LEC.

(3)

CONNECTIVE
TISSUE
‫ سعد غضبان‬. ‫ د‬. ‫ا‬
 NOTE: ALL CONNECTIVE TISSUES HAVE:

Common •
origin -
from
mesenchyme

Common •
structure
Cells +
Extracellular
substance
Common •
similar)
functions
 ‫اﻟﻨﺴﯿﺞ اﻟﻀﺎم اﻟﺠﻨﯿﻨﻲ‪ :‬اﻟﻠﺤﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ‬

‫اﻟﻮﺻﻒ‪ :‬ﺟﻨﯿﻨﻲ‬
‫اﻟﻨﺴﯿﺞ اﻟﻀﺎم؛‬
‫ﻣﺎدة أرﺿﯿﺔ ﺗﺸﺒﮫ‬
‫اﻟﮭﻼم ﺗﺤﺘﻮي‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫أﻟﯿﺎف؛ اﻟﺨﻼﯾﺎ‬
‫اﻟﻮﺳﯿﻄﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ ﻧﺠﻤﺔ‪.‬‬

‫اﻟﻮظﯿﻔﺔ‪ :‬ﯾﺆدي إﻟﻰ ظﮭﻮر ﺟﻤﯿﻊ أﻧﻮاع اﻷﻧﺴﺠﺔ‬

‫اﻟﻀﺎﻣﺔ اﻷﺧﺮى‪.‬‬

‫اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ‪ :‬ﻓﻲ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻘﺎم اﻷول‬
‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﻨﯿﻦ‬

‫ﺻﻮرة ﻣﺠﮭﺮﯾﺔ‪ :‬اﻟﻠﺤﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ‪ ،‬اﻟﻨﺴﯿﺞ اﻟﻀﺎم اﻟﺠﻨﯿﻨﻲ )‪.×385‬‬

‫ﺗﺘﻜﻮن اﻟﻤﺼﻔﻮﻓﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺎدة اﻷرﺿﯿﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﺋﻠﺔ )ﺧﻠﻔﯿﺔ واﺿﺤﺔ اﻟﻤﻈﮭﺮ( واﻷﻟﯿﺎف اﻟﺪﻗﯿﻘﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺘﻔﺮﻗﺔ‪.‬‬
 F I G U R E 4 . 8 A C ON N E C T I V E T I S S U E S . ‫ اﻟﮭﺎﻟﺔ‬-1 ،‫ اﻟﻨﺴﯿﺞ اﻟﻀﺎم اﻟﺮﺧﻮ‬-‫ أ‬:‫اﻟﻨﺴﯿﺞ اﻟﻀﺎم اﻟﺴﻠﯿﻢ‬

1) Connective tissue proper: A- loose connective tissue, 1- areolar

‫ واﻟﺨﻼﯾﺎ‬،‫ اﻟﺨﻼﯾﺎ اﻟﻠﯿﻔﯿﺔ‬:‫ ﻣﺼﻔﻮﻓﺔ ﺗﺸﺒﮫ اﻟﮭﻼم ﻣﻊ ﺟﻤﯿﻊ أﻧﻮاع اﻷﻟﯿﺎف اﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ؛ اﻟﺨﻼﯾﺎ‬:‫اﻟﻮﺻﻒ‬
Description: Gel-like matrix with all .‫ وﺑﻌﺾ ﺧﻼﯾﺎ اﻟﺪم اﻟﺒﯿﻀﺎء‬،‫ واﻟﺨﻼﯾﺎ اﻟﺒﺪﯾﻨﺔ‬،‫اﻟﺒﻠﻌﻤﯿﺔ‬

