ICPSR 36536 Drug consumption, collected online

March 2011 to March 2012,

English-speaking countries

Elaine Fehrman
Men's Personality Disorder and National
Women's Directorate, Rampton Hospital

Vincent Egan
Department of Psychiatry and Applied
Psychology, University of Nottingham

Codebook

Inter-university Consortium for

Political and Social Research
P.O. Box 1248
Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106
www.icpsr.umich.edu
 Terms of Use
The terms of use for this study can be found at:
http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/icpsrweb/ICPSR/studies/36536/terms

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in part contents from copyrighted instruments. Reproductions of the instruments are
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 ICPSR PROCESSING NOTES FOR #36536
Drug consumption, collected online March 2011 to March 2012, English-speaking countries

1. Stata Limitations: Due to Stata limitations, the variables AGE, ALCOHOL, AMPHET, AMYL,
BENZOS, CAFF, CANNABIS, CHOC, COKE, COUNTRY, CRACK, ECSTASY, EDUCATION,
ETHNICITY, GENDER, HEROIN, KETAMINE, LEGALH, LSD, METH, MUSHROOMS,
NICOTINE, SEMER, and VSA do not contain value labels for character values within the Stata
files.
 ICPSR 36536
Drug consumption, collected online March 2011 to March 2012,
English-speaking countries
Original P.I. Documentation
 Drug consumption, collected online in 2011-2012
Codebook

Principal Investigators
Elaine Fehrman Men's Personality Disorder and National Women's Directorate,
Rampton Hospital, Retford, Nottinghamshire, DN22 0PD, UK,
Elaine.Fehrman@nottshc.nhs.uk
Vincent Egan Department of Psychiatry and Applied Psychology,
University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG8 1BB, UK,
Vincent.Egan@nottingham.ac.uk

Donor
Evgeny M. Mirkes Department of Mathematics,
University of Leicester, Leicester,
LE1 7RH, UK, em322@le.ac.uk
 The database contains records for 1885 respondents. For each respondent 12 attributes
are known: personality measurements which include NEO-FFI-R (neuroticism, extraversion,
openness to experience, agreeableness, and conscientiousness), BIS-11 (impulsivity), and
ImpSS (sensation seeking), level of education, age, gender, country of residence and
ethnicity. In addition, participants were questioned concerning their use of 18 legal and
illegal drugs (alcohol, amphetamines, amyl nitrite, benzodiazepines, cannabis, chocolate,
cocaine, caffeine, crack, ecstasy, heroin, ketamine, legal highs, LSD, methadone, mushrooms,
nicotine and volatile substance abuse and one fictitious drug (Semeron) which was introduced
to identify over-claimers. For each drug they selected either never used the drug, used it over
a decade ago, or in the last decade, year, month, week, or day.
The database contains 18 classification problems. Each of the independent label
variables contains seven classes: ‘Never Used’, ‘Used over a Decade Ago’, ‘Used in Last
Decade’, ‘Used in Last Year’, ‘Used in Last Month’, ‘Used in Last Week’, and ‘Used in Last
Day’.
Problems which can be solved:
• Seven class classifications for each drug separately.
• Problems can be transformed to binary classification by union of part of
classes into one new class. For example, ‘Never Used’, ‘Used over a Decade Ago’ form class
‘Non-user’ and all other classes form class ‘User’.
• The best binarization of classes for each attribute.
• Evaluation of risk to be drug consumer for specific drug.
The detailed description of the database is presented in the technical report: E.
Fehrman, A. K. Muhammad, E. M. Mirkes, V. Egan and A. N. Gorban, “The Five Factor
Model of personality and evaluation of drug consumption risk”, arXiv preprint
arXiv:1506.06297, 2015.
Successful classifiers have been created for all drugs, thus providing the possibility of
evaluating individuals for the risk of drug consumption. For most drugs sensitivity and
specificity are greater than 75%.

Citation:
E. Fehrman, A. K. Muhammad, E. M. Mirkes, V. Egan and A. N. Gorban, “The Five
Factor Model of personality and evaluation of drug consumption risk.,” arXiv preprint
arXiv:1506.06297, 2015.
Contents
1 Data collection .................................................................................................................... 3
Personality measurements ........................................................................................... 3
Drug use ...................................................................................................................... 5
Bibliography .............................................................................................................................. 6

1 Data collection
The database was collected by Elaine Fehrman between March 2011 and March 2012.
An online survey tool from Survey Gizmo was employed to gather data with maximum
anonymity, this being particularly relevant to canvassing respondents’ views, given the
sensitive nature of drug use. All participants were required to declare themselves at least 18
years of age prior to informed consent being given.
The study recruited 2051 participants over an 12-month recruitment period. Of these
persons, 166 did not respond correctly to a validity check built into the middle of the scale, so
were presumed to being inattentive to the questions being asked. Nine of these persons were
found to also have endorsed using a fictitious recreational drug, and which was included
precisely to identify respondents who over-claim, as have other studies of this kind (Hoare &
Moon, 2010). This led a useable sample of 1885 participants (male/female = 943/942).
The snowball sampling methodology recruited a primarily (93.5%) native English-
speaking sample, with participants from the UK (1044; 55.4%), the USA (557; 29.5%),
Canada (87; 4.6%), Australia (54; 2.9%), New Zealand (5; 0.3%) and Ireland (n = 20; 1.1%).
A total of 118 (6.3%) came from a diversity of other countries, none of whom individually
met 1% of the sample or did not declare the country of location. Further optimizing
anonymity, persons reported their age band, rather than their exact age; 18-24 years (643;
34.1%), 25-34 years (481; 25.5%), 35-44 years (356; 18.9%), 45-54 years (294; 15.6%), 55-
64 (93; 4.9%), and over 65 (18; 1%). This indicates that although the largest age cohort band
were 18 to 24, some 40% of the cohort was 35 or above, which are a sample often missed in
studies of this kind.
The sample recruited was highly educated, with just under two thirds (59.5%)
educated to, at a minimum, degree or professional certificate level: 14.4% (271) reported
holding a professional certificate or diploma, 25.5% (n = 481) an undergraduate degree, 15%
(n = 284) a master’s degree, and 4.7% (n = 89) a doctorate. Approximately 26.8% (n = 506)
of the sample had received some college or university tuition although they did not hold any
certificates; lastly, 257 (13.6%) had left school at the age of 18 or younger.
Participants were asked to indicate which racial category was broadly representative
of their cultural background. An overwhelming majority (91.2%; 1720) reported being White,
1.8% (33) stated they were Black, and 1.4% (26) Asian. The remainder of the sample (5.6%;
106) described themselves as ‘Other’ or ‘Mixed’ categories. This small number of persons
belonging to specific non-white ethnicities precludes any analyses involving racial categories.

