Physics

1. Which of the following is not a vector quantity?

a) Force

b) Mass

c) Acceleration

d) Velocity

2. The SI unit of electric charge is:

a) Ampere

b) Coulomb

c) Ohm

d) Farad

3. Which of the following is an example of a scalar quantity?

a) Force

b) Velocity

c) Speed

d) Acceleration

4. What is the SI unit of power?

a) Watt

b) Joule

c) Newton

d) Ohm
5. What is the SI unit of frequency?

a) Hertz

b) Newton

c) Pascal

d) Watt

6. Which of the following is the correct formula for Ohm's Law?

a) V = IR

b) I = VR

c) R = VI

d) R = V/I

7. The speed of light in vacuum is approximately:

a) 300,000 km/s

b) 3,000,000 m/s

c) 300,000 m/s

d) 30,000,000 km/s

8. The phenomenon of bending of light when it passes from one medium to another is called:

a) Reflection

b) Refraction

c) Diffraction

d) Dispersion

9. The force experienced by a unit positive charge placed at a point in an electric field is called:

a) Electric potential

b) Electric resistance

c) Electric current

d) Electric intensity
10. The energy stored in a capacitor is given by the formula:

a) E = 0.5CV^2

b) E = 0.5QV

c) E = 0.5CV

d) E = 0.5Q^2/C

11. In a concave mirror, if the object is placed between the focal point and the mirror, the image formed
is:

a) Real and inverted

b) Virtual and inverted

c) Real and erect

d) Virtual and erect

1. A particle with a charge of +2 μC experiences a force of 8 N in an electric field. What is the strength of
the electric field?

a) 4 × 10^3 N/C

b) 16 × 10^3 N/C

c) 2 × 10^4 N/C

d) 8 × 10^4 N/C

2. A block of mass 5 kg is pushed along a rough surface with a force of 20 N. If the coefficient of friction is
0.4, what is the acceleration of the block?

a) 1 m/s²

b) 2 m/s²

c) 3 m/s²

d) 4 m/s²
3. A light ray enters a glass slab (n = 1.5) from air (n = 1) at an angle of incidence of 60 degrees. Calculate
the angle of refraction.

a) 30 degrees

b) 45 degrees

c) 60 degrees

d) 90 degrees

4. A 50 ohm resistor and a 30 ohm resistor are connected in parallel. What is the equivalent resistance of
the combination?

a) 80 ohms

b) 35 ohms

c) 20 ohms

d) 15 ohms

5. A coil with an inductance of 0.2 H and a resistance of 10 ohms is connected to a 12 V battery. Calculate
the time constant of the circuit.

a) 0.2 s

b) 1.2 s

c) 2.0 s

d) 10.2 s

6. An object of mass 2 kg is thrown vertically upward with an initial velocity of 20 m/s. What is the
maximum height it reaches? (Take g = 10 m/s²)

a) 20 m

b) 40 m

c) 80 m
d) 100 m

7. A rocket accelerates from rest at a rate of 30 m/s² for 10 seconds. What is its final velocity?

a) 300 m/s

b) 200 m/s

c) 30 m/s

d) 3 m/s

8. A converging lens has a focal length of 15 cm. An object is placed 10 cm away from the lens.
Determine the position of the image formed.

a) 30 cm

b) 20 cm

c) 15 cm

d) 10 cm

9. A wire of length 2 m and resistance 5 ohms is stretched to double its original length. What is its new
resistance?

a) 5 ohms

b) 10 ohms

c) 20 ohms

d) 40 ohms

10. An alternating current of 5 A rms flows through a resistor of 10 ohms. Calculate the peak voltage
across the resistor.