three fiber types; cells: fibroblasts,

macrophages, mast cells, and some
white blood cells. Elastic
fibers
Function: Wraps and cushions
organs; its macrophages phagocytize
bacteria; plays important role in
Collagen
inflammation; holds and conveys fibers
tissue fluid. ‫ ﯾﻠﺘﻒ وﯾﺒﻄﻦ اﻷﻋﻀﺎء؛ ﺗﻘﻮم ﺑﻼﻋﻤﮭﺎ‬:‫اﻟﻮظﯿﻔﺔ‬
‫ ﯾﺤﻤﻞ‬.‫ﺑﺒﻠﻌﻤﺔ اﻟﺒﻜﺘﯿﺮﯾﺎ؛ ﯾﻠﻌﺐ دورا ھﺎﻣﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻻﻟﺘﮭﺎب‬
.‫وﯾﻨﻘﻞ ﺳﺎﺋﻞ اﻷﻧﺴﺠﺔ‬
Location: Widely distributed under Fibroblast
epithelia of body, e.g., forms lamina nuclei
‫ موزعة على‬:‫املوقع‬
propria of mucous membranes; ‫نطاق واسع تحت‬
‫ على‬،‫ظهارة الجسم‬
packages organs; surrounds ‫ تشكل‬،‫سبيل املثال‬
capillaries. ‫الصفيحة‬
‫املخصوصة‬
.‫لألغشية املخاطية‬
‫ يحيط‬.‫حزم األجهزة‬
.‫بالشعيرات الدموية‬
Epithelium

Lamina
propria

Photomicrograph: Areolar connective tissue, a

soft packaging tissue of the body (300x).
.(300x) ‫ وھﻮ ﻧﺴﯿﺞ ﺗﻐﻠﯿﻒ ﻧﺎﻋﻢ ﻟﻠﺠﺴﻢ‬،‫ اﻟﻨﺴﯿﺞ اﻟﻀﺎم اﻟﮭﺎﻟﻲ‬:‫ﺻﻮرة ﻣﺠﮭﺮﯾﺔ‬
 F I G UR E 4 . 8 B C O NNE C T I VE T I S S UE S .
(1) Connective tissue proper: A- loose connective tissue, 2- adipose
‫أدﯾﺒﻮس‬-2 ،‫اﻟﻨﺴﯿﺞ اﻟﻀﺎم ﻓﻀﻔﺎض‬-‫ أ‬:‫اﻟﻨﺴﯿﺞ اﻟﻀﺎم اﻟﺴﻠﯿﻢ‬
Description: Matrix as in areolar, ‫ ﻟﺪﯾﮭﺎ‬،‫ أو اﻟﺨﻼﯾﺎ اﻟﺪھﻨﯿﺔ‬،‫ وﻟﻜﻨﮭﺎ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺛﺮة ﺟﺪًا؛ اﻟﺨﻼﯾﺎ اﻟﺸﺤﻤﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﻜﺘﻈﺔ‬،‫ ﻣﺼﻔﻮﻓﺔ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﮭﺎﻟﺔ‬:‫اﻟﻮﺻﻒ‬
.‫ﯾﺘﻢ دﻓﻊ اﻟﻨﻮاة إﻟﻰ اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺐ ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ ﻗﻄﺮة دھﻨﯿﺔ ﻛﺒﯿﺮة‬
but very sparse; closely packed
adipocytes, or fat cells, have ‫ ﺗﻮﻓﯿﺮ اﻟﻮﻗﻮد‬:‫اﻟﻮظﯿﻔﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻐﺬاﺋﻲ اﻻﺣﺘﯿﺎطﻲ؛ ﯾﻌﺰل‬
nucleus pushed to the side by large .‫ﺿﺪ ﻓﻘﺪان اﻟﺤﺮارة‬
fat droplet. .‫ﯾﺪﻋﻢ وﯾﺤﻤﻲ اﻷﻋﻀﺎء‬

Function: Provides reserve food

fuel; insulates against heat loss; Nucleus of
supports and protects organs. fat cell

