i

REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES

PAHARANG INTEGRTED SCHOOL

PAHARANG BATANGAS CITY

“DISASTER RISK REDUCTION MANAGEMENT AMONG JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL

STUDENTS OF PAHARANG INTEGRATED SCHOOL”

A Research Paper

Presented to

The Faculty of Senior High School Department

Paharang Integrated School

Batangas City

Dagli, Loria A.

Montalbo, Iyra Nicole M.

Torino, Jeanneth A.

Matanguihan, Juven L.

Rozelle Claire Bay

Research Adviser

March 2020
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APPROVAL SHEET

This research study entitled “Disaster Risk Reduction Management among

Junior High School Students of Paharang Integrated School” prepared and

submitted by Loria A. Dagli, Iyra Nicole M. Montalbo, Jeanneth A. Torino and Juven

L. Matanguihan.

Ms. Rozelle Claire Bay

Research Adviser

Approval by the committee in the Oral Examination with the degree of

Julerita A. Babao

Teacher-in-Charge
 iii
Acknowledgement

The researcher would like to express their heartfelt gratitude to the following

people for their willingness and unselfish assistance to make this project

development study a reality.

To Ms. Rozelle Claire Bay, their research study adviser, for her time, trust, noble

support, patience, steadfast encouragement, guidance, suggestions and she shared

for the completion of this study.

To all their friends, who have showed in one way or another their time to make this

project a worthwhile academic endeavor and for their unconditional companionship;

To all parents, who guide and gave their full support in letting us invest our time and

gave financial support in making this research possible;

To the teachers, in Paharang Integrated School, who guide and gave their

suggestion in the entire study.

To the respondents, who allot their time and effort in answering the questionnaires

truthfully. We, the researchers would like to extend our gratitude for the people who’s

been part of the study.

Above all, to God Almighty , for the insurmountable gifts He had and endowed, the

gifts of love, the strength, wisdom, guidance and hope He had bestowed to the

researchers which helped them accomplish the study.

The Researchers
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Dedication

Our modest effort to dedicate this piece to the following people who had touched our

lives in a way that we are able to make this research paper possible;

First and foremost, to the Almighty God,

Who had provided us everything. Giving us strength and knowledge to do this study

in our everyday life,

And for letting we know that he is always here in our heart.

To our Teachers,

For the moral support, guidance, patience and giving us instructions to make this

project possible.

To our Family,

Who have given us the drive and discipline to face any challenges with

determination, for their inspiring words and untiring effort educating us.

Researchers
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE…………………………………………………………………………….i
APPROVAL SHEET……………………………………………………………………ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT……………………………………………………………….iii
DEDICATION……………………………………………………………………………iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS……………………………………………………………….v
LIST OF TABLES………………………………………………………………………vi
LIST OF FIGURES……………………………………………………………………..vi
ABSTRACT……………………………………………………………………………..vii
CHAPTER I: THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
Introduction…………………………………………………………………....1
Statement of the Problem…………………………………………………...2
Scope and Delimitation……………………………………………………...3
Significance of the Study…………………………………………………...3
Definition of Terms…………………………………………………………...4
Conceptual Framework……………………………………………………...5
CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Brief Review of Literature…………………………………………………...6-8
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY
Research Design……………………………………………………………...9
Respondents of the Study………………………………………………….9

Data Gathering Instrument………………………………………………....10

Data Gathering Procedure………………………………………………….10

CHAPTER IV: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Data Analysis…………………………………………………………………11-18

CHAPTER V: FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Summary………………………………………………………………………19
 Findings…………………………………………………………………………20

Conclusion……………………………………………………………………..21

Recommendations……………………………………………………………22

References……………………………………………………………………..23

Questionnaire………………………………………………………………………….24-25

Curriculum Vetae……………………………………………………………………..26-29
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LIST OF TABLES

TABLES

Table1.1 Distribution of the Respondents According to Age……………11

Table 1.2 Distributions of the Respondents According to Sex………….12

Table 1.3: Distribution of the Respondents According to Grade Level..12

Table 2.1 Level of Awareness in Disaster Risk Reduction Management

Issues as to Earthquake……………………………............................14

Table2.2 Level of Awareness in Disaster Risk Reduction Management

Issues as to Typhoon…………………………………………………...16

Table 3.1 Difference on the level of Awareness in Disaster Risk

Reduction Issues when Grouped by Profile………………………...17

LIST OF FIGURE

FIGURE

Figure 1: Conceptual Framework……………………………………………...5

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ABSTRACT
This study determined the Disaster Risk Reduction Management among

junior high school students of Paharang Integrated School. This research employed

descriptive design to determine the level of awareness and preparedness of the

Junior High School of Paharang Integrated School with regards to Disaster Risk

Reduction Management. The descriptive type of research involves describing current

situation, establishing relationship between variables, and attempting to explain

causal relationship between variables. Descriptive research involves collecting data

to answer questions concerning the current status of the study.

