A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE DIFFERENCE IN HEIGHT OF MUNG BEAN

"MONGGO" CULTIVATED BETWEEN INDOOR AND

OUTDOOR EXPOSURE OF LIGHT

A QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF DON

MANUEL A. JAVELLANA MEMORIAL NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL – SENIOR HIGH
SCHOOL DEPARTMENT, HOMELAND SUBD.,
BRGY. DAPCO, PANABO CITY,
DAVAO DEL NORTE

MARILOU A. BASILES
CHESLEV SAYLO
LAWRENCE N. SUMAYANG
STUDENT RESEARCHERS

ACADEMIC TRACK (GENERAL ACADEMIC STRAND)

DON MANUEL A. JAVELLANA MEMORIAL NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

 A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE DIFFERENCE IN HEIGHT OF MUNG BEAN
"MONGGO" CULTIVATED BETWEEN INDOOR AND
OUTDOOR EXPOSURE OF LIGHT

MARILOU BASILES
CHESLEV SAYLO
LAWRENCE SUMAYANG
Student Researchers

A QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF DON MANUEL

A. JAVELLANA MEMORIAL NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL – SENIOR HIGH
SCHOOL DEPATMENT, HOMELAND SUBD.,
BRGY. DAPCO, PANABO CITY,
DAVAO DEL NORTE

ACADEMIC TRACK (GENERAL ACADEMIC STRAND)

S.Y. 2022 – 2023

i
 ABSTRACT

The legume family includes the plant species known as "green gram" or
"mung bean." Mung beans normally germinate in 2 to 5 days, however germination
and growth rates are influenced by a number of variables, including temperature,
salinity level, water pH, and more (Overhiser 2019). With this knowledge, we set out
to investigate how the saline level of the growing medium might impact the
germination rate of mung beans. In this study, participants carried out the identical
experiment and made the same measurements.

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Hope is always near and its should be kept in mind that we all grow wiser and
became more sensitive and are able to enjoy life more after we go through hard
times. Brighter days and better tomorrow's will emerge.

Despite the uncertainties and discouragement that we experience. During the

days of the researchers experiment we were able to cope with the challenges and
hardships that helped us study so we would like to extend our sincere gratitude to the
following because this work would not have been possible without the help and
contribution of someone who gave us eternal support.

First and foremost to heavenly father, who is responsible for all his life's
affairs, for the constant blessings and graces for the divine guidance and
enlightenment, which enabled him to over come all the obstacle. For us researchers
in the experiments we made strength, courage to fulfill our aspirations and
determination for making this piece of success as an internal one. Because without
him, this work would not be a reality.

To Mrs. Ivy Marie P. Lumangcas subject teacher for practical research

for the permission to conduct to study and the research in the area in the backyard of
our house.

To Ms. Reza Garin, for lending the researchers to their classmates who
supported them.

To Mrs. Ivy Marie P. Lumangcas for subject teacher for practical research for,
thank you ma`am for the patience, enriching comments and ideas in the refinement
of the manuscript, and advices and time for extending some personal advices and
encouragement.

To Mr. Ramil Maratas and Ms. Jea Elegano, their classmates who always
there to help and assist the researchers in things the struggled with gave suggestions
and recommendations before the experiment.

To Mrs. Lenny Cosep Abis, thank you for lending the researchers a PC
tablet.

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 To Mr. Jeffrey A. Ortega, graduated in agricultural for the valuable
assistance in reading references for the study.

Special thanks and gratitude to her guardian Papa Jose Ortega and
Mama Helen Ortega thank you for the boundless and immeasurable love, unending
support, encouragement, advices, understanding and for molding the researcher.
And to their cousin Jocelyn O. Tancio and her sister Arlyn O. Bustamante for helping
during our experiment by lending the researchers her cellphone to take a picture, the
day the researchers started planting mung bean and observed. Thanks for deep
concern, kindness, jokes, prayer, moral support spiritual, unlimited, guidance, and
encouragement during ,my ups and downs.

To Ms. Wendely Bernalte and Joan Mahinay. Thank you very much for
your tireless help and support.

To the researchers classmates(Millomeda, Tado, Dumo, Aming, Capulso,

Gabanete, Tancio, Divino, Mari, Lofranco, Laurenciana sisters), thank you for the
cheers, encouragement, prayers and kindness.