Location: Under skin in the

hypodermis; around kidneys and
eyeballs; within abdomen; in breasts.
‫ ﺣﻮل اﻟﻜﻠﻰ وﻣﻘﻞ‬.‫ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﺠﻠﺪ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﺠﻠﺪ‬:‫اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ‬
.‫ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺜﺪﯾﯿﻦ‬.‫ داﺧﻞ اﻟﺒﻄﻦ‬.‫اﻟﻌﯿﻮن‬ Adipose Vacuole
tissue containing
fat droplet

Mammary
glands

Photomicrograph: Adipose tissue from the

subcutaneous layer under the skin (350x).
.(350x) ‫ اﻷﻧﺴﺠﺔ اﻟﺪھﻨﯿﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﺠﻠﺪ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﺠﻠﺪ‬:‫ﺻﻮرة ﻣﺠﮭﺮﯾﺔ‬
 F I G UR E 4 . 8 C C O NNE C T I VE T I S S UE S .
(1) Connective tissue proper: A- loose connective tissue, 3- reticular ‫اﻟﺸﺒﻜﯿﺔ‬-3 ،‫ اﻟﻨﺴﯿﺞ اﻟﻀﺎم اﻟﺴﺎﺋﺐ‬-‫ أ‬:‫اﻟﻨﺴﯿﺞ اﻟﻀﺎم اﻟﺴﻠﯿﻢ‬
.‫ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻷﻟﯿﺎف اﻟﺸﺒﻜﯿﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺎدة أرﺿﯿﺔ ﺳﺎﺋﺒﺔ ﻧﻤﻮذﺟﯿﺔ؛ ﺗﻘﻊ اﻟﺨﻼﯾﺎ اﻟﺸﺒﻜﯿﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬:‫اﻟﻮﺻﻒ‬
‫ ﺗﺸﻜﻞ اﻷﻟﯿﺎف ھﯿﻜﻼً ﻋﻈﻤﯿًﺎ داﺧﻠﯿًﺎ ﻧﺎﻋﻤًﺎ )ﺳﺘﺮوﻣﺎ( ﯾﺪﻋﻢ أﻧﻮاع اﻟﺨﻼﯾﺎ اﻷﺧﺮى ﺑﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ذﻟﻚ ﺧﻼﯾﺎ اﻟﺪم اﻟﺒﯿﻀﺎء واﻟﺨﻼﯾﺎ‬:‫اﻟﻮظﯿﻔﺔ‬
Description: Network of reticular .‫اﻟﺒﺪﯾﻨﺔ واﻟﺒﻼﻋﻢ‬
fibers in a typical loose ground
substance; reticular cells lie on the
network.
Function: Fibers form a soft internal
skeleton (stroma) that supports other
cell types including white blood cells,
mast cells, and macrophages.
White blood
cell
Location: Lymphoid organs (lymph (lymphocyte)
nodes, bone marrow, and spleen).
.(‫ واﻟﻄﺤﺎل‬،‫ ﻧﺨﺎع اﻟﻌﻈﻢ‬،‫ اﻷﻋﻀﺎء اﻟﻠﻤﻔﺎوﯾﺔ )اﻟﻌﻘﺪ اﻟﻠﯿﻤﻔﺎوﯾﺔ‬:‫اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ‬
Reticular
fibers

Spleen

‫ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ داﻛﻨﺔ‬:‫ﺻﻮرة ﻣﺠﮭﺮﯾﺔ‬

‫اﻟﻠﻮن ﻣﻦ أﻟﯿﺎف اﻟﻨﺴﯿﺞ اﻟﻀﺎم‬
Photomicrograph: Dark-staining network of reticular
‫اﻟﺸﺒﻜﻲ ﺗﺸﻜﻞ اﻟﮭﯿﻜﻞ اﻟﻌﻈﻤﻲ‬
connective tissue fibers forming the internal skeleton ‫اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻲ‬
of the spleen (350x). .(350x) ‫اﻟﻄﺤﺎل‬
 F I G UR E 4 . 8 D C O NNE C T I VE T I S S UE S .

