
Delhi and Punjab.
(B) It covers the whole of peninsular
India (except Nilgiri).
(C) It covers the Ganga alluvial plain in
Northern India.
(D) It covers Assam, Manipur, West
Bengal, Uttar Pradesh, Punjab,
Himachal Pradesh and Jammu and
Kashmir.

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 CHAPTER 4 - AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM
Q.39 Consider the following statements
about Aquatic ecosystems
1. Blue whalebelongs toNekton group
of animals.
2. Neuston are unattached organisms
which live at the air-water interface.
3. Periphytons are found living in the
bottom of the water mass.
Select the correct answer using the codes
given below
(A) 2 only
(B) 1 and 2
(C) 3 only
(D) None of these
Q.40 Consider the statements about
dissolved oxygen
1. The average concentration of
dissolved oxygen in fresh water is
more than 100 times lower than in an
equivalent volume of air.
2. Increasing the temperature of a
waterbody increases the rate at
which oxygen is depleted from
water.
Select the correct answer using the codes
given below
(A) 1 only
(B) 2 only
(C) 1 and 2
(D) None of these
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Q.41 Consider the following statement/s in
context of Eutrophication
1. It happens when the nutrients in the
lake reduces than its requirement
2. It is primarily caused by leaching of
phosphate and nitrate containing
fertilizers.
3. Eutrophication leads to increase in
biodiversity as the nutrient supply is
enough to maintain increased
biodiversity.
Which of the above given statement(s) is/are
correct?
(A) 1 and 2 only
(B) 2 only
(C) 3 only
(D) 1, 2 and 3
Q.42 consider the following statements
about Red tides
1. These are type of algal blooms that
are always red in colour.
2. They are usually formed between
low and high tide zones.
3. These blooms can form due to
nutrient enrichment in the water.
Which of the above given statement(s) is/are
correct?
(A) 1 only
(B) 3 only
(C) 2 and 3
(D) None of these
Page 9
Q.43 Consider the following statements
about the Montreux record sites in India-
1. Loktak lake was included in the list
due to infestation of water hyacinth.
2. Keoladeo National Park was
included due to invasive growth of
the grass Paspalum distichum.
3. Chillika lake was earlier in the list
but was removed in 2018 due to
rehabilitation efforts.
Which of the above given statements are
correct?
(A) 1 only
(B) 1 and 2
(C) 3 only
(D) 1, 2 and 3
Q.44 Which of the following is India’s
largest floating treatment wetland?
(A) Kuttanad-Vembanad wetland
ecosystem
(B) Neknampur lake
(C) Loktak lake
(D) Rewalsar lake
Q.45 Consider the following statements
about Estuaries
1. It is the least productive region of the
ocean due to continuous inflow of
fresh water from land.
2. They are most heavily populated
areas of the world, with more than
50% world’s population living along
estuaries.
3. Estuaries witness very little wave
action.
Which of the above given statements are
correct?
(A) 1 and 2
(B) 2 and 3
(C) 1 and 3
(D) 1, 2 and 3
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Q.46 Consider the following statements
about mangrove ecosystem
1. They are highly adapted to saline
trees and water-logged anaerobic
mud.
2. They have the ability to absorb fresh
water from saline water for its use.
3. They exhibit viviparity mode of
reproduction in which seeds
germinate in the tree itself.
Which of the above given statements is/are
incorrect?
(A) 2 only
(B) 3 only
(C) 1 and 2
(D) None of these
Q.47 Consider the following statements
about Coral reefs
1. There are more numbers of cold-
water coral reefs then total number
of tropical reefs.
2. Corals are slow growing colonies of
animals, while zooxanthellae are fast
growing plants.
3. In India, coral reefs are found in gulf
of Mannar and Lakshadweep islands
only.