a) 5 V

b) 10 V
c) 15 V

d) 25 V

12. The quantity of matter contained in an object is called:

a) Weight

b) Volume

c) Mass

d) Density

13. When a body is partially or wholly immersed in a fluid, it experiences an upward force called:

a) Tension

b) Gravity

c) Buoyant force

d) Frictional force

14. The quantity of electricity is measured in:

a) Ampere-hours

b) Joules

c) Coulombs

d) Volts

15. The unit of magnetic flux is:

a) Tesla

b) Weber

c) Gauss

d) Henry

16. The magnitude of the gravitational force between two masses depends on:
 a) The mass of one of the objects

b) The distance between the objects

c) The speed of the objects

d) The volume of the objects

17. The resistance of a conductor depends on:

a) Length and diameter

b) Material and length

c) Temperature and length

d) Material and temperature

18. When a force is applied to an object in the direction of its motion, the work done is:

a) Positive

b) Negative

c) Zero

d) Indeterminate

19. The process by which an atom loses or gains electrons is called:

a) Ionization

b) Polarization

c) Electrolysis

d) Ionization

20. Which of the following statements about nuclear fusion is true?

a) It involves the splitting of heavy nuclei

b) It releases energy by combining light nuclei

c) It is the process behind nuclear fission

d) It does not occur naturally on Earth

21. The principle of conservation of energy states that:

a) Energy can neither be created nor destroyed

b) Energy can be created but not destroyed

c) Energy can be destroyed but not created

d) Energy is always increasing in the universe

22. The law of conservation of momentum states that:

a) Momentum can neither be created nor destroyed

b) Momentum can be created but not destroyed

c) Momentum can be destroyed but not created

d) Momentum is always increasing in the universe

23. When a wave travels from one medium to another and its speed changes, the phenomenon is called:

a) Reflection

b) Refraction

c) Diffraction

d) Interference

24. The SI unit of pressure is:

a) Pascal

b) Newton

c) Joule

d) Watt

25. The force exerted by a spring is directly proportional to its displacement from the equilibrium
position. This statement is known as:

a) Hooke's Law

b) Newton's Third Law

c) Ohm's Law
 d) Boyle's Law

26. Which of the following is an example of a longitudinal wave?

a) Light wave

b) Sound wave

c) Water wave

d) Radio wave

27. Which of the following is true about a convex lens?

a) It can only form virtual images

b) It can only form real images

c) It can form both real and virtual images

d) It cannot form images

28. The force experienced by a charged particle moving in a magnetic field is given by:

a) Lorentz force law

b) Coulomb's law

c) Newton's law

d) Ampere's law

29. Which of the following statements about the photoelectric effect is true?

a) It can be explained by classical wave theory

b) It involves the emission of electrons from a metal surface when light shines on it

c) It occurs only with visible light

d) It does not depend on the frequency of incident light

30. The process by which a substance changes directly from a solid to a gas without passing through the
liquid phase is called:

a) Melting
 b) Sublimation

c) Evaporation

d) Condensation

31. The unit of electric potential difference is:

a) Volt

b) Ohm

c) Ampere

d) Coulomb

32. Which of the following statements about electromagnetism is true?

a) Electric fields are produced by stationary charges, while magnetic fields are produced by moving
charges

b) Electric fields are produced by moving charges, while magnetic fields are produced by stationary
charges

c) Electric and magnetic fields are always produced together

d) Electric and magnetic fields are completely independent of each other

33. The efficiency of a machine is defined as:

a) Output work divided by input work, multiplied by 100%

b) Input work divided by output work, multiplied by 100%

c) Output work divided by input work

d) Input work divided by output work

34. A car accelerates uniformly from rest to a speed of 25 m/s in 10 seconds. What is its acceleration?

a) 2.5 m/s²

b) 5 m/s²

c) 10 m/s²
d) 25 m/s²

35. A force of 50 N acts on an object, causing it to accelerate at a rate of 5 m/s². What is the mass of the
object?

a) 5 kg

b) 10 kg

c) 25 kg

d) 250 kg

36. A 2 kg object is dropped from a height of 20 meters. What is its gravitational potential energy just
before it hits the ground? (Take g = 9.8 m/s²)

