ProtaStructure Design Guide

Pad Footing Design to EN 1992-1-1:2004

Version 2.0 July 2022

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Table of Contents
Scope ....................................................................................................................................................... 5
User Interface .......................................................................................................................................... 5
List of Symbols and Abbreviations ........................................................................................................... 8
Input Parameters ................................................................................................................................. 8
Default Parameters .............................................................................................................................. 8
Calculated Parameters ......................................................................................................................... 8
Design Flow and Formulations............................................................................................................... 10
Initial Design ...................................................................................................................................... 10
Calculations and Checks..................................................................................................................... 10
Loads Acting on Pad Footing .............................................................................................................. 10
Total Axial Force, Np ........................................................................................................................... 11
Soil Stress Values ............................................................................................................................... 11
Soil Stress Check ................................................................................................................................ 11
Eccentricity Check .............................................................................................................................. 12
Calculation of Internal Shear Forces and Moments ........................................................................... 12
Bending Design .................................................................................................................................. 13
Effective Depth .................................................................................................................................. 13
Shear Capacity ................................................................................................................................... 14
Shear Check ....................................................................................................................................... 14
Control Perimeter .............................................................................................................................. 15
Punching Check.................................................................................................................................. 16
Punching Resistance ....................................................................................................................... 16
Punching Demand .......................................................................................................................... 16
Verification ............................................................................................................................................ 18
Input Parameters ............................................................................................................................... 18
Loading ........................................................................................................................................... 18
Soil and Material Properties ........................................................................................................... 19
Footing Dimensions ........................................................................................................................... 19
Manual Calculations .......................................................................................................................... 20
Total Axial Force ............................................................................................................................. 20
Total Moments ............................................................................................................................... 20
Corner Stresses............................................................................................................................... 21
Soil Stress Check ............................................................................................................................. 21
Eccentricity Check .......................................................................................................................... 21
Internal Forces and Moments ........................................................................................................ 21
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Bending Design ............................................................................................................................... 23

Effective Depth ............................................................................................................................... 23
Shear Capacity ................................................................................................................................ 23
Shear Check .................................................................................................................................... 24
Punching Check .............................................................................................................................. 24
Pad Footing Report (ProtaStructure Output) ......................................................................................... 25
Pad Footing Report ................................................................................................................................ 25
F-GC1 Design Summary ......................................................................................................................... 25
Loading Info ....................................................................................................................................... 25
Soil Stress Check ................................................................................................................................ 25
Eccentricity Check .............................................................................................................................. 27
Punching Check.................................................................................................................................. 27
Shear Check ....................................................................................................................................... 28
Bending Reinforcement Check .......................................................................................................... 29
Thank You… ........................................................................................................................................... 30
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Scope
This document explains pad footing design per EN1992-1-1:2004 is explained. An arbitrary pad footing
is selected and designed under a single load combination.

User Interface
Before defining a Pad Footing:

• The building model must be completed and analyzed to determine the column axial loads and
moments.
• The foundation storey 0 (ST: 0) must be the current storey.

In ProtaStructure, geometry and design information is presented in a clear manner.

Pad footing geometry can be defined using the Geometry section. Column dimensions are obtained
from the ProtaStructure model.
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Material and soil properties are determined under the Materials section.

Design and detailing options are determined under the Options section.

Analysis results of the selected column are given under the Column Loads section.
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Pad footing rebars are given under the Rebars section.

Further details on the process of defining pad footing at column bases are out of this document's scope
and are given in detail at the Prota Help Center. You can reach the relevant page at:

https://support.protasoftware.com/portal/en/kb/articles/pad-footing
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List of Symbols and Abbreviations

Input Parameters
ℎ: Pad footing height
ℎ𝑡𝑎𝑝𝑒𝑟 : Pad footing taper height
𝑑𝑐𝑐 : Concrete cover
𝐿𝑥 Pad footing width in X direction
𝐿𝑦 : Pad footing width in Y direction
𝐵𝑥 : Column width in X direction
𝐵𝑦 : Column width in Y direction
𝑁: Column axial force
𝑉𝑥 : Shear force in X direction
𝑉𝑦 : Shear force in Y direction
𝑀𝑥 : Moment in X direction
𝑀𝑦 : Moment in Y direction
𝑒𝑥 : Pad footing eccentricity in X direction
𝑒𝑦 : Pad footing eccentricity in Y direction
𝜎𝑢𝑙𝑡 ∶ Ultimate Soil Strength

Default Parameters
𝛾𝑐 : Unit weight of concrete
𝛾𝑠 : Unit weight of soil
𝑓𝑐𝑡𝑑 : Tensile design strength of concrete

Calculated Parameters
𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑓−𝑥 : Effective depth of pad footing in x-direction
𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑓−𝑦 : Effective depth of pad footing in y-direction
𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑓−𝑎𝑣𝑔 : Average Effective depth of pad footing
𝐼𝑥 : Moment of inertia (second moment of area) of the pad footing in x-direction
𝐼𝑦 : Moment of inertia (second moment of area) of the pad footing in y-direction
Σ𝑀𝑥 Total Moment in Y direction
Σ𝑀𝑦 : Total Moment in Y direction
𝑁𝑝 : Total Axial force acting on the footing
𝐿𝑐𝑓−𝑓𝑒−𝑥 : The distance between column face and the footing edge in x-direction
𝐿𝑐𝑓−𝑓𝑒−𝑦 : The distance between column face and the footing edge in y-direction
𝐿𝑐𝑓𝑑−𝑓𝑒−𝑥 : The distance between the point ‘deff’ distance away from column face and footing edge
in x-direction
𝐿𝑐𝑓𝑑−𝑓𝑒−𝑦 : The distance between the point ‘deff’ distance away from column face and footing edge
in y-direction
𝜎𝑐𝑓−𝑥 : Stress at column face in x-direction
𝜎𝑐𝑓−𝑦 : Stress at column face in y-direction
𝜎𝑐𝑓𝑑−𝑥 : Stress at the point ‘d’ distance away from column face in x-direction
𝜎𝑐𝑓𝑑−𝑦 : Stress at the point ‘d’ distance away from column face in y-direction
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𝜎𝑚𝑎𝑥 : Max. corner stress

𝜎𝑛−𝑥 ∶ Stress at the x-direction neighbour corner of the max stress corner
𝜎𝑛−𝑦 : Stress at the y-direction neighbour corner of the max stress corner
𝑉𝑐𝑓−𝑥 : Design shear at column face in x-direction
𝑉𝑐𝑓−𝑦 : Design shear at column face in y-direction
𝑉𝑐𝑓𝑑−𝑥 : Design shear at the point ‘d’ distance away from column face in x-direction
𝑉𝑐𝑓𝑑−𝑦 : Design shear at the point ‘d’ distance away from column face in y-direction
𝑀𝑐𝑓−𝑥 : Design moment at column face in x-direction
𝑀𝑐𝑓−𝑦 : Design moment at column face in y-direction
𝑀𝑐𝑓𝑑−𝑥 : Design moment at the point ‘d’ distance away from column face in x-direction
𝑀𝑐𝑓𝑑−𝑦 : Design moment at the point ‘d’ distance away from column face in x-direction
𝑢𝑝 : Effective perimeter for punching
𝑉𝑝𝑟 : Punching strength
𝑉𝑝𝑑 : Punching demand
𝑊𝑐 : Concrete weight of footing
𝑊𝑠 : Soil weight above footing
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Design Flow and Formulations

Initial Design
A pad footing is generated with initial dimensions and reinforcement based on the dimensions of the
relevant column/columns. Initial dimensions are selected such that it satisfies the minimum dimension
requirements in design codes.

