RICE HUSKS (Oryza sativa) ASH AS A GROWING MEDIUM

FOR LETTUCE (Lactuca sativa)

A Quantitative Research
presented to the Basic Education Department of
PILAR COLLEGE OF ZAMBOANGA CITY, INC.
R.T. Lim, Boulevard, Zamboanga City

in partial fulfillment of the requirements in

PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2

Destacamento, Reisha Kate B.

Sangkula, Ahmad Faizam S.
Esteban, Adreanna Jade A.
Campos, Aubrey Joanne D.
Juaquera, John Emman L.
Mohammad, Ahmeed B.
Chan, Jessa Roselle D.
Jalalun, Nhourcza S.
Magallon, Emalyn B.
Damih, Nurilyn A.
Kadil, Shaira D.
Grade 12 - St. Paul the Apostle

RONALD M. SORIANO, LPT

Research Adviser

May 2022

i
 ABSTRACT

A growing medium is used in the agriculture and horticulture industry, which helps ensure

the plant's growth, improving the soil structure. Peat has been the most common material used in

a growing medium. However, Peat as a growing medium has caused increased environmental and

ecological concerns in recent years since its harvest threatens endangered wetland ecosystems

worldwide. Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) is a popular salad crop with the largest production area

globally, but the production may be limited due to a lack of new manufacturing techniques. To

produce high-quality crops and maintain a healthy lettuce plant, Lettuce requires suitable soil.

With this, making the best growing medium can improve the growth of Lettuce. An experimental

research study using a completely randomized design aimed to evaluate the growth of Lettuce in

response to the application of Rice husk ash (RHA) as a growing medium. Specifically, it sought

to find out the significant difference in lettuce growth between the five RHA treatments, rates at

(0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80%) in terms of the plant height, stem length, area of leaves, and the

number of leaves and which among them produces the best results. Based on the average results,

the First treatment with 20% RHA has the highest average in terms of all variables, which means

that it is the most effective on the growth of Lettuce, while the Control treatment with 0% RHA

has the lowest among other treatments. The results imply that the Rice husk ash (RHA) effectively

improves plant growth, specifically the lettuce plant. This study concluded that all treatments

containing different percentages of RHA rates at (20%, 40%, 60%, and 80%) have the potential to

improve lettuce plant growth due to its silica contents, resulting in healthy plant growth.

Keywords: Growing medium, Lettuce, Rice husk ash

ii
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The fulfillment of this research would be impossible without the help of our merciful God

and the people who contributed much to its success. Praise and appreciation to the Almighty

God/Allah for blessing our research, directing us, and giving us the strength and determination to

finish it. We thank everything he has done for us. Our immense appreciation goes to Mr. Ronald

Soriano, our honorable Practical Research teacher, a virtuous man, an excellent lecturer, and a

friend. Despite all the stress and tight schedule, he made time to go through our work with all our

mistakes and help make the necessary corrections. The researchers were grateful to him for guiding

and supporting us throughout the process of making this research paper, enabling us to conduct

the study experiment within the school, and assisting with the construction of the lettuce plants'

mini greenhouse. It would be tough to complete without his directions and support. We pray that

the Lord will award him in double folds and according to the riches in glory. For the success of

this study, we would like to extend our gratitude to the school principal and management of Pilar

College of Zamboanga City for the support, allowing us to conduct our study within the school.

Our sincere gratitude goes to our loving and ever-caring parents, who helped and supported us

financially by successfully providing the necessary materials to conduct our research experiment.

