The Difference and Antibacterial Property of Human Tears and Eggwhites Against Staphylococcus Aureus

Department of Education-National Capital Region
Division of City Schools- Valenzuela

VALENZUELA NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
A. Fernando St., Marulas, Valenzuela City
The Difference and Antibacterial property of Human Tears and

Eggwhites against Staphylococcus Aureus
A Science Investigatory Project presented to
Valenzuela National High School
In a partial fulfillment
Of all the requirements in Research III
By
Poquiz, Mark Joseph P.
Reyes, Jan Vincenzo C.
Ortiz, Andrei Louie
Mendoza, Paolo A.
Tarras, Latrell A.
Cañon, Rhon Christian R.
Belen, Nikos M.
Aquino, Jian Paulo M.
Damian, Rasheed Zor-El DC.
1
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We would like to thank the people who contributed to this Science

Investigatory Project.
Furthermore, we would like to thank Lord God in providing us the

Wisdom to come up with different ideas for this Science Investigatory
Project, the Strength to finish this study.
We deeply thank our teachers for guiding us throughout this journey in

making this study possible and our schoolmates in helping us gather the
information needed for this study.
Lastly, we are so grateful to our supportive family who encouraged us

in our daily studying life and for continuing to pray for us up to this day. May
God bless us all in the near future.
2
Abstract
The aim of this study “The Difference and Antibacterial property of

Human Tears and Eggwhites against Staphylococcus Aureus” is to make an
efficient alternative medicine for Staphylococcus Aureus in a more reliable
and affordable way. With this, users having a problem with Staphylococcus
Aureus will be solved much easier this way.
3
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Acknowledgement
Abstract
CHAPTER I (INTRODUCTION)
Introduction………………………………………………………………………………6
Objectives…………………………………………………………………………………7
Hypothesis…………………………………………………………………………………7
Significance of the Study…………………………………………………………….7
Scope and Limitations…………………………………………………………………7
Definition of Terms…………………………………………………………………….8
Flowchart………………………………………………………………………………….8
CHAPTER II (REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES)
Related Literature and Related

Studies……………………………………………………………………… 9
CHAPTER III (METHODOLOGY)
Materials……………………………………………………………………………………… 18
Procedures…………………………………………………………………………………18
CHAPTER IV (PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF

DATA)……………………………………………………………………………………………………19
CHAPTER V (SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS)
Summary……………………………………………………………………………………22
Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………………22
4
Recommendation…………………………………………………………………………22
5
Chapter I
Introduction
In this chapter the focus of the study is showed and the reasons why
this study is conducted. This shows the importance of the study that can
help the people and the researchers to know more about the Staphyloccocus
Aureus and find more learnings about what is the properties or components
of human tears and eggwhites against Staphyloccocus aureus.
In this study, the researchers’ aim is to know the antibacterial
compositions of egg whites and human tears to kill the bacteria
Staphyloccocus Aureus. It can help us to determine if it is possible or
effective to kill the bacteria. Also, for further research it can help us to know
if it can be an alternative Staphyloccocus Aureus killer. It focuses on how
can egg whites and human tears can kill the specific bacteria.
The researchers present this study for us to know the properties of
egg whites and human tears as an aid for Staphylococcus Aureus.This study
for us is to prove that human tears and egg whites can be a viable option to
help aid the negative effects of staphylococcus bacteria.
6
Objectives
1.) To determine the antibacterial property of human tears and

eggwhites against Staphylococcus aureus.
2.) To compare the antibacterial property of human tears and

eggwhites on Staphyloccocus aureus with the commercially
available.
Hypothesis
There is no significant difference between human tears and eggwhites

in preventing Staphyloccocus Aureus infection as compared to the
commercially available antibacterial cream.
Significance of the study
This study aims to compare the antibacterial property of human tears

and eggwhites on Staphylococcus Aureus infection. This study will help
future researchers for them to make or improve new medicine and even
ordinary people .This study will also a good way of informing people that
human tears and eggwhites can be used to treat Staphylococcus Aureus
infection.
Scope and Limitatons
This study is about determining the antibacterial property of human

tears and eggwhites and to compare it with commercially available
antibacterial cream on Staphylococcus aureus bacteria.
All procedures conducted in the course of the study will be done in