Personality measurements
In order to assess personality traits of the sample, the NEO-FFI-R) questionnaire was
employed (Costa & MacCrae, 1992). The NEO-FFI-R is a highly reliable measure of? basic
personality domains; internal consistencies are 0.84 (N); 0.78 (E); 0.78 (O); 0.77 (A), and
0.75 (C) (Egan, 2011). The scale is a 60-item inventory comprised of five personality
domains or factors. The NEO-FFI-R is a shortened version of the Revised NEO-Personality
Inventory (NEO-PI-R) (Costa & MacCrae, 1992). The five factors are: N (Neuroticism), E
(Extraversion), O (Openness), A (Agreeableness), and C (Conscientiousness) with 12 items
per domain. These traits can be summarized as:
1. Neuroticism – a long-term tendency to experience negative emotions such as
nervousness, tension, anxiety and depression;
2. Extraversion – manifested in outgoing, warm, active, assertive, talkative, cheerful,
and in search of stimulation characteristics;
3. Openness – a general appreciation for art, unusual ideas, and imaginative, creative,
unconventional, and wide interests,
4. Agreeableness – a dimension of interpersonal relations, characterized by altruism,
trust, modesty, kindness, compassion and cooperativeness;
5. Conscientiousness – a tendency to be organized and dependable, strong-willed,
persistent, reliable, and efficient.
All of these domains are hierarchically defined by specific facets (McCrae & Costa,
1991). Egan et al. (2000) observe that the score Openness and Extraversion domains of the
NEO-FFI instrument are less reliable than Neuroticism, Agreeableness, and
Conscientiousness.
Participants were asked to read the 60 NEO-FFI-R statements and indicate on a five-
point Likert scale how much a given item applied to them (i.e. 0 = ‘Strongly Disagree’, 1 =
‘Disagree’, 2 = ‘Neutral’, 3 = ‘Agree’, to 4 = ‘Strongly Agree’).
We expected that drug usage is associated with high N, and low A and C. The darker
dimension of personality can be described in terms of low A, whereas much of the anti-social
behaviour in non-clinical persons appears underpinned by high N and low C (Jakobwitz &
Egan, 2006). The so-called ‘negative urgency’ is the tendency to act rashly when distressed,
and characterized by high N, low C, and low A (Settles, et al., 2012). The negative urgency is
partially proved below for users of most of the illegal drugs. In addition, our findings suggest
that O is higher for drug users.
The second measure used was the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11) (Stanford, et
al., 2009). The BIS-11 is a 30-item self-report questionnaire, which measures the behavioural
construct of impulsiveness, and comprises three subscales: motor impulsiveness, attentional
impulsiveness, and non-planning. The ‘motor’ aspect reflects acting without thinking, the
‘attentional’ component poor concentration and thought intrusions, and the ‘non-planning’ a
lack of consideration for consequences (Snowden & Gray, 2011). The scale’s items are
scored on a four-point Likert scale. This study modified the response range to make it
compatible with previous related studies (García-Montes, Zaldívar-Basurto, López-Ríos, &
Molina-Moreno, 2009). A score of five usually connotes the most impulsive response
although some items are reverse-scored to prevent response bias. Items are aggregated, and
the higher BIS-11 scores, the higher the impulsivity level (Fossati, Ergis, & Allilaire, 2001).
The BIS-11 is regarded a reliable psychometric instrument with good test-retest reliability
(Spearman’s rho is equal to 0.83) and internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha is equal to 0.83;
(Stanford, et al., 2009; Snowden & Gray, 2011)).
The third measurement tool employed was the Impulsiveness Sensation-Seeking
(ImpSS). Although the ImpSS combines the traits of impulsivity and sensation-seeking, it is
regarded as a measure of a general sensation-seeking trait (Zuckerman, 1994). The scale
consists of 19 statements in true-false format, comprising eight items measuring impulsivity
(Imp), and 11 items gauging sensation-seeking (SS). The ImpSS is considered a valid and
reliable measure of high risk behavioural correlates such as substance misuse (McDaniel &
Mahan, 2008).
 Drug use
Participants were questioned concerning their use of 18 legal and illegal drugs
(alcohol, amphetamines, amyl nitrite, benzodiazepine, cannabis, chocolate, cocaine, caffeine,
crack, ecstasy, heroin, ketamine, legal highs, LSD, methadone, mushrooms, nicotine, and
volatile substance abuse (VSA)) and one fictitious drug (Semeron) which was introduced to
identify over-claimers.
It was recognised at the outset that drug use research regularly (and spuriously)
dichotomises individuals as users or non-users, without due regard to their frequency or
duration/desistance of drug use (Ragan & Beaver, 2010). In this study, finer distinctions
concerning the measurement of drug use have been deployed, due to the potential for the
existence of qualitative differences amongst individuals with varying usage levels. In relation
to each drug, respondents were asked to indicate on if they never used the drug, used it over a
decade ago, or in the last decade, year, month, week, or day. This format captured the breadth
of a drug-using career, and the specific recency of use. The seven categories of drug users are
depicted in Figure 1.
It can be seen that participants who had used a drug the previous day belong to the
category ‘Used in last day’ and also to the categories ‘Used in last week’, ‘Used in last
month’, ‘Used in last year’ and ‘Used in last decade’. There are two special categories (see
Figure 1): ‘Never used’ and ‘Used over a decade ago’. These two categories were placed into
the class of ‘Non-user’, and all other categories into the class ‘User’, as the simplest version
of binary classification. Further in this study we analysed this binary classification.