(1) Connective tissue proper: B- dense connective tissue, 1- dense regular

‫ اﻟﻜﺜﯿﻔﺔ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﻈﻤﺔ‬-1 ،‫ اﻷﻧﺴﺠﺔ اﻟﻀﺎﻣﺔ اﻟﻜﺜﯿﻔﺔ‬-‫ ب‬:‫اﻷﻧﺴﺠﺔ اﻟﻀﺎﻣﺔ اﻟﺴﻠﯿﻤﺔ‬
‫ ﻧﻮع اﻟﺨﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﺮﺋﯿﺴﯿﺔ ھﻮ‬.‫ ﻋﺪد ﻗﻠﯿﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻷﻟﯿﺎف اﻟﻤﺮﻧﺔ‬.‫ أﻟﯿﺎف اﻟﻜﻮﻻﺟﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﺘﻮازﯾﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻘﺎم اﻷول‬:‫اﻟﻮﺻﻒ‬
Description: Primarily parallel .‫اﻟﺨﻼﯾﺎ اﻟﻠﯿﻔﯿﺔ‬
collagen fibers; a few elastic fibers;
major cell type is the fibroblast.

Function: Attaches muscles to Collagen

bones or to muscles; attaches bones fibers
to bones; withstands great tensile
stress when pulling force is applied
‫ رﺑﻂ اﻟﻌﻀﻼت ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻈﺎم أو‬:‫اﻟﻮظﯿﻔﺔ‬
in one direction. ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻀﻼت؛اﻟﻜﺒﯿﺮ‬
‫ ﯾﺘﺤﻤﻞ ﺿﻐﻂ اﻟﺸﺪ‬.‫ﯾﻌﻠﻖ اﻟﻌﻈﺎم ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌﻈﺎم‬
.‫ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﻄﺒﯿﻖ ﻗﻮة اﻟﺴﺤﺐ ﻓﻲ اﺗﺠﺎه واﺣﺪ‬
Location: Tendons, most
ligaments, aponeuroses.
.‫ اﻟﺴﻔﺎق‬،‫ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ اﻷرﺑﻄﺔ‬،‫ اﻷوﺗﺎر‬:‫اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ‬ Nuclei of
fibroblasts
Shoulder
joint

Ligament

Tendon

Photomicrograph: Dense regular connective

tissue from a tendon (500x).
.(500x) ‫ ﻧﺴﯿﺞ ﺿﺎم ﻣﻨﺘﻈﻢ ﻛﺜﯿﻒ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻮﺗﺮ‬:‫ﺻﻮرة ﻣﺠﮭﺮﯾﺔ‬
 F I G UR E 4 . 8 E C O NNE C T I VE T I S S UE S .
(1) Connective tissue proper: B- dense connective tissue, 2- dense irregular
‫ اﻟﻜﺜﯿﻒ ﻏﯿﺮ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﻈﻢ‬-2 ،‫ اﻟﻨﺴﯿﺞ اﻟﻀﺎم اﻟﻜﺜﯿﻒ‬-‫ ب‬:‫( اﻟﻨﺴﯿﺞ اﻟﻀﺎم اﻟﺴﻠﯿﻢ‬1)
‫ ﻧﻮع‬.‫ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻷﻟﯿﺎف اﻟﻤﺮﻧﺔ‬.‫ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻘﺎم اﻷول أﻟﯿﺎف اﻟﻜﻮﻻﺟﯿﻦ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﺔ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﻨﺘﻈﻢ‬:‫اﻟﻮﺻﻒ‬
Description: Primarily .‫اﻟﺨﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﺮﺋﯿﺴﯿﺔ ھﻮ اﻟﺨﻼﯾﺎ اﻟﻠﯿﻔﯿﺔ‬
irregularly arranged collagen
fibers; some elastic fibers;
major cell type is the fibroblast.