Valenzuela National High school, A.Fernando street Marulas, Valenzuela City
under the close supervision of Mrs. Rivera, research adviser.
The laboratory tests will be performed in University of Philippines.
7
Definition of terms
Antibacterial -Anything that destroys bacteria or suppresses their

growth or their ability to reproduce.
Bacteria -a member of a large group of unicellular

microorganisms that have cell walls but lack
organelles and an organized nucleus, including some
that can cause disease.
Egg White -the clear, viscous substance around the yolk of an

egg that turns white when cooked or beaten.
Human Tears -Tearing lacrimation, or lachrymation is the secretion

of tears, which often serves to clean and lubricate
the eyes in response to an irritation of the eyes.
Staphylococcus aureus -Staphylococcus Aureus is a Gram-positive, round-

shaped bacterium that is a member of the
Firmicutes, and it is a member of the flora of the
body, frequently found in the nose, respiratory tract,
and on the skin
Flowchart
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
Human tears Determining the The egg whites and

antibacterial property human tears has an
Egg whites of human tears and egg antibacterial property
whites against against staphylococcus
Staphylococcus aureus. aureus.
8
CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE & STUDIES
Tears
According to Rituparna (2016), the tears can have the capability to kill
bacteria in the eyes, because tears have Lysozyme which is an enzyme that
can break down bacterial cell walls. Tears have lysozyme, an enzyme, as a
constituent. Lysozyme is an antibacterial substance which can kill gram
positive and, to a lesser extent, gram negai`ce bacteria by cleaving the beta
glycosidic bonds in their cell wall.
According to Mcdermmot (2013), Lysozyme was shown to be present
in human tears and to kill Gram-positive bacteria by Alexander Fleming
(Fleming, 1922). This enzyme, which is secreted by the main and accessory
lacrimal glands, accounts for up to 20–30% of total protein in both basal and
reflex tears (Aho et al., 1996; Albert DM, 2008; Sack et al., 2001).
Lysozyme catalyzes thehydrolysis of 1,4-beta-linkages between N-
acetylmuramic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine in the peptidoglycan
backbone of bacterial cell walls. It is also able to cleave chitodextrins in
fungal cell walls and has been reported to have anti-HIV activity (Lee-Huang
et al., 1999).
9
According to Nobel laureate Alexander Fleming found that human tears
contain antiseptic proteins called lysozymes about a century ago, scientists
have tried to solve the mystery of how they could relentlessly wipe out far
larger bacteria. It turns out that lysozymes have jaws that latch on and
chomp through rows of cell walls like someone hungrily devouring an ear of
corn.
According to weiss,Gregory(2002)lysozyme in tears have jaws to chew
apart the walls of the bacteria that are trying to get into your eyes and infect
them.
Eggwhite
According to N. Guyot et al. (2016) Egg white complements the
physical protection insured by the eggshell. It is a viscous biological fluid
with antibacterial properties, mainly consisting of a salty solution of proteins
(9.7–10.6%)
According toLi-Chan et al., (1995). Antibacterial properties of egg
white are due to its physicochemical characteristics and to the presence of
numerous antimicrobial proteins. Temperature is crucial in controlling
bacterial growth in eggs, but egg white pH and viscosity also have a
significant role in regulating the diffusion, growth, and survival of bacteria
(e.g., Salmonella), either by acting directly on microorganisms (e.g.,
10
inhibition of Salmonella at alkaline pH or inhibition of cell motility by
viscosity) or by modulating the activity of antimicrobial proteins.
According toMaria Hoven (2017) Eggs can become infected with a