A sincere appreciation is also offered to Mrs. Ivy Marie Lumangcas, thank

you for the unconditional, love, care, understanding, unpayable support and regular
help throughout the duration of the study and the one who attention on a person
need of the author. To all of you. This piece of work is humbly offered. Thank you
and god be the glory.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page
Approval Sheet
Abstract
Acknowledgment
Table of Contents
List of Tables
List of Appendices

CHAPTER I – THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE

Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Null Hypothesis
Significance of the Study
Scope and Limitation
Definition of Terms

CHAPTER II – REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

CHAPTER III – RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

A. Location and Duration of the Study
B. Research Design
C. Sampling
D. Data Gathering Method
E. Conceptual Framework
F. Research Instruments
G. Statistical Techniques Used

CHAPTER IV – RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

CHAPTER V – SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS

CHAPTER VI – BIBLIOGRAPHY
REFERENCES
ANNEXES
Research Outline Approval Sheet
Survey Questionnaire
Documentation

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 LISTS OF TABLES

Chart 1 ……………………………………………………………………………………..11
Chart 2 ……………………………………………………………………………………..12
Figure 1 …………………………………………………………………………………….13
Figure 2 ………………………………………………………………………………...…..14

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 LIST OF APPENDICES

Questionnaire 1 ……………………………………………………………………………18
Documentation 1 ………………………………………………………………………..…19
Documentation 2 ………………………………………………………………………..…20

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 CHAPTER I- THE PROBLEM AND IT'S SCOPE

INTRODUCTION

The experiment is conducted to prove that the light of the sun is important so
that the researchers could grow a mung bean. Mung bean seeds are healthier when
it's exposed to the sunlight I did two types of experiment indoor and outdoor. The first
thing that the researcher did is in the indoor, So the researcher planted a mung bean
seed in a container then put it inside of my house when the time pass by the
researcher already see a result, I found out that it isn’t healthy. Then after that I
proceed to the experiment. 2.The researcher planted a mung bean seed again but
the difference is I planted it outdoor. As the time goes by I could see that the mung
bean seed I planted outdoors grows healthy and it also grows well.

The mung bean seeds require proper exposure to sunlight, a suitable amount
of water and a lot of nutrients from the soil and air in order to flourish. Sunlight is one
of the variables in this study that has an impact on the development of mung bean
seeds. However while sunlight is typically important for plant development, it is not
actually necessary or accountable for the germination of seeds. On the other side
moisture and temperature are necessary for germination. Despite the fact that plants
may be produced artificially for centuries it has been shown that they thrive and
develop the fastest under sunshine.

The accumulated chemical energy (Lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates) in the

cells of the dark-grown seeds drives their development. The seeds in the light-grown
condition only partially rely on their chemical energy reserves. When their
chloroplasts mature, they begin to utilize sun energy. Based on may experiment
difference indoor and outdoor the seeds that were placed inside we observe that the
seeds are dead when placed inside it needs to be irrigated from the sunlight because
you put the mongoose seeds outside saw how healthy and fat the leaves and bodies
are its so beautiful look at its leaves green, the researcher saw the sun's rays.

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STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This study attempts to conduct on experiment to determine the height of time

mung bean plants are cultivated between indoor and outdoor exposure to light.

NULL HYPHOTHESIS

There is no significant differences between indoor and outdoor exposure light

of mung bean plants cultivated has no difference.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This study is conducted on what are the different height of mung bean plants
cultivated between indoor and outdoor exposure of light. Conducted on the
researchers home. The results of study can benefit all students taking TVL
Agriculture crop production and students with interest in agriculture.

SCOPE AND LIMITATION

The study is conducted within the researchers backyard garden.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Experiment. A scientific procedure undertaken to make a discovery, test a

hypothesis, or demonstrate a known fact.
Exposure. The state of being exposed to contact with something.
Cultivated. To prepare or prepare and use for the raising of crops.

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 CHAPTER II – REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

A variety of crops' production and culture are being constrained by

environmental stress, pests, and diseases. Although mung bean is evolved to tropical
and subtropical lowlands and is comparatively resilient to abiotic stresses like heat
and drought, mung bean is more negatively impacted by soil salinity than other
crops.