a) 196 J

b) 392 J

c) 784 J

d) 980 J

37. A 10 ohm resistor carries a current of 2 A. What is the voltage across the resistor?

a) 2 V

b) 5 V

c) 10 V

d) 20 V

38. A wire of resistance 4 ohms is connected across a 12 V battery. What current flows through the wire?

a) 3 A

b) 6 A
c) 12 A

d) 48 A

39. A capacitor of capacitance 8 μF is connected to a 24 V battery. How much charge does the capacitor
store?

a) 3 μC

b) 16 μC

c) 192 μC

d) 288 μC

40. A convex lens has a focal length of 20 cm. An object is placed 30 cm away from the lens. What is the
magnification produced by the lens?

a) -0.5

b) -1.0

c) 0.5

d) 1.0

41. A concave mirror has a focal length of -15 cm. An object is placed 10 cm away from the mirror.
Calculate the image distance.

a) -30 cm

b) -20 cm

c) 20 cm

d) 30 cm

42. A force of 20 N is applied to move an object a distance of 5 meters. How much work is done?

a) 4 J
b) 10 J

c) 20 J

d) 100 J

43. A spring has a spring constant of 100 N/m. If a force of 50 N is applied to stretch the spring, how
much will it stretch?

a) 0.5 m

b) 1 m

c) 2 m

d) 5 m

44. An electrical appliance consumes 500 W of power when connected to a 220 V supply. What is the
current flowing through it?

a) 2.27 A

b) 11.36 A

c) 220 A

d) 500 A

45. A wave has a frequency of 50 Hz and a wavelength of 2 m. Calculate the speed of the wave.

a) 25 m/s

b) 50 m/s

c) 100 m/s

d) 200 m/s

46. A ball is thrown vertically upward with a speed of 20 m/s. How high does it go before it starts to fall?
(Take g = 9.8 m/s²)
a) 20 m

b) 40 m

c) 80 m

d) 160 m

47. An electric motor does 500 J of work in 10 seconds. What is the power of the motor?

a) 50 W

b) 100 W

c) 250 W

d) 500 W

48. A car travels a distance of 100 meters in 20 seconds. What is its average speed?

a) 5 m/s

b) 10 m/s

c) 20 m/s

d) 100 m/s

49. A block of mass 2 kg is moving with a velocity of 4 m/s. What is its kinetic energy?

a) 4 J

b) 8 J

c) 16 J

d) 32 J

50. A satellite orbits the Earth at an altitude of 400 km. What is its orbital speed? (Take the radius of
Earth as 6400 km)
a) 5 km/s

b) 6.4 km/s

c) 7 km/s

d) 8 km/s

11. A capacitor is charged to a potential difference of 100 V and stores 200 μC of charge. What is its
capacitance?

a) 2 μF

b) 4 μF

c) 6 μF

d) 8 μF

12. A car accelerates from rest to a speed of 30 m/s in 6 seconds. What is the magnitude of its
acceleration?

a) 1 m/s²

b) 5 m/s²

c) 10 m/s²

d) 15 m/s²

13. A ball is thrown horizontally from a height of 20 meters with a velocity of 10 m/s. How far does it
travel horizontally before hitting the ground? (Neglect air resistance)

a) 10 m

b) 20 m

c) 40 m

d) 80 m
14. A 12 V battery is connected to three resistors in series: 4 ohms, 6 ohms, and 8 ohms. What is the
total current flowing from the battery?

a) 0.5 A

b) 1 A

c) 1.5 A

d) 2 A

15. A force of 100 N is applied to a body of mass 10 kg moving along a straight line. If the force acts for 5
seconds, what is the change in momentum of the body?

a) 500 kg m/s

b) 1000 kg m/s

c) 2000 kg m/s

d) 5000 kg m/s

16. A wire of resistance 8 ohms is bent to form a square. What is the resistance across one diagonal of
the square?

a) 2 ohms

b) 4 ohms

c) 8 ohms

d) 16 ohms

17. A concave mirror has a focal length of -20 cm. If an object is placed 10 cm from the mirror, determine
the position of the image.