This research study has been successful because of the support and hard work that each researcher

has provided. This project would not have been achievable without collaboration, hard work, and

teamwork. We want to express our heartfelt gratitude to ourselves, with each member providing

valuable information, efforts, and consideration and playing their role well in completing this

research study.

iii
 DEDICATION

This study is sincerely dedicated to our beloved parents and family, who have been our

primary source of inspiration and information. They have always encouraged us to perform our

work and provided us with moral and financial support. The researchers would want to express

their gratitude to everyone who has supported and believed in them. This research will benefit

more individuals in the future because the researchers worked hard to conduct it. We also dedicate

this work to our friends and classmates, who extend their help when we encounter problems while

doing this work. Above all, to our Almighty God/Allah, who has bestowed His blessings on us in

our daily lives, particularly for the strength, courage, patience, wisdom, time, and guidance in

completing this study. All of these, we offer to you.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE

TITLE PAGE……………………………………………………………………………... i

ABSTRACT………………………………………………………………………………. ii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT………………………………………………………………... iii

DEDICATION………………………………………………………………………......... iv

TABLE OF CONTENTS………………………………………………………………… v

LIST OF FIGURES………………………………………………………………............. vii

I. INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study…………………………………………………………... 1

1.2 Statement of the Problem……………………………………………….................. 3

1.3 Significance of the Study………………………………………………………....... 4

1.4 Scope and Delimitation……………………………………………………….......... 5

II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.1 Related Literature…………………………………………………………………...6

2.2 Conceptual Framework…………………………………………………………….. 13

2.3 Research Hypothesis……………………………………………………………….. 13

2.4 Definition of Terms and Variables………………………………………................ 14

III. METHODOLOGY

3.1 Research Design…………………………………………………………………….15

3.2 The Instrument……………………………………………………………………... 15

3.3 Data Collection Procedure…………………………………………………………. 15

3.4 Plan for Data Analysis……………..………………………………………………. 16

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IV. PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA

4.1 Based on First Question in the SOP………………………..……………………….17

4.2 Based on Second Question in the SOP…………………………………………….. 24

4.3 Discussion………………………………………………………………….............. 30

4.4 Re-conceptualized Framework…………………………………………………….. 31

V. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

5.1 Conclusions………………………………………………………………………… 33

5.2 Recommendations………………………………………………………………….. 34

BIBLIOGRAPHY...………………………………………………………………………. 36

APPENDICES

Appendix A………………………………………………………………………………... 41

Appendix B……………………………………………………………………………….... 42

Appendix C………………………………………………………………………………… 43

Appendix D………………………………………………………………………………… 51

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 LIST OF FIGURES

PAGE

Figure 1.0: Conceptual Framework of the Study………………………………………. 13

Figure 1.1: Control Treatment Results…………………………………………………. 18

Figure 1.2: First Treatment Results…………………………………………………….. 19

Figure 1.3: Second Treatment Results…………………………………………………..20

Figure 1.4: Third Treatment Results…………………………………………………… 21

Figure 1.5: Fourth Treatment Results…………………………………………………... 22

Figure 1.6: Average Plant Height………………………………………………………. 25

Figure 1.7: Average Stem Length……………………………………………………… 26

Figure 1.8: Average Area of the Leaves………………………………………………... 27

Figure 1.9: Average Number of Leaves………………………………………………... 28

Figure 2.0: Re-Conceptualized Framework……………………………………………. 31

vii
 Chapter I
INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) is a nutritious vegetable usually eaten raw in salads. Lettuce

contains vitamin C and K and phenolic chemicals and fiber, all of which contribute to its health

benefits. Lettuce is a popular salad crop with the largest production area globally. Many countries

have their lettuce farms due to their consumers and producers, but lettuce production may be

limited due to a lack of new manufacturing techniques. To produce high-quality crops and maintain

a healthy lettuce plant, lettuce requires suitable soil. With this, making the best growing medium

can improve the growth of lettuce.

Fertilizers for agriculture are those that aid in the growth of plants. Many people use

organic fertilizers, such as compost or manure, to blend into the soil where the plants will grow.

Chicken manure is a good soil fertilizer because it gives plants nitrogen, phosphorus, and

potassium. Chemical fertilizers can also be used, but they can cause issues like nutrient loss,

contamination of surface and groundwater, soil acidification, losses in beneficial microbial

populations, and increased sensitivity to destructive insects (Chen, 2006).