type of bacteria known as salmonella. When eggs are cooked, salmonella
and other bacteria are killed, neutralizing any potential health threats.
Salmonellosis is a bacterial illness that lasts for four to seven days and can
present symptoms including vomiting, fever, diarrhea and abdominal
cramps. While salmonellosis can be severe, requiring hospitalization, most
people recover without antibiotic treatments. In addition to cooking eggs, it
is important to avoid cross-contamination by utensils that make contact with
raw eggs.
Staphyloccocus Aureus
According to Shigella, Shigellosis (2012) Staphylococcus Aureus is a
gram positive bacterium that usually appears under the microscope as
spherical (coccus) organisms appearing in pairs, short chains, or bunched,
grape-like clusters.
According to Thomas Higginbotham (2004) Staphylococcus Aureus (S.
aureus) is a gram-positive bacterium that is found on the skin and in the
nasal passages of about a quarter of humans. It is a facultative anaerobe,
meaning it can produce energy (and thus survive) either in the presence or
11
absence of oxygen. It is also the causative agent for many skin illnesses and
other illnesses that will be discussed later. Infections caused by S.
Aureus are often referred to colloquially as Staph infections. Despite its
capacity to produce some toe-curlingly disgusting skin conditions, it is
actually a fascinating, adaptive little bug, that does not often cause fatal
infections.
Staphylococcus Bacillus cereus is a Gram-positive spore-forming
opportunistic human bacterium frequently associated with foodborne
infections due to the production of diarrheal and emetic toxins. (Jan,S.2015)
According to Prasil Pradhan (2015) Staphylococci are gram-positive
cocci arranged in cluster (grape-like fashion). The genus
name, Staphylococcus, is derived from the Greek term staphle, meaning
“bunches of grapes.” On gram stained smears, they appear as gram positive
spherical cells (0.5 to 1.5 μm) arranged singly, in pairs, and in clusters.
Although the Staphylococci can be identified on the basis of microscopy,
sometimes microscopy alone cannot differentiate Staphylococci from other
gram-positive cocci. Therefore, Catalase test should be done to differentiate
Staphylococci from other gram-positive cocci. Staphylococi are catalase
positive. Staphylococci are members of the newly formed family
Staphylococcaceae. They resemble some members of the family
Micrococcaceae such as the genus Micrococcus. Micrococci are catalase-
12
producing, coagulase-negative, gram-positive cocci found in the
environment and as members of the indigenous skin flora. They are often
recovered with Staphylococci and can be differentiated easily on the basis of
tests like modified oxidase test, anaerobic acid production from glucose,
resistance to bacitracin (0.04 units) and lysostaphin test. Some micrococci
have a tendency to produce a yellow pigment. Other gram-positive cocci
that are occasionally recovered with Staphylococci
include Rothiamucilaginosa, Aerococcus, and Alloiococcus otitis (recovered
from human middle ear fluid).Staphylococci are nonmotile, non–spore-
forming, and aerobic or facultatively anaerobic except for S. saccharolyticus,
which is an obligate anaerobe. Colonies produced after 18 to 24 hours of
incubation are medium sized (4 to 8 mm) and appear cream-colored, white
or rarely light gold, and “buttery-looking.”Rare strains of Staphylococci are
fastidious requiring carbon dioxide, hemin, or menadione for growth. These
so-called small colony variants grow on media containing blood, forming
colonies about 1/10th the size of wild-type strains after at least 48 hours of
incubation. Some species are β-hemolytic. Staphylococci are common
isolates in the clinical laboratory and are responsible for several suppurative
types of infections. These organisms are normal inhabitants of the skin and
mucous membranes of humans and other animals.
