EMPOWERMENT

TECHNOLOGY
Quarter 1 – Module 1
ICT in the Context of Global Communication
 Source image: id.techinasia.com

Prepared
by:

Department of Education • Republic of the Philippines

Empowerment Technology for Senior High School

Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 1: ICT in the Context of Global Communication First
Edition, 2019

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SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

 EMPOWERMENT
TECHNOLOGY
Quarter 1 – Module 1
ICT in the Context of Global Communication

This instructional material is collaboratively developed and reviewed

by educators from public and private schools, colleges, and/or universities.
We encourage teachers and other education stakeholders to email
their feedback, comments, and recommendation to the Department of
Education at action@deped.gov.ph

We value your feedback and recommendations.

 i

Department of Education • Republic of the Philippines

 i
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page No.
Cover Page i
Table of Contents
ii

Introduction 1
Module Content 1

Learning Competencies 2

LESSON 1: What is Information and Communications Technology? 3

What I Need to Know 3

What I Know: Pre-Test 3

What’s In 5

What’s New: Activity 1.1 Internet and Computer Readiness Test 5

What Is It 6

ICT in the Philippines 6

The World Wide Web 7

Features of Web 2.0 8

What Is It: Activity 1.2: Where do I belong? 8

What’s New: Lesson 1.1: Online Platforms and Sites 9

What Can I Do: Activity 1.3: Which Website Is It? 10

What I Have Learned 11

Assessment 12

Answer Key and References 14

LESSON 2: Online Safety, Security and Netiquette 15

What I Need to Know 15

What I Know: Pre-Test 15

What’s In 17

What’s New: Activity 2.1: Shared or Not Shared? That is the Question 18

What Is It 19
 Online Safety, Security and Netiquette 19

Netiquette 21

What Can I Do: ACTIVITY 2.2: Can You Keep It Private? 22

What Is It
23
Kinds of Online Threats
What Can I Do: Activity 2.3: Show Me How You Hashtag 27

What I Have Learned 28

Assessment 28

Answer Key 30

References 31

LESSON 3: Effective Internet Research 32

What I Need To Know 32

What I Know: Pre-Test 31

What’s In: Activity 3.1: What’s In My Name 33

What’s New
34
Searching the Web
What Is It: Activity 3.2: Can You Find Me? 37

What’s New: Evaluating Sites 38

What Can I Do: Activity 3.3: Evaluating Websites: Checklist 40

What I Have Learned 43

Assessment 43

Answer Key and References 44

ii
Hello dear learners! Welcome to this module on Empowerment
Technology. This module will help you explore the different technologies
and online platforms and how they can be used effectively. It contains
activities that will let you create your own ICT contents and evaluate
existing online creation tools, platforms, and applications. The module is
self – instructional and allows you to learn in your own space, at your own
pace. So, relax and enjoy learning.

Module Content

First Quarter Module 1: ICT in the Context of Global

Communication will give you an introduction into ICT and the different
online platforms that may be used for its specific purpose. It will also
tackle on online safety, security, and online etiquette. You will be able to
get tips on how to maximize the power of the Internet to assist you in your
research work through discussing research tools and evaluating relevant
and reliable websites.
Module 2: Productivity Tools will help you on using advanced
knowledge in Word, PowerPoint, and Excel applications. This module will
also allow you to critic on good qualities of web design.

To get the most of this module, here are some reminders for you:

1. Take your time in reading the lessons.

2. Write down points for clarification and discuss this with your teacher.
3. Perform all activities and answer all worksheets.
4. Answer all tests in this module and check your answers to the answer
key found on page 14.
5. Answer all activities in a separate sheet of paper or in your notebook.
6. Have fun while learning with this module. It will totally be of great use
which ever strand you may belong because ICT is for everybody.
After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Compare and contrast the nuances of varied online platforms, sites,

and content to best achieve specific class objectives or address
situational challenges.

2. Evaluate existing online creation tools, platforms and applications in

developing ICT content for specific professional tracks.

3. Apply online safety, security, ethics, and etiquette standards and

practice in the use of ICTs as it would relate to their specific
professional tracks.

4. Use the Internet as a tool for credible research and information

gathering to best achieve specific class objectives or address
situational.
 LESSON 1: What is Information and Communications
Technology?

Information and Communications Technology (ICT) often

deals with the use of different technologies such as mobile phones,
telephones, computer, Internet, and other devices, as well as software
and applications to locate, save, send, and manipulate information.
Empowering ICT is important for its innovative uses impacts our daily
lives. It has affected our ways of communicating, made our lives more
convenient, and assisted countries towards their modernization plans.

Thus, there is a need to create a foundation of understanding in the world of

ICT.
What are my goals?

By the end of this lesson, you are expected to:

1. Identify varied online platforms and sites.
2. Compare and contrast the nuances of varied online platforms, sites,
and content to best achieve specific class objectives or address
situational challenges.
3.

Evaluate existing online creation tools, platforms and applications in

developing ICT content.
You must be excited to flip over the pages and begin with the lessons.
But first, please answer the pre-test to measure what topics have you known
so far.

Direction: Read each item carefully and choose the letter of the correct
answer.
Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper or in your notebook.

