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Structure of Atom (अणु ची रचना) - Dompsc
Structure of Atom (अणु ची रचना) - Dompsc
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3. Structure of atom
3.1. Proton
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3.2. Electron
3.3. Neutron
4. Atomic Number
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5. Atomic Mass
6. Electronic Configuration
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7. Valency
8. IsoTopes
9. Isobars
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10. MPSC Chemistry Notes
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Q.What is atom ?
➤Atom is the smallest particle of a any substances which can divide further.
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➤ smallest unit into which matter can be divided without the release of
electrically charged particles
➤The Greek root of atom is atomos, which means "indivisible.
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➤ Born in Gujrat.
➤ He said that each substance is made up of a smallest particle that is
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Parmanu(परमाणु).
➤ He said that every superhuman has specific attributes, which are the same
as the material category it belongs to.
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➤ his peculiar property has made to be called vaisesika sutra.
➤Paramanu or atom belonging to different classes of substance could also
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combine in large numbers., “because of the peculiarily or speciality of
paramanu all things seen in the world are formed” he said..
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✪ Concept of Atom by Dalton ✪
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➤ This model attempts to explain the two properties of atoms known at the
time: electrons are negatively charged particles, and atoms have no net charge.
➤ He refer a body of a atom as a watermelon.
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➤ Rewarded by a Nobel price in 1906.
➤ He assumed that the positive charges are everywhere in atom and negative
charges are stick it on.
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✪ Concept of Atom by Rutherford ✪
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➤The Rutherford model was designed by Ernest Rutherford, a physicist born in
New Zealand, to describe atoms.
➤ Rutherford directed the Geiger-Marsden experiment in 1909. According to
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Rutherford's (1911) analysis, J. J. Thomson's plum pudding model was incorrect.
➤ Non-metals exhibit very low conductivity. Low or non-existent conductivity
is the most important characteristic to distinguish non-metals from metals..
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➤ Rutherford Gold Experiment- A piece of gold foil was hit by positively
charged alpha particles. Most of the alpha particles passed. This shows that
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gold atoms are mostly empty spaces. The paths of some particles bend into
large angles. A few even bounced back. The only way this can happen is if there
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and this is postive charged particle and negative charge particle revolve around
center in particular circular path.
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➤ In 1913, Niels Bohr (Niels Bohr) proposed a hydrogen atom theory based on
quantum theory, that is, energy is only transferred in certain clearly defined
amounts.
➤ He said that atom's electron are moved in particular path.
➤ Electron cant change there Orbit generally.
➤ To change Orbit electron has to either absorb energy or release energy.
➤ When jumping from one orbit to another with lower energy, a light quantum
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is emitted..
➤ Bohr's theory could explain why atoms emitted light in fixed wavelengths.
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✪ Structure Of Atom ✪
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➤ On basis of all scientist research.
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➤ Atom has hollow space around his structure where electron moves.
➤At center of atom neutrons and nucleons are rotate.
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➤ Atom has same number of protons and neutrons but Electrons are not in
same number
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Proton
➤Protons have slightly less mass than the neutrons in the nucleus.
➤The actual mass of the proton is 1.6726 x 10^-27 kilograms, which is a very
small mass indeed.
➤ The positive charge of a proton is one (+1) and its mass is 1 atomic mass unit
(amu)..
➤ Proton are positive charged particles.
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Electron
➤Negative charge particle.
➤Revolve around nucleus in circular orbit.
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➤Charge - 1.6726 x 10^-27.
Neutron
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➤Charge-less particle
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➤ Found in center of atom.
➤The number of neutrons are same as protons in atom.
Atomic Number
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➤ The total number of protons or electrons present in the nucleus of every
atom.
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➤ It is denoted by Z.
➤ Eg Atomic number of carbon is 6 that means it has 6 protons.
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➤Electrons weight cant consider because of its low weight which is negligible.
➤Electron left the atom because or its low weight so it can freely move.
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➤ Atomic mass number at top side and atomic number rewritten at base of
substance symbol.
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eg. Suppose carbon has 6 ATOMIC NUMBER and 12 atomic mass number so it
should be written as 12
6 C.
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➤That means carbon has Atomic number (z)=6 and atomic mass number(A)=12.
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➤ And the number of electron present in the each orbit can be calculate on the
basis of (2n)2formula.
➤ Example with (2n)2
➤ Sodium has 11 electrons.
➤ As per the (2n)2=electrons in first orbit is (2*1)2=1
➤ Similarly In second orbit (2*2)2=8
➤ Like wise we can calculate electrons and each orbit and this electronic
configuration of atom.
➤Eg.This is written as 2,8,3
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Valency
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➤This is the capacity of atom to release his electron.
➤ Atom perform the process of acceptance of electron or donate a electron to
get into a stable state.
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➤ Suppose any itom has (2,8,1) So he can donate last electron to establish
stable state.
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➤ This shows that this atom can donate 1 electron so valency of this metal is 1.
➤ Some time substance get stable state by accepting electron.
➤ Electronic configuration of sodium is (2,8,1) so he denote 1 electron so
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sodium can be written as NA+
➤ Similarly Electronic configuration of chlorine is (2,8,7) so he can accept 1
electron.
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➤ so this is written as Cl-.
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✪ Isotopes ✪
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✪ Isobars ✪
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Others Blogs Related to MPSC Chemistry Notes
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➤ Chemistry syllabus
➤ Concept of matter
➤ Periodic Table
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➤ Classification of elements
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➤ World of carbon
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➤ Chemical Reactions
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➤ MPSC Data leak: पेपर न फु टल्याचा दावा MPSC आयोगाने स्पष्टपणे के ला आहे
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➤ MPSC Data leak: टेलेग्राम वर अचानक ९० हजार परीक्षार्थींचे प्रवेशपत्र झाले लिक
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