Music Recommendation System using
Machine Learning based on
Weather and Time
Priyanshi Agrawal
Department of Computer Engineering
& Applications, Institute of
Engineering & Technology
GLA University
Mathura, India
priyanshi.agrawal_cs.aiml20@
gla.ac.in
Neha Sharma
Department of Computer
Engineering & Applications, Institute
of Engineering & Technology
GLA University
Mathura, India
neha.sharma_cs.aiml20@gla.ac.
in
Abstract— In the digital era, personalized recommendation
systems have emerged as indispensable tools for navigating
the vast landscape of online content, particularly in the realm
of music streaming platforms. This research endeavors to
push the boundaries of traditional recommendation algorithms
by introducing a novel approach that integrates real-time
weather data and user preferences. The motivation behind this
innovation lies in the recognition of the profound impact that
environmental factors, such as weather conditions, exert on
individuals' mood, emotions, and consequently, their musical
preferences.At the heart of the proposed system is the
utilization of the OpenWeatherMap API, which facilitates the
retrieval of up-to-date weather information based on user-
specified locations. By harnessing this data, the system
dynamically adapts its music recommendations to align with
prevailing atmospheric conditions, thus enhancing the
contextual relevance and emotional resonance of the
suggested tracks. Moreover, the system incorporates user
feedback regarding weather preferences, enabling users to
tailor their music selections to match their preferred
atmospheric inclinations. This personalized approach not only
fosters a deeper connection between users and the music they
consume but also underscores the system's commitment to
catering to individualized tastes and preferences. In tandem
with weather-based recommendations, the system interfaces
with the Spotify API to access a vast repository of music
tracks spanning diverse genres and styles. Leveraging this
rich dataset, the system employs sophisticated
recommendation algorithms to curate playlists and suggest
Shivangi Agrawal
Department of Computer Engineering
& Applications, Institute of
Engineering & Technology
GLA University
Mathura, India
shivangi.agrawal_cs.aiml2
0@gla.ac.in
Cheena Garg
Department of Computer Engineering
& Applications, Institute of
Engineering & Technology
GLA University
Mathura, India
cheena.garg_cs.aiml20@gla.ac.in
songs that resonate with users' identified genre preferences.
By combining weather data with user-specific genre preferences,
the system ensures a harmonious blend of contextual relevance and
musical diversity, thereby enhancing user satisfaction and
engagement.This research encompasses a multifaceted approach,
including robust data collection mechanisms, preprocessing
techniques to extract relevant features from weather and music
data, recommendation algorithms that leverage weather conditions
and user preferences, and comprehensive evaluation metrics to
assess the system's performance and efficacy. Through a series of
rigorous experiments and analyses, the study demonstrates the
effectiveness of the proposed system in delivering personalized
music recommendations that resonate with users' emotional states
and atmospheric surroundings.
Ultimately, this research contributes to the ongoing evolution of
recommendation systems by embracing innovative dimensions of
user experience and environmental context. By bridging the gap
between technology, music, and atmospheric conditions, the
proposed system offers users a truly immersive and contextually
relevant listening experience, enriching the intersection of digital
technology and music consumption in the modern era.
Keywords : Music, Recommendation System ,Weather, Time.
 I.INTRODUCTION
In today's digital landscape, the proliferation of online music
streaming platforms has revolutionized the way we discover,
consume, and engage with music. Central to the success of
these platforms is the implementation of sophisticated
recommendation systems designed to provide users with
personalized music suggestions tailored to their individual
preferences and tastes. These recommendation systems
leverage a variety of techniques, ranging from collaborative
filtering to content-based filtering, to analyze user behavior
and generate relevant song recommendations. (Jha,
2023)However, while these approaches have proven effective
in many cases, they often fail to account for the broader
contextual factors that influence users' music preferences and
emotional states.
1.1 Music Recommendation System: A music
recommendation system is a software application or
algorithm that analyzes user data, such as listening history,
preferences, and behavior, to generate personalized music
suggestions. These systems aim to enhance user satisfaction
and engagement by providing relevant and diverse song
recommendations aligned with individual tastes and
preferences.
Types of Music Recommendation Systems:
Collaborative Filtering: is a common technique used in
recommendation systems, which analyzes user behavior and
preferences to identify patterns and similarities among users.
(Yading Song) By leveraging this collective wisdom,
collaborative filtering systems generate song suggestions
based on the preferences of similar users, thereby facilitating
the discovery of new music that aligns with users' tastes. This
approach is effective in capturing user preferences without
requiring explicit information about the content of songs.
Content-Based Filtering: focuses on analyzing the attributes
and features of songs to generate recommendations that match
users' preferences. (Stella Astafeva, 2023)These systems
utilize machine learning algorithms to extract relevant
features from songs, such as genre, tempo, and
instrumentation, and use this information to recommend
similar tracks. Content-based filtering is particularly useful
for providing personalized recommendations based on