Which of the above given statement(s) is/are
correct?
(A) 1 and 2
(B) 2 and 3
(C) 1 and 3
(D) 1, 2 and 3
Q.48 Which of the following can be termed
as causes of coral bleaching
1. Solar irradiance
2. Fresh water dilution
3. Xenobiotics
4. Epizootics
5. Alien species invasion
Page 10
Select the correct answer using the codes
given below
(A) 1, 2 and 4
(B) 3 and 5
(C) 1, 2, 3 and 4
(D) 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5
Q.49 Which of the following features about
winterkill is correct
(A) It is the condition where, locomotory
power of the planktons is limited so
that their distribution is controlled,
largely, by currents in the aquatic
ecosystems.
(B) It is the condition where, water
bodies contain high salt content, due
to this many organisms are likely to
die.
(C) It is the condition where, water body
is shallow, the oxygen gets depleted,
and the fish die.
(D) It is the condition where, In the
summer, birds migrate north to prey
on the numerous insects which
emerge when the snow thaws.
Q.50 Consider the following statements
about zones in aquatic ecosystems
1. In photic zones the depth depends on
the transparency of water.
2. Aphotic zone is a region of oxygen
consumption.
3. Photic zone is also known as the
profundal zone.
Select the incorrect statement(s) form the
codes below
(A) Only 3
(B) Only 2
(C) 1 and 3
(D) None of the above
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Q.51 Arrange the statements as per process
involved in degradation of aquatic
ecosystem.
1. Anoxia condition.
2. Algal bloom
3. Agricultural runoff, untreated
sewage
4. Restricts the sunlight penetration,
Diffusion of dissolved oxygen.
5. Nutrient accumulation and
enrichment
Select the correct sequences
(A) 2 – 4 – 5 – 1 – 3
(B) 5 – 3 – 4 – 2 – 1
(C) 3 – 5 - 1 – 4 – 2
(D) 3 – 5 – 2– 4 – 1
Q.52 Consider the following statements
about harmful algal bloom (HAB).
1. People can become sick when they
breathe aerosolized HAB toxins near
the beach.
2. They can be used to increase fishing
in areas with low productivity
3. HAB’s can result in death of marine
mammals and seabirds along with
alteration of marine habitats.
Select the correct statement(s) from the code
below
(A) Only 2
(B) 1 and 3
(C) 1 and 2
(D) None of the above
Q.53 Consider the following statements
about comparison of lake and wetlands
1. Littoral - Pelagial ratio is large in
lake while small in case of wetlands
2. Vertical mixing in case of lake is
regulated by wind while in case of
wetland regulated by heat.
Page 11
 3. For nutrient cycle, microbial loops
are less important in lake while in Q.55 Match the following organism with
case of wetland it is dormant. their zone of occurrence.
4. Lake are mostly eutrophic while 1. Crustaceans (A) Nekton
wetland is oligo trophic. 2. Sessile algae (B) Plankton
Which of the following statement(s) is/are 3. Fish (C) Benthos
incorrect? 4. Mussels (D) Neuston
(A) 1 and 2 5. Floating plants (E)
(B) 3 and 4 Periphyton
(C) 1, 2 and 4 Select the correct answer
(D) None of the above (A) 1-C 2- B 3- E 4-A 5- D
(B) 1-B 2- C 3- D 4-E 5-A
(C) 1-A 2-D 3-B 4-E 5-C
Q.54 Arrange the marine and coastal (D) 1-B 2-E 3-A 4-C 5-D
protection initiatives in the chronological
order. Q.56 Which of the following statement
1. Integrated coastal and marine area regarding AVIRAL DHARA is correct?
management (ICMAM). (A) It deals with managing sewage form
2. Coastal ocean monitoring and rural areas.
prediction system (COMAPS). (B) It ensures sustainable municipal
3. Society of integrated coastal sewage management.
management (SICOM). (C) It enforces river regulatory zones on
4. Land ocean interactions in the ganga banks.
coastal zone (LOICZ)
(D) It deals with managing industrial
Select the correct options
discharge.
(A) 3 – 1 – 4 – 2
(B) 2 – 4 – 1 – 3
(C) 4 – 3 – 1 – 2
(D) 1 – 4 – 3 – 2