Rice husk ash (RHA) is a by-product of the milling process made up of the outer section

of the rice grain. Since rice is one of the most commonly farmed food crops, roughly 150 million

tons of rice hulls are generated as an unavoidable agricultural waste item worldwide when rice is

separated from paddy. RHA is a waste product produced in large quantities and can pollute the

environment if not correctly utilized. Rice hulls, a soil amendment, which can improve the soil's

drainage, aeration, and water holding capacity, are high in silica. Silica in rice husk can be helpful

1
to many plants, especially in rice crops. It can decrease some toxic elements and increase the

biomass of food crops. When carbonized, rice husk has a high drainage capacity, is easy to handle,

and is light in weight. It has a slightly alkaline pH, is flocculated, and is pathogen and nematode

free. It has appropriate K and Ca, two critical macronutrients for plant development. Carbonized

rice husk can be employed in substrates because it provides root penetration and air exchange (Sale

et al., 2021).

The use of a potting medium, or what is labeled as "growing media," is used in the

agriculture and horticulture industry, which can help ensure the plant's growth. This material

consists of peat moss, sand, compost, and vermiculite mixed in the soil where plants grow

(Growing media, 2016). Adding more potting mediums to the soil can improve the soil structure.

As a result, it improves plant growth and soil productivity, and the soil will be healthier. Sand,

compost, and peatlands are rapidly vanishing worldwide due to their widespread use. However,

some of the resources mentioned, such as peat, might be harmful to the ecosystem if used. Peat

burning, according to studies, dries up the soil, worsens natural conditions, and emits hazardous

carbon emissions (Zylva, 2019). Since the common substrates are costly and said to be dangerous

to the environment, using an alternative growing medium, which is the Rice Husk Ash, can solve

the agricultural waste and create sustainable agriculture. RHA as a growing media can help the

horticulture industry make the soil healthier and make high-quality crops.

The role of Rice husk (RHA) ash is due to its silica content and the ash's dominant divalent

cations. With the right amount of rice husk ash, the plant's growth can be improved and healthier

as it grows. Many potting soils lack one or more essential components to improve soil qualities,

such as peat, vermiculite, perlite, and wood fiber. Incorporating Rice husk ash (RHA) into the soil

will provide a growing media that can create healthier soil by improving drainage channels, soil

2
aeration, loosening up the soil, and acidic imbalances. In addition, when ash is mixed with manure

or compost, it improves the soil's stability (Hepperly, n.d.)

Making a substrate out of resourceful materials is a great potting medium for a plant that

requires high-quality soil, such as lettuce. Therefore, sufficient amounts of RHA should be present

in the soil to improve its development characteristics and properties. Hence, this study aims to

evaluate the growth of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) in response to the application of RHA. The goal

of this study is to create a growing medium for lettuce, in which the researchers will test the

effectiveness of Rice husk ash as a growing medium with different amounts along with soil and

chicken manure.

Statement of the Problem

This study aims to evaluate the growth of Lettuce in response to the application of RHA.

It seeks to answer the following questions:

1. Which among the four RHA treatments produces the best results on the growth of Lettuce:

a.) Control Treatment: 90% soil + 10% chicken manure + 0% RHA

b.) First Treatment: 70% soil + 10% chicken manure + 20% RHA

c.) Second Treatment: 50% soil + 10% chicken manure + 40% RHA

d.) Third Treatment: 30% soil + 10% chicken manure + 60% RHA

e.) Fourth Treatment: 10% soil + 10% chicken manure + 80% RHA

3
 2. Is there a significant difference in lettuce growth between RHA treatments in terms of the

following parameters:

a.) Plant height

b.) Stem length

c.) Area of the leaves

d.) Number of leaves

Significance of the Study

The study is significant in determining the effects of Rice husk ash as a growing medium

for lettuce. This study would help people spend less financially trying to find the best growing

medium for lettuce while also protecting the environment. The findings of this study are beneficial

to the environment, the community, farmers, the horticulture industry, and future researchers.