Function: Able to withstand Nuclei of

tension exerted in many fibroblasts
directions; provides structural
strength. ‫ ﻗﺎدرة ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﺘﻮﺗﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺪﯾﺪ‬:‫اﻟﻮظﯿﻔﺔ‬
.‫ﻣﻦ اﻻﺗﺠﺎھﺎت؛ ﯾﻮﻓﺮ اﻟﻘﻮة اﻟﮭﯿﻜﻠﯿﺔ‬
Location: Fibrous capsules of
organs and of joints; dermis of
the skin; submucosa of ‫ ﻛﺒﺴﻮﻻت ﻟﯿﻔﯿﺔ‬:‫اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ‬ Collagen
‫ أدﻣﺔ‬.‫ﻟﻸﻋﻀﺎء واﻟﻤﻔﺎﺻﻞ‬ fibers
digestive tract. ‫اﻟﺠﻠﺪ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﻤﺨﺎطﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﺠﮭﺎز‬
.‫اﻟﮭﻀﻤﻲ‬

Fibrous
joint
capsule

Photomicrograph: Dense irregular

connective tissue from the dermis of the
skin (400x).
‫ ﻧﺴﯿﺞ ﺿﺎم ﻛﺜﯿﻒ ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﻨﺘﻈﻢ ﻣﻦ‬:‫ﺻﻮرة ﻣﺠﮭﺮﯾﺔ‬
(400x) ‫أدﻣﺔ اﻟﺠﻠﺪ‬
 F I G UR E 4 . 8 F C O NNE C T I VE T I S S UE S .
(1) Connective tissue proper: B- dense connective tissue, 3- elastic ‫ اﻟﻤﺮﻧﺔ‬-3 ،‫ اﻷﻧﺴﺠﺔ اﻟﻀﺎﻣﺔ اﻟﻜﺜﯿﻔﺔ‬-‫ ب‬:‫اﻷﻧﺴﺠﺔ اﻟﻀﺎﻣﺔ اﻟﺴﻠﯿﻤﺔ‬

.‫ ﻧﺴﯿﺞ ﺿﺎم ﻣﻨﺘﻈﻢ ﻛﺜﯿﻒ ﯾﺤﺘﻮي ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﯿﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻷﻟﯿﺎف اﻟﻤﺮﻧﺔ‬:‫اﻟﻮﺻﻒ‬
Description: Dense regular
connective tissue containing a high ‫ ﺗﺴﻤﺢ ﺑﺎرﺗﺪاد اﻷﻧﺴﺠﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺘﻤﺪد؛‬:‫اﻟﻮظﯿﻔﺔ‬
proportion of elastic fibers. .‫ﯾﺤﺎﻓﻆ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺪﻓﻖ اﻟﺪم اﻟﻨﺎﺑﺾ ﻋﺒﺮ اﻟﺸﺮاﯾﯿﻦ‬
‫ﯾﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻻرﺗﺪاد اﻟﺴﻠﺒﻲ ﻟﻠﺮﺋﺘﯿﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ‬
.‫اﻹﻟﮭﺎم‬
Function: Allows recoil of tissue
following stretching; maintains
pulsatile flow of blood through
arteries; aids passive recoil of lungs
following inspiration.
Elastic fibers
Location: Walls of large arteries;
within certain ligaments associated
with the vertebral column; within the
walls of the bronchial tubes. ‫اﻟﺸﺮاﯾﯿﻦ‬ ‫ ﺟﺪران‬:‫اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ‬
‫اﻟﻜﺒﯿﺮة؛ داﺧﻞ ﺑﻌﺾ‬
‫اﻷرﺑﻄﺔ اﻟﻤﺮﺗﺒﻄﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻤﻮد‬
‫اﻟﻔﻘﺮي؛ داﺧﻞ ﺟﺪران‬
‫اﻟﺤﻮض اﻟﻘﺼﺒﻲ‬