According to In‐Gyun Hwang et al. (2014)Many Staphylococcus
aureus strains can contaminate sweet pumpkin salad. The salad may be
13
stored at constant and nonisothermal temperatures, which may cause
different S. Aureus behaviors. Therefore, the developed model could be
useful in describing and predicting the behavior of S. Aureus with respect to
temperature and time.
As explained By Koenig and Marth (2002) the duration of pressing is a
critical parameter which must be taken into account when evaluating the
risks of growth of S. Aureus in cheddar cheese. SEA production in cheddar
cheese depends on the size of the inoculum and the activity of the starter
but is indirectly influenced by the salt concentration
S. Aureus colonizes the nasal passage and axillae. S Epidermidis is a
common human skin commensal. Other species of staphylococci are
infrequent human commensals. Some are commensals of other animals.
(Timothy,2003)
Staphylococcus Aureus (or Staph Aureus) is a type of bacteria
commonly found on the skin and hair as well as in the noses and throats of
people and animals. These bacteria are present in up to 25 percent of
healthy people and are even more common among those with skin, eye,
nose, or throat infections. also
Staphylococcus can cause food poisoning when a food handler contaminates
food and then the food is not properly refrigerated. Other sources of food
contamination include the equipment and surfaces on which food is
14
prepared. These bacteria multiply quickly at room temperature to produce a
toxin that causes illness. Staphylococcus is killed by cooking and
pasteurization. (Sapp,2009)
Staphylococcus is a group of bacteria (microbe or germ) that can
cause a number of infectious diseases in various tissues of the
body. Staphylococcus is more familiarly known as staph (pronounced
"staff"). Staph-related illness can range from mild and requiring no
treatment to severe and potentially fatal. (Malachowa and Natalia.2010)
The genus Staphylococcus consists of Gram-positive bacteria that
colonize human or animal skin and mucosal membranes. Although
staphylococci are a part of normal human flora and thus commensal
microorganisms, they are also opportunistic pathogens and cause a wide
range of diseases. (DeLeo,Frank R.2010)
Staphylococcus (sometimes called "staph") is a group of bacteria that
can cause a multitude of diseases. Staph infections may cause disease due
to direct infection or due to the production of toxins by the bacteria. Boils,
impetigo, food poisoning, cellulitis, and toxic shock syndrome are all
examples of diseases that can be caused by Staphylococcus. Symptoms and
signs of a localized staph infection include a collection of pus, such as a boil,
furuncle, or abscess. The area is typically tender or painful and may be
reddened and swollen. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus, known as
15
MRSA, is a type of Staphylococcus Aureus that is resistant to the antibiotic
methicillin and other drugs in this class. Staph infections are treated with
topical, oral, or intravenous antibiotics, depending upon the type of
infection. (Patrick,Cruz.2017)
Staphylococcus is a group of bacteria (microbe or germ) that can
cause a number of infectious diseases in various tissues of the
body. Staphylococcus is more familiarly known as staph (pronounced
"staff"). Staph-related illness can range from mild and requiring no
treatment to severe and potentially fatal. (Conor, Daniel.2017)
The name Staphylococcus comes from the Greek staphyle, meaning a
bunch of grapes, and kokkos, meaning berry, and that is what staph bacteria
look like under the microscope, like a bunch of grapes or little round berries.
In technical terms, these are gram-positive, facultative anaerobic, usually
unencapsulated cocci (Stöppler, Melissa C.2017)
16
CHAPTER III
Methodology
This study aims to differentiate the antibacterial property and the

