Dentistry Department; 2nd Grade Al-Hikma University

College

PROSTHODONTICS
Lec. 10 dr.Rihab
:

DENTAL ARTICULATORS
Are a mechanical device which represents the temporomandibular joints
and the jaws members to which maxillary and mandibular casts may be
attached to simulate jaw movements.
‫ھﻮ ﺟﮭﺎز ﻣﯿﻜﺎﻧﯿﻜﻲ ﯾﻤﺜﻞ اﻟﻤﻔﺎﺻﻞ اﻟﻔﻜﯿﺔ اﻟﺼﺪﻏﯿﺔ‬
‫وأﻋﻀﺎء اﻟﻔﻜﯿﻦ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻗﺪ ﺗﻜﻮن ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ ﻗﻮاﻟﺐ اﻟﻔﻚ اﻟﻌﻠﻮي واﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ‬
.‫ﻣﺮﻓﻘﺔ ﻟﻤﺤﺎﻛﺎة ﺣﺮﻛﺎت اﻟﻔﻚ‬

Uses:

1. To diagnose the state of occlusion in both the natural and artificial

dentitions.
2. To plane dental procedures based on the relationship between opposing
natural and artificial teeth.
3. To aid in the fabrication of restorations and prosthodontics replacements.
4. To maintain the jaw relation record during arrangement of artificial teeth.
‫ ﺗﺸﺨﯿﺺ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻻﻧﺴﺪاد ﺳﻮاء اﻟﻄﺒﯿﻌﻲ أو اﻻﺻﻄﻨﺎﻋﻲ‬.1
.‫اﻷﺳﻨﺎن‬
‫ أﺳﺎس اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﺘﻌﺎرﺿﯿﻦ‬1‫ ﻟﺘﺨﻄﯿﻂ إﺟﺮاءات طﺐ اﻷﺳﻨﺎن ﻋﻠﻰ‬.2
.‫اﻷﺳﻨﺎن اﻟﻄﺒﯿﻌﯿﺔ واﻻﺻﻄﻨﺎﻋﯿﺔ‬
.‫ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪة ﻓﻲ ﺗﺼﻨﯿﻊ اﻟﺘﺮﻣﯿﻤﺎت وﺑﺪاﺋﻞ اﻟﺘﻌﻮﯾﻀﺎت اﻟﺴﻨﯿﺔ‬.3
.‫ اﻻﺣﺘﻔﺎظ ﺑﺴﺠﻞ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ اﻟﻔﻚ أﺛﻨﺎء ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ اﻷﺳﻨﺎن اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﯿﺔ‬.4
𝑻
𝑹
𝑨
𝑵
𝑺
𝑳
𝑨
𝑻
𝑬
𝑫
𝑩
𝒀
𝑨
𝑳
𝑾
𝑰
𝑵
𝑫
𝑨
𝑾
𝑰
 Dentistry Department; 2nd Grade Al-Hikma University
College
5. To correct and modify completed restorations (remounting the dentures
after processing for correction of occlusal disharmony).
‫ﻟﺘﺼﺤﯿﺢ وﺗﻌﺪﯾﻞ اﻟﺘﺮﻣﯿﻤﺎت اﻟﻤﻜﺘﻤﻠﺔ )إﻋﺎدة ﺗﺮﻛﯿﺐ أطﻘﻢ اﻷﺳﻨﺎن‬
.(‫ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ ﻟﺘﺼﺤﯿﺢ ﺗﻨﺎﻓﺮ اﻹطﺒﺎق‬

Requirements of an articulator:

1. It should hold casts in the correct horizontal relationship.

2. It should hold casts in the correct vertical relationship.
3. The casts should be easily removable and re-attachable.
4. It should provide a positive anterior vertical stop (incisal pin).
5. It should accept face-bow transfer record. .‫ ﯾﺠﺐ أن ﺗﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﻘﻮاﻟﺐ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ اﻷﻓﻘﯿﺔ اﻟﺼﺤﯿﺤﺔ‬.1
.‫ ﯾﺠﺐ أن ﺗﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﻘﻮاﻟﺐ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ اﻟﺮأﺳﯿﺔ اﻟﺼﺤﯿﺤﺔ‬.2
.‫ ﯾﺠﺐ أن ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﻘﻮاﻟﺐ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻺزاﻟﺔ وإﻋﺎدة اﻟﺘﺮﻛﯿﺐ ﺑﺴﮭﻮﻟﺔ‬.3
6. It should open and close in a hinge movement. .(‫ ﯾﺠﺐ أن ﯾﻮﻓﺮ ﺗﻮﻗﻔًﺎ رأﺳﯿًﺎ أﻣﺎﻣﯿًﺎ ﻣﻮﺟﺒًﺎ )دﺑﻮس ﻗﺎطﻊ‬.4
.‫ ﯾﺠﺐ أن ﯾﻘﺒﻞ ﺳﺠﻞ اﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﻮﺟﮫ‬.5
7. It should be made of non-corrosive and rigid materials. .‫ ﯾﺠﺐ أن ﯾﻔﺘﺢ وﯾﻐﻠﻖ ﺑﺤﺮﻛﺔ ﻣﻔﺼﻠﯿﺔ‬.6
.‫ ﯾﺠﺐ أن ﺗﻜﻮن ﻣﺼﻨﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻮاد ﺻﻠﺒﺔ وﻏﯿﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺂﻛﻞ‬.7
.ً‫ أن ﻻ ﯾﻜﻮن ﺿﺨﻤﺎ ً أو ﺛﻘﯿﻼ‬.8
8. It should not be bulky or heavy. .‫ ﯾﺠﺐ أن ﺗﻜﻮن ھﻨﺎك ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﻛﺎﻓﯿﺔ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻷﻋﻀﺎء اﻟﻌﻠﻮﯾﺔ واﻟﺴﻔﻠﯿﺔ‬.9
.‫ ﯾﺠﺐ أن ﺗﺘﺤﺮك اﻷﺟﺰاء اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺮﻛﺔ ﺑﺤﺮﯾﺔ دون أي اﺣﺘﻜﺎك‬.10
9. There should be adequate space between the upper and lower members.
10. The moving parts should move freely without any friction.