Salt stress affects symbiotic bacteria like Rhizobium sp. in addition to the
plant. needed for biological N fixation (BNF), which results in yield reduction and
growth retardation. Strongly salinized coastal beaches are home to salt-tolerant
Vigna species like V. marina, which cannot be crossed with mung bean and are
hence unavailable for developing salt-tolerant variants. The mung bean germplasm
contains some salt tolerance, but tolerance during germination and during the main
obstacle to growing is Mung bean Yellow Mosaic Disease (MYMD). There are
numerous begomovirus species that infect mung bean. The mung bean genepool
contains some mild resistance to MYMD, however this was not enough to produce
resistant cultivars. Several lines with high degrees of resistance against MYMD were
created through mutation breeding using accessions and hybrids that were
somewhat resistant to MYMD. In a number of nations, the line NM94, which was
produced by mating a mutation breeding line with a high producing cultivar, is
currently recognized as a MYMD resistant line. But NM94 susceptibility to the
MYMD-Urd bean strain has been shown in areas where it predominates. Multiple
stable MYMD resistant lines were produced as a consequence of breeding initiatives
in Pakistan and India. ML1628 was Callosobruchusp., a serious pest of mung bean
storage, are bruchids. On field pods, the beetles lay their eggs. In one bean, larvae
grow to adulthood and lay their eggs after hatching during storage. All stored mung
bean grains can be destroyed by bruchids in a few of months. Mung bean has been
reported to have genetic resistance to this pest, which has been utilized to produce
resistant varieties in China, Korea, and at the World Veg. Different sources of brochid
resistance have been genetically mapped, and there are markers for choosing
resistant lines in breeding program.

In mung bean breeding, marker-assisted selection is becoming more

significant. The accessibility of the complete genome sequence and low-cost, high-
performance methods for genotype, such Wide crosses that try to retrogress features

3
from similar wild species are another key area in the study of how the mung bean
adapts to adverse situations. The introduction of MYMD immunity from V. mung is
one instance. This strategy is hampered by obstacles to cross, yet certain Vigna
species are cross fer tin South, East, and Southeast Asia, mung beans are a
significant grain legume that may yield up to three million metric tons of seed that can
either be eaten raw as dhal, porridge, or bean sprouts, or processed into high-quality
noodles. The existing average global productivity must be increased in order to fulfill
the growing demand for mung beans and to solve chronic malnutrition. Additionally,
the productivity must be extended to new areas like Central Asia and Africa. On a dry
weight basis, mung bean is a significant source of dietary protein (24–28%) and
carbs (59–65%) and offers roughly 3400 kJ of energy per kilogram of grain. Mung
bean starch is simpler to digest than the starches found in other legumes including
chickpea (Cicer antirrhinum), pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan), and lentils (Lens
culinaris).ile.

According to (Tang et al) Mung bean seeds and sprouts are rich in bio active
nutrients. provide insight into the nutritional value of mung beans. Isolated
components such as flavonoid, phenolic acids, organic acids, amino acids,
carbohydrates and lipids have been debated for decades. In addition, dynamic
changes in metabolites during the germination process and associated bio activities
such as antioxidant and health-promoting effects are evidence of their use as
pharmaceuticals. Previous studies have investigated the nutritional profiles of several
mung bean lines/cultivars. These studies show limited variability for most of the
nutrients studied. Evert et al. found that older mung bean lines were superior in terms
of protein, calcium, iron, zinc, carotenoids and vitamin C content compared to mature
improved mung bean lines. World Veg recently developed a mini-core collection of
296 accessions. However, its nutritional value has not yet been evaluated and may
be a source of various nutrients. Environmental effects on mineral concentrations in
mung bean lineages were studied by Nair et al. observed. emphasizes the
importance of multi-site testing. Mung beans can also be used as livestock feed,
including raw or processed seeds, straw and hay from whole plants. Raw seeds
contain anti-nutrients, limiting their use as animal feed. Using beans as animal feed is
controversial because it competes with human nutrition. Therefore, this report
focuses on mung bean as feed, mainly hay and straw.

