LESSON PLAN

ON
Cns Stimulants

SUBMITTED BY:- Prerna Arora

Name of the teacher : Prerna

Subject : Psychiatry

Unit :

Topic : CNS Stimulants

Number of students : 20

Method of teaching : Lecture cum discussion

AV Aid : Power point,

Date, Time and Duration of teaching : Date:-

1 hr

Venue : MSc 1 st Year

Previous knowledge of group : The group is having very little knowledge about the topic

GENERAL OBJECTIVES
Teacher will able to learn an understand about the topic CNS Stimulants and teacher will make sure each and every
concept is clear to students

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE
At the end of the presentation the student will be able to –

- Define CNS Stimulant

- Explain Amphetamine
- Explain Methamphetamine
- Explain Methylphenedate
- Explain Pemoline
S Contributory Time Content Teaching Learning activity
r. objectives
N
o
A.V. Teaching Questions to be
Aids Activity asked

Introduction of self Good Afternoon, myself Prerna Arora ,today I am going

to explain CNS Stimulants.

Introduction of the topic
CNS STIMULANTS
Drugs that increase the chemical and electrical activity of Power What are CNS
Lecture cum
the Central Nervous System (CNS) and make the user point Stimulants ?
discussion
more alert, active, anxious, restless and, in general, more
stimulated than normal.
Stimulants (also referred to as psycho stimulants)
are psychoactive drugs which induce temporary
improvements in either mental or physical functions or
both. Examples of these kinds of effects may include
enhanced alertness, wakefulness, and locomotion, among
others. Due to their effects typically having an "up"
quality to them, stimulants are also occasionally referred
to as "uppers".

Examples of common stimulant drugs:

 Methamphetamine
 Amphetamine
  Methylphenidate
 Pemoline

Effects Power Lecture What are the effects of
Explain effects of CNS Stimulants produce a variety of different kinds of effects point CNS stimulants ?
stimulants by enhancing the activity of the central and peripheral
nervous systems. Common effects, which vary depending
on the substance in question, may include
enhanced alertness, awareness, wakefulness, endurance, p
roductivity, and motivation,
increased arousal, locomotion, heart rate, and blood
pressure, and the perception of a diminished requirement
for food and sleep. Many stimulants are also capable of
improving mood and relieving anxiety, and some can
even induce feelings of euphoria.
Explain sign and
symptoms Signs and symptoms:
1- Elevate Mood Power Lecture cum What are sign and
2- Increase Motor Activity point discussion symptoms after taking
3- Increase Alertness CNS Stimulants ?
4- Decrease need for Sleep
In case of overdose lead to convulsion and death.

Medical uses

Stimulants are used both individually and clinically for

therapeutic purposes in the treatment of a number of
indications, including the following:
To counteract lethargy and fatigue throughout the
day while at work or while doing other activities.
To reduce sleepiness and to keep
the person awake when necessary,
 as well as to treat narcolepsy
To decrease appetite and promote weight loss, as
well as to treat obesity.
To improve concentration and focus while at
work or school, especially for those with attention
disorders such as ADHD.
Occasionally, they are also used off-label to
treat clinical depression, more particularly, non-
typical depression and treatment-resistant
depression
Explain Amphetamine Amphetamine
Power Lecture What is
point Amphetamine?
Amphetamine - drugs that stimulates the central nervous
system. Doctors may prescribe amphetamines to treat
hyperactive children. Amphetamines are highly addictive,
however. People who use or abuse amphetamines can
develop a dependence on the drugs, needing larger and
larger doses to get the desired effect. (tolerance)

MOAs :
Block the reuptake of norepinephrine and dopamine
into the presynaptic neuron and increase the release of
these monoamines into the extraneuronal space.