Classification of articulators:

1. Non-adjustable condylar path articulator.

a. Simple hinge articulator (class I).
b. Mean value or fixed condylar path articulator (class II).
2. Adjustable condylar path articulator.
a. Semi-adjustable condylar path articulator (class III).
b. Fully-adjustable condylar path articulator (class IV).
:‫ﺗﺼﻨﯿﻒ اﻟﻤﻔﺼﻠﯿﺎت‬
.‫ ﻣﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﻤﺴﺎر اﻟﻠﻘﻤﻲ ﻏﯿﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺪﯾﻞ‬.1
.(‫ ﻣﻔﺼﻞ ﻣﻔﺼﻠﻲ ﺑﺴﯿﻂ )اﻟﻔﺌﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ‬.‫أ‬
.(‫ اﻟﻘﯿﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ أو ﻣﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﻤﺴﺎر اﻟﻠﻘﻤﻲ اﻟﺜﺎﺑﺖ )اﻟﻔﺌﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ‬.‫ب‬
.‫ ﻣﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﻤﺴﺎر اﻟﻠﻘﻤﻲ اﻟﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺪﯾﻞ‬.2
.(‫ ﻣﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﻤﺴﺎر اﻟﻠﻘﻤﻲ ﺷﺒﮫ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺪﯾﻞ )اﻟﻔﺌﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‬.‫أ‬
.(‫ ﻣﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﻤﺴﺎر اﻟﻠﻘﻤﻲ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺪﯾﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ )اﻟﻔﺌﺔ اﻟﺮاﺑﻌﺔ‬.‫ب‬
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 Dentistry Department; 2nd Grade Al-Hikma University
College

Simple hinge articulators

These are simple holding instruments capable of accepting a single static

registration. Only vertical motion is possible. They orient the opposing casts to
each other without reference to anatomical landmarks.
‫ھﺬه أدوات إﻣﺴﺎك ﺑﺴﯿﻄﺔ ﻗﺎدرة ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺒﻮل ﺣﺮﻛﺔ ﺛﺎﺑﺘﺔ واﺣﺪة‬
‫ إﻧﮭﻢ ﯾﻮﺟﮭﻮن اﻟﻘﻮاﻟﺐ اﻟﻤﺘﻌﺎرﺿﺔ إﻟﻰ‬.‫ اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﻮدﯾﺔ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻣﻤﻜﻨﺔ‬.‫ﺗﺴﺠﯿﻞ‬
.‫ﺑﻌﻀﮭﺎ اﻟﺒﻌﺾ دون اﻟﺮﺟﻮع إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﻢ اﻟﺘﺸﺮﯾﺤﯿﺔ‬
Design:

It consists of upper and lower members held apart at certain distance by

a screw which acts at the back. The screw can increase or decrease the distance
between the two members, and permits only a hinge like movement.
‫وﺗﺘﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ أﻋﻀﺎء ﻋﻠﻮﯾﺔ وﺳﻔﻠﯿﺔ ﻣﺘﺒﺎﻋﺪة ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﻣﻌﯿﻨﺔ‬
‫ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﻤﺎر زﯾﺎدة أو ﺗﻘﻠﯿﻞ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬.‫اﻟﻤﺴﻤﺎر اﻟﺬي ﯾﻌﻤﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺨﻠﻒ‬
Possible movements: .‫ وﻻ ﯾﺴﻤﺢ إﻻ ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﻤﻔﺼﻠﯿﺔ‬،‫ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻌﻀﻮﯾﻦ‬
:‫اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺎت اﻟﻤﺤﺘﻤﻠﺔ‬
.‫ﯾﻮﻓﺮ ھﺬا اﻟﻨﻮع ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻔﺎﺻﻞ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ ﻓﺘﺢ وإﻏﻼق اﻟﻤﻔﺼﻠﺔ ﻓﻘﻂ‬
This type of articulators gives only hinge opening and closing movement.

Records requiring for programming this articulator:

:‫اﻟﺴﺠﻼت اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ ﻟﺒﺮﻣﺠﺔ ھﺬه اﻟﻤﻔﺼﻠﺔ‬
1. Vertical dimension of occlusion. .‫ اﻟﺒﻌﺪ اﻟﺮأﺳﻲ ﻟﻼﻧﺴﺪاد‬.1
.‫ ﺳﺠﻼت اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰﯾﺔ‬.2
2. Centric relation records.

Disadvantages:

These articulators do not represent the temporomandibular joint and the

dynamic mandibular movements. :‫ﺳﻠﺒﯿﺎت‬
‫ھﺬه اﻟﻤﻔﺼﻼت ﻻ ﺗﻤﺜﻞ اﻟﻤﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﻔﻜﻲ اﻟﺼﺪﻏﻲ و‬
.‫ﺣﺮﻛﺎت اﻟﻔﻚ اﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ اﻟﺪﯾﻨﺎﻣﯿﻜﯿﺔ‬

3
Dentistry Department; 2nd Grade Al-Hikma University
College

4
 ‫اﻟﻘﯿﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ )اﻟﻤﺴﺎر اﻟﻠﻘﻤﻲ اﻟﺜﺎﺑﺖ( اﻟﻤﻔﺼﻠﯿﺔ‬
Dentistry Department; 2nd Grade Al-Hikma University
‫ھﺬه ھﻲ اﻷدوات اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺴﻤﺢ ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ اﻷﻓﻘﯿﺔ واﻟﺮأﺳﯿﺔ‬
College .‫ﻟﻜﻨﮫ ﻻ ﯾﻮﺟﮫ اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﻔﺎﺻﻞ اﻟﻔﻜﯿﺔ اﻟﺼﺪﻏﯿﺔ‬
Mean value (Fixed condylar path) articulator