specific musical characteristics and preferences.
Hybrid Recommendation Systems: combine elements of
collaborative filtering and content-based filtering to leverage
the strengths of both approaches. (Stella Astafeva, 2023)By
integrating user data and song attributes, hybrid systems are
able to provide more accurate and diverse recommendations
that cater to the unique preferences of individual users. This
approach is widely used in many music streaming platforms
to improve recommendation accuracy and user satisfaction.
Figure 1 Types of Recommendation System (Chang, 2021)
1.2 Integration of Weather Data in Recommendation:
While traditional recommendation systems have proven effective
in many cases, they often overlook the broader contextual factors
that influence users' music preferences and emotional states. One
such factor is weather conditions, which have been shown to
significantly impact individuals' mood, emotions, and
subsequently, their musical preferences. By integrating real-time
weather data into recommendation systems, we aim to enhance the
contextual relevance and emotional resonance of music
suggestions, thereby providing users with a more immersive and
personalized listening experience
1.3 Motivation for Weather-Based Recommendation Systems:
The primary objective of weather-based recommendation systems
is to enhance the contextual relevance and emotional resonance of
music suggestions by leveraging real-time weather data. By
dynamically adapting music recommendations to align with
prevailing weather conditions, these systems aim to create a
seamless integration between the auditory and environmental
realms, enriching the overall listening experience for users.
Additionally, weather-based recommendation systems seek to
empower users to express their subjective preferences and align
their music choices with their emotional states, fostering a deeper
sense of connection and engagement with the music they consume.
(Prof. S. L. Tambe, 2023)
As we delve into the intricate interplay between environmental
cues and musical preferences, the integration of weather data into
recommendation systems emerges as a promising avenue for
enhancing user experiences in digital music consumption. By
acknowledging the profound influence of weather conditions on
individuals' emotional states and musical inclinations, we embark
on a journey to redefine the boundaries of recommendation
algorithms, crafting a more holistic and immersive listening
journey for users worldwide. As we navigate through the
intricacies of this research endeavor, we invite readers to join us in
exploring the transformative potential of weather-based
recommendation systems in shaping the future of music discovery
and engagement.
The necessity of music recommendation systems stems from the
sheer volume and diversity of music available in today's digital
age. With millions of songs accessible across various streaming
platforms, users often face the daunting task of sifting through vast
catalogs to discover new music that aligns with their tastes and
preferences. Here are several key points illustrating the necessity
of music recommendation systems such as overwhelming choices,
personalized experiences ,discovery ,User Engagement, Enhanced
User Experience, Monetization.
Considering these challenges and opportunities, this paper aims to
provide a comprehensive review of advancements and challenges
in music recommendation systems. We explore state-of-the-art
recommendation algorithms, highlight common limitations, and
identify promising avenues for future research and
innovation. By addressing these challenges and leveraging
emerging technologies, we can envision a future where music
recommendation systems provide users with immersive and
enriching music experiences tailored to their preferences and
contexts.
Overall, music recommendation systems are essential for
helping users navigate the vast landscape of digital music.
II. RELATED WORK
Related work in the field of music recommendation systems
encompasses a broad range of research endeavors, spanning
from early collaborative filtering methods to more recent
advancements in deep learning and context-aware
recommendation strategies. Here, we discuss some of the key
contributions and seminal works in this domain:
1. Collaborative Filtering Approaches: Early research in
music recommendation systems focused on collaborative
filtering techniques, which leverage user-item interaction data
to identify patterns and similarities among users. The seminal
work of (Jha, 2023)introduced collaborative filtering methods
for recommendation systems, laying the foundation for
subsequent research in the field. Collaborative filtering
techniques, such as user-based and item-based
recommendation algorithms, have been extensively studied
and applied in music recommendation systems.
contextual information in music recommendation systems and its
impact on recommendation effectiveness.
6. Evaluation Methodologies: Evaluating the effectiveness of
music recommendation systems poses unique challenges due to the
subjective nature of music preferences and the lack of ground truth
labels for recommendations. Researchers have developed various
evaluation methodologies and metrics to assess recommendation
accuracy, diversity, novelty, and user satisfaction. evaluation
metrics are used for collaborative filtering-based recommendation
systems, including precision, recall, and mean average precision
(MAP)
III. PROPOSED METHODOLOGY
In this section, we introduce the concept of a music
recommendation system that leverages weather data and user
preferences to deliver personalized song suggestions. The
introduction highlights the significance of integrating
environmental factors, such as weather conditions, into
recommendation algorithms to enhance user experience and
engagement.
System Architecture
The system architecture is given in Figure 2. (Varsha Verma,
2021)