1. What type of web page is classified as flat or stationary?

A. Web 1.0 B. Web 2.0 C. Web 3.0 D. Web 4.0

2. What web 2.0 feature allows users to subscribe to a data plan that
charges for the amount of time spent on the internet?
A. Folksonomy B. Long Tail C. User Participation D.
Application
3. What is the name of the symbol that is used to classify and categorize
information?
A. Hashtag B. Question Mark C. Asterisk D. At
sign

4. What specific type of social media allows you to connect with other
people?
A. Microblogging C. Media Sharing
B. Social Networks D. Social News

5. Twitter is an example of what specific type of social media?

A. Microblogging C. Media Sharing
B. Social Networks D. Social News

6. YouTube and Instagram are examples of what specific type of social

media?
A. Blogs and Forums C. Media Sharing
B. Social Networks D. Bookmarking Sites

7. What specific type of social media allows its users to post their original
content on websites such as WordPress, Blogger, and Tumblr?
A. Blogs and Forums C. Media Sharing
B. Social Networks D. Bookmarking Sites

8. What type of social media allows you to manage links to various

websites?
A. Blogs and Forums C. Media Sharing
 B. Social Networks D. Bookmarking Sites

9. What do you call the global system of interconnected computer

networks that use servers to link billions of devices worldwide?
A. Websites B. Web browser C. Internet D. World Wide
Web

10. What type of web page is classified as a dynamic page?

A. Web 1.0 B. Internet C. Web
2.0 D. Web 3.0

Reflect on the following questions:

 How many times have you checked your phone this morning?
 How many updates have you posted on Facebook, Twitter, or
Instagram today?
 Do you use the internet/ mobile for an hour after you woke up this
morning?
 Have you followed a celebrity/ a crush on his/ her social media

I
nformation and Communications Technology (ICT) often deals with
the use of different technological inventions like mobile phones,
telephones, computer, Internet, and other devices, as well as software
and applications to locate, save, send, and manipulate information. ICT
has greatly contributed to how easy our lives has been today. Our
gadgets have become part of our necessity that we check on them after
we wake up. It made communication easier. We can use cellular phones
that are designed for communicating with other people even they are
miles away from us. It has also assisted us in our work since there are
Internet-based jobs. It has revolutionized our education and in the
modernization of our economy.

ACTIVITY 1.1: Internet and Computer Readiness Test

Directions: Read and reflect each item carefully. State whether you
agree or disagree to each of the statements by drawing a happy face ( )
if you agree and a sad face () if you disagree. There are no right or
wrong answers for this activity.
Write your answers on your notebook.
SITUATIONS
1. I have reliable access to a computer, mobile phone, tablet, or any gadget that
can act as substitute to computers.
2. I have access to a high-speed internet connection with video streaming
capabilities.
3. I have experience using email: I can create, send, forward, reply to, and save
email messages and attachments.
4.

I have experience in word processing: I can create, edit, save, and

navigate documents using software program such as Microsoft Word or
Pages for Mac.
5. I have experience in creating slide presentations: I can use programs such
as Microsoft PowerPoint or Keynote for Mac.
6. I know how to search the web using Internet browsers such as Firefox or
Google Chrome.
7. I have experience using online or mobile social media (ex. Facebook,
Twitter)

8. I have experience viewing videos online (YouTube)

9. I have experience filling out forms and taking quizzes online.

10. I have experiences using cloud-based programs such as Google Drive or
Google Docs.
11. I have experience searching online for academic resources (ex. Google
Scholar)
12. I have experience with video conferencing (ex. Skype).

Did you agree to all or most of the questions? If so, then you must have
experienced using the different online platforms and sites!
ICT in the Philippines
Philippines is dubbed as the “ICT Hub of Asia” because of huge
growth of ICT-related jobs, one of which is BPO, Business Process
Outsourcing, or call centers. In a data gathered by the Annual Survey of
Philippines Business and Industries in 2010, the ICT industry shares
19.3% of the total employment population.
When the internet was fully commercialized in 1995 , it has
tremendously impacted culture and commerce, including the rise of near
instant communication by email, instant messaging, telephony (Voice over
Internet Protocol or VoIP), two-way interactive video calls, and the World
Wide Web with its discussion forums, blogs, social networking, and online
shopping sites. Internet is the global system of interconnected computer
networks that uses the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to communicate
between networks and devices.
The World Wide Web
The World Wide Web is an information system on the Internet that allows
documents to be connected to other documents by hypertext links,
enabling the user to search for information by moving from one document
to another. It was invented by Tim-Berners Lee. The World Wide Web
browser software, such as Microsoft's Internet Explorer/Edge, Mozilla
Firefox, Opera, Apple's Safari, and Google Chrome, let users navigate
from one web page to another via the hyperlinks embedded in the
documents. These documents may also contain any combination of
computer data, including graphics, sounds, text, video, multimedia and
interactive content that runs while the user is interacting with the page.
The Web has enabled individuals and organizations to publish ideas and
information to a potentially large audience online at greatly reduced
expense and time delay.
Types of Web Pages

• Web 1.0 or The Web. It is the first stage of the World Wide Web
evolution. It is a flat or stationary page since it cannot be
manipulated by the user.
• Web 2.0 or The Social Web allows users to interact with the page,
the user may be able to comment or create a user account. Most
website that we visit today are Web 2.0.
 • Web 3.0 or Semantic Web. The semantic web provides a
framework that allows data to be shared and reuse to deliver web
content specifically targeting the user. Search Engine will learn
about you and your habits from each search you perform and will
gather details about you from your previous activities like likes and
social postings and present the answers as per your preferences.