Aorta

Heart

Photomicrograph: Elastic connective tissue in

the wall of the aorta (250x).
‫ ﻧﺴﯿﺞ ﺿﺎم ﻣﺮن ﻓﻲ‬:‫ﺻﻮرة ﻣﺠﮭﺮﯾﺔ‬
.(250x) ‫ﺟﺪار اﻟﺸﺮﯾﺎن اﻷورطﻲ‬
 F I G UR E 4 . 8 G C O NNE C T I VE T I S S UE S .
.‫اﻷﻧﺴﺠﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺼﻠﺔ‬
(2) Cartilage: A- hyaline ‫ زﺟﺎﺟﻲ‬-‫ أ‬:‫( اﻟﻐﻀﺮوف‬2)
‫ ﺗﻨﺘﺞ‬.‫ ﻣﺼﻔﻮﻓﺔ ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺘﺒﻠﻮرة وﻟﻜﻦ ﺛﺎﺑﺘﺔ؛ ﺗﺸﻜﻞ أﻟﯿﺎف اﻟﻜﻮﻻﺟﯿﻦ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺳﺔ‬:‫اﻟﻮﺻﻒ‬
Description: Amorphous but firm .‫ وﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﻨﻀﺞ )اﻟﺨﻼﯾﺎ اﻟﻐﻀﺮوﻓﯿﺔ( ﺗﻘﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺛﻐﺮات‬،‫اﻟﺨﻼﯾﺎ اﻟﻐﻀﺮوﻓﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﺼﻔﻮﻓﺔ‬
matrix; collagen fibers form an
imperceptible network; chondroblasts
produce the matrix and when mature
(chondrocytes) lie in lacunae.

Function: Supports and reinforces;

has resilient cushioning properties;
resists compressive stress. ‫ ﯾﺪﻋﻢ وﯾﻌﺰز؛ ﻟﺪﯾﮫ‬:‫اﻟﻮظﯿﻔﺔ‬
‫ ﯾﻘﺎوم‬.‫ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ ﺗﻮﺳﯿﺪ ﻣﺮﻧﺔ‬
.‫اﻹﺟﮭﺎد اﻟﻀﺎﻏﻂ‬
Location: Forms most of the Chondrocyte
in lacuna
embryonic skeleton; covers the ends
of long bones in joint cavities; forms
costal cartilages of the ribs; cartilages
of the nose, trachea, and larynx.
Matrix

Costal
cartilages

Photomicrograph: Hyaline cartilage from the

trachea (750x). ‫ﻏﻀﺮوف زﺟﺎﺟﻲ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﺼﺒﺔ اﻟﮭﻮاﺋﯿﺔ‬
.(750x)
‫ يغطي أطراف العظام الطويلة في تجاويف‬.‫ يشكل معظم الهيكل العظمي الجنيني‬:‫املوقع‬
.‫ غضاريف األنف والقصبة الهوائية والحنجرة‬.‫ يشكل الغضاريف الساحلية لألضالع‬.‫املفاصل‬
 F I G UR E 4 . 8 H C O NNE C T I VE T I S S UE S .
(2) Cartilage: B- elastic ‫ ﻣﺮن‬-‫ ب‬:‫اﻟﻐﻀﺮوف‬

Description: Similar to hyaline

cartilage, but more elastic fibers
in matrix. ،‫ ﯾﺸﺒﮫ اﻟﻐﻀﺮوف اﻟﺰﺟﺎﺟﻲ‬:‫اﻟﻮﺻﻒ‬
.‫وﻟﻜﻦ ﯾﺤﺘﻮي ﻋﻠﻰ أﻟﯿﺎف أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﺮوﻧﺔ‬

Function: Maintains the shape

of a structure while allowing Chondrocyte
great flexibility. ‫ ﯾﺤﺎﻓﻆ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻜﻞ‬:‫اﻟﻮظﯿﻔﺔ‬ in lacuna
‫اﻟﮭﯿﻜﻞ ﻣﻊ اﻟﺴﻤﺎح ﺑﻤﺮوﻧﺔ‬
.‫ﻛﺒﯿﺮة‬
Location: Supports the external Matrix
ear (pinna); epiglottis.
‫ ﯾﺪﻋﻢ اﻷذن اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﯿﺔ‬:‫اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ‬
‫)اﻟﺼﯿﻮان(؛‬