CHAPTER 5 - ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION

Q.57 Which of the following are matched 4. Nitrogen oxide - can cause smog
correctly- and acid rain
1. Carbon monoxide - lowers the Select the correct answer using the codes
amount of oxygen that enters our given below-
blood (A) 1 and 2
2. Lead - lowers our (B) 2, 3 and 4
resistance to cold and pneumonia (C) 1 and 4
3. Ground Ozone - can cause (D) 1, 2, 3 and 4
nervous system damage

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Q.58 Consider the following statements Which of the above given statement(s)
1. The higher amount of waste in water is/are correct?
increases the Dissolved oxygen (A) 1 and 2
content of the water. (B) 2 and 3
2. Higher value of biological oxygen (C) 1 and 3
demand indicated low amount of (D) 1, 2 and 3
dissolved oxygen in water.
3. Biological oxygen demand is Q.61 Consider the following statements
considered to be a reliable method of regarding Chromium VI
measuring pollution load in the 1. It is used as decorative or hardener
water. for PVC plastics.
Which of the above given statement(s) is/are 2. Its exposure can cause damage to
correct? DNA of the human body.
(A) 1 and 2 3. When it spreads in water, it bio-
(B) 2 only accumulates in living organisms and
(C) 3 only concentrates through food chain.
(D) 1 and 3 Which of the above given statement(s)
is/are correct?
Q.59 Consider the following statements (A) 1 and 2
regarding contaminants in water- (B) 2 and 3
1. Mercury compounds in waste water (C) 1 and 3
are converted by bacterial action into (D) 1, 2 and 3
non-toxicmethyl mercury.
2. Lead in water causes itai-itai disease. Q.62 Which of the following correctly
3. Cadmium contaminated water is describes the term ‘Biosparging’?
carcinogenic for lungs and livers. (A) Supply of nutrients to contaminated
Which of the above given statement(s)is/are soil to stimulate the growth of
incorrect? indigenous bacteria
(A) 2 only (B) Injection of air under pressure below
(B) 1 and 2 the water table to increase
(C) 3 only groundwater oxygen concentrations
(D) None of these (C) Processing of contaminated solid
material through an engineered
Q.60 Consider the following statements containment system.
regarding Beryllium (D) Hybrid of landfarming and
1. They are used in the plastic housings composting.
of electronic equipments.
2. It is mixed with copper to form alloy
to strengthen conductors, while
maintaining electrical conductivity.
3. Its exposure may cause skin disease
which is characterized by poor
wound healing.

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Q.63 Which is the correct explanation of the
term ‘Phytodegradation’?
(A) The process by which plants
accumulate contaminants into the
roots
(B) Uptake of organic contaminants from
soil or water and their transformation
to more stable form
(C) Technique in which plants reduce the
mobility and migration of
contaminated soil.
(D) Water remediation technique that
involves the uptake of contaminants
by plant roots
Q.66 Consider the following statements
about the factors on which biological
damage by radioactive radiations depends
1. The type of ionizing radiations
2. The time of exposure
3. The intensity of radiation
4. Radiation emanating from outside or
inside of body
Which of the following statement(s) is/are
incorrect?
(A) 2 and 4
(B) 1 and 3
(C) 2 and 3
(D) None of the above

Q.64 Consider the following statements Q.67 Consider the following statements
about Bioremediation about acidification of lakes.
1. It causes complete destruction of 1. Concentration of dissolved organic
target pollutants carbon are high while transparency is
2. Its advantage is that it can be used low in case of anthropogenically
against both biodegradable and non- acidic lakes as compared to naturally
biodegradable compounds. acidic lakes.
3. It takes longer time than other 2. Anthropogenically acidic lake have
treatment processes. low PH but are well buffered as
Which of the above given statement(s) is/are compared to naturally acidic lake.
correct? 3. Anthropogenically acidified lake
(A) 1 and 2 have very clear water while naturally
(B) 2 and 3 acidified lake is brown to yellow
(C) 1 and 3 colour.
(D) 1, 2 and 3 Which of the following statement(s) is/are
correct?
Q.65 Match the following (A) Only 1
Principle Air pollutant (B) Only 2
Materials (C) Only 3
1. Ozone A. Paper (D) All of the above
2. Sulphur-oxide B. Glass
3. Fluoride containing gases C. Rubber
Select the correct answer using the codes
given below-
(A) 1-B 2-C 3-A
(B) 1-A 2-B 3-C
(C) 1-C 2-A 3-B
(D) 1-B 2-A 3-C