Calculations and Checks

After determining the initial design for the pad footing, Prota Structures moves on to the first step of
the design process, in which the footing dimensions and reinforcement details are modified iteratively
until the design meets the specified criteria in the design code. Since some design parameters such as
rebar diameter and footing dimensions affect the shear and bending demands, the design checks are
repeated after the rebar configuration, and footing dimensions are set.

The design steps include:

• Calculation of the loading based on column input and footing dimensions

• Iteration for footing dimensions. (repeat until all criteria are met)
o Check for soil pressure
o Calculation of internal shear and moments
o Check for eccentricity requirements
o Increase footing dimensions if unsatisfactory
• Determine rebars for calculated internal moments
• Check for punching shear
• Re-check for soil pressure, punching, and eccentricity
o Increase depth if not satisfactory

These steps are explained in detail in the following sections

Loads Acting on Pad Footing

Loads acting on the foundation:

• N: Column axial force

• Np*: Total axial force acting on the foundation, calculated by the sum of the column axial force,
soil weight on the footing, and self-weight.
• Vx,y: Column Shear force in X and Y directions
• Mx,y: Column base moments in X and Y directions.
• σ*: Stress at the soil-foundation boundary, resulting from the interaction between the
moments and axial forces

* Calculated parameters
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Total Axial Force, Np

The total axial force acting on the foundation is:

• N: Axial force imposed by the column

• Wc: Concrete weight, including the cuboid part of the footing, the taper, and pedestal (for steel
columns)
ℎ𝑡𝑎𝑝𝑒𝑟
𝑊𝑐 = 𝐿𝑥 ∗ 𝐿𝑦 (ℎ + ) 𝛾𝑐 + 𝐿𝑥−𝑝𝑒𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑙 ∗ 𝐿𝑦−𝑝𝑒𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑙 ∗ 𝐻𝑝𝑒𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑙 ∗ 𝛾𝑐
2
• Ws: Soil weight on top of the footing
ℎ𝑡𝑎𝑝𝑒𝑟
𝑊𝑠 = 𝐿𝑥 𝐿𝑦 (𝐻𝑓𝑖𝑙𝑙 − ) 𝛾𝑠
2

Therefore the total axial force is

𝑁𝑝 = 𝑁 + 𝑊𝑐 + 𝑊𝑠

Soil Stress Values

The soil stress results from the interaction between the axial loads and moments. Each corner of the
footing has different values of soil pressure.

The formula gives total soil pressure at a corner:

𝑁𝑝 ∑ 𝑀𝑥 𝐿𝑥 ∑ 𝑀𝑦 𝐿𝑦
𝜎𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑛𝑒𝑟 = ± ∗ ± ∗
𝐴 𝐼𝑥 2 𝐼𝑦 2

Where;

∑ 𝑀𝑥,𝑦 = 𝑀𝑥,𝑦 − 𝑉𝑥,𝑦 ∗ (ℎ + ℎ𝑡𝑎𝑝𝑒𝑟 ) + 𝑒𝑥,𝑦 ∗ 𝑁 is the total moment in x or y directions

(if the user restricts rotation of the footing, only the Mx,y values are taken into account)
1 1
𝐼𝑥 = 𝐿
12 𝑦
∗ 𝐿𝑥 3 , 𝐼𝑦 = 𝐿
12 𝑥
∗ 𝐿𝑦 3 are the moments of inertia in x or y directions.

Soil Stress Check

After the stress in each corner is calculated, the corner with the maximum stress is determined. This
maximum stress is checked against the allowable soil pressure limit. If the condition below is not
satisfied, the planar footing dimensions are increased until the condition is met.

𝜎𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝑀𝑎𝑥(𝜎1 , 𝜎2 , 𝜎3 , 𝜎4 )

𝜎𝑚𝑎𝑥 < 𝜎𝑢𝑙𝑡

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Eccentricity Check
The footing dimensions and loading must satisfy the following condition

𝑒𝑐𝑐𝑥 ≤ 𝑒𝑐𝑥 and 𝑒𝑐𝑐𝑦 ≤ 𝑒𝑐𝑦

Where;

𝑒𝑐𝑐𝑥 = |∑ 𝑀𝑥 /𝑁𝑝 | and 𝑒𝑐𝑐𝑦 = |∑ 𝑀𝑦 /𝑁𝑝 | are the resultant eccentricities in x and y
directions.

(Note that this is a value resulting purely from the loading calculations and is separate from the
eccentricity caused by the geometry of the footing and the column)

𝑒𝑐𝑥 = 𝐿𝑥 /6 and 𝑒𝑐𝑦 = 𝐿𝑦 /6 are the critical eccentricities in x and y directions. These values ensure
no negative soil pressure (uplift) occurs under the footing.

Calculation of Internal Shear Forces and Moments

The soil pressure under the footing is assumed to be trapezoidal in both directions. The slopes of the
stress diagrams between the maximum stress corner and its neighboring corners in both directions are
determined. The reinforced concrete design is based on this stress distribution and cantilever beam
assumption. The self-weight of the footing in this section and the weight of the soil fill above are
excluded from this calculation.