a) -10 cm

b) -20 cm

c) -40 cm
d) -60 cm

18. A rocket of mass 1000 kg is launched vertically upward with an initial velocity of 100 m/s. What is the
maximum height it reaches? (Take g = 10 m/s²)

a) 1000 m

b) 2000 m

c) 3000 m

d) 4000 m

19. A coil has an inductance of 0.1 H and carries a current of 5 A. Calculate the magnetic flux through the
coil if it has 500 turns.

a) 0.05 Wb

b) 0.25 Wb

c) 0.50 Wb

d) 2.50 Wb

20. A light ray travels from air (n = 1) into water (n = 1.33) at an angle of incidence of 45 degrees.
Calculate the angle of refraction.

a) 26.57 degrees

b) 30 degrees

c) 36.87 degrees

d) 45 degrees

21. A block of ice with a mass of 2 kg at -10°C is heated until it becomes water at 0°C. Determine the
amount of heat absorbed by the ice. (Specific heat capacity of ice = 2100 J/kg°C, specific heat capacity of
water = 4200 J/kg°C, latent heat of fusion of ice = 3.36 × 10^5 J/kg)
a) 84 kJ

b) 420 kJ

c) 588 kJ

d) 840 kJ

22. A car travels around a circular track with a radius of 100 meters at a constant speed of 20 m/s.
Calculate the magnitude of its centripetal acceleration.

a) 4 m/s²

b) 8 m/s²

c) 16 m/s²

d) 20 m/s²

23. An electric heater consumes 500 J of electrical energy per second. If the efficiency of the heater is
80%, how much useful heat is produced in 5 minutes?

a) 150 kJ

b) 180 kJ

c) 200 kJ

d) 250 kJ

24. A wave has a frequency of 100 Hz and a wavelength of 2 meters. Determine the period of the wave.

a) 0.01 s

b) 0.02 s

c) 0.1 s

d) 0.2 s

25. A charged particle moves with a velocity of 5 m/s in a magnetic field of 0.5 T perpendicular to the
field. Calculate the magnitude of the force experienced by the particle.
a) 0.025 N

b) 0.050 N

c) 0.125 N

d) 0.250 N

26. A rocket of mass 1000 kg is moving with a velocity of 100 m/s. If the engine of the rocket exerts a
force of 5000 N backward for 10 seconds, what is the final velocity of the rocket?

a) 500 m/s

b) 750 m/s

c) 1000 m/s

d) 1500 m/s

27. A pendulum has a length of 2 meters. Calculate its period of oscillation if it is displaced from the
vertical by 10 degrees.

a) 0.4 s

b) 0.8 s

c) 1.2 s

d) 1.6 s

28. A light ray passes from glass (n = 1.5) into water (n = 1.33) at an angle of incidence of 60 degrees.
Calculate the critical angle for total internal reflection.

a) 30 degrees

b) 45 degrees

c) 60 degrees

d) 90 degrees
29. A coil has an inductance of 0.2 H and a resistance of 5 ohms. Determine the time constant of the coil.

a) 0.04 s

b) 0.10 s

c) 0.20 s

d) 0.40 s

30. An object is placed 20 cm in front of a convex lens of focal length 10 cm. Determine the position and
nature of the image formed.

a) 20 cm, real

b) 20 cm, virtual

c) -20 cm, real

d) -20 cm, virtual

1. A beam of electrons is accelerated through a potential difference of 100 V. Calculate the kinetic energy
of each electron.

a) 1.6 × 10^-19 J

b) 1.6 × 10^-17 J

c) 1.6 × 10^-15 J

d) 1.6 × 10^-13 J

2. An electron moves in a uniform magnetic field of 0.5 T with a velocity of 5 × 10^6 m/s perpendicular
to the field. Calculate the radius of its circular path.