The Environment

Rice husk ash (RHA) is a waste product produced in large quantities in many countries.

Therefore, it may cause pollution in the environment if not utilized properly. So, instead of leaving

all the waste everywhere, this study utilizes Rice husk ash (RHA) as a growing media to avoid

damage to the environment and develop sustainable agriculture.

The Community

This study will help the community, especially for the "plantitos and plantitas" who desire

to have a better way of raising lettuce in their own homes. It will help them utilize affordable ways

to grow lettuce, and they can earn a living from it.

4
The Farmers

This study will help the farmers figure out a less expensive medium for planting lettuce,

earning more income, and utilizing our natural resources. In addition, the findings of this study

will provide them with an additional choice of substrate that can easily be found around their

vicinity. It will also provide sustainability and decent income since the production is low-cost.

The Horticulture Industry

There is a growing demand in horticulture for peat as a growing medium. This study will

help horticulture determine a better method for sowing nutritious plants, particularly when rice

husk ash is used as a substrate. In addition, this study will help them utilize a low-cost, readily

available substrate for replacing peat moss.

For Future Researchers

This study will help future researchers study the effects of Rice husk ash as a growing

medium for lettuce. This study will also help other researchers planning to take this topic as their

research study and serve as the basis of their future studies.

Scope and Delimitation

The study was conducted to determine the effect of rice husk ash as a growing medium for

Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) in terms of the plant height, the stem length, the area of leaves, and the

number of leaves. The study was conducted at Pilar College of Zamboanga City, Inc. Its primary

purpose is to evaluate the growth of lettuce plants in response to the application of different

percentages of Rice husk ash (RHA) in pots. The lettuce growth will be monitored and documented

twice a week for two weeks.

5
 Chapter 2
REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE AND CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

Related Literature

Lettuce (Lactuca sativa)

Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) is an essential dietary vegetable usually eaten raw in salads. The

availability of vitamin C, phenolic compounds, and fiber levels in Lettuce contribute to its health

advantages (Mulabagal et al., 2010).

According to Tesfa et al. (2018), Lettuce is one of the most popular salad crops, having the

largest production area globally. Due to a lack of new production techniques, however, lettuce

production may be limited.

Gonzaga et al. (2018) found that Lettuce requires soil in good condition to produce high-

quality crops. Its constant supply is important due to the increasing demand, contributing to the

Philippine economy. Growing Lettuce faced several problems. Protective structures have been

shown to improve crop growth by protecting crops from adverse environmental conditions. The

addition of organic soil amendments will increase the CEC of the soil and help retain nutrients

(Bulluck et al., 2002).

Organic materials, such as compost or manure, will improve Lettuce growing conditions

by increasing drainage, providing essential nutrients, and improving growing conditions. Lettuce

grows best in soil high in organic matter, has plenty of compost, and receives a steady supply of

nitrogen. Growing Lettuce in containers necessitates using the proper pot and planting medium

(Gilmour, 2020).

6
Growing Medium

A growing medium is any material used to grow plants other than soil. As a major supplier

to the modern horticultural industry, the peat and growing media sector are essential to its long-

term sustainability. The horticultural industry and consumers utilize growing media to help with

the development of plants. Growing medium provides a range of essential factors to the plant,

including a physical rooting environment, air storage for roots, water absorption and retention, and

a nutrition supply (Growing Media, 2016).

Abubakari (2017) stated that manure and loam soil is preferred growing medium substrates

in Sub-Saharan Africa. Their weak physiochemical properties, on the other hand, limit their usage

in growing media.

Peat moss, vermiculite, perlite, bark, and compost are the most common substrate

components. Due to the high cost of transportation, extraction fuel, and processing, this widely

utilized substrate has a high cost (Morgan et al., 2008). According to Bunt (1988), Peat has been

the most common constituent of growing medium. However, Peat as a growing medium has caused

increased environmental and ecological concerns in recent years since its harvest threatens

endangered wetland ecosystems worldwide (Zaller, 2007).

