Lesson 5: Unpacking the Self: Physical Self Self-concept- cognitive representation of self-

knowledge, sum of all beliefs they have about their self

Self understanding - individual’s cognitive
representation of the self, substance and content of Personal identity- concept a person has about himself
self-conceptions. that develops over the years

Physical self- refers to the concrete dimensions of the Social Factors:

body, can be observed and examined
Attachment process and social appraisal- people learn
Physical characteristics- defining traits of features of a about their value and lovability after experiencing how
person’s body their mother/caregivers care to them and respond to
their needs
Puberty- period of rapid physical changes, a brain
neuroendocrine process Maintaining, Regulating, and Expanding the Self in
Interpersonal Relationships- sense of self is
Menarche- first menstrual flow continuously shaped though on-going interactions with
Spermarche or semenarche- first ejaculating or others
nocturnal emission The Looking-glass self-theory- Cooley stated that a
Pituitary Gland- master endocrine, controls growth and person’s self grows out of the society’s interpersonal
regulates the function of all endocrine glands including interactions and the perception of others
gonads Social identity theory (Tajfel and Turner) - framework
Three Periods of Adolescence: about how people achieve understanding about
themselves by being a member of his group
1. Early (11-14)
Social comparison- process of comparing oneself with
2. Middle (15-17) others in order to evaluate one’s own abilities and
opinions
3. Late (18-21)
Two types of social comparison:
Gonads- ovaries for girls and testes for boys
Upward social comparison- individual compares himself
Chemical substance (hormones) - estrogen for girls and
to others who are better than him
androgen and testosterone for boys
Downward social comparison- compares himself to
Body Image- how one sees himself or the way he
someone who is in a worse situation when he is feeling
imagines how he looks
low
Factors that Affect Perception of the Physical Self
Self- the person that someone truly is, characteristics as
Personal Factors: a person that is both known and unknown to others but
know to self
Introspection and self-reflection- process by which one
observes and examines one’s internal state after Identity- a person believes that she is representing a
behaving in a certain way synthesis and integration of self-understanding
(Santrock), traits, characteristics, social relation, roles
Self-perception theory- people can infer their inner and social group membership defines who he is, a way
state by observing their own behavior as if they are an of making sense of some aspect or part of self-concept
outside observer
Culture- social systems, shared meaning that are
attributed to people and events by its members
Beauty- quality of being physically attractive, gives Psychological- Sigmund Freud’s
pleasure to the senses of the mind
Psychosexual Stages of Development:
Eurocentrism- tendency to interpret the world in terms
of European and Anglo-American values 1. Oral- erogenous zone is the mouth,
2. Anal-erogenous zone is the anus
Colorism- preferential treatments based on the color of 3. Phallic-genital; the child experiences sexual
the skin attraction towards the opposite sex parent
 Oedipus Complex: sexual attraction
Self-esteem- overall evaluation that a person has of
of the boy child toward the mother
himself, can be positive, negative or high and low,
 Electra Complex: sexual attraction of
measure of self-worth based on some personal or social
the girl child toward the father
standard
4. Latency-social activities
Lesson 6: Unpacking the Self: Sexual Self 5. Genital-genital; development of adult social
relationship
Perspectives in Human Sexuality:
Structures of personality
Historical- Middle Ages, strong influence of the church,
church decreed that all sexual acts that do not lead to 1. Id: Pleasure principle
procreation were considered evil 2. Ego: Reality principle
3. Superego: Morality principle
 Protestantism believed that sexuality is a
natural part of life and that priests should be Religious
able to marry and have families
Judaism: positive and natural outlook toward marital
 Luther and John Calvin asserted that the reason sex which they consider as blessed by God and
for sexual intimacy was to strengthen the pleasurable for both man and woman
physical bond between husband and wives and
not just procreation. Islam: family is considered of utmost importance, and
 Victorian Era homosexuality and prostitution celibacy within marriage is prohibited; Muslim man can
were rampant, use of contraceptives, increase have up to 4 wives but Muslim woman can only have
in sexually transmitted diseases, and rise of one husband
feminism allowed for employment, home life,
Taoism: It originated in China; sex is a sacred union
and sexual standards for women.
necessary to people’s physical, mental, and female
Biological-Primary sex characteristics (male: testes, energy.
penis, scrotum, and seminal vesicle, prostate gland)
Hinduism: sexuality is a spiritual force
(female: fallopian tube, uterus, ovaries, vagina)
Roman Catholic Church: marriage is purely for
Sociobiological/Evolutionary
intercourse and procreation
 Natural Selection- organisms that are best
 Pope John Paul II believed that homosexuality
suited to their environment is most likely to
orientation in itself is not sinful, but
survive.
homosexual acts are immoral and sinful
 Beauty is an evolutionary standard for
 The use of birth control is strongly opposed but
attracting the best male and female in the lot to
they agree to natural family planning and
ensure that one’s genetic characteristics will be
prohibit abortion.
passed on to the next generation.