Below is a comparison of Web 1.0, Web 2.0 and Web 3.0:

https://lcy0210.wordpress.com/2019/01/11/web-3-0-to-5-0-is-coming-soon/
CRITERIA WEB 1.0 WEB 2.0 WEB 3.0
Communication Broadcast Interactive Engaged/ Invested
Information Static/ Read-only Dynamic Portable & Personal
Focus Organization Community Individual
Content Ownership Sharing Immersion
Interaction Web Forms Web Application Smart Applications
Search Directories Tags/ Keywords Context/ Relevance
Metrics Page Views Cost per Click User Engagement
Advertising Banners Interactive Behavioral
Technologies HTML/ FTP Flash/ Java/ XML RDF/ RDFS/ OWL
Features of Web 2.0
FEATURES WEB 2.0
FOLKSONOMY allows users to collectively classify and find information using
freely chosen keywords (e.g. "tagging" by facebook). Tagging
uses the pound sign #, often referred to as hastag.
RICH USER dynamic content that is responsive to user input (e.g., a user
EXPERIENCE can "click" on an image to enlarge it or find out more
information)
USER the owner of website is not the only one who is able to put
PARTICIPATION content. Others are able to place a content on their own by
means of comments, reviews, and evaluation.
LONG TAIL services that are offered on demand rather than on a one-time
purchase. This is synonymous to subscribing to a data plan
that charges you for the amount of time you spent in the
Internet, or a data plan that charges you for the amount of
bandwidth you used.
SOFTWARE AS users will subscribe to a software only when needed rather
A SERVICE than purchasing them.
 ACTIVITY 1.2: Where do I belong?
DIRECTIONS: Using the Internet, look for the webpages of the pages
listed below. Evaluate whether they are Web 1.0, Web 2.0, or Web 3.0.
Write your answers in your activity notebook.

1. Amazon.co.uk 6. Siri’s Apple Voice Recognition

2. 7.

3. 8. Encyclopedia Britannica

4. 9. Trio Healthcare Group

LESSON 1.1: ONLINE PLATFORMS AND SITES

Because of the wide capacity of Web 2.0, it has helped in creating
dynamic online platform sites. Online platform is a specially developed
platform using Internet technology. Online platforms have revolutionized
access to any information. Online platforms currently include, but are not
limited to:
 Presentation or Visualization
Cloud Computing

File Management
Mapping
Social Media
Let us go through them one by one!

1. Presentation or Visualization Platform allows you to present and

share presentations, infographics and videos with other people. It is
used to communicate information clearly and efficiently.
2. Cloud Computing Platform is also called as “The cloud.” It is the
practice of using a network of remote servers hosted on the
internet. Instead of using your computer’s hard drive, you store and
access your data and programs over the Internet.
3. File Management Platform is used for the storing, naming, sorting,
and handling of computer files. Allows you to convert and manage
files without download in the software tool.
4. Mapping Platform is a transformation taking the points of one
space into the points of the same or another space. Uses GPS to
detect location and used for navigation.
5. Social Media Platform is a computer-mediated tools that allow
large group of people to create, share or exchange information,
interest and the information shared can be in the form of ideas,
pictures, videos or anything that you want to create and share to
virtual communities. It can be in the following platforms:

Social Networks. These sites allow you to connect with

other people with the same interests or background.
Bookmarking Sites. These are sites that allow you to store
and manage links to various websites and resources.
 Social News. These are sites that allow users to post their
own news items or links to other news sources.
Media Sharing. These are sites that allow you to upload
and share media content like images, music, and video.
Media sharing sites can be specific for video sharing,
photo sharing, slide sharing, social bookmarking, and
gaming.

Microblogging. These are sites that focus on short

updates from the user. Those subscribed to the user will
be able to receive these updates. Posts are brief that
range typically from 140 – 200 characters.

Blogs and Forums. These are websites that allow users to

post their content. Other users can comment on the said
topic.

WHAT CAN I DO
ACTIVITY 1.3: Which Website Is It?

DIRECTIONS: Listed below are some of the platforms. Complete the

table below by providing name of website and a short description using
the internet. Write your answers on your notebook.
PLATFORMS NAMES OF WEBSITES DESCRIPTION
Presentation or
Visualization
Cloud Computing

File Management

Mapping

Social Networks

Social News

Microblogging

Blogs and
Forums

eflect on the following questions and answer them briefly on

your activity notebook. Please refer to the rubrics on the next
page.
1. How dependent are we on technology?
________________________________________________________
______
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
______

2. How do the different online platforms help you as a student in your

chosen track?
________________________________________________________
______
 ________________________________________________________
______
________________________________________________________
______
____________________________________________________
__________
____________________________________________________
__________

Rubrics for grading:

Criteria Score
Completeness (5 points)
Does your response directly answer 5 4 3 2 1
each part of the question(s)?
Knowledge (10 points)
Does your response clearly show you
have read and understand the lesson
content by correctly defining key
terms, key persons and summarizing 10 - 9 8-7 6-5 4-3 2-1
concepts?
Have you made inferences based on
this knowledge to personal or
modernday applications?
Writing Skills (5 points)
Do you write clearly, in complete
sentences, with minimal errors in 5 4 3 2 1
grammar and spelling?

You are finally done with Lesson 1!

Directions: Read each item carefully and choose the letter of the correct
answer. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper or in your
notebook.

1. What type of web provides a framework that allows data to be shared

and reuse to deliver web content specifically targeting the user?
A. Web 1.0 B. Web 2.0 C. Web 3.0 D. Website

2. Which of the following is an example of sites under web 2.0?

A. Facebook B. YouTube C. Wikipedia D. All of
the above

3. What type of web page is classified as flat or stationary?

A. Web 1.0 B. Internet C. Web
2.0 D. Web 3.0

4. Twitter statuses are only composed of a few characters. What type of

social media site does Twitter belong?
A. Micro blogging C. Social Networks
B. Media Sharing D. Bookmarking Sites

For #’s 4-5, use the choices inside the box.

A. If only the FIRST statement is TRUE. C. If BOTH statements are TRUE.
B. If only the SECOND statement is TRUE. D. If BOTH statements are FALSE.

5. Social networks are sites that allow you to connect with other people
having the same interests. It allows you to share your own news and
other news from other sources.