Growing demand for peat as a growing medium in horticulture has prompted a search for

high-quality, low-cost substrates as an alternative (Restrepo et al., 2013). Therefore, the interest in

finding low-cost, readily available substrates to replace peat moss has become very important

(Altmann, 2008).

7
Rice Husk Ash (RHA)

Rice is one of the most frequently produced food crops in many countries. As a result,

roughly 150 million tons of rice hulls are generated as an unavoidable agricultural waste item

worldwide when rice is removed from paddy. Rice hulls must be used effectively to mitigate the

negative effects of agricultural waste and establish sustainable agriculture (Ano & Ebe, 2020).

RHA is a by-product of the milling process that is the outer part of the rice grain. Rice husk

makes up around 20% of the weight of the rice, and when burned, it leaves 15% of the weight as

husk ash (Nasution et al., 2009).

According to França et al. (2017), Rice husk ash (RHA) is a waste product produced in

huge quantities in different regions of the world and can be difficult to dispose of.

The National Agricultural Research Center and Japan's Takata Engineering Corp.

collaborated to create a technique for making fertilizer from rice husk ashes that contain highly

soluble silicic acid. Every year, Japan produces about two million tons of rice husks, with a global

production of 100 million tons. These husks are burned as biomass fuel to generate energy, but

there is still the issue of what to do with the ashes, which make up 20% of the whole volume. This

innovative technique aids in the efficient use of these ashes (Japan for Sustainability, 2005).

Rice Husk Ash as Growing Medium

Organic fertilizer is being used significantly in agriculture. Rice husk is used as an organic

fertilizer to increase productivity and water efficiency (Govindarao1980; Ebaid et al., 2007; Badar

and Qureshi, 2014).

8
 Soil fertility refers to the soil's ability to support plant development and maximize crop

yield. Organic and inorganic fertilizers for the soil can help with this (International Atomic Energy

Agency, 2022).

The husk, known as a hull, is burned and combined with other media to create a medium

for growing plants (Eco City Hydroponics, 2010). RHA can be an alternative for Peat, the most

common constituent of growing medium.

A by-product of the rice industry, rice hulls are a natural growing medium comparable to

peat moss and coco coir. Rice hulls are lightweight, good for a year before they break down, and

good for improving drainage and aeration. Selecting the right growing medium for a garden will

help it thrive by delivering the proper moisture, air, and nutrients to every plant (Coir, 2020).

According to Bill Hageman (2022), Rice hulls are an environmentally friendly soil

amendment for improving drainage, water retention, and aeration. Unlike perlite and other rock

products, it does not necessitate mining, nor does it necessitate land disturbance to produce, unlike

peat moss.

Rice hulls are a popular gardening substrate because they absorb liquid and provide an

environmentally friendly drainage solution. They are among the most sustainable soil supplements

for greenhouse growers because they aid in drainage, water retention, and aeration (Granite Seed

Company, 2022).

When carbonized, rice husk has a high drainage capacity, is easy to handle, is light in

weight, has a slightly alkaline pH, is flocculated, and is pathogen and worm free. It has appropriate

K and Ca, two necessary macronutrients for plant development. Since it allows penetration and air

9
exchange at the root base, carbonized rice husk can be utilized as a component in substrates (Salé

et al., 2021).

Chemical Components of Rice Husk Ash (RHA)

Rice husk waste is cellulose, lignin, and hemicellulose-rich fibrous material. It produces a

large amount of ash and silica (87-97%) and contains 1% nitrogen and 2% potassium. Potassium

in ash husk helps to strengthen the plant, manage the respiratory system, support enzyme work

transpiration, and maintain osmotic potential (Perdanatika et al., 2018).

According to Yin et al. (2022), RHA is high in chemical components such as K, P, Ca,

Magnesium (Mg), and Silicon (Si), as well as being moderately alkaline and having significant

neutralizing power, making it an effective fertilizer. RHA's application as a growth medium has

gotten significantly less attention than its role as a soil amendment. RHA is a viable substitute for

peat in growing media because of its chemical and physical properties, comparable to those of

biochar, which is regarded as a promising peat alternative.