a) 0.1 m

b) 0.2 m

c) 0.3 m
d) 0.4 m

3. Calculate the de Broglie wavelength of an electron moving with a velocity of 1 × 10^6 m/s.

a) 1.22 × 10^-10 m

b) 2.44 × 10^-10 m

c) 4.88 × 10^-10 m

d) 9.76 × 10^-10 m

4. An electron is located in the n = 3 energy level of a hydrogen atom. Calculate its energy in joules. (Take
the Rydberg constant R = 2.18 × 10^-18 J)

a) -5.45 × 10^-19 J

b) -2.73 × 10^-19 J

c) -1.82 × 10^-19 J

d) -9.09 × 10^-20 J

5. If an electron is placed in an electric field of 500 N/C, what force does it experience?

a) 8.0 × 10^-19 N

b) 1.6 × 10^-16 N

c) 3.2 × 10^-14 N

d) 6.4 × 10^-12 N

6. An electron is moving in a straight line with a velocity of 3 × 10^7 m/s. Calculate its de Broglie
wavelength.

a) 2.2 × 10^-11 m

b) 4.4 × 10^-11 m
c) 6.6 × 10^-11 m

d) 8.8 × 10^-11 m

7. Calculate the maximum kinetic energy of photoelectrons emitted from a metal surface when light of
wavelength 500 nm falls on it. (Take Planck's constant h = 6.63 × 10^-34 J·s and the speed of light c = 3 ×
10^8 m/s)

a) 2.65 × 10^-19 J

b) 5.30 × 10^-19 J

c) 1.06 × 10^-18 J

d) 2.12 × 10^-18 J

8. An electron is accelerated from rest through a potential difference of 1000 V. Calculate its final
velocity.

a) 5.3 × 10^6 m/s

b) 1.1 × 10^7 m/s

c) 2.2 × 10^7 m/s

d) 4.4 × 10^7 m/s

9. Determine the work function of a metal if light of wavelength 300 nm causes photoelectrons to be
emitted with a maximum kinetic energy of 2.0 × 10^-19 J.

a) 3.31 eV

b) 4.13 eV

c) 5.47 eV

d) 6.62 eV

10. An electron moves in a circular orbit of radius 0.1 nm around a nucleus. Calculate the velocity of the
electron in the orbit.
a) 4.2 × 10^6 m/s

b) 8.4 × 10^6 m/s

c) 1.7 × 10^7 m/s

d) 3.4 × 10^7 m/s

Sure, here are 30 more challenging Grade Twelve Physics questions related to electrons:

11. An electron moves perpendicular to a magnetic field of 0.3 T with a velocity of 2 × 10^6 m/s.
Calculate the magnitude of the force experienced by the electron.

a) 1.2 × 10^-13 N

b) 1.8 × 10^-13 N

c) 3.6 × 10^-13 N

d) 5.4 × 10^-13 N

12. If the de Broglie wavelength of an electron is 1 × 10^-10 m, what is its momentum?

a) 6.63 × 10^-25 kg m/s

b) 3.31 × 10^-25 kg m/s

c) 1.66 × 10^-25 kg m/s

d) 8.31 × 10^-26 kg m/s

13. Calculate the energy required to excite an electron from the n = 2 to the n = 4 energy level in a
hydrogen atom. (Take the Rydberg constant R = 2.18 × 10^-18 J)

a) 1.09 × 10^-18 J

b) 2.18 × 10^-18 J

c) 3.27 × 10^-18 J

d) 4.36 × 10^-18 J
14. An electron is moving in a magnetic field of 0.4 T with a velocity of 5 × 10^5 m/s. Calculate the radius
of its helical path if the angle between the velocity vector and the magnetic field vector is 30 degrees.

a) 0.1 m

b) 0.2 m

c) 0.3 m

d) 0.4 m

15. Calculate the wavelength of an electron accelerated through a potential difference of 100 V.

a) 12.3 nm

b) 24.6 nm

c) 49.2 nm

d) 98.4 nm

16. Determine the minimum wavelength of light required to eject photoelectrons from a metal with a
work function of 3.2 eV.