2. Content-Based Filtering Methods: Content-based filtering

approaches analyze the attributes and features of music items
to recommend items that are similar to those previously liked
or interacted with by the user. Researchers have explored
various feature representations for music content, including
audio features, textual metadata (e.g., artist, genre), and user-
generated content (e.g., user reviews, tags). Early work by
(Varsha Verma, 2021)demonstrated the effectiveness of
content-based recommendation methods in music
recommendation systems.

3. Hybrid Recommendation Techniques: Hybrid

recommendation systems combine collaborative and content-
based filtering approaches to leverage the strengths of both
methods and overcome their respective limitations. The work
of (Varsha Verma, 2021)introduced hybrid recommendation
techniques that integrate collaborative and content-based 1.Data Collection
information to improve recommendation accuracy and
coverage. Hybrid recommendation systems have since Collect past weather information for different places.
become prevalent in commercial music streaming platforms, Weather forecasts and current conditions can be retrieved using
such as Spotify and Pandora. APIs offered by services such as OpenWeatherMap and Spotipy.
Gather information about user preferences via surveys, direct user
4. Deep Learning-Based Recommendation Models: Recent input, or user interactions.
advancements in deep learning have enabled the development
of more sophisticated recommendation models that can 2.Data Preprocessing
effectively capture complex patterns and relationships in
music data. Deep learning techniques, such as neural It describes the utilization of the OpenWeatherMap API to retrieve
networks and convolutional neural networks (CNNs), have real-time weather data based on user-specified locations, such as
been applied to music recommendation tasks with promising cities. Additionally, it explains the extraction of relevant features
results. The work of van den Oord et al. (2013) introduced from the weather data, such as temperature and weather
deep learning-based models for collaborative filtering, paving description. Furthermore, it discusses the use of the Spotify API to
the way for further research in this area. obtain song recommendations based on identified genres. The
preprocessing step involves extracting essential information from
5. Context-Aware Recommendation Strategies: Context- the Spotify recommendations, including track names, artists, and
aware recommendation systems consider contextual factors, genres, to prepare the data for recommendation algorithms.
such as time of day, location, mood, and social context, to
deliver more personalized and relevant recommendations.
Context-aware recommendation strategies have been explored
in the context of music recommendation systems to enhance
recommendation accuracy and user satisfaction. The use of
Fig 3 Flow chart of the Proposed methodology (Chang,
2021).

3. Recommendation Algorithm:

The recommendation algorithm forms the core of the

proposed music recommendation system. This section
outlines the methodology for determining music genres based
on weather conditions and user preferences. It describes the
predefined mapping functions used to associate specific
genres with different weather conditions, such as "chill" for
rainy weather and "pop" for clear skies. Moreover, it explains
how user preferences regarding weather conditions further
refine the genre selection process. The algorithm leverages
cosine similarity to recommend songs that are similar to the
preferred genre, ensuring personalized recommendations
aligned with user preferences.

4. Evaluation:

Evaluating the effectiveness and performance of the

recommendation system is crucial to assess its practical utility
and user satisfaction. This section discusses the experimental
setup, including the use of real-world weather data and user
preferences for evaluation purposes. It describes the metrics
employed to measure the accuracy and quality of
recommendations, such as precision, recall, and user
satisfaction scores. Furthermore, it presents the results of the
experiments conducted to evaluate the recommendation
system's performance across different weather conditions and
user profiles.

5. Results and Analysis:

The results and analysis section presents the findings of the

experiments and provides insights into the performance of the
recommendation system. It discusses the accuracy of
recommendations, user satisfaction levels, and system
performance metrics derived from the evaluation process.
Additionally, it analyzes the effectiveness of the
recommendation system in providing personalized music
suggestions aligned with weather conditions and user
preferences. The section also addresses any limitations or
challenges encountered during the implementation and
evaluation stages.

IV. REFERENCES
1. Chang, E. (2021, Dec). Building a Song Recommendation System with Spotify.

2. Jha, A. (2023, February 18). Music Recommendation system in Machine Learning.

3. Prof. S. L. Tambe, A. J. (2023, November). Weather Tunes: A Weather Based Music Recommendation System.
International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology, 11(XI), 5.
doi:https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.56540

4. Stella Astafeva, I. P. (2023). Recommendation system for the selection of musical compositions. International
Journal of Open Information Technologies.

5. Varsha Verma, N. M. (2021). Music Recommendation System Using Machine Learning. International Journal
of Scientific Research in Computer Science, Engineering and Information Technology, IJSRCSEIT, 9.

6. Yading Song, S. D. (n.d.). A Survey of Music Recommendation Systems and Future Perspectives.