 Survival is the goal of the evolutionary
perspective
The Phases of Sexual Response
1. Excitement- It is characterized by an increase in heart
rate and blood pressure as well as heightened muscle
tone.
2. Plateau- It is characterized by intensification of the
changes begun during the excitement phase.
3. Orgasm- This is characterized by waves of intense
pleasure (climax) often associated within vaginal
contractions in females and ejaculation in males.
4. Resolution- In this phase, the body returns to its non-
excited state.
Love: Emotion or Drive?
 Being in love is a strong motivation, an addictive
craving to be with the other person
Three Phases of Romantic Love
1. Lust phase-intense craving for sexual contact
(androgen, estrogen, pheromones and the
senses)
2. Attraction phase- infatuated, focused the
attention and energy on one person (high
dopamine, and norepinephrine; low serotonin)
3. Attachment Phase- long term bind (oxytocin,
vasopressin)
John Lee’s Love Styles
Eros- based on strong sexual and emotional component,
initial excitement of new relationship, love at first sight,
does not last forever because they are quick to fall in
and out of love.
Agape- altruistic and selfless, shows love without
expecting a return, considers wishes of partner more
than his own, more acceptable to women than men
Storge- love-related friendship based on nonsexual
affection, love as gradual and slow process, goals are
commitment and stability
Ludus- love is just a game, do not experience jealousy,
does not value commitment and intimacy, manipulative
and cheaters
Mania- intense feeling, obsession and possession, ludic
take advantage of mania
Pragma- practical and business like love, love is based
on what is appropriate
The Triangular Theory of Love by Robert Stenberg
Three components of love:
1. Intimacy-desire to give and receive emotional
closeness
2. Passion-intensely romantic and physiological
arousal
3. Commitment- decision to maintain the
relationship
Stenberg’s types of love:
Liking (intimacy) - emotional intimacy and has no
passionate intention for long-term commitment. It is
just a friendly relationship.
Infatuation (passion)- only passion without intimacy or
commitment.
Empty love (commitment)- only commitment,
relationship with no intimacy and passion.
Romantic love (passion and intimacy)- emotional
intensity and excitement.
Companionate love (intimacy and commitment)-
experienced in long deeply committed friendship or
marriage where passion has faded.
Fatuous love (passion and commitment)- short time in
courtship and suddenly decided to get married.
Consummate love (passion, intimacy, and
commitment)- There exists a healthy balance
Social Psychological Reasons Why We Fall In Love
 Physical attractiveness- Though beauty is in the
eye of the beholder
 Reciprocity- People tend to like an individual
who also like them
 Proximity- Being around anytime physically and
virtually
  Similarities- Same age, same religion, education,
race, physical attractiveness, intelligence and
socio- economic class
Diversity of Sexual Behavior
Sociosexual Behavior- involving more than one person.
It is generally expressed in heterosexual behavior and
homosexual behavior
Solitary Behavior- self-masturbation or self-stimulation
with the intention of causing sexual arousal
Sexual Orientation- person’s predisposition or
inclination regarding sexual behavior, emotional
attachment or physical attraction to one or both sexes
Sexual Preference- deliberate choice of a sexual partner
Types of Sexual Orientation:
Homosexual- refers to a person whose sexual
orientation is toward another of the same sex
 Lesbian is a term used to describe a woman
whose sexual and romantic attraction is toward
women.
 Gay is a man whose sexual and romantic
attraction is toward men.
Heterosexual- is a person who’s sexual oriented toward
others of the opposite sex.
Bisexual- is a person who may be sexually oriented to
both men and women
Pansexual- is a new sexual orientation of persons who
are sexually attracted to people regardless of their sex
or identity.
Transgender- refers to a broad spectrum of individuals
who transiently or persistently identify with a gender
different from their natal gender
 Transsexual- individual who seek, or has
undergone, a social transition from male to
female or female to male
Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)
HIV/AIDS- Human Immunodeficiency Virus while AIDS
stands for Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, can
lead immune system deterioration.
Genital Herpes- caused by a large family of viruses of
different strains,
Genital Warts- caused by human papillomavirus, very
contagious
Gonorrhea- infection caused by the bacterium Neisseria
gonorrhea which thrives in the moist mucous
membrane linings of the mouth, throat, vagina, cervix
urethra, and the anal tract.
Syphilis- caused by the bacterium Treponema Pallidum,
a spirochete (four phases: primary, secondary, latent,
tertiary.
Chlamydia- bacteria called Chlamydia Trachomatis,
passed on through sex without a condom or sharing sex
toys
Methods of Contraception
Artificial- oral contraceptives, injectable, implants, male
and female condoms
Natural- rhythm or calendar method, abstinence or
celibacy, withdrawal
Sterilization- tubal ligation or sterilization, vasectomy,
intrauterine device or IUD
Lesson 7: Taking Care of one’s Health
Stress-mental and physical condition that people
encounter, accompanied by physiological reaction that
is triggered by the autonomic nervous system
Eustress- positive stress challenges and motivates
individuals to perform and to do their best
Stressors-environment that is perceived by the person
as threatening to him and whatever he is associated
with, Events, people, and even objects that give stress
are called stressors.
Signs of Stress 5. Seek social support