a) 387 nm

b) 516 nm

c) 774 nm

d) 1032 nm

17. An electron moves in a circular orbit of radius 0.1 nm around a nucleus. Calculate the centripetal
force acting on the electron.

a) 8.19 × 10^-10 N

b) 1.64 × 10^-9 N

c) 3.28 × 10^-9 N
d) 6.56 × 10^-9 N

18. Calculate the energy of an electron in the n = 3 energy level of a hydrogen atom.

a) -1.51 × 10^-19 J

b) -3.40 × 10^-19 J

c) -5.45 × 10^-19 J

d) -9.12 × 10^-19 J

19. An electron with a velocity of 3 × 10^6 m/s enters a region of uniform electric field of 1000 N/C
perpendicular to its velocity. Calculate the force experienced by the electron.

a) 4.8 × 10^-16 N

b) 9.6 × 10^-16 N

c) 1.2 × 10^-15 N

d) 2.4 × 10^-15 N

20. Calculate the energy of a photon of light with a wavelength of 400 nm.

a) 1.24 eV

b) 2.48 eV

c) 3.10 eV

d) 4.96 eV

21. An electron with a kinetic energy of 4.8 eV is incident on a metal surface. If the work function of the
metal is 3.2 eV, will any photoelectrons be emitted?

a) Yes

b) No
22. Calculate the wavelength associated with an electron moving with a velocity of 2 × 10^7 m/s.

a) 6.63 × 10^-12 m

b) 1.32 × 10^-11 m

c) 2.64 × 10^-11 m

d) 5.28 × 10^-11 m

23. An electron moves with a velocity of 2 × 10^6 m/s in a magnetic field of 0.4 T. If the angle between
the velocity vector and the magnetic field vector is 60 degrees, calculate the radius of its helical path.

a) 0.2 m

b) 0.4 m

c) 0.6 m

d) 0.8 m

24. Calculate the de Broglie wavelength of an electron moving with a velocity of 5 × 10^6 m/s.

a) 1.32 × 10^-10 m

b) 2.64 × 10^-10 m

c) 5.28 × 10^-10 m

d) 1.06 × 10^-9 m

25. Determine the speed of an electron accelerated through a potential difference of 500 V.

a) 2.17 × 10^6 m/s

b) 4.34 × 10^6 m/s

c) 6.51 × 10^6 m/s

d) 8.68 × 10^6 m/s

26. An electron moves with a velocity of 4 × 10^6 m/s in a magnetic field of 0.5 T. If the angle between
the velocity vector and the magnetic field vector is 45 degrees, calculate the radius of its helical path.

a) 0.1 m

b) 0.2 m

c) 0.3 m

d) 0.4 m

27. Calculate the kinetic energy of an electron with a de Broglie wavelength of 1 × 10^-10 m.

a) 1.32 × 10^-18 J

b) 2.64 × 10^-18 J

c) 5.28 × 10^-18 J

d) 1.06 × 10^-17 J

28. An electron moves in a magnetic field of 0.6 T with a velocity of 3 × 10^6 m/s perpendicular to the
field. Calculate the magnitude of the force experienced by the electron.

a) 5.4 × 10^-13 N

b) 8.1 × 10^-13 N

c) 1.2 × 10^-12 N

d) 1.8 × 10^-12 N

29. Calculate the energy of an electron in the n = 4 energy level of a hydrogen atom.

a) -0.85 × 10^-19 J

b) -1.51 × 10^-19 J

c) -2.55 × 10^-19 J
d) -3.40 × 10^-19 J

30. Determine the wavelength associated with an electron moving with a velocity of 3 × 10^7 m/s.

a) 6.63 × 10^-11 m

b) 1.32 × 10^-10 m

c) 2.64 × 10^-10 m

d) 5.28 × 10^-10 m