NAME: DOMINGO, JENNIFER D.

DATE: FEBRUARY 29, 2024

SR CODE: 20-01417

QUIZ NO. 1

PLANNING 3: INTRODUCTION TO URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING

1. Identify certain LGU; and apply the Basic Parts of Human Settlements in

that place and explain briefly.

Let's focus on the local government unit (LGU) of Makati City in the Philippines.

Known as the country's premier financial and business district, Makati exemplifies a

well-organized human settlement with distinct components. In terms of residential

areas, Makati boasts a mix of housing options, from upscale condominiums in the

central business district to more traditional residential communities. The city is home

to numerous commercial areas, including Ayala Center, a thriving hub of shopping

malls, restaurants, and offices, contributing significantly to the economic vitality of the

region.

Makati also features institutional areas with prominent educational institutions like

the Asian Institute of Management and the Mapúa University Makati Campus.

Recreational spaces, such as Ayala Triangle Gardens, provide greenery and leisure

spots for residents and workers. Additionally, the city has well-planned transportation

networks, with major roads and highways facilitating easy access to and from Makati.

In summary, Makati City's urban planning integrates residential, commercial,

institutional, recreational, and transportation areas, creating a dynamic and balanced

human settlement catering to the diverse needs of its population.

 2. Discuss the different types of economic activities where location theory

is applied.

Location theory is applied to various economic activities, each characterized by

distinct spatial considerations. In the context of manufacturing, industries often

strategize their locations based on factors such as proximity to raw materials,

transportation networks, and access to skilled labor. Retail and commercial activities

are guided by consumer accessibility, with businesses seeking locations that

maximize customer reach and visibility, often influenced by factors like foot traffic and

neighboring competitors. In agriculture, Johann Heinrich von Thünen's concentric

rings model illustrates how the optimal location for different crops is determined by

transportation costs and proximity to markets. Service industries, such as healthcare

and education, consider factors like population distribution and accessibility when

selecting their locations to effectively serve the community.

In the field of logistics and distribution, businesses aim to minimize transportation

costs by strategically placing warehouses and distribution centers along transportation

corridors. Finally, the location theory is applied to the real estate sector, where

considerations such as proximity to amenities, transportation hubs, and the central

business district impact the value and desirability of residential, commercial, and

industrial properties. In essence, location theory plays a pivotal role in shaping the

spatial distribution of a wide range of economic activities across various sectors.

3. Elaborate the concept of the Location Theory based on the idea

introduces by Johann Heinrich Von Thunen.

Johann Heinrich von Thünen's Location Theory, developed in the early 19th

century, lays the groundwork for understanding the spatial organization of agricultural
activities in rural areas. At the core of von Thünen's theory is the concept of concentric

rings surrounding a central market town. The arrangement is based on the economic

principle that different agricultural products have varying transportation costs, and

thus, their optimal location is determined by the balance between production costs and

the distance to the market. In the inner rings closest to the market town, high-value

and perishable goods are cultivated due to lower transportation costs, while in the

outer rings, less perishable and bulkier goods are produced. Beyond the economic

considerations, von Thünen also recognized the influence of soil fertility and land rent

in shaping the spatial distribution of agricultural activities. Despite its simplicity and

historical context, von Thünen's Location Theory remains foundational in

understanding the economic geography of rural landscapes and the principles

governing land use in relation to market proximity.

4. Elaborate the concept of the Location Theory based on the idea

introduced by William Alonzo.

William Alonso's Location Theory, developed in the 1960s, revolutionized the

understanding of urban land use patterns and economic activities. At its core, Alonso's

theory explores how accessibility and transportation costs influence the spatial

distribution of economic activities within urban areas. Central to this theory is the bid-

rent curve, which illustrates how land values and land use intensity change with

proximity to the central business district (CBD). As one moves closer to the CBD, land

becomes more valuable, leading to more intensive land use and vertical development.

Alonso's theory also emphasizes the concept of land-use efficiency, asserting that

businesses and industries compete for prime locations near the city center. Higher-

profit activities are willing to pay more for these central locations, influencing the spatial
arrangement of economic functions. Additionally, transportation infrastructure plays a

pivotal role, with areas possessing better accessibility attracting more valuable land

uses. Alonso's Location Theory remains influential in urban economics and planning,

providing valuable insights into the factors shaping the spatial organization of

economic activities within cities.

5. Discuss and elaborate the Central Place Theory.

The Central Place Theory, introduced by German geographer Walter Christaller in

the 1930s, offers a systematic approach to understanding the spatial organization of

human settlements within a region. At its core, the theory posits that urban centers

function as central places that provide goods and services to the surrounding

population. These central places are arranged in a hierarchical order, with larger

settlements serving more specialized and diverse functions than smaller ones.

Christaller's model envisions a hexagonal pattern across the landscape, each central

place having a specific market area and avoiding overlap with neighboring

settlements. The hierarchy is determined by the concepts of threshold and range,

where larger settlements have higher thresholds, requiring a larger population to

sustain a certain level of goods and services, and greater ranges covering larger

geographic areas. While the Central Place Theory simplifies some aspects of human

geography and settlement patterns, it remains a foundational concept in urban

planning and regional development, aiding in the understanding of how cities and

towns play crucial roles in providing essential resources to their surrounding areas.