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Q.68 Match the following types of radiation (A) 1, 2 and 3
with their effect on the body. (B) 1, 3 and 4
1. Alpha A. can easily penetrate (C) 2, 3 and 4
the body and cause damage to cell (D) 1, 2, 3 and 4
structure.
2. Beta B. can travel very far and
pass through the body tissues except Q.71 When coal is burnt, fly ash is
bones. produced. It contains several toxic
3. Gamma C. cannot penetrate the pollutants. Which of the following are
skin but if their sources inside the components of Fly ash?
body, can cause damage to bones or 1. Arsenic
lungs. 2. Cadmium
4. X-ray D. can penetrate the skin 3. Plutonium
but cannot damage the tissues. 4. Mercury
Select the correct options 5. Thorium isotopes
(A) 1-B 2- D 3 - A 4 -C Select the correct answer using the codes
(B) 1-D 2 –B 3 –C 4 – A below-
(C) 1 -C 2 –D 3- A 4- B (A) 1 and 2
(D) 1- A 2 –C 3- D 4-B (B) 2, 3 and 5
(C) 1, 2, 4 and 5
Q.69 Photochemical smog is said to have (D) 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5
certain air pollutants. Which of the
following are part of photochemical smog- Q.72 Consider the following statements
1. Peroxyacyl nitrates about Nitrogen Oxide
2. Tropospheric ozone 1. Nitrogen oxides can get converted
3. Nitrogen dioxide into nitric acid and causes acid rain.
4. Sulphur oxide 2. It aids in creation of ground level
Select the correct answer using the codes below- ozone by reacting with organic
(A) 1 and 3 compounds.
(B) 2 and 4 3. It depletes the stratospheric ozone.
(C) 1, 2 and 3 Which of the given statements are correct?
(D) 1, 2, 3 and 4 (A) 1 and 2
(B) 2 and 3
Q.70 What can be the possible adverse (C) 1 and 3
impacts of forest fire on the environment? (D) 1, 2 and 3
1. Ozone layer depletion.
2. Degradation of water catchment Q.73Match the following inorganic
areas resulting in loss of water pollutants with their industrial source-
3. Increase in percentage of CO2 in the 1. Mercury A. Mining
atmosphere 2. Bleaching liquor B. Iron & Steel
4. Global warming 3. Ferric hydroxide C. Chemical plants
Which of the following statement(s) is/are 4. Fluorine D. Paper and pup
correct?

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Which of the following codes is/are Q.76 Consider the following statements
correctly matched- about E-waste rules
(A) 1-B 2-D 3-A 4-C 1. As per E-waste (Management)
(B) 1-A 2-C 3-D 4-B Amendment Rules, 2018 target from
(C) 1-B 2-C 3-A 4-D 2023 onwards shall be 70%, which
(D) 1-A 2-C 3-B 4-D will be 100% from 2025 of the
quantity of waste generation as
indicated in the Extended Producer
Q.74 Consider the following statements with Responsibility Plan.
reference to Smog 2. Deposit Refund Scheme, will make
1. Los Angles type of smog develop the electronic equipment initially
due to high concentration of sulfur expensive for consumer
oxides in the air. Which of the following statement(s) is/are
2. The problem of Rickets in human correct?
beings has a relation with smog (A) Only 1
3. Mountain topology around the cities (B) Only 2
decrease the smog in the city due to (C) Both 1 and 2
insurgence of fresh air (D) Neither 1 nor 2
Which of the following statement(s) is/are
correct? Q.77 Consider the following statements with
(A) 1 and 2 reference to UV effect on plastic pollution
(B) 2 only 1. The rate of UV-induced photo-
(C) 3 only oxidative degradation of plastics
(D) 2 and 3 floating or submerged at sea is very
much faster than that exposed to the
Q.75 Consider the following statements with same solar radiation on land.
respect to E-waste 2. In impure plastic the presence of
1. Brominated flame retardants are catalyst residues and other impurities
used as corrosion protector of will often act as receptors, causing
untreated and galvanized steel plates degradation.
can cause damage to DNA and is Which of the following statement(s) is/are
extremely toxic in the environment. correct?
2. Most of the e-waste in India is (A) Only 1
recycled by organised sector due to (B) Only 2
EPR norm (C) Both 1 and 2
Which of the following statement(s) is/are (D) Neither 1 nor 2
incorrect?
(A) Only 1
(B) Only 2
(C) Both 1 and 2
(D) Neither 1 nor 2