composition of eggwhite and human tears against staphylococcus aureus.
Materials
 0.25ml human tears

 40 grams eggwhite
 compound microscope
 slides
 droppers
Procedures
Prepare 4 ml human tears and place it in test tube with cover to

refrain the freshness. Do the same with egg whites, then place it in a
separate test tube. To avoid decomposition of the specimen, place it in the
Styrofoam with ice.
To determine its effect on Staphylococcus aureus bacteria the

laboratory test will be performed at the University of Santo Tomas.
17
CHAPTER IV
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
This chapter presents the results of experimentation done in the

previous chapter which contains the summarized and gathered data showed
in the types of graph or tables.
Clearing
TEST SAMPLE zone,mm AI
ORGANISM
1 2 3
Staphylococcus 1.Eggwhite -a - - 0
aureus 2.Tears 30 30 30 2.0
Amoxicillin disca 33 4.5
aNo clearing zone;no inhibition of growth of the test organism
b6-mm diameter disc,contains 25g amoxicillin
The human tears succeeded to show the antimicrobial activity against

Staphylococcus Aureus while the egg whites failed because it lacks the
lysozyme content which helps as the antimicrobial reactant against
Staphylococcus Aureus. According to (Flemming,1999)tear components
shows enough lysozyme content for aggregation of the gram positive
bacteria like the common Staphylococcus Aureus and many more. According
also to (wingston,1998) eggwhites contains lysozyme which is a antibacterial
against many other bad bacteria in our skin but the lysosome content of
eggwhite is not sufficient to aggregate Staphylococcus Aureus which the
measurement of lysozyme in eggwhite is only capable of preserving food.
Table 1: Clearing zone,(mm) of the test organism of Human tears vs.

Staphylococcus aureus
Figure 1:Human tears
18
Human tears
35
30
25
20
Human tears
15
10
0
1 2 3
Three drops of human tears have been dripped into the sample of
Staphylococcus Aureus which made three equidistant wells that has a
measurement of 30 mm each.
Table 2: Clearing zone, (mm) of the test organism of Egg whites vs.
Staphylococcus Aureus
Figure 2: Eggwhites
19
Eggwhites
1
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
Eggwhites
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
1 2 3
Three drops of eggwhites have been dripped into the sample of

Staphylococcus aureus which made three wells that has a measurement of 0
mm each.
20
CHAPTER V
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECCOMENDATIONS
Summary
The study is all about determining the effectiveness of egg whites and
tears in killing the bacteria called Staphylococcus Aureus. The bacteria can
cause different illness such as pimples, impetigo, boils and etc. During the
laboratory results, both egg whites and tears were tested if it can kill
Staphylococcus Aureus. After the tests, the egg whites failed to kill
Staphylococcus Aureus due to lack of lysosome content which helps as the
antimicrobial reactant. The tears succeeded in killing the bacteria because it
has lysosome content that Amoxicillin disc contains.
Conclusions
In the light of the foregoing findings, the following conclusions were

drawn
1. Tears and egg whites can kill bacteria but egg whites cannot kill
Staphylococcus Aureus because it lacks lysosome content.
2. Tears can kill Staphylococcus Aureus because of the lysosome
content it has that can help in killing Staphylococcus Aureus.
21
Recommendations
For future researchers who would want to conduct a parallel study