Used in last day

Never Used Used in last week
Used in last month
Used over a
decade ago Used in last year

Used in last decade

Figure 1. Categories of drug users

The proportions of drug users differed for different drugs. The database sample
comprised 1885 individuals without any missing data. Consumption of alcohol, caffeine, and
chocolate was relatively common (over 96%). Consumption of cannabis and nicotine was
also high (over 67%). Consumption of benzodiazepines, ecstasy, and legal highs was less, at
41%. Consumption of amphetamines, mushrooms and cocaine was approximately 36%.
Consumption of ketamine and amyl nitrite is approximately 19%. Consumption of methadone
is above 22% and LSD is less than 30%. Finally, crack, heroin, and VSA use is
approximately 10%, 11%, 12%, respectively. These numbers characterise the group of
respondents. It is worth to mention here that the sample is biased to the higher proportion of
drug users and for the population consumption of the illegal drugs is expected to be
significantly lower (Home Office, UK, 2014).
 Bibliography
Costa, P. T., & MacCrae, R. R. (1992). Revised NEO-Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) and
the NEO-Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI): Personality manual. Odessa,FL:
Psychological assessment Resources.
Egan, V. (2011). Individual differences and antisocial behaviour. In Handbook of Individual
Differences (ed.) A. Furnham, S. Stumm, and K. Petredies(Oxford: Blackwell-Wiley),
512-537.
Fossati, P., Ergis, A. M., & Allilaire, J. F. (2001). Problem-solving abilities in unipolar
depressed patients: comparison of performance on the modified version of the
Wisconsin and the California sorting tests. Psychiatry Research, 104(2), 145–156.
García-Montes, J. M., Zaldívar-Basurto, F., López-Ríos, F., & Molina-Moreno, A. (2009).
The role of personality variables in drug abuse in a Spanish university population.
International journal of mental health and addiction, 7(3), 475–487.
Hoare, J., & Moon, D. (2010). Drug misuse declared: Findings from the 2009/10 British
Crime Survey. London: Home Office. Home Office Statistical Bulletin 13/10.
Home Office, UK. (2014). Drug misuse: findings from the 2013 to 2014 CSEW second
edition. https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/drug-misuse-findings-from-the-
2013-to-2014-csew.
Jakobwitz, S., & Egan, V. (2006). The dark triad and normal personality traits. Personality
and Individual Differences, 40 (2), 331-339.
McDaniel, S., & Mahan, J. (2008). An examination of the ImpSS scale as a valid and reliable
alternative to the SSS-V in optimum stimulation level research. Personality and
Individual Differences, 44(7), 1528–1538.
Ragan, D. T., & Beaver, K. M. (2010). Chronic offenders:A life-course analysis of marijuana
users. Youth and Society, 42, 174-198.
Settles, R. E., Fischer, S., Cyders, M. A., Combs, J. L., Gunn, R. L., & Smith, G. T. (2012).
Negative urgency: A personality predictor of externalizing behavior characterized by
neuroticism, low conscientiousness, and disagreeableness. Journal of Abnormal
Psychology 121 (1), 160-172.
Snowden, R., & Gray, N. S. (2011). Impulsivity and psychopathy: Associations between the
Barrett Impulsivity Scale and the Psychopathy Checklist revised. Psychiatry
Research, 187(3), 414-417.
Stanford, M. S., Mathias, C. W., Dougherty, D. M., Lake, S. L., Anderson, N. E., & Patton, J.
H. (2009). Fifty years of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale: An update and review.
Personality and Individual Differences, 47(5), 385-395.
Zuckerman, M. (1994). Behavioral expressions and biosocial bases of sensation seeking.
New York: Cambridge University Press.
 ICPSR 36536
Drug consumption, collected online March 2011 to March 2012,
English-speaking countries
Variable Description and Frequencies

Note: Frequencies displayed for the variables are not

weighted. They are purely descriptive and may not be
representative of the study population. Please review any
sampling or weighting information available with the study.

Summary statistics (minimum, maximum, mean, median, and

standard deviation) may not be available for every variable in
the codebook. Conversely, a listing of frequencies in table
format may not be present for every variable in the codebook
either. However, all variables in the dataset are present and
display sufficient information about each variable. These
decisions are made intentionally and are at the discretion of
the archive producing this codebook.

-1-
ID: ID
ID is number of record in original database. It cannot be related to participant. It can be used for reference only.