Findings revealed that majority of the respondents are female. The

respondents are generally aware when it comes to the disaster reduction issues with

the hazards like typhoon and earthquake. Furthermore, there is a significant

difference on the level of awareness when the respondents were grouped according

to age, sex and grade level on the hazard issues about earthquake and typhoon.

The following conclusions were drawn. The curricular enhancement of the

Department of Education and intensified campaign on disaster risk reduction issues

of the government are effective in disseminating information concerning disaster risk

reduction to junior high school students. Females are more vigilant than males on

reduction issues on earthquake and typhoon because they tend to be more sensitive

about the environmental issues which may attribute to the gender role that they play

on the society. Junior high school students tend to be more aware on disaster risk

reduction issues like earthquake rather than other calamities like typhoon.
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CHAPTER I

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction

Earthquake and Typhoon are just few of many natural phenomena which causes

serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a society, major damage

property and loses of lives. Infamous for their destructive powers, typhoons can

generate winds of more than 75 miles per hour and cause major flooding through

intense rainfall and storm surges. Their effects range from structural damage to

trees, watercraft and buildings to both immediate and long-term impacts on human

life and livelihood. According to the Philippine Atmospheric Geophysical and

astronomical Services and Administration (PAGASA) more tropical cyclone (TC’s)

are entering the Philippine area of Responsibility (PAR) than anywhere else in the

world. The Philippines gets an average of 20 TC’s per year.

As for the earthquake its occurrences cannot be predicted, a disaster that

happens without warning in areas all around the world. According to the Philippine

Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS), the country experience an

average of 5 earthquakes a day. It is because the Philippines is situated along a

highly seismic area lying along Pacific ring of fire and is highly prone to earthquakes,

it is exposed to disasters and hazards due to its geography and geology as well as

the presence of Internal disputes in some areas. As cited by Batiyeh (2014) close to

90% of the earthquake fatalities occurred in developing countries and most deaths

are due to poor engineering design, construction practices and corruption in the

construction sector- OECD.

 And to control the said damages, loses and to prevent huge destruction, there

are various efforts and studies done by the government. Many local initiatives or joint

ventures has launched project to educate and prepare the community.

Such disaster education which includes education on disaster risks, mitigation

and preparedness strategies, is one approach to reduce the negative consequences

of disasters (Smith 1993, Mulyasari et.al.) Department of Education has been

conducting an earthquake drill at least twice a year. With supported order NO.55, S

2007 (Prioritizing the Mainstreaming of Disaster Risk Reduction and Management in

the School System and Implementation of Programs and Projects relative therefor)

and DepEd order No. 21, S. 2015 (Disaster Risk Reduction and Management

Coordination and Information Management Protocol), which seek to engage different

education stakeholders, especially learners and their families on disaster prevention

and preparedness.

With regard to this, the researchers conduct this study to determine the level of

awareness and preparedness of the students to disasters, earthquake and typhoon

to be specific.

Knowledge and attitude of people regarding the natural and man made

disasters are very essential in order to make us able to cope up with the disaster’s

adverse effects.

Statement of the Problem

 Anticipating, educating and informing are important ways to reduce the risk as

well as the deadly effect of disasters. (UNESCO 2007)

Consequently, this study aims to determine the level of awareness and

preparedness of the Junior High School students of Paharang Integrated School on

disaster such as Earthquake and Typhoon.

Specifically, it seeks to answer the following questions:

1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of:

1.1 Age

1.2 Sex

1.3 Grade Level

2. What is the level of awareness of the respondents in terms of Disaster Risk

Reduction issues along the following hazards;

2.1 Earthquake

2.2 Typhoon

3. What is the significant difference on the level of awareness of the respondents

among the natural hazards?

4. What could be recommended in order to attain a high level of student awareness

on Disaster Risk Reduction?

Scope and Delimitation

 The research anchors itself mainly to the level of awareness and

preparedness of the Junior High School students of Paharang Integrated School in

Disaster Risk Reduction Management .It also aims to identify the students

assistance needs in order to have an awareness and preparedness if earthquakes or

typhoons might occur.