Distances between the column faces and footing edges in both directions:

(𝐿𝑥 − 𝐵𝑥 ) (𝐿𝑦 − 𝐵𝑦 )
𝐿𝑐𝑓−𝑓𝑒 = 𝑎𝑛𝑑
2 2

Slopes of the stress distributions:

∆𝜎𝑥 𝜎𝑚𝑎𝑥 − 𝜎𝑛−𝑥

=
∆𝑥 𝐿𝑥

∆𝜎𝑦 𝜎𝑚𝑎𝑥 − 𝜎𝑛−𝑦

=
∆𝑦 𝐿𝑦

Stress at column face with normal parallel to the x-direction

∆𝜎𝑥
𝜎𝑐𝑓−𝑥 = 𝜎𝑛−𝑥 + (𝐿𝑥 − 𝐿𝑐𝑓−𝑓𝑒−𝑥 ) ∗
∆𝑥

Concrete weight of the cantilever section and the weight of the overlaying soil fill
𝑐
𝑊𝑐𝑠−𝑥 = 𝐿𝑦 ∗ 𝐿𝑐𝑓−𝑓𝑒−𝑥 ∗ (𝐻 ∗ 𝛾𝑐 + 𝐻𝑓𝑖𝑙𝑙 ∗ 𝛾𝑠 )

Total shear at column face: (sum of rectangular and triangular stress distributions, i.e., area of the
trapezoidal distribution minus the concrete and soil weight)

𝐿𝑐𝑓−𝑓𝑒−𝑥 𝑐
𝑉𝑐𝑓−𝑥 = 𝐿𝑦 ∗ ( 𝜎𝑐𝑓−𝑥 ∗ 𝐿𝑐𝑓−𝑓𝑒−𝑥 + (𝜎𝑚𝑎𝑥 − 𝜎𝑐𝑓−𝑥 ) ∗ ) − 𝑊𝑐𝑠−𝑥
2
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Total Moment at column face: (sum of the moments of the rectangular and triangular stress
distributions minus the moments of the concrete and soil weight)

1 2
𝑀𝑐𝑓−𝑥 = 𝐿𝑦 ∗ (𝜎𝑐𝑓−𝑥 ∗ 𝐿𝑐𝑓−𝑓𝑒−𝑥 2 + (𝜎𝑚𝑎𝑥 − 𝜎𝑐𝑓−𝑥 ) ∗ 𝐿𝑐𝑓−𝑓𝑒−𝑥 2 ) − 𝑊𝑐𝑠−𝑥
𝑐
∗ 𝐿𝑐𝑓−𝑓𝑒−𝑥 /2
2 6

Stress at column face with normal parallel to the y-direction

∆𝜎𝑦
𝜎𝑐𝑓−𝑦 = 𝜎𝑛−𝑦 + (𝐿𝑦 − 𝐿𝑐𝑓−𝑓𝑒−𝑦 ) ∗
∆𝑦

Concrete weight of the cantilever section and the weight of the overlaying soil fill
𝑐
𝑊𝑐𝑠−𝑦 = 𝐿𝑥 ∗ 𝐿𝑐𝑓−𝑓𝑒−𝑦 ∗ (𝐻 ∗ 𝛾𝑐 + 𝐻𝑓𝑖𝑙𝑙 ∗ 𝛾𝑠 )

Total shear at column face: (sum of rectangular and triangular stress distributions, i.e., area of the
trapezoidal distribution minus the concrete and soil weight)

𝐿𝑐𝑓−𝑓𝑒−𝑦 𝑐
𝑉𝑐𝑓−𝑦 = 𝐿𝑥 ∗ (𝜎𝑐𝑓−𝑦 ∗ 𝐿𝑐𝑓−𝑓𝑒−𝑦 + (𝜎𝑚𝑎𝑥 − 𝜎𝑐𝑓−𝑦 ) ∗ ) − 𝑊𝑐𝑠−𝑦
2

Total Moment at column face: (sum of the moments of the rectangular and triangular stress
distributions minus the moments of the concrete and soil weight)

1 2
𝑀𝑐𝑓−𝑦 = 𝐿𝑥 ∗ (𝜎𝑐𝑓−𝑦 ∗ 𝐿𝑐𝑓−𝑓𝑒−𝑦 2 + (𝜎𝑚𝑎𝑥 − 𝜎𝑐𝑓−𝑦 ) ∗ 𝐿𝑐𝑓−𝑓𝑒−𝑦 2 ) − 𝑊𝑐𝑠−𝑦
𝑐
∗ 𝐿𝑐𝑓−𝑓𝑒−𝑦 /2
2 6

Bending Design
Based on calculated values, a bending design is performed for both directions. Hence required steel
areas for both directions are calculated. The design is performed following the assumption that the
footing behaves similarly to a cantilever beam in both directions. Thus the rebar requirements are
calculated with this assumption. Reinforced concrete design flow for bending elements is out of the
scope of this document.

Effective Depth
The effective depth is an essential parameter in shear and punching checks. It depends on the clear
concrete cover distance, footing height, and the rebar diameter in both directions. Assuming the rebar
in the x direction is below the rebar in the y direction:

𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑓−𝑥 = ℎ + ℎ𝑡𝑎𝑝𝑒𝑟 − 𝑑𝑐𝑐 − Φ𝑥 /2

𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑓−𝑦 = ℎ + ℎ𝑡𝑎𝑝𝑒𝑟 − 𝑑𝑐𝑐 − Φ𝑥 − Φ𝑦 /2

1
𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑓−𝑎𝑣𝑔 = (𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑓−𝑥 + 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑓−𝑦 )
2
 Page - 14

Shear Capacity
Shear capacity is calculated per cl. 6.2.2(1), expression 6.2.a, 6.2.b:

𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑐 = [𝐶𝑅𝑑,𝑐 𝑘(100𝜌𝑙 𝑓𝑐𝑘 )1/3 + 𝑘1 𝜎𝑐𝑝 ]𝑏𝑤 𝑑

𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑐−𝑚𝑖𝑛 = (𝑉𝑚𝑖𝑛 + 𝑘1 𝜎𝑐𝑝 )𝑏𝑤 𝑑

The term 𝜎𝑐𝑝 is related to the axial force in the section due to loading or prestressing. Since there is no
significant axial force in the footing concrete section, the terms containing 𝜎𝑐𝑝 in both equations vanish.

𝐶𝑅𝑑,𝑐 : Factor defined in 6.2.2(1). Recommended value is 0.18/γc = 0.12

200
𝑘 =1+ √ 𝑑
≤ 2.0 (𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑑 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑 𝑏𝑒 𝑚𝑚)

𝐴𝑠𝑙
𝜌𝑙 = 𝑏𝑤 𝑑
≤ 0.02 is the flexural reinforcement ratio in the considered direction where 𝐴𝑠𝑙 is the
provided flexural reinforcement area.