regarding this topic; following are highly recommended.
1. Improved
2. Find a substitute to the tears that has the lysosome content that
Amoxicillin disc contain in order to kill Staphylococcus aureus and
find an alternative for egg whites that can possibly kill the bacteria.
22
Bibliography
Guyot, and Labas. "Characterization of Egg White Antibacterial Properties
during the First Half of Incubation: A Comparative Study between
Embryonated and Unfertilized Eggs | Poultry Science | Oxford Academic."
OUP Academic. September 06, 2016. Accessed June 24, 2018.
https://academic.oup.com/ps/article/95/12/2956/2656890.
Saha, Rituparna. "Can Tears Kill Bacteria in the Eye?" What Is the Difference
between SAP HANA and S4hana? - Quora. June 26, 2016. Accessed June 24,
2018. https://www.quora.com/Can-tears-kill-bacteria-in-the-eye.
Higginbotham, Thomas, shigella shigellosis, and Jan, S. "Staphyloccocus
Aereus Definition and Characteristics." Study.com. 2004. Accessed June 24,
2018. https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-staphylococcus-aureus-
definition-characteristics.html.
McDermott, Alison M. "Antimicrobial Compounds in Tears." Advances in
Pediatrics. December 2013. Accessed June 24, 2018.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3844110/.
Fleming, Laureate Alexander, Nobel, and Gregory Weiss. "How Lysozyme
Protein in Our Tear-Drops Kill Bacteria » Curious Cat Science and
Engineering Blog." Albatross Chicks Fed Plastic Ocean Pollution by Parents »
Curious Cat Science and Engineering Blog. January 24, 2012. Accessed June
23
24, 2018.https://engineering.curiouscatblog.net/2012/01/24/how-lysozyme-
protein-in-our-tear-drops-kill-bacteria/
Hoven, Maria. "Difference Between Raw & Cooked Egg White Allergy."
LIVESTRONG.COM. October 03, 2017. Accessed June 24, 2018.
https://www.livestrong.com/article/528781-difference-between-raw-cooked-
egg-white-allergy/.
Prasil, Pradhan "General Characteristics of Staphylococci." Microbiology and
Infectious Diseases. March 13, 2015. Accessed June 24, 2018.
http://microbesinfo.com/2015/03/general-characteristics-of-staphylococci/.
Hwang, In‐Gyun, Soon‐Ho Lee, Joon‐Il Cho, Soomin Lee, Heeyoung Lee,
and Yohan Yoon. "Predictive Models to Describe Behavior of Staphylococcus
Aureus in Sweet Pumpkin Salad Under Constant and Dynamic Temperature."
Freshwater Biology. June 14, 2014. Accessed June 24, 2018.
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/jfs.12121.
Susan Koenig and Elmer H. Marth Behavior of Staphylococcus aureus in
Cheddar Cheese Made with Sodium Chloride or a Mixture of Sodium Chloride
and Potassium Chloride September,2002,Accessed June
24,2018https://www.researchgate.net/publication/284389069_Behavior_of_
Staphylococcus_aureus_in_Cheddar_Cheese_Made_with_Sodium_Chloride_o
r_a_Mixture_of_Sodium_Chloride_and_Potassium_Chloride
24
Foster, Timothy. "Staphylococcus." Advances in Pediatrics. January 01,
2003. Accessed June 25, 2018.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK8448/.
Sapp, Leonord. "Staphylococcus." FoodSafety.gov. December 22, 2009.
Accessed June 25, 2018.
https://www.foodsafety.gov/poisoning/causes/bacteriaviruses/staphylococcu
s/index.html.
Malachowa, Natalia, and Frank R. DeLeo. "Mobile Genetic Elements of
Staphylococcus Aureus." SpringerLink. July 29, 2010. Accessed June 26,
2018. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00018-010-0389-4.
Conor, Daniel. "Staph Infections." Mayo Clinic. December 06, 2017.
Accessed June 26, 2018. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-
conditions/staph-infections/symptoms-causes/syc-20356221.
Stöppler, Melissa Conrad and Patrick,Cruz. "Staph Infection Symptoms,
Causes, Pictures & Treatment." MedicineNet. March 24, 2017. Accessed June
26, 2018.
https://www.medicinenet.com/staph_infection/article.htm#what_is_staphylo
coccus_what_causes_a_staph_infection
25
Appendix A
Microsope
26
Appendix B
Human Tears
Eggwhites
27
CURRICULUM VITAE
Andrei Louie Ortiz
#40 Rd.3 San Miguel Heights Marulas Valenzuela City
09283142244