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Q.78 Consider the following statements
about microplastic
1. Plastics exposed to sea water tends to
concentrate toxic and non-toxic
organic compounds present in the
sea water at low concentrations
2. Toxic chemicals within and adsorbed
to microplastics have the potential to
biomagnify in food webs while they
have very less chance of
bioaccumulation
3. Microplastic is now found in the ice
of arctic region showing it can reach
any corner of the world posing many
dangers.
Which of the following statement(s) is/are
incorrect?
(A) 1 and 2
(B) 2 only
(C) 3 only
(D) 2 and 3
Q.79 Consider the following statements
1. Due to acid rain high concentrations
of dissolved aluminum released from
soils often enter streams and lakes
which damage fish gills and thus
impair respiration.
2. Very less amount of the acidity in
the atmosphere falls back to earth
through dry deposition due to
continuous convection.
3. Northern hemisphere has a more
intensity of acid rain due to
continuous growing industrial
activities
Which of the following statement(s) is/are
correct?
(A) Only1
(B) 2 and 3 only
(C) 1 and 3 only
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(D) 3 only
Q.80 Consider the following statements with
reference to Waste Minimization Circles
(WMC)
1. WMC is a government initiative
aimed at developing cleaner
production technologies and sharing
information on pollution prevention.
2. The project is assisted by ADB helps
Small and Medium Industrial
Clusters in waste minimization
3. The policy also recognizes only
government and citizens role in
environmental monitoring
Which of the following statement(s) is/are
correct?
(A) 1 and 3
(B) 2 and 3
(C) 1 only
(D) 1 and 2
Q.81 Consider the following statements with
respect to solid wastes
1. Carcasses of animals are categories
under solid waste
2. JawaharLal Nehru National Urban
Renewal Mission has a provision of
door to door collection of Solid
wastes
3. Pyrolysis is the process of burning
solid wastes in a large furnace at a
very high temperature
Which of the following statement(s) is/are
incorrect?
(A) 1 and 2
(B) 3 only
(C) 1 only
(D) None of the above
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 CHAPTER 6 - RENEWABLE ENERGY
Q.82 Which of the following are correctly
matched
1. Pyrolysis- Organic material is heated
in absence of air
2. Incineration- anaerobic organisms
decompose biodegradable matter
3. Bio methanation- waste is directly
burned in presence of excess air.
Select the correct answer using the codes
given below
(A) 1 only
(B) 3 only
(C) 1 and 2
(D) None of these
Q.83 Consider the following statements
about solar energy.
1. Solar thermal electricity is the direct
method to convert sunlight into
electricity.
2. Photovoltaic electricity is the indirect
method to produce solar energy.
3. Visvesvaraya award is for
recognizing the contribution of
scientists and engineers working in
the field of solar energy.
4. Photovoltaic cells are made up of at
least 3 semiconductor layers, where
negative charge is in the middle of
two positive charge
Which of the following statement(s) is/are
correct?
(A) Only 1 and 2
(B) 1, 3 and 4
(C) 2, 3 and 4
(D) None of the above
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Q.84 Consider the following statements
about international solar alliance (ISA).
1. It was launched on the side lines of
the UNFCCC CoP20 by India and
Germany.
2. According to ease of doing solar
report 2020, Brazil is the world's
largest market in solar energy.
3. Hydrogen initiative is part of ISA
where it aims to use the solar
electricity to produce hydrogen.
Which of the following statement(s) is/are
incorrect?
(A) 1 and 2
(B) 2 and 3
(C) 1 and 3
(D) None of the above
Q.85 Which of the following correctly
stands for IESS in IESS 2047?
(A) International Energy Solar Supply
(B) International Economically Solar
Standard
(C) India Energy Security Scenario
(D) India Economically Sustained Solar
Scenario
Q.86 Consider the following statements
about International Renewable Energy
Agency (IRENA)
1. It is an intergovernmental
organisation founded in Switzerland.
2. India is the 77th Founding Member
of IRENA out of total 164 members.
3. Its headquarters is in Abu Dhabi.
4. Along with renewable energy, it is
also responsible for electricity
production from ground water
Which of the following statement(s) is/are
correct?
(A) 1 and 4
(B) 3 and 4
(C) 1and 2
(D) 2and 3
Page 18
Q.87 Consider the following statements Which of the following statement(s) is/are
about Luminescent solar concentrators correct?
(LSC). (A) 1 and 2
1. It is a device which uses a thin sheet (B) 3 and 4
of material consist of (C) 1 and 3
polymethylmethacrylate doped with (D) All the above
luminescent species.
2. It mainly collects direct solar Q.89 Match the following hydro power
radiation but sometimes it can collect facilities with their functions.
diffused solar radiations in a small 1. Impoundment A. Can store
amount. Therefore, tracking of the electricity generated by other power
sun is not required. sources
3. Objective of ideal LSC is to achieve 2. Run off river B. Can channels
100% emissions of light from the a river through a penstock to produce
absorbing luminescent species. electricity.
4. The main challenge for development 3. Pumped storage C. Uses dam to
of LSC is to create a working store river water in reservoir.
structure that performs close to the Which of the following statement(s) is
practical maximum efficiency. correctly matched?
Which of the following statement(s) is/are (A) Only 1
incorrect? (B) Only 2
(A) 1 and 3 (C) Only 3
(B) 2and 4 (D) None of the above
(C) 1, 2 and 4
(D) None of the above Q.90 Which of the following energy sources
symbolises the concept of net carbon
Q.88 Consider the following statements neutral.
about Wind Energy. (A) Wave energy
1. Wind speed is the main variable that (B) Tidal energy
determine how much electricity a (C) Ocean energy
turbine can produce irrespective of (D) Biomass
the radius of blade and air density.
2. Offshore wind farms are less Q.91 Choose the correct plant from which
expensive because there the wind Biofuel is produced
tends to be the strongest than 1. Switchgrass
onshore. 2. Lentil
3. Vertical axis turbine is not optimal 3. Sunflower
for generating electricity despite 4. Canola
Which of the following statement(s) is/are
yielding a high torque.
correct?
4. Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, (A) 1 and 3
Kerala are minor players with (B) 2 and 4
installed capacity of less than (C) 1, 3 and 4
1000MW (D) All the above