These are an instrument that permits horizontal as well as vertical motion

but does not orient the motion to the temporomandibular joints.
‫ﯾﺘﻢ ﺿﻢ اﻟﻌﻀﻮﯾﻦ ﻣﻦ ھﺬا اﻟﻨﻮع ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻔﺼﻼت ﻣ ًﻌﺎ ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ اﺛﻨﯿﻦ‬
‫ اﻟﻤﺴﺎر اﻟﻠﻘﻤﻲ اﻷﻓﻘﻲ‬.‫اﻟﻤﻔﺎﺻﻞ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻤﺜﻞ اﻟﻤﻔﺎﺻﻞ اﻟﻔﻜﯿﺔ اﻟﺼﺪﻏﯿﺔ‬
(‫ درﺟﺔ وھﻲ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ )ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬30 ‫ﯾﺘﻢ ﺗﺜﺒﯿﺘﮫ ﻋﻨﺪ زاوﯾﺔ ﻣﻌﯿﻨﺔ ﺗﺘﺮاوح ﻣﻦ‬
Design: ‫ﻀﺎ ﺗﺜﺒﯿﺖ ﺟﺪول اﻟﺘﻮﺟﯿﮫ اﻟﻘﺎطﻌﻲ ﺑﺰاوﯾﺔ ﻣﻌﯿﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ‬ ً ‫ ﯾﺘﻢ أﯾ‬.‫ﻣﻌﻈﻢ اﻟﻤﺮﺿﻰ‬
‫ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺪﻟﯿﻞ اﻟﻠﻘﻤﻲ واﻟﻘﺎطﻊ ﻣﺸﺘﻘﺔ ﻣﻦ‬.‫أﻓﻘﻲ‬
‫ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﺎر اﻟﻠﻘﻤﻲ اﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﺛﺒﺎﺗًﺎ‬.‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ )ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ( اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﻜﺎن‬
.‫ اﻟﻌﻀﻮ اﻟﻌﻠﻮي ﻣﺘﺤﺮك واﻟﻌﻀﻮ اﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬،‫اﻟﻤﻔﺼﻠﯿﺔ‬
The two members of this type of articulators are joined together by two
joints that represent the temporomandibular joints. The horizontal condylar path
is fixed at certain angle that ranges from 30° which is the average (mean) of the
most patients. The incisal guide table is also fixed at a certain angle from
horizontal. The distance between the condylar and incisal guide is derived from
the average (mean) distance of the population. In the most fixed condylar path
articulators, the upper member is movable and the lower member is stationary.

:‫اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺎت اﻟﻤﺤﺘﻤﻠﺔ‬
Possible movements: .‫ اﻻﻓﺘﺘﺎح واﻟﺨﺘﺎم‬.1
.‫ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ ﻧﺘﻮءﯾﺔ ﺑﺰاوﯾﺔ ﻣﺴﺎر ﻟﻘﻤﯿﺔ ﺛﺎﺑﺘﺔ‬.2
:‫اﻟﺴﺠﻼت اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ ﻟﺒﺮﻣﺠﺔ ھﺬه اﻟﻤﻔﺼﻠﺔ‬
1. Opening and closing. .‫ اﻟﺒﻌﺪ اﻟﺮأﺳﻲ ﻟﻼﻧﺴﺪاد‬.1
2. Protrusive movement at a fixed condylar path angle. .‫ ﺳﺠﻞ اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰﯾﺔ‬.2

Records required for programming this articulator:

1. Vertical dimension of occlusion.

2. Centric relation record.

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 ‫ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻤﺎت ھﺬه اﻟﻤﻔﺼﻼت ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﺠﺒﯿﺮة اﻟﻌﻠﻮﯾﺔ‬:‫ﺳﺠﻞ ﻗﻮس اﻟﻮﺟﮫ‬
Dentistry Department; 2nd Grade ‫ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻻ ﺗﻔﻌﻞ اﻟﻤﻔﺼﻠﯿﺎت‬.‫ﻟﻠﻮﺟﮫ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻞ اﻟﻘﻮس‬
Al-Hikma ‫ﯾﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﺮﻛﯿﺒﮫ ﻋﻦ طﺮﯾﻖ‬
University
College ‫ﻟﺒﻮﻧﻮﯾﻞ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ً ‫ﻘ‬ ‫وﻓ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺜﺒﯿﺖ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬ ،‫اﻟﻮﺟﮭﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻮل ﺳﺠﻞ اﻟﻘﻮس‬
.‫ﻣﺜﻠﺚ‬
3. Face-bow record: in some designs of these articulators, the upper cast
can be mounted by a face-bow transfer. When the articulators do not
accept face-bow record, the mounting is made according to Bonwill
triangle. ‫ ھﻮ ﻣﺜﻠﺚ ﻣﺘﺴﺎوي اﻷﺿﻼع ﯾﺘﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ ﺧﻄﻮط ﻣﻦ ﺟﮭﺔ اﻻﺗﺼﺎل‬Bonwill ‫ﻣﺜﻠﺚ‬
‫ﻧﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﻘﻮاطﻊ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰﯾﺔ اﻟﺴﻔﻠﯿﺔ )أو اﻟﺨﻂ اﻷوﺳﻂ ﻟﻠﺤﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺒﻘﯿﺔ ﻣﻦ‬
‫اﻟﻔﻚ اﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ( إﻟﻰ اﻟﻠﻘﻤﺎت اﻟﻔﻜﯿﺔ اﻟﺴﻔﻠﯿﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻞ ﺟﺎﻧﺐ وﻣﻦ ﻟﻘﻤﺔ واﺣﺪة إﻟﻰ اﻷﺧﺮى‬
Bonwill triangle is an equilateral triangle formed by lines from the contact
point of the lower central incisors (or the median line of the residual ridge of
the mandible) to the mandibular condyles on each side and from one condyle to
‫وﺟﺪ ﺑﻮﻧﻮﯾﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻚ اﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ أن اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻠﻘﻤﺘﯿﻦ ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ إﻟﻰ‬
the other. ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻞ ﻟﻘﻤﺔ إﻟﻰ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ اﻻﺗﺼﺎل ﻟﻠﻘﻮاطﻊ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰﯾﺔ اﻟﺴﻔﻠﯿﺔ‬
‫ ﯾﺘﻢ إرﻓﺎق اﻟﻤﺆﺷﺮ اﻷﻣﺎﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻄﻊ‬.(‫ ﺑﻮﺻﺎت )ﻣﺜﻠﺚ ﻣﺘﺴﺎوي اﻷﺿﻼع‬4 ‫ﻛﺎن‬
‫دﺑﻮس اﻟﻤﻔﺼﻠﺔ ﻟﺘﺤﺪﯾﺪ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ طﺮف ﺣﺎﻓﺔ اﻻﻧﺴﺪاد ﺷﻔﻮﯾًﺎ وﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬
.Bonwill ‫ﯾﻠﻘﻲ ﺗﻮﺟﯿﮫ ﻓﯿﻤﺎ ﯾﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻤﺜﻠﺚ‬
Bonwill found in mandibles that the inter-condylar distance as well as the
distance from each condyle to the contact point of the lower central incisors
was 4 inches (equilateral triangle). An anterior pointer is attached to the incisal
pin of the articulator to locate the tip of the occlusion rim labially and thus to
orient cast in relation on the Bonwill triangle.