6. The Philippines is considered as the “ICT Hub in Asia.” The ICT Industry
shares 19.3% of the total employment population in the Philippines
coming from the government agencies.

7. Marisa wants to publish her collections of original poems online. Which

online platform must she do this?
A. Social News B. Bookmarking Site C. YouTube D. Blogs

8. Watson is creating a cover video of his favorite song. Which online

platform must he publish this?
 A. Social News B. Bookmarking Site C. YouTube D. Blogs

9. Cathy has created a very good slideshow presentation on a certain topic,

and she wants to share it to other teachers around the world. Which
online platform must she publish this?
A. Presentation Platforms C. File Management Platforms
B. Cloud Computing Platforms D. Social Media Platforms

10. What is the name of the symbol that is used to classify and categorize
information? A. Hashtag B. Question Mark C. Asterisk D. At sign

ACTY 1.3: Which Website is

It? POST-TE
 1. De Lara, Maricel. (2016, Nov. 3). Empowerment Technology. Retrieved
from https://www.slideshare.net/maricelbaldomerodelara/lesson-
1empowerment-technology. Retrieved on May 19, 2020.

2. Educational Technology: Students Readiness and Self – Assessment.

Retrieved
from https://www.surveymonkey.com/r/ET_studentreadiness.
Retrieved on May 19, 2020.

3. Quiambao, A. (2019, Sep 8). Online platforms for ICT Content

Development. Retrieved
from https://www.slideshare.net/AngelitoQuiambao/onlineplatforms-for-ict-
content-development-169954837. Retrieved on May
2
0
,
WHAT I NEED TO KNOW
LESSON 2: Online Safety, Security and
Netiquette

The internet is the guiding technology of the

Information Technology Age just as the electrical
engine was of the Industrial Age. In these times, more
and more people are already engaged in the use of technology. These
people who are raised in a digital, media-saturated world are
called digital natives. No doubt, the Internet has been very useful to us
but with the rise of instant messaging, chat rooms, emails and social
networking sites, it can also bring trouble - from cyberbullying to more
serious Internet dangers, including exposure to sexual predators. Thus,
internet safety is always our primary concern.

By the end of this lesson, you are expected to:

1. Identify what constitutes appropriate and inappropriate online behavior.
2. Apply internet online safety, security ethics and etiquette standards and
practice in the use of ICTs.
3. Discern possible deceptive information and wrongly evaluated data.

I bet you are ready to know if you have practiced online safety, aren’t
you? But before that, take time to answer the pre-test to gauge how much
you know about the lesson.
Direction: Read each item carefully and choose the letter of the correct
answer. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper or on your
notebook.

1. What is Netiquette?
A. The proper use of manners and etiquette on the Internet.
B. Using a net to catch fish.
C. Being mean to other people on Facebook.
D. Using proper manners at the dinner table.

2. What is considered shouting over the Internet? A. Screaming at your

computer.
B. Writing in all CAPS.
C. Putting a lot of exclamation marks at the end of a sentence.
D. Not answering a friend request on Facebook.
3. It is OK to forward or post an email message that you received if
__________ A. the message is typed in all capitals.
B. the author of the message has given you permission to forward or
post it.
C. it does not contain any copyrighted material.
D. the author of the message hasn't marked it as confidential.

4. What is a flame in cyberspace?

A. A person who follows the rules of Netiquette.
B. An expert programmer.
C. An online chain letter.
D. A post or email message that expresses a strong opinion or
criticism.

5. Knowledge and understanding of netiquette is useful because

___________
A. it will help you create a positive impression on those you meet in
cyberspace.
B. it explains some of the technical limitations of online
communications.
C. it explains the conventions already being used by millions of
cybernauts.
D. All of the above.

6. What type of online threat happens when an attacker uses electronic

devices to do unwanted surveillance against its victim?
A. Cyberbullying B. Phishing C. Spamming D.
Cyberstalking

7. What type of online threat happens when the attacker impersonates

another individual or organization to gather personal or business
information?
A. Cyberstalking B. Spoofing C. Scamming D. Phar
ming

8. What type of information should you avoid giving when using the
internet?

A. Phone number B. Profile Picture C. Shirt

Size D. Religion

9. What is the golden rule of netiquette?

A. Remember the human. C. Use correct grammar.
 B. Put a smiley in every message. D. Respect people’s time.

10. You get an email telling you that you won a hundred thousand without
joining in a competition. You should ____________.
A. Claim the prize. C. Return the email with
response.

Read the headlines found below and try to reflect on the questions that
follow.
ABS-CBN News Topic Page on Identity-theft. Retrieved from https://news.abs-cbn.com/list/tag/identity-
theft.

Reflect on the following questions:

  What is common among the headlines above?


Are your social media accounts securedTurn to page 29 to

check your answer enough that you may not ! be a victim of
these things? 17
 What type of information do you share in your social media
accounts?
There's almost no limit to what you can do online. The Internet makes
it possible to access information quickly, communicate around the world, and
much more. Unfortunately, the Internet is also home to certain risks, such as
malware, spam, and phishing. If you want to stay safe online, you'll need to
understand these risks and learn how to avoid them.

ACTIVITY 2.1: Shared or Not Shared? That is the Question

DIRECTIONS: Read and reflect each item carefully. Copy the table below on
your notebook and check the space whether you have shared or not shared
these pieces of information in all your social media accounts.
TYPE OF INFORMATION SHARED NOT SHARED

First Name

Middle Name

Last Name

Current and Previous

School/s
 Your cellphone number

Complete name of mother

and father
Your parents’ cellphone
numbers
Name of Siblings

Your Address

Your Birthday

1. How many of these information have you SHARED?

________________________________________________________
______

2. How many of these information have you NOT SHARED?

________________________________________________________
______

3. Based from your answers above, do you think you are safe when using
the Internet? Why?
_____________________________________________________________
_
 ______________________________________________________
________
 Lesson 2.1: Online Safety, Security and Netiquette
Online safety refers to the practices and precautions that should be observed

when using the internet to ensure that the users as well as their computers
and personal information are safe from crimes associated with using the
internet. Below are personal information that must be kept confidential.