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Q.92 Consider the following statements with Which of the following statement(s) is/are
reference to Geothermal Energy correct?
1. The main source of heat for geo- (A) Only 1
thermal energy is the gradual decay (B) Only 2
of certain radioactive isotopes (C) Both 1 and 2
2. The generated steam is harmful for (D) Neither 1 nor 2
humans as it contains radioactivity
Which of the following statement(s) is/are
correct?
(A) Only 1
(B) Only 2
(C) Both 1 and 2
(D) Neither 1 nor 2

Q.93 Consider the following statements

about fuel cell
1. A fuel cell consists of an electrolyte
sandwiched between two electrodes.
2. Fuel cells use in automobile
transport has a benefit of absolute-
zero pollution
3. Fuel cells have efficiency levels up
to 80% as compared to 35% of
conventional power plants.
Which of the following statement(s) is/are
correct?
(A) 1 only
(B) 2 and 3
(C) 1 and 3
(D) 1, 2 and 3

Q.94 Consider the following statements

Cogeneration
1. In a cogeneration plant, the low-
pressure exhaust steam coming out
of the turbine is not condensed but
used for heating purposes in factories
or houses and thus very high
efficiency levels
2. It reduces emissions of pollutants not
due to it’s emission free nature but
due to reduced fuel consumption

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