Rice husk ash (RHA), a rice industry waste product, is high in silica. Rice husk ash, mostly

silica, is produced when the rice husk is burned (Bakar et al., 2016).

Among all plant residues, RHA possesses the largest concentration of silica (Siddique,

2008; Xu, Lo, & Memon, 2012; Yalçin & Sevinç, 2001). Therefore, it can be used as a fertilizer

to produce healthy plants because it can provide many benefits, although silica is unnecessary for

plant growth and development.

10
Silica in Rice Husk Ash (RHA)

According to numerous studies, Rice husk consists mainly of silica, which has many

applications. Silica is extremely beneficial to plants, in addition to its many industrial applications.

Several researchers have reported on the benefits of silica in rice husks, resulting in healthy plant

growth. The negative effect of silica in rice husks on rice taste was examined by Sekifuji and

Tateda (2017). However, no such effect was found when silica was utilized as a fertilizer. This

was done to confirm that rice husk silica has no negative effects on plants, promoting silica

applications, including rice husk silica recycling. Rice husks might also be seen as a resource rather

than a waste, contributing to the promotion of a greener society in rice-producing countries.

Increased food production is required, and so is the use of less suitable soils, such as those

with excessive salinity, low nutrient availability, inadequate water holding capacity, and slightly

polluted locations. Plants are affected by poor soil quality, resulting in lower food output. In order

to improve this situation, the use of silicon (Si) has received much attention in recent years because

Si makes plants more resistant to salt, reduces the uptake of some dangerous elements, and boosts

the biomass of food crops (Greger et al., 2018).

According to Hepperly (2015), the beneficial role of rice husk ash is due to silica and the

dominant divalent cations in the ash. When ash is added to manure or compost, it increases the

manure's stability and, as a result, the soil's stability when manure is applied to the soil.

Rice husk ash can be used as a substitute for inorganic fertilizers or, combined with them,

as an acidic soil amendment, as a carrier for biofertilizers, and so on (Gonçalves & Bergmann,

2007).

11
 In theory, the threshold dose is determined by RHA's impact on soil properties. It can raise

pH and nutrient availability and impact hydro-physical properties (Silva et al., 2008; Pinto et al.,

2009; Sandrini, 2010).

Rice straw and husks have increased crop yields by lowering soil bulk density, elevating

pH, providing organic carbon, increasing accessible nutrients, and eliminating heavy metals from

the system (Williams et al., 1972).

Rice Husk Ash as a Substrate Component

In general, potting soils should contain an organic substance such as peat moss, pulverized

bark, compacted sawdust, compacted leaf mold, or any other organic matter allowed to degrade.

This should make up 30 to 90% of the overall weight of the mixture. A material that manages

moisture, promotes aeration and prevents compaction should also be used. In the past, other

materials such as vermiculite and perlite were employed to achieve this. Perlite and vermiculite

can both be replaced with husk ash. According to a study conducted by Durham (1989), Rice husk

ash must be present in sufficient quantities to achieve better growth characteristics and properties

of soils. Compaction avoidance, drainage channels or porosity, aeration pockets, acidic imbalance

correction, and trace elements required for plant growth are all properties that many potting soils

lack. A beneficial outcome is obtained when rice husk ash in an essentially amorphous condition

with a porous skeletal structure is mixed with soil in an amount effective to provide a growing

media that avoids compaction, provides drainage channels, and aera-tion pockets, and corrects

acidity imbalances. As a result, rice husk ash might be an excellent peat substitute. Furthermore,

disposing of rice hulls has been an ongoing concern for the rice industry. The rice industry burns

some rice hulls and disposes of the ash at a high cost.