In most cases, mung beans are pastured twice during the harvest cycle.
Some early-maturing cultivars, such as cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), are especially

4
valued as early-maturing forages because they develop faster than other summer
legumes. Forage yield is between 0.64 t ha-1 and about 1.8 t ha-1. Fresh mung bean
diets have a protein content of 13%–21% on a dry matter basis, whereas mung bean
straw has a protein content of 9%–12%, which is higher than that of cereal straw.
Currently, the world production area of mung bean is about six million hectares per
year, out of which 90% is in Asia, with an average yield of 400 kg∙ha−1. The
productivity of mung bean is still low, but the demand might increase in future due to
its high dietary quality. Mung bean provides significant amounts of protein,
carbohydrates and a range of micro nutrients to human diets. They contain the
essential amino acid lysine, which is lacking in cereals, but are relatively poor in
methionine, an essential amino acid that is present in cereals. In addition the beans
contain high levels of antioxidant activity, which scavenge free radicals. These
beneficial dietary properties of mung bean can be also correlated to an improved
state of health of women in several Asian countries between 1984 and 2006, when
mung bean consumption increased, resulting in an estimated economic benefit of up
to US$ 4 million (per country).

Mung bean sprouts are a source of minerals and vitamins, and are very
popular because they require little growing space and resources, and can be
harvested in a short period of time. It is sold fresh, canned, and processed. Over the
last five years, total mung bean imports to Europe ranged from 21 million to 27
million tons, mainly for sprout production. The main country of origin for these imports
was myanmar. The UK imports the largest amount of mung beans in Europe,
possibly due to the large populations of India and Pakistan, which use mung beans in
traditional recipes.

Mung bean cultivation not only increases farmers' income through the sale of
beans, but also by reducing post-cultivation crop inputs. When grown between wheat
and rice in India, it left 33–37 kg nitrogen (N) ha-1 for the next crop. Dough-ton and
McKenzie observed an increase in sorghum yield in mung bean cultivation at the
70th stage. This corresponds to a N application of 68 kg·ha−1.
Mung beans are generally thought to tolerate dryl and conditions better than high-
yielding crops, but in areas suffering from severe water stress, RDI, a conservation
agriculture technique that is very practical in dry lands, can be used. There is a
nature. Plants are irrigated with slightly less water than required for optimal plant
growth. The overall goal is to influence stomato conductivity and plant water

5
consumption, potentially improving biomass production when specific drought
adaptation strategies are present in crops. B.
Assimilate distribution for grain filling. The degree of depletion and the growth
stage at which RDI should be applied are controlled by crop-specific intrinsic drought
tolerance mechanisms. However, correct application of RDI during non-critical growth
stages has been shown to improve water use efficiency and yield while reducing
irrigation water use.

Burgault et al. studied the effects of different RDI levels on mung bean
production and crop development in Uzbekistan in 2003 and 2004. Mung bean yields
were at moderate water stress (65% of available soil water volume) in 2003 and at
the most severe stress level (80% of available soil water volume) in 2004. . Their
results showed that water scarcity affected the transfer of resources to seeds, and
mung beans could maintain their yield index even under severe stress. Based on
these results, RDI may be a good strategy to obtain high yields while using less
water.

Mung bean is one of the important crops with the ability to improve soil fertility
through nitrogen fixation through symbiosis with rhizobia present in root nodules.
Mung beans are grown in marginal soils with low inputs, despite their high nutritional
value and significant contribution to improving soil fertility. Under these conditions
mung bean tuber formation is low, especially in arid and semi-arid regions, due to
alkaline calcareous soils, high salinity, water scarcity and low organic matter.
Increased rhizosphere salinity can reduce the osmotic potential of soil solutions in the
root zone, leading to reduced water availability for plants. This may be due to the
unavailability of native rhizobia or reduced efficiency under existing climatic
conditions. Mung bean is a salt-sensitive crop with a limit of 1.8 dS m−1. Its
germination is severely impaired by salinity. Osmotic stress caused by salinity limits
water uptake from the soil and increases the concentration of toxic ions within plant
cells, causing ionic stress.

Rhizobium can survive in harsh conditions with low water availability and high
salinity, and some have low nutritional requirements due to morphological, metabolic,
and structural changes. It has been demonstrated that rhizobia strains isolated from
salt-stressed fields are highly salt-tolerant and can improve mung bean growth under
salt-stressed conditions. Rhizobium inoculation promotes root proliferation and
primary root number under salt stress, resulting in enhanced growth and yield

6
through many mechanisms such as N2 fixation, production of plant growth
regulators, and disease suppression. Biologically fixed nitrogen through symbiotic
relationships improves soil fertility, allowing plants to absorb more nutrients from
nutrient-rich niches in the rhizosphere. Furthermore, the efficacy of these strains was
determined by plant growth-promoting rhizobia , which contains 1-
aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate dreaminess, or plant growth regulator, i.e. plant
growth regulator. can be enhanced by co-inoculation with H. By interaction of
precursor and inoculate.