Value Label Unweighted %

Frequency

1 - 1 0.1 %
2 - 1 0.1 %
3 - 1 0.1 %
4 - 1 0.1 %
5 - 1 0.1 %
6 - 1 0.1 %
7 - 1 0.1 %
8 - 1 0.1 %
9 - 1 0.1 %
10 - 1 0.1 %
11 - 1 0.1 %
12 - 1 0.1 %
13 - 1 0.1 %
14 - 1 0.1 %
15 - 1 0.1 %
16 - 1 0.1 %
17 - 1 0.1 %
18 - 1 0.1 %
19 - 1 0.1 %
20 - 1 0.1 %
21 - 1 0.1 %
22 - 1 0.1 %
23 - 1 0.1 %
24 - 1 0.1 %
25 - 1 0.1 %
26 - 1 0.1 %
27 - 1 0.1 %
28 - 1 0.1 %
29 - 1 0.1 %
30 - 1 0.1 %
31 - 1 0.1 %
32 - 1 0.1 %
33 - 1 0.1 %
34 - 1 0.1 %
35 - 1 0.1 %

-2-
 Value Label Unweighted %
Frequency

36 - 1 0.1 %
37 - 1 0.1 %
38 - 1 0.1 %
39 - 1 0.1 %
40 - 1 0.1 %
41 - 1 0.1 %
42 - 1 0.1 %
43 - 1 0.1 %
44 - 1 0.1 %
45 - 1 0.1 %
46 - 1 0.1 %
47 - 1 0.1 %
48 - 1 0.1 %
49 - 1 0.1 %
50 - 1 0.1 %
Total 1,885 100%

Please note that only the first 50 response categories are displayed in the PDF codebook. To view all response categories, please
analyze the data file in the statistical package of your choice (SAS, SPSS, Stata, R).

Based upon 1,885 valid cases out of 1,885 total cases.

• Mean: 945.29
• Minimum: 1.00
• Maximum: 1888.00
• Standard Deviation: 545.17

Location: 1-4 (width: 4; decimal: 0)

Variable Type: numeric

AGE: AGE
AGE is age of participant and has one of the following values:

Value Label Unweighted %

Frequency

Ag1 18-24 643 34.1 %

Ag2 25-34 481 25.5 %
Ag3 35-44 356 18.9 %
Ag4 45-54 294 15.6 %
Ag5 55-64 93 4.9 %
Ag6 65+ 18 1.0 %
Total 1,885 100%

Based upon 1,885 valid cases out of 1,885 total cases.

Location: 5-7 (width: 3; decimal: 0)

-3-
 Variable Type: character

GENDER: GENDER
GENDER is the gender of participant:

Value Label Unweighted %

Frequency

F Female 942 50.0 %

M Male 943 50.0 %
Total 1,885 100%

Based upon 1,885 valid cases out of 1,885 total cases.

Location: 8-8 (width: 1; decimal: 0)

Variable Type: character

EDUCATION: EDUCATION
EDUCATION is level of education of participant and has one of the values:

Value Label Unweighted %

Frequency

Ed1 Left school before 16 years 28 1.5 %

Ed2 Left school at 16 years 99 5.3 %
Ed3 Left school at 17 years 30 1.6 %
Ed4 Left school at 18 years 100 5.3 %
Ed5 Some college or university, no certificate or degree 506 26.8 %
Ed6 Professional certificate/ diploma 270 14.3 %
Ed7 University degree 480 25.5 %
Ed8 Master degree 283 15.0 %
Ed9 Doctorate degree 89 4.7 %
Total 1,885 100%

Based upon 1,885 valid cases out of 1,885 total cases.

Location: 9-11 (width: 3; decimal: 0)

Variable Type: character

COUNTRY: COUNTRY
COUNTRY is country of current residence for the participant and has one of the following values:

Value Label Unweighted %

Frequency

AU Australia 54 2.9 %
CA Canada 87 4.6 %
IE Republic of Ireland 20 1.1 %
NZ New Zealand 5 0.3 %
OT Other 118 6.3 %
UK UK 1044 55.4 %

-4-
 Value Label Unweighted %
Frequency

US USA 557 29.5 %

Total 1,885 100%

Based upon 1,885 valid cases out of 1,885 total cases.

Location: 12-13 (width: 2; decimal: 0)

Variable Type: character

ETHNICITY: ETHNICITY
ETHNICITY is the ethnicity of the participant and has one of these values:

Value Label Unweighted %

Frequency

AS Asian 26 1.4 %
BA Mixed-Black/Asian 3 0.2 %
BL Black 33 1.8 %
OT Other 63 3.3 %
WA Mixed-White/Asian 20 1.1 %
WB Mixed-White/Black 20 1.1 %
WH White 1720 91.2 %
Total 1,885 100%

Based upon 1,885 valid cases out of 1,885 total cases.

Location: 14-15 (width: 2; decimal: 0)

Variable Type: character

NSCORE: NSCORE
NSCORE is the participant's NEO-FFI-R Neuroticism raw score. Possible values can range from 12 to 60 (12 items rated from 1 to
5) and are presented in the table below.