.‫ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ ھﺬه اﻟﻤﻔﺼﻼت ﻻ ﺗﻘﺒﻞ ﺗﺴﺠﯿﻞ اﻧﺤﻨﺎء اﻟﻮﺟﮫ‬.1

Disadvantages: ‫ ﯾﺘﺤﺮك اﻟﻤﺴﺎر اﻟﻠﻘﻤﻲ إﻟﻰ زاوﯾﺔ ﺛﺎﺑﺘﺔ وﻻ ﯾﻨﺠﺢ إﻻ ﻓﻲ‬.2
.‫اﻟﻤﺮﺿﻰ اﻟﺬﯾﻦ ﺗﻜﻮن زاوﯾﺔ اﻟﻠﻘﻤﺔ ﻟﺪﯾﮭﻢ ﻗﺮﯾﺒﺔ ﻣﻦ زاوﯾﺔ اﻟﻤﻔﺼﻞ‬
.‫ ﻻ ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﺣﺮﻛﺎت ﺟﺎﻧﺒﯿﺔ‬.3
1. Most of these articulators do not accept face-bow record.
2. The condylar path moves to a fixed angle and it is successful only in
patients whose condylar angle approximates that of the articulator.
3. No lateral movements.

6
 Dentistry Department; 2nd Grade Al-Hikma University
College

:‫ﻣﻔﺼﻞ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺪﯾﻞ‬

‫ﯾﺨﺘﻠﻒ ھﺬا اﻟﻨﻮع ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻔﺼﻼت ﻋﻦ ﻣﻔﺼﻼت اﻟﻤﺴﺎر اﻟﻠﻘﻤﻲ اﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘﺔ‬
Adjustable articulator: ‫ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﻌﺪﯾﻠﮭﺎ ھﻜﺬا‬.‫ﻓﻲ ھﺬا؛ ﻟﺪﯾﮭﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﯿﮫ ﻟﻘﻤﻲ وﻗﺎطﻌﻲ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺪﯾﻞ‬
‫أن ﺣﺮﻛﺎت أﻋﻀﺎء اﻟﻔﻚ ﺗﺸﺒﮫ إﻟﻰ ﺣﺪ ﻛﺒﯿﺮ ﺟﻤﯿﻊ ﺣﺮﻛﺎت‬
.‫اﻟﻔﻚ اﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﺮﯾﺾ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺪة‬
This type of articulators differs from the fixed condylar path articulators
in that; it has adjustable condylar and incisal guidance. They can be adjusted so
that the movements of its jaw members closely resemble all movements of the
mandible for each individual patient.

Semi-adjustable condylar path articulators

An articulator that allows adjustment to replicate average mandibular

movements and it may be arcon or nonarcon instruments.
‫ﻣﻔﺼﻼت اﻟﻤﺴﺎر اﻟﻠﻘﻤﯿﺔ ﺷﺒﮫ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺪﯾﻞ‬
‫ﻣﻔﺼﻞ ﯾﺴﻤﺢ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻌﺪﯾﻞ ﻟﺘﻜﺮار اﻟﻔﻚ اﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬
.‫اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺎت وﻗﺪ ﺗﻜﻮن أدوات أرﻛﻮن أو ﻏﯿﺮ أرﻛﻮن‬

7
 Dentistry Department; 2nd Grade Al-Hikma University
College

Design:

In these articulators, the horizontal condylar path is adjusted by a

protrusive record obtained from the patient, and the lateral condylar path
inclination is adjusted according to the Hanau's formula when use Hanau type
of semi-adjustable articulator.

𝐻𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑧𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
Hanau`s formula ( Lateral inclination = + 12)
8

‫ ﯾﺘﻢ ﺿﺒﻂ اﻟﻤﺴﺎر اﻷﻓﻘﻲ اﻟﻠﻘﻤﻲ ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ أ‬،‫ﻓﻲ ھﺬه اﻟﻤﻔﺼﻼت‬

‫ واﻟﻤﺴﺎر اﻟﻠﻘﻤﻲ اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻲ‬،‫اﻟﺴﺠﻞ اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺊ اﻟﺬي ﺗﻢ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﯿﮫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺮﯾﺾ‬
Hanau ‫ ﻋﻨﺪ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻧﻮع‬Hanau ‫ﯾﺘﻢ ﺿﺒﻂ اﻟﻤﯿﻞ وﻓﻘًﺎ ﻟﺼﯿﻐﺔ‬
.‫ﻣﻦ ﻣﻔﺼﻠﯿﺔ ﺷﺒﮫ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺪﯾﻞ‬
= ‫ﺻﯿﻐﺔ ھﺎﻧﺎو ) اﻟﻤﯿﻞ اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻲ‬

:‫اﻟﻤﻔﺼﻠﺔ ﺷﺒﮫ اﻟﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺪﯾﻞ ﻣﺼﻨﻔﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻨﺤﻮ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬

The semi-adjustable articulator classified as: .‫ ﺷﺒﮫ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺪﯾﻞ‬Arcon ‫ ﻣﻔﺼﻞ‬.1
.‫ ﻣﻔﺼﻠﯿﺔ ﻏﯿﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺪﯾﻞ ﺷﺒﮫ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺪﯾﻞ‬.2
‫ ﯾﺘﻢ اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﮫ ﻋﺎدة‬.(‫ ﻣﻦ )ﻟﻘﻤﺔ اﻟﻔﻚ اﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ‬arcon ‫ﯾﺄﺗﻲ ﻣﺼﻄﻠﺢ‬
1. Arcon semi-adjustable articulator.
‫ﺗﺸﯿﺮ إﻟﻰ ﻣﻔﺼﻞ ﻟﮫ ﻟﻘﯿﻤﺎﺗﮫ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌﻀﻮ اﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ‬
2. Non-arcon semi-adjustable articulator. .‫ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌﻀﻮ اﻟﻌﻠﻮي‬condylar ‫دﻟﯿﻞ‬

The term arcon comes from (mandibular condyle). It is commonly used to

indicate an articulator that has its condyles on the lower member and the
condylar guide on the upper member.

8
𝐻
𝑜
𝑟
𝑖
𝑧
𝑜
𝑛
𝑡
𝑎
𝑙
𝑖
𝑛
𝑐
𝑙
𝑖
𝑛
𝑎
𝑡
𝑖
𝑜
𝑛
 Dentistry Department; 2nd Grade Al-Hikma University
College

:‫اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺎت اﻟﻤﺤﺘﻤﻠﺔ‬
.‫ اﻻﻓﺘﺘﺎح واﻟﺨﺘﺎم‬.1
‫ اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﻨﺘﻮءﯾﺔ ﺣﺴﺐ زاوﯾﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺎر اﻟﻠﻘﻤﻲ اﻷﻓﻘﻲ‬.2
Possible movements: .‫ﯾﺘﻢ ﺗﺤﺪﯾﺪھﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺮﯾﺾ‬
‫ اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﯿﺔ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﯿﻞ اﻟﻤﺴﺎر اﻟﻠﻘﻤﻲ اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻲ‬.3
.‫ﺗﻢ ﺗﺤﺪﯾﺪه ﻣﻦ ﺻﯿﻐﺔ ھﺎﻧﺎو‬
1. Opening and closing. .(‫ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻷﻧﻮاع ﺑﮭﺎ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ ﺑﯿﻨﯿﺖ )اﻟﺘﺤﻮل اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻲ اﻟﻔﻮري‬.4

2. Protrusive movement according to the horizontal condylar path angle

determined from the patient.
3. Lateral movement according to the lateral condylar path inclination
determined from the Hanau's formula.
4. Some types have Bennett movement (immediate side shift).

Records required for programming this articulator:

1. A maxillary face-bow record to mount the upper cast.

2. Centric occluding relation record to mount the lower cast.
3. Protrusive record to adjust the horizontal condylar path inclination of
the articulator, and to find the lateral condylar path inclination from
Hanau's formula. :‫اﻟﺴﺠﻼت اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ ﻟﺒﺮﻣﺠﺔ ھﺬه اﻟﻤﻔﺼﻠﺔ‬
.‫ ﺳﺠﻞ ﻗﻮس اﻟﻮﺟﮫ اﻟﻌﻠﻮي ﻟﺘﺮﻛﯿﺐ اﻟﺠﺒﯿﺮة اﻟﻌﻠﻮﯾﺔ‬.1
.‫ ﺳﺠﻞ اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ اﻻﻧﺴﺪادﯾﺔ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰﯾﺔ ﻟﺘﺮﻛﯿﺐ اﻟﻘﺎﻟﺐ اﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ‬.2
‫ ﺳﺠﻞ ﺑﺎرز ﻟﻀﺒﻂ ﻣﯿﻞ اﻟﻤﺴﺎر اﻷﻓﻘﻲ ﻟﻠﻘﻤﺔ‬.3
‫ واﻟﻌﺜﻮر ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﯿﻞ اﻟﻤﺴﺎر اﻟﻠﻘﻤﻲ اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﻣﻨﮭﺎ‬،‫اﻟﻤﻔﺼﻠﺔ‬
.‫ﺻﯿﻐﺔ ھﺎﻧﺎو‬
9
 ‫ وﻟﯿﺲ ﻣﻦ‬،‫ﯾﺘﻢ ﺗﺤﺪﯾﺪ زاوﯾﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺎر اﻟﻠﻘﻤﻲ اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺻﯿﻐﺔ‬
.‫اﻟﻤﺮﯾﺾ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة‬
Dentistry Department; 2nd Grade ‫ﺗﺘﺤﺮك ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺎر ﻣﺴﻄﺢ ﻹﻋﺎدة إﻧﺘﺎﺟﮭﺎ‬Al-Hikma ‫ ﻻ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬.2
‫ اﻟﻠﻘﻤﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ‬University
.‫ﺣﺮﻛﺎت ﻏﺮﯾﺐ اﻷطﻮار ﺑﺎﻟﻀﺒﻂ‬
College ‫ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ ھﺆﻻء اﻟﻤﻔﺼﻠﯿﯿﻦ ﻟﯿﺲ ﻟﺪﯾﮭﻢ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ ﺑﯿﻨﯿﺖ‬.3
Disadvantages:

1. The lateral condylar path angle is determined from a formula, not from
the patient directly.
2. The condyles travel on a flat path cannot be used to reproduced
eccentric movements exactly.
3. Most of these articulators have no Bennett movement.