𝑓𝑐𝑘 : Characteristic concrete strength

𝑑:Effective depth in the considered direction

𝑉𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.035 𝑘 3/2 ∗ 𝑓𝑐𝑘 1/2 is the minimum shear resistance

𝑏𝑤 : Section width for considered direction (for x-direction, Ly, and y-direction Lx)

Shear Check
Shear capacities in both directions are compared against shear demands calculated in the manner of
previous sections;

𝑉𝑐𝑓−𝑥 < 𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑐−𝑥 ; 𝑉𝑑−𝑥 < 𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑐−𝑥

𝑉𝑐𝑓−𝑦 < 𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑐−𝑦 ; 𝑉𝑑−𝑦 < 𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑐−𝑦

Where 𝑉𝑑−𝑥 and 𝑉𝑑−𝑦 are the shear values obtained at a distance ‘d’ away from the column face.
 Page - 15

Control Perimeter
Control perimeters are used for the calculation of punching capacity and demands as per Clause 6.4.4(2)

Eurocode states that a punching check should be conducted for control perimeters starting from the
column periphery to a 2d distance away from the column.

Control perimeters are defined in 6.4.2.

When the available distance on the footing is smaller than the required distance, edge or corner
conditions apply, and the control perimeter shape is modified accordingly

ProtaStructure calculates the effective perimeter at intervals between the column face and the 2d
distance maximum perimeter to check for possible critical perimeters for punching failure. Footing
dimensions are taken into account for each control perimeter. The periphery and the area are calculated
for each control perimeter.

The perimeter at which demand/capacity is the lowest is deemed the critical control perimeter, and the
associated distance is called the Critical Control distance. These values are obtained for each load
combination
 Page - 16

Punching Check

Punching Resistance
From expression 6.50, we get

2𝑑 2𝑑
𝑉𝑟𝑑 = 𝐶𝑅𝑑,𝑐 𝑘(100𝜌𝑓𝑐𝑘 )1/3 ∗ ≤ 𝑉𝑚𝑖𝑛 ∗
𝑎 𝑎

𝑉𝑝𝑑 = 𝑉𝑟𝑑 ∗ 𝑢𝑝 ∗ 𝑑

Where;

𝑉𝑟𝑑 : Punching stress resistance (Force/Area)

𝑉𝑝𝑑 : Punching resistance (Force)

𝐶𝑅𝑑,𝑐 : Factor defined in 6.4.4(1). Recommended value is 0.18/γc = 0.12

200
𝑘 =1+ √ 𝑑
≤ 2.0 (𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑑 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑 𝑏𝑒 𝑚𝑚)

𝜌 = √𝜌𝑥 ∗ 𝜌𝑦 ≤ 0.02 where 𝜌𝑥 and 𝜌𝑦 are the flexural reinforcement ratios in x and y directions,
respectively. 𝜌 is further corrected based on concrete grade if 𝜌 > 0.4%

𝑓𝑐𝑘 : Characteristic concrete strength

𝑑:Average effective depth

𝑎: Distance from the column periphery to the control distance

𝑉𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.035 𝑘 3/2 ∗ 𝑓𝑐𝑘 1/2 is the minimum punching resistance

For each control perimeter from the column periphery to a distance 2d away from the periphery,
punching resistance is calculated by updating the value of 𝑎.

Punching Demand
For each load combination and each control perimeter, the concentric demand is calculated:

𝑉𝑒𝑑,𝑟𝑒𝑑 = 𝑉𝑒𝑑 − ∆𝑉𝑒𝑑

Where;

𝑉𝑒𝑑 : Is the applied shear force, i.e., Total axial force, 𝑁𝑝

∆𝑉𝑒𝑑 = 𝜎𝑠𝑜𝑖𝑙,𝑎𝑣𝑔 ∗ 𝐴𝑐 Is the net upward force in the control perimeter considered

𝐴𝑐 : Area of the considered control perimeter.

If there is no eccentricity in loading, i.e ∑ 𝑀𝑥,𝑦 = 0, then the concentric demand is equal to the punching
demand, Vpd.
 Page - 17

Else, (in case of eccentric loading)

𝑉𝑝𝑑 = 𝑉𝑒𝑑 ∗ 𝑢𝑝 ∗ 𝑑

𝑉𝑒𝑑,𝑟𝑒𝑑
𝑉𝑒𝑑 = ∗ 𝛽
𝑢𝑝 ∗ 𝑑

The value 𝛽 is calculated differently depending on the column position and the control distance under
consideration. The column is considered interior if the control perimeter for the current control distance
lies within the footing limits.

For rectangular interior columns:

2
𝑒𝑐𝑐𝑥 𝑒𝑐𝑐𝑦 2
𝛽 = 1 + 1.8 ∗ √( ) +( )
𝑏𝑦 𝑏𝑥

bx and by are the control perimeter dimensions.

For circular interior columns:

𝑒
𝛽 = 1 + 0.6𝜋
𝐷 + 4𝑑

D is the column diameter

For other and general cases:

𝑀𝑑 𝑢𝑝
𝛽 = [1 + 𝑘𝑝 ∗ ]
𝑉𝑒𝑑,𝑟𝑒𝑑 ∗ 𝑊

𝑘𝑝 is a factor realting relating to the ratios of column dimension and is determined by the expression
6.51
𝑢𝑖
𝑊 = ∫ |𝑒|𝑑𝑙
0

𝑊 is a factor that considers the distribution of shear force due to eccentricities. |𝑒| is the absolute
perpendicular distance from the considered control perimeter to the eccentricity axis.
 Page - 18

Verification
A single pad footing design for the corner column will be conducted to verify the software calculations.
The step-by-step results will be compared to hand calculations based on the formulae described in the
previous sections.

Input Parameters

Loading
For this verification, a single load combination defined by the envelope of regular loads will be used.

Design Axial Force Nd = 627.48 kN

Design Shear X Vx = 67.59 kN
Design Shear Y Vy = 27.82 kN
Design Moment X Mx = -49.00 kNm
Design Moment Y My = -45.80 kNm
Concrete Cover dcc = 50 mm
 Page - 19

Soil and Material Properties

Concrete Unit Weight γc = 25.00 kN/m³

Soil Unit Weight γs = 18.00 kN/m³
Soil Ultimate Strength σult = 357.10 kPa

Footing Dimensions
Initial depth is selected as the defined minimum footing depth, 400 mm.

Initial footing dimensions are selected as 1m x 1m to satisfy the minimum 1m² requirement.

𝐿𝑥0 = 0.8 𝑚 ; 𝐿𝑦0 = 0.6 𝑚 ; ℎ0 = 0.4 𝑚 ; ℎ𝑡𝑎𝑝𝑒𝑟 = 0

After the design process, the footing dimensions are determined as follows:

𝐿𝑥 = 2.1 𝑚 ; 𝐿𝑦 = 1.8 𝑚 ; ℎ = 0.6 𝑚 ; ℎ𝑡𝑎𝑝𝑒𝑟 = 0

 Page - 20

Manual Calculations
To verify the model, the footing calculations will be conducted manually using the loading, material,
and geometry parameters used in the model.