According to (Vigna radiata L.)Mung bean is an important leguminous plant

consumed worldwide, especially in Asian countries, and has a long history of
traditional medicinal use. It is considered an excellent source of protein, fiber,
minerals and vitamins, as well as high amounts of bio-active compounds such as
polyphenols, polysaccharides and peptides, making it a popular functional food for
health promotion. increase. Mung beans have been shown to reduce hyperglycemia,
hyperlipidemia, and hypertension, prevent cancer and melanogenesis, and have
hepatoprotective and immunomodulatory properties. These health benefits are
primarily derived from the concentration and properties of the active ingredients
found in mung beans. Vitexin and is ovitexin are considered to be the most important
polyphenols, and low-molecular-weight peptides containing hydrophobic amino acid
residues exhibit higher bioactivity in mung bean. Considering the recent increased
interest in the use of cereal legumes, this report aims to promote better utilization of
mung beans in food to improve human nutrition and further advance progress in this
field. We hope to provide a blueprint for

According to (Vigna radiata L.) Mung Bean is one of the most important edible
legumes, grown on over 6 million hectares worldwide (approximately 8.5% of the
world's legume area) and consumed by most households in Asia. It has been. Mung
beans are relatively drought-tolerant, low-maintenance, and have a short cultivation
cycle (about 70 days). widely cultivated in), arid regions of southern Europe, and also
warm regions of Canada and the United States. In the predominantly grainbased
diets of China and India, mung beans have been consumed as a common food for
centuries. Mung beans contain well-balanced nutrients such as protein, fiber,
minerals, vitamins, and a large amount of bioactive compounds. Mung beans are a
relatively inexpensive and high-quality source of protein for those who cannot afford
animal protein and for vegetarians. In addition, mung bean protein is easily digested
compared to other legume proteins. Because grains are rich in sulfur-containing

7
amino acids but deficient in lysine, it is recommended to consume mung beans in
combination with grains to significantly enhance protein quality. A3:
Four servings of mung bean protein and rice protein were suggested by him to be
adequate and yield the highest chemical amino acid. It was found that the protein
digestibility of the rice-mung bean combination diet was 84.4% of that observed for
the infant rice-meat combination diet, and could nearly meet the human protein
requirement. Furthermore, compared to animal-derived proteins, plant-derived
proteins may help reduce land use and greenhouse gas emissions, thus achieving a
better compromise between diet and environmental protection. Mung beans cause
less flatulence and are well tolerated by children. In many studies, mung beans are
recommended as a supplement in solid food preparations for infants due to their high
protein content and hypoallergenic propertie. In Pakistan, approximately 25% of total
dietary iron comes from legumes, and mung beans are consumed in all households.
However, the presence of anti-nutritional factors in mung beans may limit the
biological value of nutrients in mung beans. For example, phytic acid can bind
several important divalent cations such as iron, zinc, calcium and magnesium. The
insoluble complex formed as a result of this binding can limit mineral absorption and
utilization in the small intestine. However, antitrophic factors can be reduced or
removed by various processing methods such as fermentation, sprouting, peeling
and cooking. After germination, the phytic acid content of mung beans decreased by
76%, and the bioavailability levels of zinc and iron were 3.0 and 2.4 times higher than
in raw mung beans, respectively. Therefore, the anti-nutritional properties do not
preclude the use of mung beans.

In addition to the nutritional properties of mung bean, the famous Chinese

Pharmacopoeia Compendium of Materia Medica (“Boncao Gangmoku”) records that
mung bean can be used as a traditional Chinese herbal medicine to detoxify and
restore mental health. increase. the ability to relieve heat exhaustion and regulate
gastrointestinal disturbances. Interestingly, in addition to older explanations, recent
studies have shown mung beans to have antihypertensive, anticancer,
hepatoprotective, antihypertensive, anticancer, hepatoprotective, and
antihypertensive effects, in addition to meeting basic nutritional requirements, as well
as hypoglycemic and lipid-lowering effects. Many other potential health benefits of
mung beans have been identified, including immunomodulatory effects. A
considerable number of studies have been conducted to identify its chemical
constituents, particularly polyphenols, polysaccharides and peptides, to support
these health benefits.