12
Conceptual Framework

Figure 1.0 Conceptual Framework of the Study

Figure 1.0 shows the relationship of the variables. The independent variable is the Rice

husk ash (RHA) in this study. As an independent variable, it can be manipulated or changed

according to different proportions to bring about a possible effect on the dependent variables

showing the effects on Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) growth. In this study, the dependent variables are

plant height, stem length, area of leaves, and the number of leaves due to the interaction between

the independent and the dependent variables indicated above. The extraneous variables in this

study are the type of water used and the weather, which are the variables that we are not including

but might affect the dependent variable somehow.

Research Hypothesis

We hypothesized that different percentages of the RHA as a substrate component might

impact lettuce plant growth.

13
Definition of Terms and Variables

Growing Medium - is a material in which plants grow their roots, either at ground level or

inside a container. It controls plant watering, aeration, and nutrient intake. It is specifically

designed to promote plant growth and can take the form of a solid or liquid. Growing media

is also known as culture medium, substrate, or grow media.

Growth - increases in cell size and number during an organism's life history. It is the

continuous growth of an organism's size over time. It can also be defined as one of the

characteristics of a living thing.

Rice husk ash (RHA) - is a readily available and renewable agricultural by-product of rice

milling in rice-producing countries. It is commonly referred to as an agricultural by-product

of burning husk at temperatures below 800 °C.

Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) - is an aster-family annual leaf vegetable (Asteraceae). The

majority of lettuce varieties are consumed fresh and are frequently served as green salads.

It is a good source of vitamins K and A, though the nutritional quality varies by variety.

Soil - is the loose surface material that covers most of the land. It is made up of both

inorganic and organic particles. Soil provides structural support to agricultural plants and

a source of water and nutrients.

Chicken Manure - is chicken feces used as an organic fertilizer, particularly for nitrogen-

deficient soil. It contains the highest nitrogen, phosphate, and potassium levels of any

animal manure.

14
 Chapter 3
METHODOLOGY

Research Design

The researchers used the Experimental design. This study will have variables being

measured, such as the plant's height, the length of the stem, the area of leaves, and the number of

leaves. This study also establishes a cause and effect, the Rice husk ash, as the cause and its effect

on the growth of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa). A completely randomized design was utilized with five

Rice husk ash treatments, rates at (0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80%), six replications, and a total of

25 experimental units (a potted plant).

The Instrument

The researchers used observation forms as an instrument for collecting research data.

Data Collection Procedure

The researchers prepared a letter of request to the Administrators of Pilar College of

Zamboanga City, Inc. to conduct the study at Pilar College of Zamboanga City, Inc. The

researchers asked permission to construct the lettuces’ mini greenhouse and gather data every

Monday and Friday for two weeks.

After being given permission, the researchers constructed the mini greenhouse and planted

the lettuce seedlings observed for two weeks. Then, the researchers collected the data through

observation and documentation twice a week for two weeks.

15
Plan for Data Analysis

For the researchers to obtain the objectives of this study, they must determine the effect of

RHA application as a growing medium on lettuce growth and conclude which RHA treatments

produce the best results for lettuce growth. Therefore, the researchers will first make sure that the

lettuce plants are placed in a warm place. Second, treatments should be watered twice a week.

Third, they will maintain the plants, observing and measuring their height (cm), stem length (cm),

area of leaves (cm), and the number of leaves every week, ensuring excellent and concise results.

Lastly, when it is time to gather the result after two weeks, the researchers will determine the

significant difference among the treatments through average. They will measure the average height

of the plant, the stem length, the area of the leaves, and the number of leaves on every treatment

to determine which of the treatments produce the best growth of lettuce plants.

16
 Chapter 4

PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA

This chapter presents the data gathered by the researchers regarding the effects of RHA

application on the Growth of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa). After two weeks of data gathering, we

discovered that the height of lettuce, the stem length, the area, and the number of lettuce leaves in

each treatment differed. The researchers determined the significant difference among the

treatments through average. The following are the data and results obtained to answer the research

questions.