Photomicrograph: Elastic cartilage from

the human ear pinna; forms the flexible
skeleton of the ear (800x).
‫ﻏﻀﺮوف ﻣﺮن ﻣﻦ ﺻﯿﻮان اﻷذن اﻟﺒﺸﺮﯾﺔ؛‬
800x) ‫ﯾﺸﻜﻞ اﻟﮭﯿﻜﻞ اﻟﻌﻈﻤﻲ اﻟﻤﺮن ﻟﻸذن‬
 F I G UR E 4 . 8 I C O NNE C T I VE T I S S UE S .
2) Cartilage: B- fibrocartilage ‫ ﻏﻀﺮوف ﻟﯿﻔﻲ ب‬:‫اﻟﻐﻀﺮوف‬
‫ ﻣﺼﻔﻮﻓﺔ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﮭﺔ وﻟﻜﻨﮭﺎ أﻗﻞ ﺻﻼﺑﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮدة ﻓﻲ اﻟﻐﻀﺮوف‬:‫اﻟﻮﺻﻒ‬
Description: Matrix similar to .‫ ﺗﺴﻮد أﻟﯿﺎف اﻟﻜﻮﻻﺟﯿﻦ اﻟﺴﻤﯿﻜﺔ‬.‫اﻟﺰﺟﺎﺟﻲ‬
but less firm than that in hyaline
cartilage; thick collagen fibers
predominate.

Function: Tensile strength

‫ ﻗﻮة اﻟﺸﺪ‬:‫اﻟﻮظﯿﻔﺔ‬
with the ability to absorb ‫ﻣﻊ‬
‫اﻟﻘﺪرة ﻋﻠﻰ اﻣﺘﺼﺎص‬
compressive shock. .‫اﻟﺼﺪﻣﺎت اﻟﻀﺎﻏﻄﺔ‬

Location: Intervertebral discs;

pubic symphysis; discs of knee
joint. .‫ اﻷﻗﺮاص اﻟﻔﻘﺮﯾﺔ‬:‫اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ‬ Chondrocytes
‫اﻻرﺗﻔﺎق اﻟﻌﺎﻧﻲ؛ أﻗﺮاص‬ in lacunae
Intervertebral .‫ﻣﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺮﻛﺒﺔ‬
discs
Collagen
fiber

Photomicrograph: Fibrocartilage of an ‫اﻟﻐﻀﺮوف اﻟﻠﯿﻔﻲ ﻟﻠﻘﺮص اﻟﻔﻘﺮي‬

intervertebral disc (125x). Special staining ‫ أﻧﺘﺞ ﺗﻠﻄﯿﺦ ﺧﺎص‬.(125x)
produced the blue color seen. .‫اﻟﻠﻮن اﻷزرق اﻟﺬي ﺷﻮھﺪ‬
 F I G UR E 4 . 8 J C O NNE C T I VE T I S S UE S .
(3) Bone (osseous tissue) (‫اﻟﻌﻈﺎم )اﻟﻨﺴﯿﺞ اﻟﻌﻈﻤﻲ‬
‫ ﺗﻜﻤﻦ اﻟﺨﻼﯾﺎ اﻟﻌﻈﻤﯿﺔ ﻓﻲ‬.‫ ﻣﺎدة ﺻﻠﺒﺔ ﻣﺘﻜﻠﺴﺔ ﺗﺤﺘﻮي ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌﺪﯾﺪ ﻣﻦ أﻟﯿﺎف اﻟﻜﻮﻻﺟﯿﻦ‬:‫اﻟﻮﺻﻒ‬
Description: Hard, calcified .‫ اﻷوﻋﯿﺔ اﻟﺪﻣﻮﯾﺔ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺟﯿﺪ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﯾﺔ‬.‫اﻟﺜﻐﺮات‬
matrix containing many collagen
fibers; osteocytes lie in lacunae.
Very well vascularized.