Total Axial Force

ℎ𝑡𝑎𝑝𝑒𝑟
𝑊𝑐 = 𝐿𝑥 ∗ 𝐿𝑦 (ℎ + ) 𝛾𝑐 + 𝐿𝑥−𝑝𝑒𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑙 ∗ 𝐿𝑦−𝑝𝑒𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑙 ∗ 𝐻𝑝𝑒𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑙 ∗ 𝛾𝑐
2

0𝑚 𝑘𝑁
𝑊𝑐 = 2.1 𝑚 ∗ 1.8 𝑚 ∗ (0.6 𝑚 + ) ∗ 25 3 = 56.70 𝑘𝑁
2 𝑚

ℎ𝑡𝑎𝑝𝑒𝑟
𝑊𝑠 = 𝐿𝑥 𝐿𝑦 (𝐻𝑓𝑖𝑙𝑙 − ) 𝛾𝑠
2

0𝑚
𝑊𝑠 = 2.1 𝑚 ∗ 1.8 𝑚 ∗ (0.7 𝑚 − ) 18 = 47.63 𝑘𝑁
2

𝑁𝑝 = 𝑁 + 𝑊𝑐 + 𝑊𝑠 = 627.48 𝑘𝑁 + 56.70 𝑘𝑁 + 47.63 𝑘𝑁 = 𝟕𝟑𝟏. 𝟖𝟏 𝒌𝑵

Total Moments
1 1
𝐼𝑥 = 𝐿𝑦 ∗ 𝐿𝑥 3 = 2.1 𝑚 ∗ (1.8 𝑚)3 = 1.389 𝑚⁴
12 12
1 1
𝐼𝑦 = 𝐿𝑥 ∗ 𝐿𝑦 3 = 1.8 𝑚 ∗ (2.1 𝑚)3 = 1.021 𝑚⁴
12 12

∑ 𝑀𝑥 = 𝑀𝑥 + 𝑉𝑥 ∗ (ℎ + ℎ𝑡𝑎𝑝𝑒𝑟 ) + 𝑒𝑥 ∗ 𝑁

∑ 𝑀𝑥 = −49 𝑘𝑁𝑚 − 67.69 𝑘𝑁 ∗ (0.6 𝑚 + 0 𝑚) + 0 𝑚 ∗ 731.81 𝑘𝑁 = −89.55 𝑘𝑁𝑚

∑ 𝑀𝑦 = 𝑀𝑦 + 𝑉𝑦 ∗ (ℎ + ℎ𝑡𝑎𝑝𝑒𝑟 ) + 𝑒𝑦 ∗ 𝑁

∑ 𝑀𝑦 = −45.80 𝑘𝑁𝑚 − 27.82 𝑘𝑁 ∗ (0.6 𝑚 + 0 𝑚) + 0 𝑚 ∗ 731.81 𝑘𝑁 = −62.49 𝑘𝑁𝑚

 Page - 21

Corner Stresses
Manual Calculation:

𝑁𝑝 ∑ 𝑀𝑥 𝐿𝑥 ∑ 𝑀𝑦 𝐿𝑦
𝜎𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑛𝑒𝑟 = ± ∗ ± ∗
𝐴 𝐼𝑥 2 𝐼𝑦 2

𝑁𝑝 ∑ 𝑀𝑥 𝐿𝑥 ∑ 𝑀𝑦 𝐿𝑦
𝜎1 = − ∗ − ∗ = 𝟑𝟏𝟔. 𝟒𝟎 𝒌𝑷𝒂
𝐴 𝐼𝑥 2 𝐼𝑦 2

𝑁𝑝 ∑ 𝑀𝑥 𝐿𝑥 ∑ 𝑀𝑦 𝐿𝑦
𝜎2 = + ∗ − ∗ = 𝟏𝟖𝟏. 𝟎𝟐 𝒌𝑷𝒂
𝐴 𝐼𝑥 2 𝐼𝑦 2

𝑁𝑝 ∑ 𝑀𝑥 𝐿𝑥 ∑ 𝑀𝑦 𝐿𝑦
𝜎3 = + ∗ + ∗ = 𝟕𝟎. 𝟖𝟎 𝒌𝑷𝒂
𝐴 𝐼𝑥 2 𝐼𝑦 2

𝑁𝑝 ∑ 𝑀𝑥 𝐿𝑥 ∑ 𝑀𝑦 𝐿𝑦
𝜎4 = − ∗ + ∗ = 𝟐𝟎𝟔. 𝟏𝟖 𝒌𝑷𝒂
𝐴 𝐼𝑥 2 𝐼𝑦 2

Soil Stress Check

𝝈𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝟑𝟏𝟔. 𝟒𝟎 𝒌𝑷𝒂 < 𝟑𝟓𝟕. 𝟏𝟎 𝒌𝑷𝒂 = 𝝈𝒖𝒍𝒕

Eccentricity Check
−89.55 𝑘𝑁𝑚
𝑒𝑐𝑐𝑥 = |∑ 𝑀𝑥 /𝑁𝑝 | = | | = 0.1223 𝑚 = 122.3 𝑚𝑚
731.81 𝑘𝑁
−62.49 𝑘𝑁𝑚
𝑒𝑐𝑐𝑦 = |∑ 𝑀𝑦 /𝑁𝑝 | = | | = 0.0854 𝑚 = 85.4 𝑚𝑚
731.81 𝑘𝑁

𝒆𝒄𝒄𝒙 = 𝟏𝟐𝟐. 𝟑 𝒎𝒎 < 𝟑𝟓𝟎 𝒎𝒎 = 𝑳𝒙 /𝟔

𝒆𝒄𝒄𝒚 = 𝟖𝟓. 𝟒 𝒎𝒎 < 𝟑𝟎𝟎 𝒎𝒎 = 𝑳𝒚 /𝟔

Internal Forces and Moments

(𝐿𝑥 − 𝐵𝑥 ) 2.1 𝑚 − 0.5 𝑚
𝐿𝑐𝑓−𝑓𝑒−𝑥 = = = 0.80 𝑚
2 2

(𝐿𝑦 − 𝐵𝑦 ) 1.8 𝑚 − 0.25 𝑚

𝐿𝑐𝑓−𝑓𝑒−𝑦 = = = 0.775 𝑚
2 2
 Page - 22

∆𝜎𝑥 𝜎𝑚𝑎𝑥 − 𝜎𝑛−𝑥 316.40 𝑘𝑃𝑎 − 181.12 𝑘𝑃𝑎

= = = 64.47 𝑘𝑃𝑎/𝑚
∆𝑥 𝐿𝑥 2.1 𝑚

∆𝜎𝑦 𝜎𝑚𝑎𝑥 − 𝜎𝑛−𝑦 316.40 𝑘𝑃𝑎 − 206.18 𝑘𝑃𝑎

= = = 61.23 𝑘𝑃𝑎/𝑚
∆𝑥 𝐿𝑦 1.8 𝑚

Stress, shear, and moment at column face with normal parallel to x-direction;