Value Label Unweighted %

Frequency

S12 - 1 0.1 %
S13 - 1 0.1 %
S14 - 7 0.4 %
S15 - 4 0.2 %
S16 - 3 0.2 %
S17 - 4 0.2 %
S18 - 10 0.5 %
S19 - 16 0.8 %
S20 - 24 1.3 %
S21 - 31 1.6 %
S22 - 26 1.4 %
S23 - 29 1.5 %

-5-
Value Label Unweighted %
Frequency

S24 - 35 1.9 %
S25 - 56 3.0 %
S26 - 57 3.0 %
S27 - 65 3.4 %
S28 - 70 3.7 %
S29 - 60 3.2 %
S30 - 61 3.2 %
S31 - 87 4.6 %
S32 - 78 4.1 %
S33 - 68 3.6 %
S34 - 76 4.0 %
S35 - 69 3.7 %
S36 - 73 3.9 %
S37 - 67 3.6 %
S38 - 63 3.3 %
S39 - 66 3.5 %
S40 - 80 4.2 %
S41 - 61 3.2 %
S42 - 77 4.1 %
S43 - 49 2.6 %
S44 - 51 2.7 %
S45 - 37 2.0 %
S46 - 67 3.6 %
S47 - 27 1.4 %
S48 - 49 2.6 %
S49 - 40 2.1 %
S50 - 24 1.3 %
S51 - 27 1.4 %
S52 - 17 0.9 %
S53 - 20 1.1 %
S54 - 15 0.8 %
S55 - 11 0.6 %
S56 - 10 0.5 %
S57 - 6 0.3 %
S58 - 3 0.2 %
S59 - 5 0.3 %
S60 - 2 0.1 %
Total 1,885 100%

-6-
 Based upon 1,885 valid cases out of 1,885 total cases.

Location: 16-18 (width: 3; decimal: 0)

Variable Type: character

ESCORE: ESCORE
ESCORE is NEO-FFI-R Extraversion. Possible values can range from 12 to 60 (12 items rated from 1 to 5) and are presented in
the table below.

Value Label Unweighted %

Frequency

S16 - 2 0.1 %
S18 - 1 0.1 %
S19 - 6 0.3 %
S20 - 3 0.2 %
S21 - 3 0.2 %
S22 - 8 0.4 %
S23 - 5 0.3 %
S24 - 9 0.5 %
S25 - 4 0.2 %
S26 - 21 1.1 %
S27 - 23 1.2 %
S28 - 23 1.2 %
S29 - 32 1.7 %
S30 - 38 2.0 %
S31 - 55 2.9 %
S32 - 52 2.8 %
S33 - 77 4.1 %
S34 - 68 3.6 %
S35 - 58 3.1 %
S36 - 89 4.7 %
S37 - 90 4.8 %
S38 - 106 5.6 %
S39 - 107 5.7 %
S40 - 130 6.9 %
S41 - 116 6.2 %
S42 - 109 5.8 %
S43 - 105 5.6 %
S44 - 103 5.5 %
S45 - 91 4.8 %
S46 - 69 3.7 %
S47 - 64 3.4 %
S48 - 62 3.3 %

-7-
 Value Label Unweighted %
Frequency

S49 - 37 2.0 %
S50 - 25 1.3 %
S51 - 34 1.8 %
S52 - 21 1.1 %
S53 - 15 0.8 %
S54 - 10 0.5 %
S55 - 9 0.5 %
S56 - 2 0.1 %
S58 - 1 0.1 %
S59 - 2 0.1 %
Total 1,885 100%

Based upon 1,885 valid cases out of 1,885 total cases.

Location: 19-21 (width: 3; decimal: 0)

Variable Type: character

OSCORE: OSCORE
OSCORE is NEO-FFI-R Openness to experience. Possible values can range from 12 to 60 (12 items rated from 1 to 5) and are
presented in the table below.

Value Label Unweighted %

Frequency

S24 - 2 0.1 %
S26 - 4 0.2 %
S28 - 4 0.2 %
S29 - 11 0.6 %
S30 - 9 0.5 %
S31 - 9 0.5 %
S32 - 13 0.7 %
S33 - 23 1.2 %
S34 - 25 1.3 %
S35 - 26 1.4 %
S36 - 39 2.1 %
S37 - 51 2.7 %
S38 - 64 3.4 %
S39 - 60 3.2 %
S40 - 68 3.6 %
S41 - 76 4.0 %
S42 - 87 4.6 %
S43 - 86 4.6 %
S44 - 101 5.4 %

-8-
 Value Label Unweighted %
Frequency

S45 - 103 5.5 %

S46 - 134 7.1 %
S47 - 107 5.7 %
S48 - 116 6.2 %
S49 - 98 5.2 %
S50 - 83 4.4 %
S51 - 87 4.6 %
S52 - 87 4.6 %
S53 - 81 4.3 %
S54 - 57 3.0 %
S55 - 63 3.3 %
S56 - 38 2.0 %
S57 - 34 1.8 %
S58 - 19 1.0 %
S59 - 13 0.7 %
S60 - 7 0.4 %
Total 1,885 100%

Based upon 1,885 valid cases out of 1,885 total cases.

Location: 22-24 (width: 3; decimal: 0)

Variable Type: character

ASCORE: ASCORE
ASCORE is NEO-FFI-R Agreeableness. Possible values can range from 12 to 60 (12 items rated from 1 to 5) and are presented in
the table below.

Value Label Unweighted %

Frequency

S12 - 1 0.1 %
S16 - 1 0.1 %
S18 - 1 0.1 %
S23 - 1 0.1 %
S24 - 2 0.1 %
S25 - 1 0.1 %
S26 - 7 0.4 %
S27 - 7 0.4 %
S28 - 8 0.4 %
S29 - 13 0.7 %
S30 - 18 1.0 %
S31 - 24 1.3 %
S32 - 30 1.6 %

-9-
 Value Label Unweighted %
Frequency

S33 - 34 1.8 %
S34 - 42 2.2 %
S35 - 45 2.4 %
S36 - 62 3.3 %
S37 - 83 4.4 %
S38 - 82 4.4 %
S39 - 102 5.4 %
S40 - 98 5.2 %
S41 - 114 6.0 %
S42 - 101 5.4 %
S43 - 105 5.6 %
S44 - 118 6.3 %
S45 - 112 5.9 %
S46 - 100 5.3 %
S47 - 100 5.3 %
S48 - 104 5.5 %
S49 - 85 4.5 %
S50 - 68 3.6 %
S51 - 58 3.1 %
S52 - 39 2.1 %
S53 - 36 1.9 %
S54 - 36 1.9 %
S55 - 16 0.8 %
S56 - 14 0.7 %
S57 - 8 0.4 %
S58 - 7 0.4 %
S59 - 1 0.1 %
S60 - 1 0.1 %
Total 1,885 100%

Based upon 1,885 valid cases out of 1,885 total cases.