Function: Bone supports and Central

protects (by enclosing); canal
provides levers for the muscles
to act on; stores calcium and Lacunae
other minerals and fat; marrow
inside bones is the site for blood
cell formation (hematopoiesis).
‫ دﻋﻢ اﻟﻌﻈﺎم وﺣﻤﺎﯾﺘﮭﺎ‬:‫اﻟﻮظﯿﻔﺔ‬ Lamella
‫)ﻋﻦ طﺮﯾﻖ اﻟﺘﻄﻮﯾﻖ(؛ ﯾﻮﻓﺮ‬
.‫رواﻓﻊ ﻟﻠﻌﻀﻼت ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ‬
Location: Bones ‫ﯾﺨﺰن اﻟﻜﺎﻟﺴﯿﻮم واﻟﻤﻌﺎدن‬
‫ اﻟﻨﺨﺎع‬.‫واﻟﺪھﻮن اﻷﺧﺮى‬
‫ اﻟﻌﻈﺎم‬:‫اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ‬ ‫داﺧﻞ اﻟﻌﻈﺎم ھﻮ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺗﻜﻮﯾﻦ‬
.(‫ﺧﻼﯾﺎ اﻟﺪم )ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﺪم‬

Photomicrograph: Cross-sectional view

of bone (125x).
.(125x) ‫ﻋﺮض ﻣﻘﻄﻌﻲ ﻟﻠﻌﻈﻢ‬
 F IGU R E 4 .8 K C ON N E CT IVE T IS S U E S.
(4) Blood

Description: Red and white

blood cells in a fluid matrix
(plasma). ‫ ﺧﻼﯾﺎ اﻟﺪم اﻟﺤﻤﺮاء واﻟﺒﯿﻀﺎء ﻓﻲ ﻣﺼﻔﻮﻓﺔ‬:‫اﻟﻮﺻﻒ‬
.(‫اﻟﺴﻮاﺋﻞ )اﻟﺒﻼزﻣﺎ‬
Plasma
Function: Transport of
respiratory gases, nutrients,
wastes, and other substances. Neutrophil
‫ ﻧﻘﻞ ﻏﺎزات اﻟﺠﮭﺎز اﻟﺘﻨﻔﺴﻲ واﻟﻤﻮاد اﻟﻤﻐﺬﯾﺔ‬:‫اﻟﻮظﯿﻔﺔ‬
.‫واﻟﻔﻀﻼت وﻏﯿﺮھﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻮاد‬
Location: Contained within
blood vessels.
Red blood
.‫ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد داﺧﻞ اﻷوﻋﯿﺔ اﻟﺪﻣﻮﯾﺔ‬:‫اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ‬ cells

Lymphocyte

Photomicrograph: Smear of human blood (1860x); two

‫(؛ ﺗﻈﮭﺮ ﺧﻠﯿﺘﯿﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﯾﺎ اﻟﺪم‬1860x) ‫ﻣﺴﺤﺔ ﻣﻦ دم اﻹﻧﺴﺎن‬ white blood cells (neutrophil in upper left and lymphocyte
‫اﻟﺒﯿﻀﺎء )اﻟﻌﺪﻻت ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﺰء اﻟﻌﻠﻮي اﻷﯾﺴﺮ واﻟﺨﻼﯾﺎ اﻟﻠﯿﻤﻔﺎوﯾﺔ‬ in lower right) are seen surrounded by red blood cells.
.‫ﻓﻲ أﺳﻔﻞ اﻟﯿﻤﯿﻦ( ﻣﺤﺎطﺘﯿﻦ ﺑﺨﻼﯾﺎ اﻟﺪم اﻟﺤﻤﺮاء‬
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