Personal Information:
Age : 15 years old
Sex : Male
Height : 5’1
Weight : 51 kg
Religion : Roman Catholic
Civil Status : Single
Educational Background:
Secondary:
Valenzuela National High School 2016-Present
Elementary:
Sto. Rosario Montessori School 2010-2016
28
Awards/ Honors Received:
BSP Leader Grade 6 2015
4th Honor Grade 6 2015
With Honors Grade 5 2014
1st Honor 2nd Quarter Grade 2 2011
29
Character References:
Patria Ortiz Retired
#40 Rd.3 San Miguel Heights Marulas
Valenzuela City
09772566405
30
CURRICULUM VITAE
Nikos Melendez Belen
#58 Rd. 3 Dulo San Miguel Heights Marulas Valenzuela City
09282513939
Age : 15 years old
Sex : Male
Height : 5’4
Weight : 83 kg
Secondary:
31
Elementary:
San Miguel Heights Elementary School 2010-2016
English Subject Achiever Grade 7 2016
Science Achiever Grade 9 2018
Manuel Belen Driver
#58 Rd. 3 Dulo San Miguel Heights
Marulas Valenzuela City Cmpd. GTDL,
Valenzuela City
09484863486
32
CURRICULUM VITAE
Latrell Abalos Tarras
32 Camia St. Marulas Constantino Valenzuela City
09293393418
Age : 14 years old
Sex : Male
Height : 5’0
Weight : 51 kg
Secondary:
33
Elementary:
Monteras School of Valenzuela 2010-2016
2nd Honor Grade 6 2015
Razil Tarras Factory Worker
32 Camia St. Marulas Constantino
Valenzuela City
09064578677
34
CURRICULUM VITAE
Rasheed Zor-El Dela Cruz Damian
#124 Bahay Pari St. Gen T. De Leon Valenzuela City
Age : 15 years old
Sex : Male
Height : 5’3
Weight : 45 kg
Religion : Christian
Secondary:
35
Elementary:
SKM Christian Academy
Basketball MVP and Gold Grade 6 2015
Medalist in Basketball
Voleyball MVP and Gold Grade 5 2014
Voleyball MVP and Silver Grade 4 2013
36
Oscar Damian Coach
#124 Bahay Pari St. Gen T. De Leon
Valenzuela City
0921933124
37
CURRICULUM VITAE
Rhon Christian Ruben Cañon
#73 Rd. 1 Ext. San Miguel Heights Marulas Valenzuela City
09167370079
Age : 15 years old
Sex : Male
Height : 5’3
Weight : 58 kg
Secondary:
38
Elementary:
Marulas Christian School 2010-2016
1st Place District level Grade 6 2015
Journalism (English)
Best in Conduct Grade 6 2015
Boy Scout of the Year Grade 6 2015
2nd Place District level Grade 5 2014
Journalism (English)
3rd Honor Grade 2 2011
1st Honor Grade 1 2010
39
Rona Cañon Teacher
#73 Rd. 1 Ext. San Miguel Heights
Marulas Valenzuela City
09299703049
40
CURRICULUM VITAE
Paolo Angel Mendoza
#28 Rd. 5 Reyes Cmpd. San Miguel Heights Marulas Valenzuela City
09959002044
Age : 15 years old
Sex : Male
Height : 5’1
Weight : 67 kg
Secondary:
41
Elementary:
San Miguel Heights 2010-2016
Table Tennis 2nd Place Grade 6 2015
Rubik’s Cube 2nd Place Grade 5 2014
Sepaktakraw Bronze Medalist Grade 4 2013
42
Benedicto Mendoza Driver
#28 Rd. 5 Reyes Cmpd. San Miguel
Heights Marulas Valenzuela City
09438201998
43
CURRICULUM VITAE
Mark Joseph Pincas Poquiz
#20 Rd. 1 San Miguel Heights Marulas Valenzuela City
09995190968
Age : 15 years old
Sex : Male
Height : 5’4
Weight : 49 kg
Secondary:
44
Elementary:
Cleanliest Award Grade 5 2014
Best in Diligence Grade 4 2013
Roderick Poquiz Factory Worker
#20 Rd. 1 San Miguel Heights
Marulas Valenzuela City
09472048861
45
CURRICULUM VITAE
Jan Vincenzo Cariño Reyes
#2 Rd. 1 San Miguel Heights Marulas Valenzuela City
09751039737
Age : 15 years old
Sex : Male
Height : 5’9
Weight : 94 kg
Secondary:
46
Elementary:
Silver Medalist Badminton Grade 6 2015
Bronze Medalist Basketball Grade 5 2014
and Silver Medalist
Badminton
Silver Medalist Basketball Grade 4 2013
and Silver Medalist
Badminton
47
Juliana Reyes Nurse
#2 Rd. 1 San Miguel Heights Marulas
Valenzuela City
09552005403
48
CURRICULUM VITAE
Jian Paulo Miranda Aquino
#14 Buenaventura St. Fortune Vill. Gen. T. De Leon Valenzuela City
09499248972
Age : 14 years old
Sex : Male
Height : 5’2
Weight : 56kg
Secondary:
49
Elementary:
New Prodon Academy of Valenzuela 2010-2013
Santiago A. De Guzman Elementary School 2013-2016
1st Place District Meeting Grade 6 2015
Poster Making
50
Character Reference:
Amad Aquino Jr. Accountant
#14 Buenaventura St. Fortune Vill.
Gen. T. De Leon Valenzuela City
09083426118
51