There are numerous delinquencies that can be committed on the

internet such as stalking, identity theft, privacy violations, and harassment.
To avoid these online crimes, follow the following online safety measures:

Never give any personal information out about yourself over the
internet.

Do not give any banking or sensitive information unless you are sure
that it is a reputable business having a secure service. To make sure
that you are in a secured network, the website address should begin
with “https://’ as opposed to “http://”. Never access your accounts by
following an email link, instead type your URL by yourself.

Info source: https://www.wikihow.com/Find-if-a-Website-Is-Legitimate

 Never open messages or attachments from someone you do not know.

Regularly review your privacy settings in your online accounts to make

sure you are not sharing important personal information.

When using a public computer terminal, be sure to delete your

browsing data before leaving.

Keep your software updated to avoid security holes.

Do not download or install software or anything on your computer or

cell phone that is unknown to you.

Netiquette is a combination of the words network and etiquette. It is a set

of rules for behaving properly online. Below are the 10 rules of netiquette:
 Flame war is a series of flame posts
or messages in a thread that are
considered derogatory in nature or are
completely off-topic. Often these flames
are posted for the sole purpose of
offending or upsetting other users. The
flame becomes a flame war when other
users respond to the thread with their
own flame message.
Image
from: https://twitter.com/Parkster00/status/1246347088625045
504

DIRECTIONS: Choose the most appropriate thing to do in the following

situation. Write the letter of the correct answer in your notebook.
1. Your family is going out on a vacation. What should you do? A. Post
pictures when you return home.
B. Post the dates you will be gone online.
C. Post updates of where you are currently checking in hotels or
places.
D. Tell no one. Vacations are for getting away.

2. Do you have the same passwords for all your accounts? A. Yes. That is
how I remember all my passwords.
B. I have different passwords for all different accounts.
C. I keep it simple. I don’t have any passwords.
D. I have two similar passwords that I alternately use for all my
accounts.
3. Choose which image below describes how you feel about sharing your
password with your boyfriend/ girlfriend?
Image source: https://www.nku.edu/~rkdrury/experiment/netiquette_quiz.htm.

A
C

B
D

4. Your parents bought you your first cellphone. How will you share your
cellphone number?
A
Do not share your cellphone number to
anyone.
B
Post your cellphone number in your social
media account.
C
Share your cellphone number only in person.
D
Post your cellphone number in your group
chat.
 5. Your social media friends list should only be composed of
______________.
A
Your favorite brands. C. Anyone
who sends you a friend request

There is no doubt that you need to be vigilant online. As the World

Wide Web evolved over the years, many internet predators have been playing
on vulnerabilities to attack computers and retrieve sensitive data from
individuals. Half the time, we aren’t even aware it is happening until it is too
late.
Online threat is deemed any malicious act that attempts to gain
access to a computer network without authorization or permission from the
owners. These are usually done by computer hackers who uses the World
Wide Web to facilitate cybercrime. Web threats use multiple types of malware
and fraud, all of which utilize HTTP or HTTPS protocols, but may also employ
other protocols and components, such as links in email or Instant Messaging
apps, or any malware attachments on servers that access the Web. They
benefit cybercriminals by stealing information for subsequent sale and help
absorb infected PCs into botnets. Web threats pose a broad range of risks,
including financial damages, identity theft, loss of confidential
information/data, theft of network resources, damaged brand/personal
reputation, and erosion of consumer confidence in e-commerce and online
banking.
The following are the top kinds of online threats that you should be
aware of:
 Phishing happens when an email is sent from an internet criminal
disguised as an email from a legitimate, trustworthy source. The
 message is meant to lure you into revealing sensitive or confidential
information.

Image source: https://searchsecurity.techtarget.com/definition/phishing

 Pharming happens when a hacker (or “pharmer”) directs an internet

user to a fake website instead of a legitimate one. These “spoofed”
sites can capture a victim’s confidential information, including
usernames, passwords, and credit card data, or install malware on
their computer. Pharmers usually focus on websites in the financial
sector, including banks, online payment platforms, or other e-
commerce destinations.
 Image source: https://ed451phishnpharm.weebly.com/how-to-spot-a-fake-website-pharming.html

 Internet Scam generally refers to someone using internet services or

software to defraud or take advantage of victims, typically for financial
gain. Cybercriminals may contact potential victims through personal or
work email accounts, social networking sites, dating apps, or other
methods in attempts to obtain financial or other valuable personal
information. Online scams may come in various forms such as lottery
scam, charity fraud scams, job offer scams, and online dating scams to
name a few.

 Internet robots are also known as spiders, crawlers, and web bots. It is
a software application that is programmed to do certain tasks. Bots are
automated, which means they run according to their instructions
without a human user. Some bots are useful, such as search engine
bots that index content for search or customer service bots that help
users. Other bots are "bad" and are programmed to break into user
accounts, scan the web for contact information for sending spam, or
perform other malicious activities. If it's connected to the Internet, a bot
will have an associated IP address.