∆𝜎𝑥
𝜎𝑐𝑓−𝑥 = 𝜎𝑛−𝑥 + (𝐿𝑥 − 𝐿𝑐𝑓−𝑓𝑒−𝑥 ) ∗
∆𝑥
𝑘𝑃𝑎
𝜎𝑐𝑓−𝑥 = 181.12 𝑘𝑃𝑎 + (2.1 𝑚 − 0.80 𝑚) ∗ 64.47 = 𝟐𝟔𝟒. 𝟖𝟐 𝒌𝑷𝒂
𝑚
𝑐
𝑊𝑐𝑠−𝑥 = 𝐿𝑦 ∗ 𝐿𝑐𝑓−𝑓𝑒−𝑥 ∗ (𝐻 ∗ 𝛾𝑐 + 𝐻𝑓𝑖𝑙𝑙 ∗ 𝛾𝑠 )

𝑐
𝑘𝑁 𝑘𝑁
𝑊𝑐𝑠−𝑥 = 1.8 𝑚 ∗ 0.80 𝑚 ∗ (0.6 𝑚 ∗ 25 3
+ 0.7 𝑚 ∗ 18 3 ) = 39.74 𝑘𝑁
𝑚 𝑚
𝐿𝑐𝑓−𝑓𝑒−𝑥 𝑐
𝑉𝑐𝑓−𝑥 = 𝐿𝑦 ∗ ( 𝜎𝑐𝑓−𝑥 ∗ 𝐿𝑐𝑓−𝑓𝑒−𝑥 + (𝜎𝑚𝑎𝑥 − 𝜎𝑐𝑓−𝑥 ) ∗ ) − 𝑊𝑐𝑠−𝑥
2
0.80 𝑚
𝑉𝑐𝑓−𝑥 = 1.8 𝑚 ∗ (264.82 𝑘𝑃𝑎 ∗ 0.80 𝑚 + (316.40 𝑘𝑃𝑎 − 264.82 𝑘𝑃𝑎) ∗ ) − 39.74 𝑘𝑁
2
= 𝟑𝟕𝟖. 𝟕𝟒 𝒌𝑵

1 2
𝑀𝑐𝑓−𝑥 = 𝐿𝑦 ∗ (𝜎𝑐𝑓−𝑥 ∗ 𝐿𝑐𝑓−𝑓𝑒−𝑥 2 + (𝜎𝑚𝑎𝑥 − 𝜎𝑐𝑓−𝑥 ) ∗ 𝐿𝑐𝑓−𝑓𝑒−𝑥 2 ) − 𝑊𝑐𝑠−𝑥
𝑐
∗ 𝐿𝑐𝑓−𝑓𝑒−𝑥 /2
2 6
1 2
𝑀𝑐𝑓−𝑥 = 1.8 𝑚 ∗ (264.82 𝑘𝑃𝑎 ∗ (0.80 𝑚)2 + (316.40 𝑘𝑃𝑎 − 264.82 𝑘𝑃𝑎) ∗ (0.80 𝑚)2 )
2 6
0.80 𝑚
− 39.74𝑘𝑁 ∗ = 𝟏𝟓𝟔. 𝟒𝟓 𝒌𝑵𝒎
2

Stress, shear, and moment at column face with normal parallel to y-direction;

∆𝜎𝑦
𝜎𝑐𝑓−𝑦 = 𝜎𝑛−𝑦 + (𝐿𝑦 − 𝐿𝑐𝑓−𝑓𝑒−𝑦 ) ∗
∆𝑦

𝑘𝑃𝑎
𝜎𝑐𝑓−𝑦 = 206.18 𝑘𝑃𝑎 + (1.8 𝑚 − 0.775 𝑚) ∗ 61.23 = 𝟐𝟔𝟖. 𝟗𝟒 𝒌𝑷𝒂
𝑚
𝑐
𝑊𝑐𝑠−𝑦 = 𝐿𝑥 ∗ 𝐿𝑐𝑓−𝑓𝑒−𝑦 ∗ (𝐻 ∗ 𝛾𝑐 + 𝐻𝑓𝑖𝑙𝑙 ∗ 𝛾𝑠 )

𝑐
𝑘𝑁 𝑘𝑁
𝑊𝑐𝑠−𝑦 = 2.1 𝑚 ∗ 0.775 𝑚 ∗ (0.6 𝑚 ∗ 25 3
+ 0.7 𝑚 ∗ 18 3 ) = 44.92 𝑘𝑁
𝑚 𝑚
𝐿𝑐𝑓−𝑓𝑒−𝑦 𝑐
𝑉𝑐𝑓−𝑦 = 𝐿𝑥 ∗ (𝜎𝑐𝑓−𝑦 ∗ 𝐿𝑐𝑓−𝑓𝑒−𝑦 + (𝜎𝑚𝑎𝑥 − 𝜎𝑐𝑓−𝑦 ) ∗ ) − 𝑊𝑐𝑠−𝑦
2
0.75 𝑚
𝑉𝑐𝑓−𝑦 = 2.1 𝑚 ∗ (268.94 𝑘𝑃𝑎 ∗ 0.75 𝑚 + (316.40 𝑘𝑃𝑎 − 268.94 𝑘𝑃𝑎) ∗ )
2
− 44.92 𝑘𝑁 = 𝟒𝟑𝟏. 𝟒𝟎 𝒌𝑵
 Page - 23

1 2
𝑀𝑐𝑓−𝑦 = 𝐿𝑥 ∗ (𝜎𝑐𝑓−𝑦 ∗ 𝐿𝑐𝑓−𝑓𝑒−𝑦 2 + (𝜎𝑚𝑎𝑥 − 𝜎𝑐𝑓−𝑦 ) ∗ 𝐿𝑐𝑓−𝑓𝑒−𝑦 2 ) − 𝑊𝑐𝑠−𝑦
𝑐
∗ 𝐿𝑐𝑓−𝑓𝑒−𝑦 /2
2 6
1 2
𝑀𝑐𝑓−𝑦 = 2.1 𝑚 ∗ (268.94 𝑘𝑃𝑎 ∗ (0.775 𝑚)2 + (316.40 𝑘𝑃𝑎 − 268.94 𝑘𝑃𝑎) ∗ (0.775 𝑚)2 )
2 6
0.775 𝑚
− 44.92 𝑘𝑁 ∗ = 𝟏𝟕𝟐. 𝟏𝟔 𝒌𝑵𝒎
2

Bending Design
With the above calculated internal moments, bending reinforcement design is conducted with the
cantilever beam assumption.