This study is limited to the Junior High School students of Paharang

Integrated School. A total of 95 students from different level and section was chosen

to participate this study during the Academic School Year 2019-2020. The study

begun in January 2020 and was completed in March of the same year

Significance of the Study

Students are the society’s future, educating them and keeping them safe is

important. The study may serve as useful information and give benefits for the

following especially for the students of Paharang Integrated School which are the

respondents and the following beneficiaries:

To School Administration. The result of this study will benefit them to know

if the level of awareness and preparedness of their students are enough and for

them to give more instructions and programs in their school.

To Parents. The result of this study will benefit them and give awareness if

their children are completely aware and prepared to handle situations like

earthquake and typhoon. If not study, may give them ideas and realize to start

advising their children to participate in every drill in school implemented.

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To Students. The result of this study may give them idea on how to prevent

and familiarize on what to do in times of natural disaster. It also gives them idea

about the situation and how to handle it.

To Future Researcher. The result of this study will benefit the future

researchers, this study may provide them as a helping guide and source of

information as it is related on their study.

Definition of terms

The following terms are defined conceptually and operationally for better

understanding of the study.

Disaster. Something (such as a flood, tornado, fire, earthquake, typhoon, etc.)

that happens suddenly and causes much suffering or loss to many people (Merriam-

Webster Since 1828). In this study typhoon and earthquake are the disasters

presented to gather information about the Risk Reduction Management among

students.

Hazard. Is an agent which has the potential to cause harm to a vulnerable target

(Wikipedia). In this study hazards are the unpredictable events that use by the

researchers to measure the level of awareness of the students with regards to this.

Risk Reduction. Is usually an easy and inexpensive way to take up the slack

before applying the more costly and difficult measures (Science Direct). In this study

it pertains to the statements that the respondents are going to answer based on their

understanding and what they apply.

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Conceptual Framework
The study was conceptualized based on the analysis of Disaster Risk Reduction
and Management among Junior Highschool students of Paharang Integrated School.
Figure 1: Conceptual Framework

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Profile of the respondents Survey questionnaire Recommendation to

in terms of: distribution. increase the level of
awareness and
 Age preparedness of the
 Sex Junior Highschool
Students of Paharang
 Year level Integrated School on
Level of awareness and Earthquake and
preparedness in Typhoon.
disasters such as:
 Typhoon
 Earthquake

Figure 1. shows the conceptualized Input, Process and Output needed to know

the level of awareness and preparedness of the students in Disaster Risk Reduction

Management. In the Input, the researcher will get the profile of the respondents

including the age, sex, and year level. Aside from that the respondent’s level of

awareness and preparedness in disasters are also needed in the input. Then, the

input will be process by the use of survey questionnaires in a quantitative descriptive

research design. The statistical tools will be used as analyzer in order to get the data

needed. Lastly, the output will be the recommendation to obtain a high level of

student’s awareness and preparedness.

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CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Brief Review of Literature

Disaster is defined according to (B. Wisher, P. Blaikie, T. Canon, and I. Davis

(2004), as a natural or man made hazard that has come to fruition, resulting in an

event of substantial extent causing significant damage or destruction, loss of life, or

drastic change to the natural environment. A disaster can be extensively defined as

any tragic event with great loss stemming from events such as earthquakes, floods,

catastrophic incidents, fires, or explosions which means that disaster for safety and

for more lives to be save, this is considered disaster management.

The significant and catastrophic impacts of natural hazards led countries and

nations to prioritize disaster risk reduction(DRR). In January 2005, 168 countries

adopted the Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA) during the world conference on

Disaster Reduction held at Kobe, Hyogo Prefecture Japan. This action oriented

response has a goal to integrate effectively disaster prevention, mitigation,

preparedness and vulnerability reducing to the policies, plans and programs of

sustainable development. Governments all over the globe implement DRR, which is

n organized and step by step approach to identify, assess and reduce the risks

inflicted by disasters. It is an integral effort in managing disasters by strengthening

the capacities of communities toward the risks and adverse impacts of natural

hazards.

We need to prepare for disaster because we sometimes could not predict

disaster like earthquake .Disaster preparedness provides for the key strategic

actions that give importance to activities revolving around community awareness and
 7

understanding, contingency planning; conduct of local drills and the development of

a national disaster preparedness plan. Risk related information coming from the

prevention and mitigation aspect is necessary in order for the preparedness activities

to be responsive to the needs of people or students and situation on the ground.

Through these, coordination, complementation and interoperability of work in DRRM

operations and essentials services will be ensured. The United Nations International

Strategy for Disaster Reduction (UNISDR) mentioned and established the fact that

effective DRR Education strengthens the culture of awareness, preparedness, and

resiliency among students. They are the most vulnerable victims of disaster where in

risk can affect their physical, emotional, and psychological well-being.

