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Cell Structure
Question paper 1

Level IGCSE(9-1)
Subject Biology
Exam Board Edexcel IGCSE
Module Double Award (Paper 1B)
Topic Structure and Functions in Living Organisms
Sub-Topic Cell Structure
Booklet Question paper 1

Time Allowed: 41 minutes

Score: /34

Percentage: /100

Grade Boundaries:

9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

>90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10%

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1 The immune system responds to infection using white blood cells. A phagocyte is
one type of white blood cell.
(a) (i) Draw and label a phagocyte. (3)

(ii) Give one way that the structure of this cell differs from a red blood cell.
(1)

. . . . . . . . . ..................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . ..................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(b) Describe how white blood cells are used by the body to defend against infection.
(5)

. . . . . . . . . ..................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . ..................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . ..................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . ..................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . ..................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . ..................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . ..................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . ..................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . ..................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . ..................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . ..................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . ..................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . ..................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Total for Question = 9 marks)

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2 (a) The diagram shows a section through a leaf.

(i) Name the structures labelled A and B.

(2)

A ..................................
palisade cell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .

B ..................................
guard cell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ii) Give the function of the waxy cuticle.
(1)

to reduce water loss by evaporation and act as a barrier to the entry of diseases -
. . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .................. .......................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

causing microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi.

. . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .................. .......................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(iii) Some of the leaf cells carry out photosynthesis. Write a word equation for this
process.
(2)
water + carbon dioxide ---light and chlorophyll------> glucose + oxygen
. . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .................. .......................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(iv) Plants, like all living organisms, need to excrete waste products.
Explain how the excretory product of photosynthesis is removed from the
leaf.
(2)

waste products
. . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . .are
. . . . . . . . . . . . stored
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .in
. . . . . . . the
. . . . . . . . . . . . .sap vacuole
. . .................. that is filled with watery lquid, so. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
..........................................................................................................................

waste products are removed from higher concentration to lower concentration by

. . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .................. .......................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

diffusion method.
. . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .................. .......................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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(b) Some plants lose their leaves in cooler months. This can be described as an
excretory mechanism. Suggest two other reasons why some plants lose their
leaves in cooler months.
(2)

1 . ...................................
they don't get
. . . . . . . . . . . . .enough
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .water
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .,
. . . .so they can't
. . . . . . ...................... do photosynthesis well, so they .don't
...................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

have enough energy.

. . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ........................................................................................................................... . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2 . ...................................
In winter, . .they
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .don't
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . get
. . . . . . . . . . . . enough sunlight.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...................... ...................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ........................................................................................................................... . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(c) Name one excretory organ in humans and name the substance it excretes.
(2)

organ kidney
...................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

toxic waste material from

substance .............................................................. the blood
.........................................................................................................................

(Total for Question = 11 marks)

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3 All organisms share common basic characteristics. Some of these are given below
with a simple description.

(a) Complete the table by adding the missing characteristics and the missing
descriptions.
(4)

Characteristic Description

plants make their own food and animals

nutrition
make their own food.

respiration releasing energy in cells

reproduction producing offspring

growth and development increase in size and complexity

(b) Organisms can be classified into different groups depending on their structure.

State two ways in which

(i) a typical plant cell differs from a typical animal cell
(2)

plant cell. . . .have

1 ................................ vacuole and animal cell doesn't have vacuole.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

plant cell. . . .have

2 ................................ chloroplast but animal cell dosen't have chloroplast.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(ii) a bacterium differs from a virus

(2)
bacterium have plasmid but viruses don't have plasmid.
1 ................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2 ................................
bacterium. . . are
. . . . . . . . . . . . .not
. . . . . . . . . . . . parasites
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .and can't reproduce inside host cell but viruses
. . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . .can.
......................

. . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Total for Question = 8 marks)

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4 (a) The diagram shows a plant cell drawn by a student.

(i) Label the diagram to show the selectively permeable membrane.

(1)

(ii) Name three parts of a typical plant cell that are not found in an animal cell.
(3)

1 . . . . cell wall
. . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2 . . . . . .vacuole
................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3 . . . . . . chloroplast
................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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(b) The diagram shows a glass container divided in half by a selectively permeable membrane.
One half contains water and the other half contains sucrose solution.

sucrose solution
water

selectively permeable
membrane

(i) Complete the diagram below to show the change to the level of the water
and the level of the sucrose solution after one hour.
(1)
sucrose solution

water selectively permeable membrane

(ii) Name the process that causes the change in the level of the water and the level of the
sucrose solution.
(1)

Osmosis
. . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Total for Question = 6 marks)