 Malware or malicious software, is any program or file that is harmful to

a computer user. Here are the most common offenders in the rogues’
gallery of malware:
Adware (advertising supported software) is unwanted software
designed to throw advertisements up on your screen. Example,
pop-up ads and banner ads.
 Spyware is malware that secretly observes the computer user’s
activities without permission and reports it to the software’s
author.
Example is a keylogger.
Virus and Worms are malwares that attach to another program
and, when executed—unintentionally by the user—replicates
itself by modifying other computer programs and infecting them
with its own bits of code.
Trojan, or Trojan horse, is one of the most dangerous
malware types. It usually represents itself as something useful in
order to trick you.
Once it’s on your system, the attackers behind the Trojan gain
unauthorized access to the affected computer. From there,
Trojans can be used to steal financial information or install
threats like viruses and ransomware.
Ransomware is a form of malware that locks you out of your
device and/or encrypts your files, then forces you to pay a
ransom to get them back.
 Spams are unsolicited emails, instant messages coming from
recipients that are not granted verifiable permission for the message to
be sent. Spam messages can be damaging if you open or respond to
it.
 Cyberstalking refers to the use of the internet or other electronic
device to harass or stalk individuals or organizations.
 Cyberbullying refers to the act of tormenting, harassing, or
embarrassing another person using the internet.

 Spoofing happens when someone or something pretends to be

something else to gain our confidence, get access to our systems,
steal data, steal money, or spread malware.
 ITY 2.3: Show Me How You Hashtag
Direction: Look at the following images and create a hashtag based on the
type of online threat represented by each image. Write your answers in your
activity notebook.

Image source: https://www.avg.com/en/signal/what-is-spyware Image source: https://itigic.com/tag/adware/

1.
#_______________________
2. # _____________________
 3. # ________________________ 4. # _____________________

Image source: http://www.upgrademag.com/web/2018/07/18/entry-of-3rd-

telco-player-to-benefit-consumers-says-globe-telecom/

From all you have learned in Lesson 2, why is there a need to “think before
you click?”
Image source: https://shieldguide.wordpress.com/2017/03/12/think-
before-you-click/

______________________________________________________________
_____
______________________________________________________________
_____
______________________________________________________________
____

Directions: Read each item carefully and choose the letter of the correct
answer. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper or in your notebook.
1. What type of malicious program is designed to replicate itself and
transfer from one computer to another either through the internet or
local networks or data storage like flash drives and CDs?
A. Adware C. Worms and Virus
B. Spyware D. Ransomeware

2. What harmful online programs are designed to send you

advertisements, mostly pop-up ads?
A. Adware C. Worms and Virus
B. Spyware D. Ransomeware

3. What harmful online program is used to record keystrokes done by

users to steal passwords?
A. Adware C. Worms and Virus
B. Spyware D. Ransomeware

4. What is ransomware based on?

A. Fear of hackers C. Fear of spyware
B. Fear of the Internet D. Fear of losing important
files

5. Which of the following is an example of a “phishing” attack?

A. Sending someone an email that contains a malicious link that is
disguised to look like an email from someone reliable.
B. Creating a fake website that looks nearly identical to a real
website in order to trick users into entering their login
information.
C. Sending someone a text message looks like a notification that
the person has won a contest.
D. Sending someone an email that records their keystroke
activities while using their computers.

6. Which of the following must NOT be done if you received an

embarrassing picture from your friend?
A. Tell your parents or teachers
B. Send the picture on to other friends
C. Talk to your friend about its negative outcomes.
D. Discourage your friend from sending pictures like that.

7. What is a flame in cyberspace?

A. A person who follows the rules of Netiquette.
B. An expert programmer.
C. An online chain letter.
 D. A post or email message that expresses a strong opinion or
criticism.

8. What is considered shouting over the Internet? A. Screaming at your

computer.
B. Writing in all CAPS.
C. Putting a lot of exclamation marks at the end of a sentence.
D. Not answering a friend request on Facebook.

9. To avoid being cyber-bullied you should always...

A. Give out personal information to anyone who asks.
B. Strike first - post mean things about other people on your Wall
on Facebook.
C. Observe proper netiquette rules.
D. Ignore any requests from people to be your friend online.

10. How are you judged in cyberspace?

A. No one can see you, so no one can judge you.
B. You are judged by what you do on the Internet and how it looks
- by your spelling, grammar, and netiquette.
C. You are judged by your intent - if you didn't mean to hurt
someone's feelings, then it's okay.
D. You

You are finally done with Lesson 2!

a
r
e
ANSWER KEY
j udged by how you look - your profile picture is
important.

PRE-TEST ACTY 2.1: Shared or Not Shared

ACTY 2.2: Can You Keep It Private?

 ACTY 2.3: Show Me How You Hashtag

1. ABS-CBN News Topic Page on Identity-theft. Retrieved

from https://news.abs-cbn.com/list/tag/identity-theft. Retrieved on May
22, 2020.
2. National Center for Missing and Exploited Children. (n.d.). NSTeens:
Can you keep it private. Retrieved from
3. Netiquette Quiz. Retrieved from https://www.nku.edu/
~rkdrury/experiment/netiquette_quiz.htm. Retrieved on May 22, 2020.
4. Quiambao, Angelito. (2018, Jul. 23). Online safety, security, ethics, and
etiquette. Retrieved from
https://www.slideshare.net/AngelitoQuiambao/online-safety-security-
ethicsamp-etiquette. Retrieved on May 22, 2020.
5. Belcic, Ivan. (2019, Nov. 7). What is pharming and how to protect
against attacks. Retrieved from https://www.avg.com/en/signal/what-is-
pharming. Retrieved on May 22, 2020.