Location: 25-27 (width: 3; decimal: 0)

Variable Type: character

CSCORE: CSCORE
CSCORE is NEO-FFI-R Conscientiousness. Possible values can range from 12 to 60 (12 items rated from 1 to 5) and are
presented in the table below.

Value Label Unweighted %

Frequency

S17 - 1 0.1 %

- 10 -
Value Label Unweighted %
Frequency

S19 - 1 0.1 %
S20 - 3 0.2 %
S21 - 2 0.1 %
S22 - 5 0.3 %
S23 - 5 0.3 %
S24 - 6 0.3 %
S25 - 9 0.5 %
S26 - 13 0.7 %
S27 - 13 0.7 %
S28 - 25 1.3 %
S29 - 24 1.3 %
S30 - 29 1.5 %
S31 - 41 2.2 %
S32 - 39 2.1 %
S33 - 49 2.6 %
S34 - 55 2.9 %
S35 - 55 2.9 %
S36 - 69 3.7 %
S37 - 81 4.3 %
S38 - 77 4.1 %
S39 - 87 4.6 %
S40 - 97 5.1 %
S41 - 99 5.3 %
S42 - 105 5.6 %
S43 - 90 4.8 %
S44 - 111 5.9 %
S45 - 111 5.9 %
S46 - 113 6.0 %
S47 - 95 5.0 %
S48 - 95 5.0 %
S49 - 76 4.0 %
S50 - 47 2.5 %
S51 - 43 2.3 %
S52 - 34 1.8 %
S53 - 28 1.5 %
S54 - 27 1.4 %
S55 - 13 0.7 %
S56 - 8 0.4 %
S57 - 3 0.2 %

- 11 -
 Value Label Unweighted %
Frequency

S59 - 1 0.1 %
Total 1,885 100%

Based upon 1,885 valid cases out of 1,885 total cases.

Location: 28-30 (width: 3; decimal: 0)

Variable Type: character

IMPULSIVITY: IMPULSIVITY
IMPULSIVITY is impulsiveness as measured by BIS-11. Possible values are presented in the table below:

Value Label Unweighted %

Frequency

I0 - 20 1.1 %
I1 - 276 14.6 %
I2 - 307 16.3 %
I3 - 355 18.8 %
I4 - 257 13.6 %
I5 - 216 11.5 %
I6 - 195 10.3 %
I7 - 148 7.9 %
I8 - 104 5.5 %
I9 - 7 0.4 %
Total 1,885 100%

Based upon 1,885 valid cases out of 1,885 total cases.

Location: 31-32 (width: 2; decimal: 0)

Variable Type: character

SS: SS
SS is sensation-seeking measured by the ImpSS measure. Possible values are presented in the table below:

Value Label Unweighted %

Frequency

SS00 - 71 3.8 %
SS01 - 87 4.6 %
SS02 - 132 7.0 %
SS03 - 169 9.0 %
SS04 - 211 11.2 %
SS05 - 223 11.8 %
SS06 - 219 11.6 %
SS07 - 249 13.2 %
SS08 - 211 11.2 %
SS09 - 210 11.1 %

- 12 -
 Value Label Unweighted %
Frequency

SS10 - 103 5.5 %

Total 1,885 100%

Based upon 1,885 valid cases out of 1,885 total cases.

Location: 33-36 (width: 4; decimal: 0)

Variable Type: character

ALCOHOL: ALCOHOL
ALCOHOL is recency of alcohol consumption. It is an output attribute with the following distribution of classes:

Value Label Unweighted %

Frequency

CL0 Never Used 34 1.8 %

CL1 Used over a Decade Ago 34 1.8 %
CL2 Used in Last Decade 68 3.6 %
CL3 Used in Last Year 198 10.5 %
CL4 Used in Last Month 287 15.2 %
CL5 Used in Last Week 759 40.3 %
CL6 Used in Last Day 505 26.8 %
Total 1,885 100%

Based upon 1,885 valid cases out of 1,885 total cases.

Location: 37-39 (width: 3; decimal: 0)

Variable Type: character

AMPHET: AMPHET
AMPHET is recency of amphetamine consumption. It is an output attribute with the following distribution of classes:

Value Label Unweighted %

Frequency

CL0 Never Used 976 51.8 %

CL1 Used over a Decade Ago 230 12.2 %
CL2 Used in Last Decade 243 12.9 %
CL3 Used in Last Year 198 10.5 %
CL4 Used in Last Month 75 4.0 %
CL5 Used in Last Week 61 3.2 %
CL6 Used in Last Day 102 5.4 %
Total 1,885 100%

Based upon 1,885 valid cases out of 1,885 total cases.

Location: 40-42 (width: 3; decimal: 0)

Variable Type: character

- 13 -
AMYL: AMYL
AMYL is the recency of amyl nitrite consumption. It is an output attribute with the following distribution of classes:

Value Label Unweighted %

Frequency

CL0 Never Used 1305 69.2 %

CL1 Used over a Decade Ago 210 11.1 %
CL2 Used in Last Decade 237 12.6 %
CL3 Used in Last Year 92 4.9 %
CL4 Used in Last Month 24 1.3 %
CL5 Used in Last Week 14 0.7 %
CL6 Used in Last Day 3 0.2 %
Total 1,885 100%

Based upon 1,885 valid cases out of 1,885 total cases.