8
 To the best of our knowledge, no detailed literature exists that summarizes
research results on bio active polyphenols, polysaccharides, and peptides in mung
beans. Therefore, there is a need to review the studies that are helpful to experts and
scientists. Furthermore, this paper aims to clarify the possible mechanism of action of
mung bean in disease prevention and health improvement in order to promote the
consumption of mung bean as an alternative functional food in Asian countries and
other countries. is. We also discuss the limitations of mung bean and recommended
future research directions to facilitate progress in this field.

Due to their high nutritional value and suitability for indoor farming in urban
settings, sprout production has seen a rise in popularity over the past few decades.
Understanding potential changes caused by the microenvironment is necessary to
achieve sprout production in indoor systems. The purpose of this study was to
examine how mung bean sprouts were affected by the presence or absence of light
and high or low air relative humidity (RH). Hypocotyl's morpho-anatomical growth
and functional anatomical characteristics were measured. For dietary and functional
reasons, the amounts of antioxidants, soluble sugars, and starch were assessed.
While light exposure increased the amount of antioxidant chemicals, different RH
regimes mostly caused morpho-anatomical changes. A higher water level is
suggested by changes in stele diameter at high RH.

In the agro-food industry, chemical techniques are still regarded as a staple

for enhancing seed safety and lowering crop losses. An increasingly viable substitute
for this is atmospheric plasma, which can be used to create functionalized water.
Food contamination by microorganisms continues to pose a serious threat to food
safety, which is made worse by a shift in customer preference for minimally
processed, unrefined, "healthy," affordable, and convenient foods. This category
includes sprouts, which have a history of being linked to several outbreaks of
foodborne illness. The objectives of this study were to assess the impact of plasma
activated water (PAW) on the ability of mung bean seeds to germinate and the
antibacterial properties of PAW. Two different forms of PAW were produced using a
specifically developed setup consisting of two electrochemical cells, which were
ignited by a surface plasma discharge.

The effects of plasma treatment on seed germination and seedling growth of

mung bean in aqueous solution have been examined using atmospheric-pressure

9
N2, He, air, and O2 micro-plasma arrays. The feed gases utilized to generate plasma
and the length of plasma treatment time were shown to have a significant impact on
the mung bean seed germination and growth. Treatment with air micro-plasma arrays
was found to be more effective than treatment with atmospheric-pressure O2, N2,
and He micro-plasma arrays at improving seed germination rate and seedling growth.
This effect was attributed to solution acidification and interactions with plasma-
generated reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Mung bean seeds may crack when
exposed to an acidic environment brought on by air discharge in water, which
increases the germination rate of the bean.

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 CHAPTER III- RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Location and duration of the study

The study was conducted at the research area of Prk-4B Magsaysay

Carmen Davao Del Norte.

Sampling

The germination utilizes on the (6) six samples with four (4) seedlings
outdoor and (2) two seedlings indoor.

Research Design

This study will be use Quasi- Experimental research design in this

Quantitative. This research design will compare the two variables and establish a
comparative study on the difference indoor and outdoor.

Data Gathering Method

The early seedling growth performance data were collected from the plant
samples of each treatment for the whole duration of the study. Gathering of data
was done at 1 week throughout the duration of the study.

Chart 1: Days of planting (Mung Bean)

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D. Conceptual Framework

Independent Variable Dependent Variable

(IV) (DV)

Mungo Bean Indoor - exposure

Height Outdoor - exposure

SUNLIGHT

Chart 2: Conceptual framework of Mung bean (Height) turning the

effects of sunlight between Indoor and Outdoor exposure.

SHORT DESCRIPTION: The mean reason why there is a difference between the two
is because of the sunlight. Sunlight is a big rule to be able to study. But the yield of
seeds is weak if the problem is the soil.

E. RESEARCH INSTRUMENTS

Plant Height (cm)

This was done by measuring the plant height from the base to apical. This
was expressed in cm. Gathering of data were taken everyday within 15 days of
germination through sunlight exposure (indoor and outdoor).