The resulting bottom rebar distribution:

X- direction bottom rebar 8 φ 16 / 200

Y-direction bottom rebar 9 φ 16 / 200

Effective Depth
Φ𝑥 16 𝑚𝑚
𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑓−𝑥 = ℎ + ℎ𝑡𝑎𝑝𝑒𝑟 − 𝑑𝑐𝑐 − = 0.6 𝑚 + 0 𝑚 − 0.04 𝑚 − = 𝟎. 𝟓𝟓𝟐 𝒎
2 2
Φ𝑦 16 𝑚𝑚
𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑓−𝑦 = ℎ + ℎ𝑡𝑎𝑝𝑒𝑟 − 𝑑𝑐𝑐 − Φ𝑥 − = 0.6 𝑚 + 0 𝑚 − 0.04 𝑚 − 16 𝑚𝑚 − = 𝟎. 𝟓𝟑𝟔 𝒎
2 2
1
𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑓−𝑎𝑣𝑔 = (𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑓−𝑥 + 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑓−𝑦 ) = 𝟎. 𝟓𝟒𝟒 𝒎
2

Shear Capacity
𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑐 = [𝐶𝑅𝑑,𝑐 𝑘(100𝜌𝑙 𝑓𝑐𝑘 )1/3 + 𝑘1 𝜎𝑐𝑝 ]𝑏𝑤 𝑑

200 200 200

𝑘 =1+ √ ≤ 2.0; 𝑘𝑥 = 1 + √ = 1.60 ; 𝑘𝑦 = 1 + √ = 1.61
𝑑 552 𝑚𝑚 536 𝑚𝑚

𝐴𝑠𝑙 1608.50 𝑚𝑚² 1809.56 𝑚𝑚²

𝜌𝑙 = 𝑏𝑤 𝑑
; 𝜌𝑙−𝑥 = 1800 𝑚𝑚∗552 𝑚𝑚
= 0.00162 ; 𝜌𝑙−𝑦 = 2100 𝑚𝑚∗536 𝑚𝑚
= 0.00161

1
𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑐−𝑥 = [0.12 ∗ 1.60 ∗ (100 ∗ 0.00162 ∗ 30 𝑀𝑃𝑎)3 + 0] ∗ 1800 𝑚𝑚 ∗ 552 𝑚𝑚 ÷ 1000 =
= 323.45 𝑘𝑁
1
𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑐−𝑌 = [0.12 ∗ 1.61 ∗ (100 ∗ 0.00161 ∗ 30 𝑀𝑃𝑎)3 + 0] ∗ 2100 𝑚𝑚 ∗ 536 𝑚𝑚 ÷ 1000
= 326.59𝑘𝑁
1
𝑉𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.035 𝑘 3/2 ∗ 𝑓𝑐𝑘 2
3 1
𝑉𝑚𝑖𝑛−𝑥 ∗ 𝑏𝑤 ∗ 𝑑 = 0.035 ∗ 1.602 ∗ 30 𝑀𝑃𝑎2 ∗ 1800 𝑚𝑚 ∗ 552 𝑚𝑚 ÷ 1000 = 386.19 𝑘𝑁
3 1
𝑉𝑚𝑖𝑛−𝑦 ∗ 𝑏𝑤 ∗ 𝑑 = 0.035 ∗ 1.612 ∗ 30 𝑀𝑃𝑎2 ∗ 2100 𝑚𝑚 ∗ 536 𝑚𝑚 ÷ 1000 = 441.16 𝑘𝑁
 Page - 24

𝑉𝑐−𝑥 = 𝑀𝑎𝑥(𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑐−𝑥 , 𝑉𝑚𝑖𝑛−𝑥 ∗ 𝑏𝑤 ∗ 𝑑 ) = 386.19 𝑘𝑁

𝑉𝑐−𝑦 = 𝑀𝑎𝑥(𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑐−𝑦 , 𝑉𝑚𝑖𝑛−𝑦 ∗ 𝑏𝑤 ∗ 𝑑 ) = 441.16 𝑘𝑁

Shear Check
𝑉𝑐𝑓−𝑥 = 378.74 𝑘𝑁 < 386.19 𝑘𝑁 = 𝑉𝑐−𝑥 √

𝑉𝑐𝑓−𝑦 = 431.40 𝑘𝑁 < 441.16 𝑘𝑁 = 𝑉𝑐−𝑦 √

Punching Check
From the column face to a distance 2d away from the column face, control perimeters are evaluated:
(at 0.2d intervals). The maximum demand/capacity ratio determines critical control distance. Once the
control perimeter reaches the footing boundaries, demand is always zero.

a (m) Column Pos. β Perimeter (m) Area (m²) Vpc (kN) Vpd (kN) Vpd/Vpc
0.1088 Interior 1.5170 2.183 0.2 4636.16 1051.64 0.227
0.2176 Interior 1.361 2.867 0.475 3043.79 870.83 0.286
0.3264 Interior 1.278 3.55 0.824 2513.00 731.33 0.291
0.4352 Interior 1.226 4.234 1.248 2247.60 601.19 0.267
0.544 Interior 1.191 4.918 1.746 2088.37 469.05 0.225
0.6528 Interior 1.165 5.601 2.318 1982.21 329.81 0.166
0.7616 Interior 1.146 6.285 2.964 1906.38 180.84 0.095
0.8704 Corner 1.004 7.8 3.78 2070.08 0.00 0.000
0.9792 Corner 1.004 7.8 3.78 2070.08 0.00 0.000
1.088 Corner 1.004 7.8 3.78 2070.08 0.00 0.000

Critical Control distance: 0.3264 m from column periphery

 Page - 25

Pad Footing Report (ProtaStructure Output)

Pad Footing Report

F-GC1 Design Summary

Footing Materials

Concrete Material C30/37

Rebar Material Grade 500 (Type 2)

Geometric Properties

LX 2100 mm

LY 1800 mm

Height 600 mm

Taper Height 0 mm

Corner Stresses

Lower-Left Corner 316.4 kN/m2

Lower-Right Corner 181.0 kN/m2

Upper-Right Corner 70.8 kN/m2

Upper-Left Corner 206.2 kN/m2

Loading Info
Combinations N Vx Vy Mx My

Comb #Env 627.48 kN 67.59 kN 27.82 kN -49.0 kN.m -45.8 kN.m

Soil Stress Check

 Page - 26

N : Axial Load Of Combination

∑N : Total Axial Load

TW : Total Weight of Footing

h : Footing Depth

htaper : Taper Height

Ecc1 : Column Eccentricity in X Direction

Ecc2 : Column Eccentricity in Y Direction

∑Mx : Total Moment in X Direction

∑My : Total Moment in Y Direction

Total footing, soil and pedestal weight is calculated.