Location: 43-45 (width: 3; decimal: 0)

Variable Type: character

BENZOS: BENZOS
BENZOS is recency of benzodiazepine consumption. It is an output attribute with the following distribution of classes:

Value Label Unweighted %

Frequency

CL0 Never Used 1000 53.1 %

CL1 Used over a Decade Ago 116 6.2 %
CL2 Used in Last Decade 234 12.4 %
CL3 Used in Last Year 236 12.5 %
CL4 Used in Last Month 120 6.4 %
CL5 Used in Last Week 84 4.5 %
CL6 Used in Last Day 95 5.0 %
Total 1,885 100%

Based upon 1,885 valid cases out of 1,885 total cases.

Location: 46-48 (width: 3; decimal: 0)

Variable Type: character

CAFF: CAFF
CAFF is recency of caffeine consumption. It is an output attribute with the following distribution of classes:

Value Label Unweighted %

Frequency

CL0 Never Used 27 1.4 %

CL1 Used over a Decade Ago 10 0.5 %
CL2 Used in Last Decade 24 1.3 %
CL3 Used in Last Year 60 3.2 %

- 14 -
 Value Label Unweighted %
Frequency

CL4 Used in Last Month 106 5.6 %

CL5 Used in Last Week 273 14.5 %
CL6 Used in Last Day 1385 73.5 %
Total 1,885 100%

Based upon 1,885 valid cases out of 1,885 total cases.

Location: 49-51 (width: 3; decimal: 0)

Variable Type: character

CANNABIS: CANNABIS
CANNABIS is recency of cannabis consumption. It is output attribute with the following distribution of classes:

Value Label Unweighted %

Frequency

CL0 Never Used 413 21.9 %

CL1 Used over a Decade Ago 207 11.0 %
CL2 Used in Last Decade 266 14.1 %
CL3 Used in Last Year 211 11.2 %
CL4 Used in Last Month 140 7.4 %
CL5 Used in Last Week 185 9.8 %
CL6 Used in Last Day 463 24.6 %
Total 1,885 100%

Based upon 1,885 valid cases out of 1,885 total cases.

Location: 52-54 (width: 3; decimal: 0)

Variable Type: character

CHOC: CHOC
CHOC is recency of chocolate consumption. It is an output attribute with the following distribution of classes:

Value Label Unweighted %

Frequency

CL0 Never Used 32 1.7 %

CL1 Used over a Decade Ago 3 0.2 %
CL2 Used in Last Decade 10 0.5 %
CL3 Used in Last Year 54 2.9 %
CL4 Used in Last Month 296 15.7 %
CL5 Used in Last Week 683 36.2 %
CL6 Used in Last Day 807 42.8 %
Total 1,885 100%

Based upon 1,885 valid cases out of 1,885 total cases.

Location: 55-57 (width: 3; decimal: 0)

- 15 -
 Variable Type: character

COKE: COKE
COKE is recency of cocaine consumption. It is an output attribute with the following distribution of classes:

Value Label Unweighted %

Frequency

CL0 Never Used 1038 55.1 %

CL1 Used over a Decade Ago 160 8.5 %
CL2 Used in Last Decade 270 14.3 %
CL3 Used in Last Year 258 13.7 %
CL4 Used in Last Month 99 5.3 %
CL5 Used in Last Week 41 2.2 %
CL6 Used in Last Day 19 1.0 %
Total 1,885 100%

Based upon 1,885 valid cases out of 1,885 total cases.

Location: 58-60 (width: 3; decimal: 0)

Variable Type: character

CRACK: CRACK
CRACK is recency of crack consumption. It is an output attribute with the following distribution of classes.

Value Label Unweighted %

Frequency

CL0 Never Used 1627 86.3 %

CL1 Used over a Decade Ago 67 3.6 %
CL2 Used in Last Decade 112 5.9 %
CL3 Used in Last Year 59 3.1 %
CL4 Used in Last Month 9 0.5 %
CL5 Used in Last Week 9 0.5 %
CL6 Used in Last Day 2 0.1 %
Total 1,885 100%

Based upon 1,885 valid cases out of 1,885 total cases.

Location: 61-63 (width: 3; decimal: 0)

Variable Type: character

ECSTASY: ECSTASY
ECSTASY is recency of ecstasy consumption. It is an output attribute with the following distribution of classes.

Value Label Unweighted %

Frequency

CL0 Never Used 1021 54.2 %

CL1 Used over a Decade Ago 113 6.0 %
CL2 Used in Last Decade 234 12.4 %

- 16 -
 Value Label Unweighted %
Frequency

CL3 Used in Last Year 277 14.7 %

CL4 Used in Last Month 156 8.3 %
CL5 Used in Last Week 63 3.3 %
CL6 Used in Last Day 21 1.1 %
Total 1,885 100%

Based upon 1,885 valid cases out of 1,885 total cases.

Location: 64-66 (width: 3; decimal: 0)

Variable Type: character

HEROIN: HEROIN
HEROIN is recency of heroin consumption. It is an output attribute with the following distribution of classes.

Value Label Unweighted %

Frequency

CL0 Never Used 1605 85.1 %

CL1 Used over a Decade Ago 68 3.6 %
CL2 Used in Last Decade 94 5.0 %
CL3 Used in Last Year 65 3.4 %
CL4 Used in Last Month 24 1.3 %
CL5 Used in Last Week 16 0.8 %
CL6 Used in Last Day 13 0.7 %
Total 1,885 100%

Based upon 1,885 valid cases out of 1,885 total cases.