D. Alexander (2002), says that local communities at the time of disaster or

before the disaster must make a group for helping the people from suffering during

the disaster. This groups include first aid group, Health group, food and welfare

group and etc. These things would only point out to disaster preparedness. We need

to prepare for disaster because we sometimes could not predict disaster like

earthquake. (dito lalagyan ng para sa specific sa typhoon at earthquake mga

preparedness ng students) Disaster preparedness provides for the key strategic

actions that give importance to activities revolving around community awareness and

understanding, contingency planning; conduct of local drills and the development of

a national disaster preparedness plan. Risk related information coming from the

prevention and mitigation aspect is necessary in order for the preparedness activities

to be responsive to the needs of people or students and situation on the ground.

Through these, coordination, complementation and interoperability of work in DRRM

operations and essentials services will be ensured. The United Nations International

Strategy for Disaster Reduction (UNISDR) mentioned and established the fact that
 8

effective DRR Education strengthens the culture of awareness, preparedness, and

resiliency among students. They are the most vulnerable victims of disaster where in

risk can affect their physical, emotional, and psychological well-being. The present

Philippine government addresses and implements these recommendations of

UNISDR by disseminating disaster risk assessment, reduction and management

through DepEd of the Philippines, that prioritizes the incorporation of DRRM into, the

National Basis Education System. The DRRM in the basic Education framework is

fully reinforced by the present curriculum school and community stakeholders are

engage and are asked to participate in the integration of DRR in the educational

programs. Based from the school DRRM Manual of DepEd, the children of the youth

should have a great involvement in the educational activities that promotes DRR

awareness. It is a priority that students should have an in depth understanding on

school.

Through its Disaster Risk Reduction and Management (DRRM) Service, DepEd

commits to build a “resilient society” in times of disasters. The DRRMS, has been

implementing DRRM programs, projects, and activities with the “aim of reducing

risks and impacts of disasters for learners, personnel, schools, and offices arising

from natural and human-induced hazards.”

The DepEd DRRMS also aims to “empower personnel, offices, schools, and learners

in ensuring safety and learning community.” It also “institutionalizes DRRM, Climate

Change Adaption (CCA) and Emergency in Education (EiE); and “strengthens the

resilience of basic education in the context of natural and human-induced hazards.”

 9

 Based risk reduction and management. Students should know what makes their

school unsafe, and how they make these places safe from disaster.

CHAPTER III

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY

This chapter includes the research method that were followed in the study. The

researcher describes the research design, statistical treatment of data the

researchers used to come up with the respondents of the study, and data gathering

procedure. The instrument to be use for the data collection is also described.

Research Design

This research employed descriptive design to determine the level of awareness

and preparedness of the Junior High School of Paharang Integrated School with

regards to Disaster Risk Reduction Management. The descriptive type of research

involves to describe current situation, establish relationship between variables, and

attempt to explain causal relationship between variables. Descriptive research

involves collecting data to answer questions concerning the current status of the

study.

Respondents of the Study

The respondents of the study are consisting of 95 students of Junior Highschool.

There are20 participants in Grade 7, 38participants in Grade 8, 15 participants for

Grade 9 and 22 participants in Grade 10.

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Data Gathering Instrument

The researchers used modified questionnaires from a related study to easily

determine the level of awareness and preparedness in Disaster Risk Reduction

Management of the Junior Highschool, where questionnaires are used. The

questionnaire were adopted from the other study but still validated by chosen

teachers to prove its reliability.

The questionnaire was given to students that is needed to answer during

vacant time and class hours as permitted by the school head.

The researchers used a 4-point Likert scale in interpreting the results. In the

Likert scale technique, the degree of agreement or disagreement is given numerical

value ranging from one to four, thus a total numerical value can be

Rank Range Interpretation Level

4 3.5-4.0 Fully Aware Very High

3 2.5-3.4 Aware High

2 1.5-2.4 Slightly Aware Low

1 1.0-1.4 Not Aware at All Very Low

Calculated from all responses

Data Gathering Procedure

The researchers distributed the survey- questionnaire during vacant time and

class hours to the Junior Highschool students. The students were given time to read,

analyze and answer the questions completely to the best of their knowledge.

Gonzales, M. (2002). Research Methods and Thesis Writing

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CHAPTER IV

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Data Analysis

Part 1 Demographic Profile of the Respondents

With regards to the first question set forth in the study, the researchers

present the demographic profile of the respondents.