Images
1. https://twitter.com/Parkster00/status/1246347088625045504
 2. Shea, Virginia. (2011). Netiquette. Retrieved
from http://www.albion.com/netiquette/introduction.html. Retrieved on
May 22, 2020.
3. https://searchsecurity.techtarget.com/definition/phishing
4. https://ed451phishnpharm.weebly.com/how-to-spot-a-fake-
websitepharming.html
5. Chua, Ryan (2011, May 24). ABS-CBN News. Are you a victim of
cyberstalking. Retrieved
from https://news.abs-cbn.com/nation/05/24/11/are-youvictim-cyber-
stalking. Retrieved on May 22, 2020.
6. Andrade, Jeannette. (2012, June 2). Teen arrested for Facebook
blackmail.
Retrieved from https://technology.inquirer.net/11673/teen-
arrested-forfacebook-blackmail. Retrieved on May 22, 2020.
7. https://www.avg.com/en/signal/what-is-spyware
8. https://itigic.com/tag/adware/
9. https://dlpng.com/png/6702600
10. https://www.gtmaritime.com/free-phishing-penetration-test/
11. http://www.upgrademag.com/web/2018/07/18/entry-of-3rd-telco-player-
tobenefit-consumers-says-globe-telecom/
12. https://shieldguide.wordpress.com/2017/03/12/think-before-you-click/

The Internet has made our lives easier especially in terms of doing research.
By browsing the internet, we can access limitless topics. Web-based catalogs
are available in many libraries to assist researchers in locating printed books,
journals, government documents and other materials. The biggest obstacle
facing all researchers on the internet is how to effectively and efficiently
access the vast amount of information available (The Internet: Research
Tools, 2013).

By the end of this lesson, you are expected to:

1. Facilitate the practice in judging the credibility, value, and usefulness of

researched materials.
2. Use the Internet as a tool for credible research and information
gathering to best achieve specific objectives.
 Before we take on another journey towards exploring the great capacity of
the internet into research, kindly take time to answer the following questions
for your pretest.
Direction: Read each item carefully and choose the letter of the correct
answer. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

1. What is the Boolean logic technique used for?

A. Narrowing, broadening or eliminating a search term.
B. Using a robot to do instant research.
C. Searching several search engines at the same time.
D. Searching the infinite information from the internet.

2. http://www.avg.com/en/signal/what-is-spyware is an example of?

A. Access code B. Directory C. Server D. URL

3. Which of the following is a search engine?

A. Netscape C. Elsevier
B. Yahoo D. Macromedia Flash

4. Which of the following is NOT an example of a domain?

A. .gov B. .com C. .npr D. .edu

5. What are the three Boolean logic search operators?

A. FROM, TO, WHOM C. AND, OR, BUT
B. AND, OR, NOT D. SEARCH, KEYWORD, TEXT

Direction: Write all your answers in your activity notebook.

1. Using the Internet, try to search for your complete name.
2. Write down how many sites have featured your personal name and
what is written about you.
3. Answer the following:

What other information are written about you?

________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

Are the search results coming from reliable sources? Why?

________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
 ________________________________________________________

Should these bits of information need to be posted or shown in public?

________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
_
_
_ WHAT’S NEW
_

___________________________________________________
_

Lesson 3.1: Searching the Web

There are billions of information on the web and it is a challenge for us to

truly find which information is reliable and relevant. Here are some tips you
may use to be able to look for relevant and reliable sources:
Search Engines are websites used for retrieval of data, files, or
documents from data bases. Some search engines we use today are:

Anatomy of a URL
A URL is one type of Uniform Resource Identifier (URI). It is a
generic term for all types of names and addresses that refer to
objects on the world wide web. Knowing the URL endings will give
you clues to who is sponsoring the website and help evaluate the
sources.
 https://www.searchenginejournal.com/alternative-searchengines/271409/#close

1. Protocol 4. Top-level Domain 7. Named anchor

2. Subdomain 5. Folders/
Paths
3. Domain 6.
Page

Popular Domains
Top- level Domains
.edu – educational institution
.org – non-profit organization
.gov – government site
.com – commercial site
.net - network
Country code top level domains
.ph – Philippines
.eu – European Union
.uk – United Kingdom
.au - Australia

Search Skills and Tools

1. Boolean Logic – narrows, broadens, or eliminates search term.

a. Boolean “or” – this operator will find pages that include

either of the search terms.
Ex. A or B

b. Boolean “and” – this operator will retrieve only pages

containing both terms
Ex. A and B

A B

c. Boolean “not” – this operator will find pages that do not

include search term immediately following it.
Ex. A not B
 A B

2. Phase Searching – is used to search for famous quotes, proper

names, recommendations, etc. It encloses the phrase in quotation
marks.
Ex. “Jane Doe” “To be or not to be”

3. Plus (+) – indicates that the word after the sign is a required word
must be found in search. Example: +fire

4. Minus (–) sign – indicates to exclude a word from your search that
is not required on the result. Example: Jaguar speed –car

5. Ampersand (@) is used to find social tags. Example: @SteveJobs

6. Hashtag (#) is used to find popular hashtags. Example:

#LawOfClassroom

7. Finding Documents – using the filetype refines the search for

documents on the web.
o filetype
:pdf o fil
etype:do
c o filety
pe:xls
Ex. ICT in the Philippines pdf
8. Searching Site – the sites find webpage from a website.
Ex.: National Geographic information in Australia
Search: Australia site: NationalGeographic.com
 Directions: Use the Internet to research on a news article on Information

URL: _______________________________________________________
Title of Article: _______________________________________________

Paste printed article here.

 38

Technology in the Philippines. This information must come from a government

site in PDF or Word document. Print the article and paste your work on a separate
sheet of paper. Do not forget to include the URL of the article you have taken the
information.