F. STATISTICAL TECHNIQUES USED

This study uses mean plant height (cm) of mung bean genotypes
during the days of planting and germination.

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 CHAPTER IV- RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

Figure 1. Days of planting Height (cm) of Mung Bean

Leaves contain many pores (stomato) on their surfaces, which allow the
plant to “breathe” by taking in carbon dioxide (CO2) from the air, and expelling
oxygen. A green pigment called chlorophyll make the leaves appear green and
capture energy from light. When carbon dioxide and water are combined in the
presence of light, the plant makes its own food, called carbohydrates (or sugar).

At 8 days after planting, shows the results that the T2- Outdoor growth of
Mung bean got a highest number of leaves than the T1- Indoor growth of Mung
bean seedling.

This result conforms to the report that the Outdoor planting of seeds that
applied in top soil had marked effect on the number of leaves of Mung bean
seedlings.

According to Hao et al. the leaf number was the 8th and 10th, respectively
Gas exchange measurement were conducted using portable gas exchange system
(LICOR6400; LI-COR, Lincoln Neb. The operational procedures of the systems
were as described in a previous experiment.

13
Figure 2: Average plant height (cm) of mung bean as affected by outdoor
and indoor sunlight exposure

Legend: Outdoor Indoor

14
 CHAPTER V- SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION &RECOMMENDATION

Findings

This findings conforms to the report that the Outdoor planting of seeds that
applied in top soil had marked effect to the height Mung bean seedlings.

Conclusion

The amount of light a mung bean plant receives determines how it grows and
develops. If the amount of light is height, the mung bean stem grows slowly and
becomes shorter, however if the amount of light is low, the stem lengthens and
becomes longer.

Recommendations

Which should be planted outside so that the leaves and the fruits are more
beautiful and fresh.

Mung bean must be planted in red laterite soils, black cotton soils and Sandy
soils. Since a well- drained roany to sandy farm soil is best for its cultivation. Crop
does not grow well on saline and alkaline soil or water logged soils.

15
 CHAPTER VI- BIBLIOGRAPHY

Name: Marilou A. Basiles Grade Level: 12 Sex: Female

Birthday: August 30, 2002

Strand: GAS

Name: Cheslev A. Saylo Grade level: 12 Sex: Male

Birthday: July 23, 2004

Strand: GAS

Name: Lawrence N. Sumayang Grade level: 12 Sex: Male

Birthday: May 13, 2004

Strand: Gas

16
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Lisa Pataczek, Zahir Ahmad Zahir, Maqshoof Ahmad Saima Rani, Ramakrishnan
Nair, Roland Schafleitner georg Cadisch, Thomas Hilger,
https://www.scirp.org/journal/paper information.aspx?paperid=85655

Dianzhi Hou, Laraib Yousaf, Yong Xue, Jinrong Hu, Jihong Wu, Xiaosong Hu,
Naihong Feng, and Qun Shen,
*https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6627095/

Mohan Naik G.,Abhirami Panoth, Natarajan Venkatachalapathy

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/341990667_Mung_Bean

Chiara Amitrano, Carmen Arena, Stefania De Pascale, Veronica De Micco-

https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/9/9/1093

Martina Darmanin, Dmytro Kozak, Jefferson de Oliveira Mallia, Renald Blundell,

Ruben Gatt, Vasilis P. Valdramidis
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0956713520300840

Renwu Zhou,  Rusen Zhou, Xianhui Zhang, Jinxing Zhuang, Size Yang, Kateryna
Bazaka &  Kostya (Ken) Ostrikov -https://www.nature.com/articles/srep32603
 

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 ANNEXES

QUESTIONNAIRE

1.Causes of mung bean seeds to germinate?

2.Where does the mung bean seeds grows fasters? Indoor or outdoor?

3.The effect on height when mung bean seeds are planted indoors?

4.The effect on height when mung bean seeds are planted outdoors?

5.How many days the mung bean seeds grow indoors?

6.How many days the mung bean grows outdoors?

7.Effect of sunlight to mung bean beans growth?

8.Can a mung bean seed grow without soil?

9.What is the growth of mung bean the mung bean seeds exposed to different colors
of light and sunlight in terms of

10.Do seeds needs water to germinate in experimentation? Why?

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