Emotional Signs: 6. Writing it down

 Anxiety- always tense and apprehensive Stress and the Filipinos

 Apathy- no response to situations
 Filipinos are a close-knit people. They usually
 Irritability- quick to anger and rapid mood
consider family to be main purpose of
changes
existence.
Behavioral Signs  love to be together and would usually get
together for small celebrations
 Avoidance of Responsibilities and Relationships-  sing out loud with their videokes unmindful
procrastinates a lot, attributes blame to others,
 Self-Destructive Behavior- engages in high risk RESILIENCE-is a positive trait, for Filipinos, is it really
emotional release like gambling, resilience? Or is it learned helplessness?
 Self-Neglect- poor grooming and hygiene
LEARNED HELPLESSNESS- the inability to do something
 Poor Judgment- difficulty in making decisions
to make a situation or task better
Physical Signs:
The Need for Self Care & Compassion
 Excessive Worrying- unnecessary concern about
 Listening to one’s body is a good way to
things that are irrelevant
connect to one’s physical being.
 Frequent Illness- poor health habits
 Always make time.
 Exhaustion- decreased stamina and drive
 Recognize and express emotions properly.
 Overuse of Medicines- to relieve physical and
 Reflect on what things are important for these
psychological pain
are the things that matter.
 Physical Ailments and Complaint- physiological
 Never stop learning.
manifestations of prolonged stress
 Never let a day go by without smiling, laughing,
Sources of Coping and Strength hugging somebody

The Individual- It is the individual himself who controls
how he will react to stressors.
The Type of Stress- effects of the stress on people
would depend on what to them is most valuable
The Circumstances- No matter how weak or
insignificant the stressor may be, if it hits the person at
a time when he is most vulnerable then, it will be hard
to deal with.
The Need for Compassion
 Compassion means “to suffer together”. It is
characterized by kindness, caring and sincere
actions to help others.
 Nothing in life is permanent. Nobody is sure
what the next day may bring.

Coping Strategies

1. Slow down

2. Organize and prioritize

3. Live a healthy life

4. Recognize and accept limits