The web provides access to some excellent information and can also give access to
those that are irrelevant and outdated. Here is some checklist that you can use to
evaluate your website:
1. Authority. It reveals that the person, institution or agency responsible for a site
has the qualifications and knowledge to do so. Evaluating a web site for authority:
 Authorship: It should be clear who developed the site.
 Contact information should be clearly provided: e-mail address,
snail mail address, phone number, and fax number.
 Credentials: the author should state qualifications, credentials,
or personal background that gives them authority to present
information.
 Check to see if the site supported by an organization or a
commercial body

2. Purpose. The purpose of the information presented in the site should be clear.
Some sites are meant to inform, persuade, state an opinion, entertain, or parody
something or someone. Evaluating a web site for purpose:
 Does the content support the purpose of the site?
 Is the information geared to a specific audience (students,
scholars, general reader)?
 Is the site organized and focused?
 Are the outside links appropriate for the site?
 Does the site evaluate the links?

39
3. Coverage. This refers to how comprehensive the website is in their discussion of
certain topics. Evaluating a web site for coverage:
 Does the site claim to be selective or comprehensive?
 Are the topics explored in depth?

 Compare the value of the site’s information compared to other

similar sites.
 Do the links go to outside sites rather than its own?
 Does the site provide information with no relevant outside links?

4. Currency. It refers to: (1) how current the information presented is, and (2) how
often the site is updated or maintained. It is important to know when a site was
created, when it was last updated, and if all of the links are current.
Evaluating a web site for currency involves finding the date information was:
 first written
 placed on the web  last revised

5. Objectivity. Objective sites present information with a minimum of bias.

Evaluating a web site for objectivity:
 Is the information presented with a particular bias?
 Does the information try to sway the audience?
 Does site advertising conflict with the content?
 Is the site trying to explain, inform, persuade, or sell something?

6. Accuracy. It refers to the credibility of the website. Evaluating a web site for
accuracy:
 Reliability: Is the author affiliated with a known, respectable
institution?
 References: do statistics and other factual information receive
proper references as to their origin?
 Is the information comparable to other sites on the same topic?
 Does the text follow basic rules of grammar, spelling and
composition?
 Is a bibliography or reference list included?
 ity 3.3: Evaluating Websites: Checklist
This activity is adapted from the University of Maryland: Evaluating Web Sites: A Checklist
www.lib.umd.edu/tl/guides/evaluating-checklist Directions:
1. Using the Internet, research on topics under CoVid-19 in the Philippines.
2. Read through the checklist and answer each question in your notebook.
3. Attach a printout of the web site you are evaluating and paste in your notebook:

Print out of the website

41
1. What is the URL or web address of the web site you are evaluating?

http://_____________________________________________________

2. What is the title of the web site?

____________________________________

AUTHORITY AND ACCURACY

I couldn’t tell The author is:

_______________________________________

Who is the author of the web site?

What authorship clues did the URL (web address) provide? Check all that apply:
company (.com) country-specific site (e.g., .uk)

non-profit organization (.org) military site (.mil) academic institution (.edu)

network of computer (.net) government agency (.gov) other? Please
describe:
personal web page (e.g., www.jamieoliver.com)

PURPOSE AND CONTENT

What is the purpose of the web page or site? Check all that
apply:
 A personal web page
A company or organization web site
A forum for educational/public service information
A forum for scholarly/research information
For entertainment
An advertisement or electronic commerce A
forum for ideas, opinions, or points of view
Other – please explain:

In your own words, briefly describe the purpose of the web site:
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

What does the web site provide? Check one:

Balanced, objective or factual information
Biased, subjective or opinionated statements
Are the arguments well supported? ____ Yes ____ No
Both objective and subjective information
I couldn’t tell
Other – please explain:

Does the web site provide any contact information or means of

communicating with the author or webmaster? ____
Yes _____ No
CURRENCY

I couldn’t tell
It was updated on:___________________________________
 When was the web site last revised, modified, or updated?

Is the site well maintained?

I couldn’t tell
Yes
No

File: Evaluating Websites: A Checklist University of Maryland Libraries * T&L * 2/2014

Website evaluation is an important skill that everyone should practice

and master through time. It is always important to learn which information are
relevant and reliable to be able to avoid misinformation and be a victim of fake
news.

Direction: Read each item carefully and choose the letter of the correct
answer. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper or in your
notebook.

1. What happens when a phrase or sentence is placed inside quotation

marks when doing research?
A. Will only return items that have both terms.
B. Will search for words that are together and in order
C. Will return items that exclude a term
D. Will return items that have either of the terms

2. What is a URL?
A. A computer software program
 B. An acronym for Unlimited Resources for Learning
C. The address of a document or "page" on the World Wide
Web
D. A search engine

3. What are the three main search expressions, or operators, recognized

by Boolean logic?
A. and, or, not C. and, or, but
B. from, to, whom D. search, keyword, text

4. How do you evaluate a web page?

A. You confirm that the author or site an authority on the
subject.
B. You check to see if the author has been objective.
C. You check to see if the information is current.
D. You do as many of the above as possible.

5. An article that only presents one point of view or omits facts is biased.

A. True B. False

in
1. Dalhousie University. (n.d.) 6 criteria for websites. Retrieved
from https://cdn.dal.ca/content/dam/dalhousie/pdf/library/CoreSkills/
6_Criteria_fo r_Websites.pdf. Retrieved on May 24, 2020.

2. Quiambao, Angelito. (2018, Jul. 23). Contextualized Online Search and

Research
Skills. Retrieved
from https://www.slideshare.net/AngelitoQuiambao/onlineresearch-
107104482. Retrieved on May 24, 2020.

3. University of Maryland. (2020). Evaluating Web Sites: A Checklist.

Retrieved from www.lib.umd.edu/tl/guides/evaluating-checklist. Retrieved
on May 24, 2020.