Semi-adjustable articulator

Fully-adjustable condylar path articulators

An articulator that will accept three dimensional dynamic registrations;

these instruments allow for orientation of the casts to the temporomandibular
joints and simulation of mandibular movements. They differ from the semi-
adjustable articulators in that the lateral condylar path inclination is adjusted
according to records taken from the patient.
‫ﻣﻔﺼﻼت اﻟﻤﺴﺎر اﻟﻠﻘﻤﯿﺔ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺪﯾﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ‬
‫ﻣﻔﺼﻞ ﯾﻘﺒﻞ اﻟﺘﺴﺠﯿﻼت اﻟﺪﯾﻨﺎﻣﯿﻜﯿﺔ ﺛﻼﺛﯿﺔ اﻷﺑﻌﺎد؛‬
10‫ﺗﺴﻤﺢ ھﺬه اﻷدوات ﺑﺘﻮﺟﯿﮫ اﻟﻘﻮاﻟﺐ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻔﻚ اﻟﺼﺪﻏﻲ‬
‫ وھﻲ ﺗﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻋﻦ ﺷﺒﮫ‬.‫اﻟﻤﻔﺎﺻﻞ وﻣﺤﺎﻛﺎة ﺣﺮﻛﺎت اﻟﻔﻚ اﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻔﺼﻼت ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺪﯾﻞ ﺣﯿﺚ ﯾﺘﻢ ﺿﺒﻂ ﻣﯿﻞ اﻟﻤﺴﺎر اﻟﻠﻘﻤﻲ اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻲ‬
.‫وﻓﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﺴﺠﻼت اﻟﻤﺄﺧﻮذة ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺮﯾﺾ‬
 ‫ﯾﺘﻢ ﺗﺼﻨﯿﻒ اﻟﻤﻔﺼﻼت اﻟﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺪﯾﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ إﻟﻰ ﻧﻮﻋﯿﻦ‬
Dentistry Department; 2nd Grade Al-Hikma University
‫)اﻟﺘﺴﺠﯿﻼت اﻟﻤﺠﺴﻤﺔ واﻟﺒﺎﻧﺘﻮﻏﺮاﻓﯿﺔ( ﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﻄﺮﯾﻘﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬
College .‫ﺗﺴﺠﯿﻞ اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺎت اﻟﻠﻘﻤﯿﺔ‬
The fully-adjustable articulators are categorized into two types
(stereographic and pantographic recordings) depending on the method used for
recording the condylar movements.
.‫ اﻻﻓﺘﺘﺎح واﻟﺨﺘﺎم‬.1
Possible movements: ‫ اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﻨﺘﻮءﯾﺔ ﺣﺴﺐ زاوﯾﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺎر اﻟﻠﻘﻤﻲ اﻷﻓﻘﻲ‬.2
.‫ﯾﺘﻢ ﺗﺤﺪﯾﺪھﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺮﯾﺾ‬
‫ اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﯿﺔ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﯿﻞ اﻟﻤﺴﺎر اﻟﻠﻘﻤﻲ اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻲ‬.3
1. Opening and closing. .‫ﯾﺘﻢ ﺗﺤﺪﯾﺪھﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺮﯾﺾ‬
.‫ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ ﺑﯿﻨﯿﺖ‬.4
2. Protrusive movement according to the horizontal condylar path angle
determined from the patient.
3. Lateral movement according to the lateral condylar path inclination
determined from the patient.
4. Bennett movement.
‫ ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ إﻟﻰ ذﻟﻚ‬،‫ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺎت ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻮع ﺷﺒﮫ اﻟﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺪﯾﻞ‬
.‫ﺣﺮﻛﺔ ﺑﯿﻨﯿﺖ‬
The same movements of the semi-adjustable type, in addition they have
Bennett movement.

Records required for programming this articulator:

1. A maxillary face-bow record to mount the upper cast.

2. Centric occluding relation record to mount the lower cast.
3. Protrusive record to adjust the horizontal condylar path inclination of
the articulator.
4. Right lateral record to adjust the left condylar path inclination.
5. Left lateral record to adjust the right condylar path inclination.

Disadvantages:

Multiple records are required with the possibility of errors.

:‫اﻟﺴﺠﻼت اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ ﻟﺒﺮﻣﺠﺔ ھﺬه اﻟﻤﻔﺼﻠﺔ‬

.‫ ﺳﺠﻞ ﻗﻮس اﻟﻮﺟﮫ اﻟﻌﻠﻮي ﻟﺘﺮﻛﯿﺐ اﻟﺠﺒﯿﺮة اﻟﻌﻠﻮﯾﺔ‬.1
.‫ ﺳﺠﻞ اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ اﻻﻧﺴﺪادﯾﺔ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰﯾﺔ ﻟﺘﺮﻛﯿﺐ اﻟﻘﺎﻟﺐ اﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ‬.2
‫ ﺳﺠﻞ ﺑﺎرز ﻟﻀﺒﻂ ﻣﯿﻞ اﻟﻤﺴﺎر اﻷﻓﻘﻲ ﻟﻠﻘﻤﺔ‬.3
.‫اﻟﻤﻔﺼﻠﯿﺔ‬
.‫ ﺳﺠﻞ اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺐ اﻷﯾﻤﻦ ﻟﻀﺒﻂ ﻣﯿﻞ اﻟﻤﺴﺎر اﻟﻠﻘﻤﻲ اﻷﯾﺴﺮ‬.4
.‫ ﺳﺠﻞ اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺐ اﻷﯾﺴﺮ ﻟﻀﺒﻂ ﻣﯿﻞ اﻟﻤﺴﺎر اﻟﻠﻘﻤﻲ اﻷﯾﻤﻦ‬.5
11 :‫ﺳﻠﺒﯿﺎت‬
.‫ﻣﻄﻠﻮب ﺳﺠﻼت ﻣﺘﻌﺪدة ﻣﻊ اﺣﺘﻤﺎل ﺣﺪوث أﺧﻄﺎء‬
 Dentistry Department; 2nd Grade Al-Hikma University
College