This part will discuss the demographic profile of the 95 students who

answered the survey questionnaire that was given by the researchers. The

description of the respondents included their age and sex.

Table1.1 Distribution of the Respondents According to Age

AGE FREQUENCY PERCENT

12 and below 11 11.6
13-14 53 55.8
15-16 30 31.6
17 and above 1 1.1
TOTAL 95 100.0

Table 1 shows the distribution frequency and percentage of the 95 students

who answer the survey questionnaire. It shows that out of 95 students 55.8% are 13-

14 years of age, 31.6% are 15-16, 11.6% are 12 and below and 1.1% are 17 and

above. In this study, the average age is 14 years old. This only implies that most of

the respondents are teenagers.

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Table 1.2 Distribution of the Respondents According to Sex

SEX FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

M 37 38.9
F 58 61.1

TOTAL 95 100.0

Table 1.2 displays the frequency and percentage distribution of the

respondents in terms of their sex. As can be seen, most of the respondents who

participated in the study are female with 61.1% while there are 37 males or an

equivalent of 38.9%.

Table 1.3: Distribution of the Respondents According to Grade Level

GRADE LEVEL FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

7 20 21.1
8 38 40.0
9 15 15.8
10 22 23.2

TOTAL 95 100.0

As can be seen in the table 1.3, most of the respondents are in grade 8 with

the percentage of 40% which reflects to the 38 grade 8 students. Next are the grade

10 students with 23.2% equivalent to 22 students, followed by grade 7 students with

21.2% and lastly grade nine students with 15.8% of the total number of 95 students.
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Part 2: Level of Awareness in Disaster Risk Reduction Issues

With regards to the second question set forth in this study, the researchers

present the perceived level of awareness of the respondents in Disaster Risk

Reduction Management which is classified into two main hazards; earthquake and

typhoon.
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Table 2.1 Level of Awareness in Disaster Risk Reduction Management Issues

as to Earthquake

WEGTHED VERBAL
STATEMENT MEAN INTERPRETATION RANK
1. There is earthquake hazard prone Aware
3.13 5
area in Paharang Integrated School.
2. The first thing to do during an Aware
3.48 1
earthquake is to duck, cover and hold.
3. Earthquakes are not predictable Aware
therefore one must have presence of 3.00 8
mind all the time.
4. Houses that fallow correctly the Aware
guidelines on the building code will not
2.96 9
easily collapse even at higher
magnitude earthquake.
5. Ares near the fault line have higher Aware
3.08 7
earthquake risk.
6. One must know how to put off the Aware
2.89 10
possible fire caused by an earthquake.
7. Residential houses and other Aware
establishments must be built on areas 3.10 6
not found on high seismic risks.
8. An earthquake drill is necessary to Aware
help us prepare and act properly 3.26 2
during possible earthquake.
9. It is necessary to know how to Aware
administer the basic and first aid for 3.23 3.5
minor injuries caused by earthquake.
10. It is important not to forget to turn Aware
off the electrical supply during an 3.23 3.5
earthquake.

Aware
COMPOSITE MEAN 3.14
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Table 2.1 corresponds to the perceived level of awareness in Disaster Risk

Reduction Management Issues as to Earthquake. As can be seen in the 2 nd

statement, which read “The first thing to do during an earthquake is to duck, cover

and hold.” Registered a weighted mean of 3.48 which means the respondents are

fully aware of what to do first when an earthquake hit their areas. It is seconded by

XII Assistant Regional director Barranco(2017) as he stated that even if “duck, cover

and hold” sounds or looks funny, it might actually save one’s life when a real tremor

strikes.

With the weighted mean of 3.26 respondents are fully aware that an

earthquake drill is necessary to help us prepare and act properly during possible

earthquake, it is the reason why the statement got its second place and reflects that

the respondents know that implementing earthquake drills can really help them to be

prepared in times of this kind of disaster. It is supported by the study of Orallo(2015)

as she stated that Disaster reduction drills and exercises are good opportunities to

review the effectiveness of the disaster management system in view of quick and

appropriate emergency operations and to enhance public awareness through wide

participation.

As table 2.1 shows the result and having its composite mean of 3.14 the

respondents are fully aware on what to do when an earthquake strikes at their

location. In addition, considering that all the statements are verbally interpreted as

fully aware there is a high level of awareness in disaster risk reduction management

issues as to earthquake. According to the study (2010-2015) Hyabao Framework for

action. The goal of disaster awareness and preparedness is to lessen the rate or the

death percentage of our country and it can also reduce the damage caused by

natural hazards like earthquakes, floods and typhoons, through an ethic prevention.”
 16

disaster preparedness refers to measures taken on vulnerable population and

respond to and effectively to cope with their consequences” (Ferry 2017).