Clinical use:
1. Narcolepsy.
2. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
Adverse effects:
- Cardiovascular: Hypertension (7% to 22%, pediatric )
- Endocrine metabolic: Weight loss (4% to 9%, pediatric;
11%, adults )
 - Gastrointestinal: Abdominal pain (11% to 14%,
pediatrics ), Loss of appetite (22% to 36%), Xerostomia
(35% )
- Neurologic: Headache (26% ), Insomnia (12% to 17%,
pediatric; 27%, adults )
- Psychiatric: Feeling nervous (6% )

Explain Methamphetamine
Methamphetamine • Methamphetamine is a very addictive stimulant Power Lecture What is
that is closely related to amphetamine. It is long point Mehaamphetamine
lasting and toxic to dopamine nerve terminals in ?
the central nervous system.
• It is a white, odorless, bitter-tasting powder taken
orally or by snorting or injecting (HIV risk), or a
rock "crystal" that is heated and smoked.
• Slang names: speed, meth, crystal, crank, tweak,
ice, glass, uppers, black beauties.
• Effects on the body:
- meth causes mind and mood changes such as
anxiety, euphoria, depression, delusional thinking, and
permanent psychological damage.
- meth is as addictive as crack and more powerful
- can cause heart attack and strokes – even for first
time users

- meth permanently damage the heart, liver, kidney, and

the brain
Signs of use: Inability to sleep, nervous, dizziness,
confusion, convulsions, increased HR.

Indication:-
 Attention deficit disorder and hyperactive disorder
  Narcolepsy
 Depression
 Obesity

Adverse effect :-
 Insomnia
 Anorexia
 Dependence
 Nausea
 Growth impairment
 Irritability
 Dizziness
 Nightmares
 Agitation
 Dysphoria

Dosage :-
 Tablets – 5, 10 , 20
 Starting dose – 5 to 10 mg / d
 Average dose – 20 – 30 mg/ d
 Max dose – 60 to 80 mg / d

Explain Methylphenidate
Power Lecture What is
Methylphenidate ? Methylphenidate (trade names Concerta, Methylin,
point Methylphenidate ?
Ritalin, Equasym XL) is drug used for
the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity
disorder (ADHD), narcolepsy.

ADHD and other similar conditions are believed to be

linked to sub-performance of the dopamine and nor
epinephrinefunctions in the brain, primarily in
the prefrontal cortex, responsible for self-
regulatory function (e.g., inhibition, motivation,
and memory)and executive
function (e.g., reasoning, organizing, solving,
and planning).

Methylphenidate acts by blocking the dopamine

transporter and nor epinephrine transporter, leading to
increased concentrations of dopamine and nor
epinephrine within the synaptic cleft. This effect in turn
leads to increased neurotransmission of dopamine and nor
epinephrine.

Uses
• Medical
MPH is a commonly prescribed psycho stimulant and
works by increasing the activity of the central nervous
system . It produces such effects as increasing or
maintaining alertness, combating fatigue, and improving
attention
• Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
• Narcolepsy
Narcolepsy, a chronic sleep disorder characterized by
overwhelming daytime drowsiness and sudden need for
sleep, is treated primarily with stimulants.
Methylphenidate is considered effective in increasing
wakefulness, vigilance, and performance.

Side effects
 Abdominal pain
 Akathisia (restlessness)
 Alopecia (loss of hair)
  Angina (chest pain)
 Appetite loss
 Anxiety/Nervousness
 Blood pressure and pulse changes
 Depression
 Diaphoresis (sweating)
 Dizziness
 Dyskinesia (uncontrol
label tics)
 Euphoria or dysphoria
 Headache
 Hypersensitivity (including skin
rash, fever, dermatitis)
 Irritability
 Lethargy
 Libido increased or decreased
 Mania or hypomania
 Nausea
 Palpitations
 Pupil dilation
 Suicidal ideation
 Tachycardia (rapid resting heart rate)
 Xerostomia (dry mouth)

Explain Pemoline
Pemoline
Lecture What is pemoline ?
Pemoline is a stimulant drug.
It is used as a medication to treat attention-deficit
hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy.
Interactions
Other stimulants and MAOI’s are contraindicated with
pemoline
Liver toxicity
In some patients pemoline is suspected of
causing hepatotoxicity
Overdose
Overdose of pemoline may present
with choreoathetosis symptoms.

Conclusion :
So, CNS stimulants are drugs used to stimulate mind and
its related activities , functions .