Fully-adjustable
articulator

Facebow
A caliper-like instrument used to record the spatial relationship of the
maxillary arch to some anatomic reference point or points and then transfer this
relationship to an articulator; it orients the dental cast in the same relationship
to the opening axis of the articulator.
‫ﻗﻮس اﻟﻮﺟﮫ‬
‫أداة ﺗﺸﺒﮫ اﻟﻔﺮﺟﺎر ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﺘﺴﺠﯿﻞ اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﻜﺎﻧﯿﺔ ﻟﻞ‬
Parts of a facebow: ‫ﻗﻮس اﻟﻔﻚ اﻟﻌﻠﻮي إﻟﻰ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ أو ﻧﻘﺎط ﻣﺮﺟﻌﯿﺔ ﺗﺸﺮﯾﺤﯿﺔ ﺛﻢ ﻗﻢ ﺑﻨﻘﻞ ھﺬا‬
‫اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻔﺼﻞ؛ ﻓﮭﻮ ﯾﻮﺟﮫ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ اﻷﺳﻨﺎن ﻓﻲ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ‬
1. U-shaped frame .‫إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺤﻮر اﻻﻓﺘﺘﺎﺣﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﻔﺼﻞ‬
:‫أﺟﺰاء ﻣﻦ ﻗﻮس اﻟﻮﺟﮫ‬
2. Condylar rods U ‫ إطﺎر ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺣﺮف‬.1
3. Bite fork ‫ ﻗﻀﺒﺎن ﻟﻘﻤﯿﺔ‬.2
‫ ﻟﺪﻏﺔ اﻟﺸﻮﻛﺔ‬.3
4. Locking devices ‫ ﻗﻔﻞ اﻷﺟﮭﺰة‬.4
‫ دﺑﻮس اﻟﻤﺆﺷﺮ اﻟﻤﺪاري‬.5
5. Orbital pointer pin

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 Dentistry Department; 2nd Grade Al-Hikma University
College

Types of a facebow:
1. Arbitrary (average axis) facebow.
2. Kinematic/hinge facebow.
.(‫ ﻗﻮس اﻟﻮﺟﮫ اﻟﺘﻌﺴﻔﻲ )اﻟﻤﺤﻮر اﻟﻤﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬.1
.‫اﻟﻤﻔﺼﻠﻲ‬/‫ ﻗﻮس اﻟﻮﺟﮫ اﻟﺤﺮﻛﻲ‬.2
‫ﯾﺤﺪد ﻗﻮس اﻟﻮﺟﮫ اﻟﺘﻌﺴﻔﻲ "ﻣﺮﻛﺰ اﻟﺪوران" اﻟﺘﻘﺮﯾﺒﻲ‬
.‫ ﻓﻲ ﺣﯿﻦ أن ﻗﻮس اﻟﻮﺟﮫ اﻟﺤﺮﻛﻲ ﯾﺤﺪد اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰ ﺑﺪﻗﺔ‬،‫اﻟﻠﻘﻤﺔ‬

The arbitrary facebow determines the approximate `centre of rotation ` of

condyle, while the kinematic facebow establishes the centre accurately.

Arbitrary (average axis) facebow

A device used to relate the maxillary cast to the condylar elements of an

articulator using average anatomic landmarks to estimate the position of the
transverse horizontal axis on the face.it is the most commonly used facebow
and is preferred for complete denture construction.

Transverse horizontal axis is an imaginary line around which the mandible may
rotate within the sagittal plane also called as the hinge axis previously.

Arbitrary facebows are classified as:

.(‫ﻗﻮس اﻟﻮﺟﮫ اﻟﺘﻌﺴﻔﻲ )اﻟﻤﺤﻮر اﻟﻤﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬
‫ﺟﮭﺎز ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ اﻟﻔﻚ اﻟﻌﻠﻮي ﺑﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﻠﻘﻤﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻔﺼﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﻢ اﻟﺘﺸﺮﯾﺤﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ﻟﺘﻘﺪﯾﺮ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ اﻟﻤﻔﺼﻞ‬
‫ وھﻮ ﻗﻮس اﻟﻮﺟﮫ اﻷﻛﺜﺮ اﺳﺘﺨﺪا ًﻣﺎ‬.‫اﻟﻤﺤﻮر اﻷﻓﻘﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻌﺮض ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻮﺟﮫ‬
13 .‫وﯾﻔﻀﻞ ﻟﺒﻨﺎء طﻘﻢ أﺳﻨﺎن ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺤﻮر اﻷﻓﻘﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻌﺮض ھﻮ ﺧﻂ وھﻤﻲ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ أن ﯾﺪور ﺣﻮﻟﮫ اﻟﻔﻚ اﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ‬
.‫ﻀﺎ ﺑﺎﺳﻢ اﻟﻤﺤﻮر اﻟﻤﻔﺼﻠﻲ ﺳﺎﺑﻘًﺎ‬ ً ‫ﺗﺪور داﺧﻞ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى اﻟﺴﮭﻤﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﺮوف أﯾ‬
:‫ﯾﺘﻢ ﺗﺼﻨﯿﻒ أﻗﻮاس اﻟﻮﺟﮫ اﻟﺘﻌﺴﻔﯿﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻨﺤﻮ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬
 ‫ ﻓﻲ ھﺬا اﻟﻨﻮع ﯾﻌﺘﺒﺮ اﻟﺼﻤﺎخ اﻟﺴﻤﻌﻲ اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻲ‬:‫ ﻧﻮع ﺳﻤﺎﻋﺔ اﻷذن‬.1
.‫ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻣﺮﺟﻌﯿﺔ ﻟﺘﺤﺪﯾﺪ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ دوران اﻟﻠﻘﻤﺔ‬
Dentistry Department; 2nd Grade ‫أﻣﺎم ﻣﯿﻮﺗﺲ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺗﻘﺮﯾﺒﯿﺔ‬
Al-Hikma ‫ﺗﻘﻊ اﻟﻠﻘﻤﺎت ﻋﻠﻰ‬
University
‫وﯾﺘﻢ ﺗﻌﻮﯾﺾ ذﻟﻚ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻔﺼﻠﺔ ﻋﻦ طﺮﯾﻖ ﺗﺮﻛﯿﺐ ﻗﻮس اﻟﻮﺟﮫ‬
College .‫ﺧﻠﻒ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰ اﻟﻠﻘﻤﻲ‬
1. Earpiece type: In this type, the external auditory meatus is considered as
reference point to determine the centre of condylar rotation. The
condyles are located at an approximate distance in front of the meatus
and this is compensated for in the articulator by mounting the facebow
behind the condylar centre.
2. Facia type: In this type, the centre of condylar rotation is arbitrarily
marked as 13mm anterior to the middle of the tragus of the ear, on a line
drawn from the outer canthus of the eye to the middle of the tragus of the
ear (canthotragal line). The condylar rods of the facebow are placed on
this point. Unlike the earpiece type, this facebow is mounted by placing
the condylar rods at the centre of the condyle in the articulator.