Table2.2 Level of Awareness in Disaster Risk Reduction Management Issues

as to Typhoon

WEGTHED VERBAL
STATEMENT MEAN INTERPRETATION RANK
1. An emergency kit is a necessary preparation for
typhoons which includes food supply flashlight, medical 3.26 Aware
kit, etc. 2.5
2. One short siren signal alert level 1 alert the public to Aware
be vigilant for upcoming disaster, Pre-school are 3.08
suspended. 5
3. Two short siren signals alert level 2, alerting the Aware
public for possible evacuation, elementary and 3.03
secondary classes are suspended. 8
4. Three short siren signal alert level 3 alerting the Aware
public to commence evacuation (for those high risks 3.26
areas). 2.5
5. Typhoon Public Information dissemination is done by Aware
the PAG ASA and PHILVOLCS through radio, social 3.25
media and text blasts. 4
6. Damage caused by typhoons could be reduced by Aware
doing structural measures or by building strong 2.91
structures to withstand and impact caused by winds. 11
7. Be flood ready because it could also be caused by Aware
cyclones. 3.05 6
8. Wind-proof buildings are needed to provide Aware
communities with shelter. 3.03
8
9. People should avoid building directly on the coastline Aware
because they are at high risks on storm surge. 3.01 10
10. Mangrove trees and coral reefs should be protected Aware
as they act as natural wave breakers, wetlands and
forest can serve as flood control system, storing large 3.03
amount of floodwater should also be conserved. 8
11. There are evacuation centers allotted for those Aware
people living in medium built houses or houses that are
not so well constructed and made up of light materials 3.33
only. 1
COMPOSITE MEAN 3.11 Aware
 17

Table 2.2 indicates that the students are aware on issues regarding to

typhoons as supported by the composite mean of 3.11. On the other hand, the

statement there are evacuation centers allotted for those people living in medium

built houses or houses that are not so well constructed and made up of light

materials only, ranks first with the weighted mean of 3.33 among the 11 statements.

This result shows that the respondents are aware that to become safe, strong

house built must be needed as preparation from the typhoon. This is supported by

the statement “The typhoon brings rain, storm surge, and huge waves, which often

cause heavy casualties and huge economic loses” (Wei et al. 2015). Therefore

respondents are aware that if their houses are slightly built they should go on the

corresponding evacuation areas.

Part 3. Significant difference on the Level of Awareness of the Respondents

Among the Natural Hazards.

Table 3.1 Difference on the level of Awareness in Disaster Risk Reduction

Issues when Grouped by Profile

Profile Hazard t-value P-Value Decision

Earthquake -11.625 .000 significant

Age
Typhoon -10.419 .000 significant

significant
Earthquake -23.325 .000
Sex
Typhoon -23.143 .000 significant

significant
Earthquake -6.039 .000
Grade Level
Typhoon -5.686 .000 significant
 18

Based from the results, the assessment of the respondents regarding Junior

High School student’s level of awareness in Disaster Risk Reduction Management

Issues as to earthquake when group according to age, shows the significant

differences. This is justified by p-values 0.00 which was lower than, 0.10 level of

significance which resulted in the rejection of the null hypothesis. This implies that

with regards on the age of the respondents they have the different levels of

awareness in Disaster Risk Reduction Management issues as to earthquake.

Table 3.1 shows that when the respondents were grouped according to their

profile such as age, perceived level of awareness of the disaster risk reduction

issues in terms of all the natural hazards obtained p-values which are less than 0.10.

Its corresponding null hypotheses were accepted. This means that there is a

significant difference among ages 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, and 17 years old junior high

school students’ level of awareness on the natural hazards like earthquake and

typhoon.

As to respondents’ sex there is a significant difference on the students’ level

of awareness among 2 natural hazards. This is indicated by the p-value of 0.00

which is lesser than 0.10 level of significance. Which means there is a significant

difference among male and female junior high school students’ level of awareness

on the natural hazards.

Regarding grade level of the respondents, there is significant difference

among grade 7, grade 8, grade 9, and grade 10 junior high school students. This is

indicated by the t-value and p-value of -6.039(0.00) for earthquake and -5.686(0.00).

Therefore the null hypothesis is failed to reject.

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CHAPTER V

FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter presents the summary of the study, the summary of the findings

and recommendations.

Summary

The main thrust of this descriptive research work is to determine the disaster

risk reduction awareness among junior high school students of Paharang Integrated

School in order to prepare enhancement activities for the benefit of the students.