Member Volume (m3) Unit Weight (kN/m3) Weight (kN)

Pad Footing : 2.27 25 56.7

Soil : 2.65 18 47.628

Total : 104.328

ΣN = N + TW

ΣMx=Mx + Vx (h - htaper) + Ecc1 N

ΣMy=My + Vy (h - htaper) + Ecc2 N

Corner stresses,

σ1 = ΣN / LxLy - 6 ΣMx / (LxLy²) - 6 ΣMy / (Lx²Ly)

σ2 = ΣN / LxLy + 6 ΣMx / (LxLy²) - 6 ΣMy / (Lx²Ly)

σ3 = ΣN / LxLy + 6 ΣMx / (LxLy²) + 6 ΣMy / (Lx²Ly)

σ4 = ΣN / LxLy - 6 ΣMx / (LxLy²) + 6 ΣMy / (Lx²Ly)

ΣMx ΣMy σ1 σ2 σ3 σ4
Comb ΣN (kN)
(kN.m) (kN.m) (kN/m2) (kN/m2) (kN/m2) (kN/m2)

Comb #Env - GC1 731.81 -89.6 -62.5 316.4 181.0 70.8 206.2

Demand Capacity Status

Maximum Soil Stress: 316.4 kN/m2 Allowable Maximum Soil Stress: 357.1 kN/m2 √
 Page - 27

Eccentricity Check
Comb Direction Moment (kN.m) Axial Load (kN) Eccentricity (M/N) Limit (L/6) Status

Comb #Env - GC1 X -89.6 731.81 122 mm 350 mm ✓

Y -62.5 731.81 85 mm 300 mm ✓

Punching Check
Vpd : Punching Demand (At Critical Control Perimeter)

Vpc : Punching Capacity (At Critical Control Perimeter)

CRd,c : Parameter based on selected National Annex, (Suggested value : 0.12)

k : Factor for punching resistance calculation

ρ : Flexural Reinforcement Ratio

fck : Concrete Characteristic Compressive Strength

vmin : Minimum punching resistance (expression 6.3N)

d : Effective Depth

a : Distance from the column periphery to the control perimeter

ac : Critical Control Distance for Punching

Ved,red : Concentric punching demand due to applied shear force minus net upwards force due to soil pressure

u : Control Perimeter

kpunching : Coefficient dependent on the ratio between column dimensions

W : Shear distribution coefficient

Punching check will be conducted for control perimeters up to 2d distance from the column periphery. EN 1992-1-1:2004 (6.4.4)
(2)

Vpc = CRd,ck(100ρfck)1/3 * 2d/a ≤ vmin * 2d/a (6.50)

CRd,c = 0.18 / γ c; k = 1 + (200/d)(1/2) ≤ 2.0

k = 1 + (200/d)^(1/2) ≤ 2.0 =

ρ = (ρx * ρy)(1/2) * ρf ≤ 0.02

ρ = 0.0019

dx = h + h taper-ϕ x/2 ; dy = h + h taper-ϕ x-ϕ y/2

d = (dx + dy) / 2 = 544 mm

Vpd = Ved*Asect

Ved = Ved,red/(upd) * [1+ kpunching * (Md * u) / (Ved,red * W)] (6.51)

Ved,red = Ved - ΔVed = ΣN - σs*Acp

 Page - 28

Punching check is performed for each column on footing. The column having minimum capacity/demand ratio is considered for each
combination.

Comb ΣN (kN) Vpd (kN) Vpc (kN) ac (m) D/C

Comb #Env - GC1 731.81 731.33 2513.00 0.3264 0.29

Comparison at Demand / Capacity Critical Control Distance for Punching

Effective Perimeter 731.33 kN / 2513.00 kN 0.3264 m

Shear Check
Vdx-cf : Shear Force On Column Face, X-Direction

Vdy-cf : Shear Force On Column Face, Y-Direction

Vdx-d : Shear Force On Location d Away From Column Face, X-Direction

Vdy-d : Shear Force On Location d Away From Column Face, Y-Direction

Vc-x : Shear capacity of concrete section, X-Direction

Vc-y : Shear capacity of concrete section, Y-Direction

dv1 : Distance from Column Face to Footing Edge

dv2 : Distance from Location d Away From Column Face to Footing Edge

σcf : Soil stress on column face

σc : Soil stress at nearest corner

σmax : Max. corner stress

Shear capacity is calculated according to Eurocode,

Vc = [Crd,c * k(100 ρl * fck)1/3] * bw * d ≤ Vmin * bw * d

Vmin = 0.035 * k3/2 * fck1/2

Crd,c = 0.18 / γc = 0.12

k = 1 + (200 / d)1/2 ≤ 2.0

bw-x = Ly ; bw-y = Lx

Vc-x = 386.19 kN

Vc-y = 441.16 kN

Vdx-cf = σcf dvx1 Ly + ((σmax - σcf) dvx1 Ly / 2)

Vdy-cf = σcf dvy1 Lx + ((σmax - σcf) dvy1 Lx / 2)

Vdx-d = σcf dvx2 Ly + ((σmax - σcf) dvx2 Ly / 2)

Vdy-d = σcf dvy2 Lx + ((σmax - σcf) dvy2 Lx / 2)

 Page - 29

At Column Face,

X-Direction Y-Direction

Comb Demand (kN) Capacity (kN) Status (kN) Demand (kN) Capacity (kN) Status (kN)

Comb #Env - GC1 378.74 386.19 ✓ 431.40 441.16 ✓

At "d" Distance Away

From Column Face,

X-Direction Y-Direction

Comb Demand (kN) Capacity (kN) Status (kN) Demand (kN) Capacity (kN) Status (kN)

Comb #Env - GC1 125.35 386.19 ✓ 141.28 441.16 ✓

Comparison at Demand / Capacity Status

Column Face in X-Direction 378.74 kN / 386.19 kN √

Column Face in Y-Direction 431.40 kN / 441.16 kN √

Effective Perimeter in X-Direction 125.35 kN / 386.19 kN √

Effective Perimeter in Y-Direction 141.28 kN / 441.16 kN √

Bending Reinforcement Check

Comb Mdx (kN.m) Required Asx (mm2) Mdy (kN.m) Required Asy (mm2)

Comb #Env - GC1 156.4 1518 172.2 1771

Comparison of Design Moment Selected Rebar Required / Provided Status

Reinforcement Area in X-Direction 156.4 kN.m 9ɸ16 / 200 mm 1518 / 1810 mm2 √

Reinforcement Area in Y-Direction 172.2 kN.m 11ɸ16 / 200 mm 1771 / 2212 mm2 √
 Page - 30

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