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The Difference and Antibacterial Property of Human Tears and Eggwhites Against Staphylococcus Aureus

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Department of Education-National Capital Region

Division of City Schools- Valenzuela

The Difference and Antibacterial property of Human Tears and

A Science Investigatory Project presented to

Valenzuela National High School

Of all the requirements in Research III

Poquiz, Mark Joseph P.

Reyes, Jan Vincenzo C.

Ortiz, Andrei Louie

Cañon, Rhon Christian R.

Aquino, Jian Paulo M.

Damian, Rasheed Zor-El DC.

We would like to thank the people who contributed to this Science

Furthermore, we would like to thank Lord God in providing us the

We deeply thank our teachers for guiding us throughout this journey in

Lastly, we are so grateful to our supportive family who encouraged us

The aim of this study “The Difference and Antibacterial property of

Significance of the Study…………………………………………………………….7

Scope and Limitations…………………………………………………………………7

CHAPTER II (REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES)

Related Literature and Related

CHAPTER III (METHODOLOGY)

CHAPTER IV (PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF

CHAPTER V (SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS)

of human tears and eggwhites against Staphyloccocus aureus.

In this study, the researchers’ aim is to know the antibacterial

compositions of egg whites and human tears to kill the bacteria

Staphyloccocus Aureus. It can help us to determine if it is possible or

if it can be an alternative Staphyloccocus Aureus killer. It focuses on how

The researchers present this study for us to know the properties of

help aid the negative effects of staphylococcus bacteria.

1.) To determine the antibacterial property of human tears and

2.) To compare the antibacterial property of human tears and

There is no significant difference between human tears and eggwhites

Significance of the study

This study aims to compare the antibacterial property of human tears

Scope and Limitatons

This study is about determining the antibacterial property of human

All procedures conducted in the course of the study will be done in

The laboratory tests will be performed in University of Philippines.

Antibacterial -Anything that destroys bacteria or suppresses their

Bacteria -a member of a large group of unicellular

Egg White -the clear, viscous substance around the yolk of an

Human Tears -Tearing lacrimation, or lachrymation is the secretion

Staphylococcus aureus -Staphylococcus Aureus is a Gram-positive, round-

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Human tears Determining the The egg whites and

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE & STUDIES

constituent. Lysozyme is an antibacterial substance which can kill gram

glycosidic bonds in their cell wall.

According to Mcdermmot (2013), Lysozyme was shown to be present

in human tears and to kill Gram-positive bacteria by Alexander Fleming

Lysozyme catalyzes thehydrolysis of 1,4-beta-linkages between N-

acetylmuramic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine in the peptidoglycan

backbone of bacterial cell walls. It is also able to cleave chitodextrins in

contain antiseptic proteins called lysozymes about a century ago, scientists

According to weiss,Gregory(2002)lysozyme in tears have jaws to chew

According to N. Guyot et al. (2016) Egg white complements the

physical protection insured by the eggshell. It is a viscous biological fluid

with antibacterial properties, mainly consisting of a salty solution of proteins

According toLi-Chan et al., (1995). Antibacterial properties of egg

white are due to its physicochemical characteristics and to the presence of

numerous antimicrobial proteins. Temperature is crucial in controlling