Specifically, it seeks to answer the following questions:

1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of:

1.1 Age

1.2 Sex

1.3 Grade Level

2. What is the level of awareness of the respondents in terms of Disaster Risk

Reduction issues along the following hazards;

2.1Earthquake

2.2Typhoon

3. What is the significant difference on the level of awareness of the

respondents among the natural hazards?

4. What could be recommended in order to attain a high level of student

awareness on Disaster Risk Reduction?

 20

The researchers used modified questionnaires from a related study to easily

determine the level of awareness and preparedness in Disaster Risk Reduction

Management of the Junior High School, where questionnaires are used. The

questionnaire were adopted from the other study but still validated by chosen

teachers to prove its reliability.

The questionnaire was given to students that are needed to answer during

vacant time and class hours as permitted by the school head.

Prior to its administration, permission was sought from the head of the school

so that the researchers could administer it to the target respondents. The

questionnaires, after its administration were eventually retrieved after the

respondents were done answering.

Findings

The following were the findings of the study:

1. Profile distribution. In terms of age distribution, majority of the respondents

are having age in a range of 13-14 with 55.8% of the total population of 95

individuals. On the other hand 1.1% claimed that he/she is 17 years old which

was the lowest frequency score among the group.

With regard to sex, majority of the respondents are female as implied

by the frequency score of 58 or 61.1 %. On the other hand, 37 or 38.9% of the

respondents are male.

When it comes to the distribution of grade level, grade 8 students have

the highest frequency score of 38 or 40% while the least respondents were

grade 9 with frequency score of 15 or as equivalent of 15.8%.

 21

2. Level of awareness of the respondents in terms of Disaster Risk

Reduction issues. With regard to the assessment on student’s level of

awareness in disaster risk reduction issues, the composite mean of 3.14

implies that the respondents are fully aware on what to do when an

earthquake strikes at their location. While having the composite mean of 3.11

and verbally interpreted as aware indicates that the students are aware of

what to on hazard issues like typhoon. The junior high school students are

generally aware on disaster risk reduction issues associated with the natural

hazards like earthquake and typhoon.

3. Significant differences. There is a significant difference on the level of

awareness when the respondents were grouped according to age, sex and

grade level on the hazard issues about earthquake and typhoon.

Conclusions

Based on the findings of the study, the following conclusions were drawn:

1. The curricular enhancement of the Department of Education and intensified

campaign on disaster risk reduction issues of the government are effective in

disseminating information concerning disaster risk reduction to junior high

school students.

2. Females are more vigilant than males on reduction issues on earthquake and

typhoon because they tend to be more sensitive about the environmental

issues which may attribute to the gender role that they play on the society.

3. Junior high school students tend to be more aware on disaster risk reduction

issues like earthquake rather than other calamities like typhoon.

 22

Recommendations

Based from the findings and conclusions of the study, the following

recommendations are proposed:

1. School administration should enhance symposiums on disaster risk reduction

to alleviate student’s awareness on disaster and make sure that stick to the

building code and maintain coordination with the disaster risk reduction

council of the city.

2. Teachers handling science subject need to give more information on other

natural hazards other than typhoon and earthquake and conduct information

drive disaster risk reduction issues. Consideration of gender role in disaster

education is recommended.

3. Students should cooperate and participate actively on implemented drills

regarding disaster risk reduction.

4. Parents are encouraged to participate and support programs in disaster risk

reduction.
 23

References

Batiyeh (2014). A Study on Disaster Awareness and Preparedness among College

Students in District Ganderbal of Kashmir Valley. Retrieved from

https://www.academia.edu/38580094/.

Barranco(2017). Research Report Study on Earthquake and Typhoon.

https://www.adrc.asia>vrdataPDF

B. Wisher, P. Blaikie, T. Canon, and I. Davis (2004). https://preventionweb.net/risk.

D. Alexander (2002). PRC Philippine Report Final.

https://hhi.harvard.edu/sites/default/files/publications/.

Hyabao (2010-2015). Study on Typhoon Disaster Loss and Risk Prediction and

Benefit Assessment of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/aricle/pii/S2225603219300074 .

Orallo(2015). Disaster Preparedness and Level Of Awareness Earthquake.

https://www.academia.edu/39365214.

Smith (1993). Disaster Preparedness and Level of Awareness Earthquake.

https://www.academia.edu/39365214/.