Location: 67-69 (width: 3; decimal: 0)

Variable Type: character

KETAMINE: KETAMINE
KETAMINE is recency of ketamine consumption. It is an output attribute with the following distribution of classes:

Value Label Unweighted %

Frequency

CL0 Never Used 1490 79.0 %

CL1 Used over a Decade Ago 45 2.4 %
CL2 Used in Last Decade 142 7.5 %
CL3 Used in Last Year 129 6.8 %
CL4 Used in Last Month 42 2.2 %
CL5 Used in Last Week 33 1.8 %
CL6 Used in Last Day 4 0.2 %
Total 1,885 100%

Based upon 1,885 valid cases out of 1,885 total cases.

- 17 -
 Location: 70-72 (width: 3; decimal: 0)
Variable Type: character

LEGALH: LEGALH
LEGALH is recency of "legal high" (no illegal) consumption. It is an output attribute with the following distribution of classes:

Value Label Unweighted %

Frequency

CL0 Never Used 1094 58.0 %

CL1 Used over a Decade Ago 29 1.5 %
CL2 Used in Last Decade 198 10.5 %
CL3 Used in Last Year 323 17.1 %
CL4 Used in Last Month 110 5.8 %
CL5 Used in Last Week 64 3.4 %
CL6 Used in Last Day 67 3.6 %
Total 1,885 100%

Based upon 1,885 valid cases out of 1,885 total cases.

Location: 73-75 (width: 3; decimal: 0)

Variable Type: character

LSD: LSD
LSD is recency of LSD consumption. It is an output attribute with the following distribution of classes:

Value Label Unweighted %

Frequency

CL0 Never Used 1069 56.7 %

CL1 Used over a Decade Ago 259 13.7 %
CL2 Used in Last Decade 177 9.4 %
CL3 Used in Last Year 214 11.4 %
CL4 Used in Last Month 97 5.1 %
CL5 Used in Last Week 56 3.0 %
CL6 Used in Last Day 13 0.7 %
Total 1,885 100%

Based upon 1,885 valid cases out of 1,885 total cases.

Location: 76-78 (width: 3; decimal: 0)

Variable Type: character

METH: METH
METH is recency of methadone consumption. It is an output attribute with the following distribution of classes.

Value Label Unweighted %

Frequency

CL0 Never Used 1429 75.8 %

CL1 Used over a Decade Ago 39 2.1 %

- 18 -
 Value Label Unweighted %
Frequency

CL2 Used in Last Decade 97 5.1 %

CL3 Used in Last Year 149 7.9 %
CL4 Used in Last Month 50 2.7 %
CL5 Used in Last Week 48 2.5 %
CL6 Used in Last Day 73 3.9 %
Total 1,885 100%

Based upon 1,885 valid cases out of 1,885 total cases.

Location: 79-81 (width: 3; decimal: 0)

Variable Type: character

MUSHROOMS: MUSHROOMS
MUSHROOMS is recency of magic mushrooms consumption. It is an output attribute with following distribution of classes:

Value Label Unweighted %

Frequency

CL0 Never Used 982 52.1 %

CL1 Used over a Decade Ago 209 11.1 %
CL2 Used in Last Decade 260 13.8 %
CL3 Used in Last Year 275 14.6 %
CL4 Used in Last Month 115 6.1 %
CL5 Used in Last Week 40 2.1 %
CL6 Used in Last Day 4 0.2 %
Total 1,885 100%

Based upon 1,885 valid cases out of 1,885 total cases.

Location: 82-84 (width: 3; decimal: 0)

Variable Type: character

NICOTINE: NICOTINE
NICOTINE is recency of nicotine consumption. It is an output attribute with the following distribution of classes:

Value Label Unweighted %

Frequency

CL0 Never Used 428 22.7 %

CL1 Used over a Decade Ago 193 10.2 %
CL2 Used in Last Decade 204 10.8 %
CL3 Used in Last Year 185 9.8 %
CL4 Used in Last Month 108 5.7 %
CL5 Used in Last Week 157 8.3 %
CL6 Used in Last Day 610 32.4 %
Total 1,885 100%

- 19 -
 Based upon 1,885 valid cases out of 1,885 total cases.

Location: 85-87 (width: 3; decimal: 0)

Variable Type: character

SEMER: SEMER
SEMER is the recency of the alleged consumption of a fictitious drug: Semeron. It is an output attribute with the following
distribution of classes:

Value Label Unweighted %

Frequency

CL0 Never Used 1877 99.6 %

CL1 Used over a Decade Ago 2 0.1 %
CL2 Used in Last Decade 3 0.2 %
CL3 Used in Last Year 2 0.1 %
CL4 Used in Last Month 1 0.1 %
CL5 Used in Last Week 0 0.0 %
CL6 Used in Last Day 0 0.0 %
Total 1,885 100%

Based upon 1,885 valid cases out of 1,885 total cases.

Location: 88-90 (width: 3; decimal: 0)

Variable Type: character

VSA: VSA
VSA is recency of volatile substance consumption (e.g., solvents, petrol, etc ). It is an output attribute with the following distribution
of classes:

Value Label Unweighted %

Frequency

CL0 Never Used 1455 77.2 %

CL1 Used over a Decade Ago 200 10.6 %
CL2 Used in Last Decade 135 7.2 %
CL3 Used in Last Year 61 3.2 %
CL4 Used in Last Month 13 0.7 %
CL5 Used in Last Week 14 0.7 %
CL6 Used in Last Day 7 0.4 %
Total 1,885 100%

Based upon 1,885 valid cases out of 1,885 total cases.

Location: 91-93 (width: 3; decimal: 0)

Variable Type: character

- 20 -