ً ‫ ﻓﻲ ھﺬا اﻟﻨﻮع ﯾﻜﻮن ﻣﺮﻛﺰ اﻟﺪوران اﻟﻠﻘﻤﻲ اﻋﺘﺒﺎطﯿﺎ‬:‫ﻧﻮع اﻟﻮﺟﮫ‬-2

‫ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺨﻂ‬،‫ ﻣﻠﻢ أﻣﺎم ﻣﻨﺘﺼﻒ زﻧﻤﺔ اﻷذن‬13 ‫ﺗﻢ وﺿﻊ ﻋﻼﻣﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ أﻧﮭﺎ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺳﻮم ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﻨﺚ اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻲ ﻟﻠﻌﯿﻦ إﻟﻰ ﻣﻨﺘﺼﻒ اﻟﺰﻧﻤﺔ‬
‫ ﯾﺘﻢ وﺿﻊ اﻟﻘﻀﺒﺎن اﻟﻠﻘﻤﯿﺔ ﻟﻘﻮس اﻟﻮﺟﮫ‬.(canthotragal ‫اﻷذن )ﺧﻂ‬
‫ ﯾﺘﻢ ﺗﺜﺒﯿﺖ ﻗﻮس اﻟﻮﺟﮫ ھﺬا ﻋﻦ طﺮﯾﻖ وﺿﻌﮫ‬،‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻜﺲ ﻧﻮع ﺳﻤﺎﻋﺔ اﻷذن‬.‫ھﺬه اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ‬
.‫اﻟﻘﻀﺒﺎن اﻟﻠﻘﻤﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮدة ﻓﻲ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ اﻟﻠﻘﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻔﺼﻠﯿﺔ‬

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Dentistry Department; 2nd Grade Al-Hikma University
College

15
 Dentistry Department; 2nd Grade Al-Hikma University
College

Kinematic facebow

A facebow with adjustable caliper ends used to locate the transverse

horizontal axis of the mandible; it is preferred in full mouth reconstructions.
The condylar rods are first positioned arbitrarily similar to facia type of
facebow at a point 13mm anterior to the auditory meatus on the canthotragal
line. The patient is instructed to make opening and closing movements in
centric relation. The opening should not be greater than 12mm as then the
condyle will then begin to translate instead of rotating.

The position of the condylar rod is shifted around the arbitrary mark until
it shows pure rotation which is the centre of rotation, this point is marked and
the condylar rods are locked then the facebow assembly is removed and
‫ﻗﻮس اﻟﻮﺟﮫ اﻟﺤﺮﻛﻲ‬
mounted on an appropriate articulator. ‫ﯾﺘﻢ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻗﻮس اﻟﻮﺟﮫ ذو اﻟﻔﺮﺟﺎر اﻟﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺪﯾﻞ ﻟﺘﺤﺪﯾﺪ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ اﻟﻌﺮض‬
.‫ وﯾﻔﻀﻞ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎت إﻋﺎدة ﺑﻨﺎء اﻟﻔﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ‬.‫اﻟﻤﺤﻮر اﻷﻓﻘﻲ ﻟﻠﻔﻚ اﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ‬
‫ﯾﺘﻢ وﺿﻊ اﻟﻘﻀﺒﺎن اﻟﻠﻘﻤﯿﺔ أوﻻً ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺗﻌﺴﻔﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﺮار ﻧﻮع اﻟﻮﺟﮫ‬
‫ ﻣﻠﻢ أﻣﺎم اﻟﺼﻤﺎخ اﻟﺴﻤﻌﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺠﺮى اﻟﮭﻮاﺋﻲ‬13 ‫اﻟﻘﻮس اﻟﻮﺟﮭﻲ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ‬
‫ ﯾُﻄﻠﺐ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺮﯾﺾ اﻟﻘﯿﺎم ﺑﺤﺮﻛﺎت اﻟﻔﺘﺢ واﻹﻏﻼق‬.‫ﺧﻂ‬
16 ‫ ﻣﻠﻢ ﻛﻤﺎ ھﻮ اﻟﺤﺎل ﻓﻲ ذﻟﻚ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬12 ‫ ﯾﺠﺐ أﻻ ﯾﺰﯾﺪ ﺣﺠﻢ اﻟﻔﺘﺤﺔ ﻋﻦ‬.‫ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﯾﺔ‬
.‫ﺳﺘﺒﺪأ اﻟﻠﻘﻤﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ذﻟﻚ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ ﺑﺪﻻً ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﺪوﯾﺮ‬
‫ﯾﺘﻢ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﻗﻀﯿﺐ اﻟﻠﻘﻤﺔ ﺣﻮل اﻟﻌﻼﻣﺔ اﻟﺘﻌﺴﻔﯿﺔ ﺣﺘﻰ‬
‫ وھﺬه اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ﻣﻤﯿﺰة و‬،‫ﯾﺪل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺪوران اﻟﻨﻘﻲ وھﻮ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ اﻟﺪوران‬
‫ﯾﺘﻢ ﻗﻔﻞ اﻟﻘﻀﺒﺎن اﻟﻠﻘﻤﯿﺔ ﺛﻢ ﺗﺘﻢ إزاﻟﺔ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻗﻮس اﻟﻮﺟﮫ و‬
‫ﻣﺜﺒﺘﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻔﺼﻞ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬
Dentistry Department; 2nd Grade Al-Hikma University
College

Kinematic facebow

The end

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