United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (UNISDR). Retrieved

https://weatherph.org/what-you-should-know-about-typhoon-and-flood/
 24

Questionnaire

Disaster Risk Reduction Management among Junior High School Students of Paharang
Integrated School
Name (optional):__________________________________Age:_______ sex:_______
Grade level:___________
Dear respondents,
Our group is conducting a research about “ Disaster Risk Reduction Management
among Junior High School Students of Paharang Integrated School”, we asked for your
cooperation to complete our prepared process questionnaire as far as your knowledge of
honesty and concerned. We assure that any response will remain confidential. Thank you.
Direction: Answer the following questions by putting a check(/) on the corresponding level
based on the following likert scale:
4 - Fully aware 3 - Aware
2 - Slightly aware 1- Not aware at all
A. Level of Awareness in Disaster Risk Reduction Issues as to Earthquake

Statement 4 3 2 1
1. There are earthquake hazard prone area in Paharang Integrated School.

2. The first thing to do during an earthquake is to duck, cover and hold.

3. Earthquakes are not predictable therefore one must have presence of

mind all the time.

4. Houses that fallow correctly the guidelines on the building code will not
easily collapse even at higher magnitude earthquake.

5. Ares near the fault line have higher earthquake risk.

6. One must know how to put off the possible fire caused by an
earthquake.

7. Residential houses and other establishments must be built on areas not

found on high seismic risks.

8. An earthquake drill is necessary to help us prepare and act properly

during possible earthquake.

9. It is necessary to know how to administer the basic and first aid for
minor injuries caused by earthquake.
 25

10. It is important not to forget to turn off the electrical supply during an
earthquake.

B. Level of awareness in Disaster Risk reduction Issues as to Typhoon.

Statement 4 3 2 1

1.An emergency kit is a necessary preparation for typhoons which

includes food supply flashlight, medical kit, etc.

2.One short siren signal alert level 1 alert the public to be vigilant for
upcoming disaster, Pre-school are suspended.

3.Two short siren signals alert level 2, alerting the public for possible
evacuation, elementary and secondary classes are suspended.

4.Three short siren signal alert level 3 alerting the public to commence
evacuation (for those high risks areas).

5.Typhoon Public Information dissemination is done by the PAG ASA and

PHILVOLCS through radio, social media and text blasts.

6.Damage caused by typhoons could be reduced by doing structural

measures or by building strong structures to withstand and impact caused
by winds.

7.Be flood ready because it could also be caused by cyclones.

8.Wind-proof buildings are needed to provide communities with shelter.

9.People should avoid building directly on the coastline because they are
at high risks on storm surge.

10.Mangrove trees and coral reefs should be protected as they act as

natural wave breakers, wetlands and forest can serve as flood control
system, storing large amount of floodwater should also be conserved.

11.There are evacuation centers allotted for those people living in

medium built houses or houses that are not so well constructed and
made up of light materials only.
 26

Curriculum Vitae
Name: Loria A. Dagli

Birthday: November 2. 2002

Address: Bilogo Batangas City

Age: 17

Gender: Female

Religion: Roman Catholic

Nationality: Filipino

Civil Status: Single

Parents

Father: Leonardo Dagli

Mother: Ruby Dagli

Education

Elementary: Bilogo Elementary School

Junior High School: Paharang Integrated School, Christian Ecclesiastical School

Senior High School: Paharang Integrated School

 27

Name: Iyra Nicole M. Montalbo

Birthday: May 11, 2003

Address: Zone 2, Bilogo Batangas City

Age: 16

Gender: Female

Religion: Roman Catholic

Nationality: Filipino

Civil Status: Single

Parents

Father: Elmar Montalbo

Mother: Sheryl Montalbo

Education

Elementary: Bilogo Elementary School

Junior High School: Paharang Integrated School

Senior High School: Paharang Integrated School

 28

Name: Jeanneth A. Torino

Birthday: November 2. 2002

Address: Bilogo Batangas City

Age: 16

Gender: Female

Religion: Roman Catholic

Nationality: Filipino

Civil Status: Single

Parents

Father: Ruben A. Torino

Mother: Ellen A. Torino

Education

Elementary: Bilogo Elementary School

Junior High School: Paharang Integrated School, Christian Ecclesiastical School

Senior High School: Paharang Integrated School

 29

Name: Juven L. Matanguihan

Birthday: June 2, 2002

Address: Pallocan West Batangas City

Age: 17

Gender: Male

Religion: Roman Catholic

Nationality: Filipino

Civil Status: Single

Parents

Father: Alberto T. Matanguihan

Mother: Alma L. Matanguihan

Education

Elementary: Mulanay Central School

Junior High School: Bondoc Peninsula Agricultural High School

Senior High School: Paharang Integrated School