Statement of the Problem No. 1:

Which among the RHA treatments produces the best results on the growth of Lettuce:

a.) Control Treatment: 90% soil + 10% chicken manure + 0% RHA

b.) First Treatment: 70% soil + 10% chicken manure + 20% RHA

c.) Second Treatment: 50% soil + 10% chicken manure + 40% RHA

d.) Third Treatment: 30% soil + 10% chicken manure + 60% RHA

e.) Fourth Treatment: 10% soil + 10% chicken manure + 80% RHA

17
 Figure 1.1. Control Treatment Results

The bar graph above shows the results of the Control treatment. The Control treatment

consists of 90% soil, 10% chicken manure, and 0% RHA. Figure 1.1. shows that It has an average

of 5.20 cm for the plant height, 2.90 cm for the stem length, 1.55 cm for the leaves area, and 4.15

for the number of leaves.

18
 Figure 1.2. First Treatment Results

The bar graph above shows the results of the First treatment. The First treatment consists

of 70% soil, 10% chicken manure, and 20% RHA. Figure 1.2. shows that the average plant height

of the First treatment is 6.49 cm, the average stem length is 3.54 cm, the average area of leaves is

1.80 cm, and the average number of leaves is 4.90. Based on the previous graph, the average results

of all the variables in the First treatment are higher than the Control treatment.

19
 Figure 1.3. Second Treatment Results

The bar graph above shows the results of the Second treatment. The Second treatment

consists of 50% soil, 10% chicken manure, and 40% RHA. It has an average of 5.34 cm for the

plant height, 3.11 cm for the stem length, 1.51 cm for the leaves area, and 4.50 for the number of

leaves. The Second treatment surpasses the Control group regarding plant height, stem length, and

the number of leaves, except for the leaves area. However, the outcome of the Second treatment

is not as great as the First treatment because the First treatment's results show that it exceeds both

the Control and Second treatments in terms of all variables.

20
 Figure 1.4. Third Treatment Results

The bar graph above shows the results of the Third treatment. The Third treatment consists

of 30% soil, 10% chicken manure, and 60% RHA. It has an average of 5.70 cm for the plant height,

3.10 cm for the stem length, 1.54 cm for the leaves area, and 4.43 for the number of leaves. The

results of the Third treatment in terms of the area of leaves are lower than the Control treatment.

Overall, this graph shows that the Third treatment gives better results than the Control and Second

treatment, but not as best as the First treatment in terms of all variables.

21
 Figure 1.5. Fourth Treatment Results

The bar graph above shows the results of the Fourth treatment. The Fourth treatment

consists of 10% soil, 10% chicken manure, and 80% RHA. It has an average of 5.25 cm for the

plant height, 3.35 cm for the stem length, 1.46 cm for the leaves area, and 4.28 for the number of

leaves. The results of the Fourth treatment in terms of the area of leaves are lower than all of the

other treatments, but it has a higher average than the Control treatment in plant height, stem length,

and the number of leaves. In terms of the stem length, it surpasses the Control, Second, and Third

treatments except for the First treatment. However, it had a lower average than the First, Second,

and Third treatments in terms of plant height, area of the leaves, and the number of leaves.

22
Summary of Findings

Based on the data, the control treatment has an average mean of 5.20 cm for the plant

height, 2.90 cm for the stem length, 1.55 cm for the leaves area, and 4.15 for the number of leaves.

The First treatment has an average mean of 6.49 cm, the average stem length is 3.54 cm, the

average area of leaves is 1.80 cm, and the average number of leaves is 4.90. The Second treatment

has an average mean of 5.34 cm for the plant height, 3.11 cm for the stem length, 1.51 cm for the

leaves area, and 4.50 for the number of leaves. The Third treatment has an average of 5.70 cm for

the plant height, 3.10 cm for the stem length, 1.54 cm for the leaves area, and 4.43 for the number

of leaves. The Fourth treatment has an average of 5.25 cm for the plant height, 3.35 cm for the

stem length, 1.46 cm for the leaves area, and 4.28 for the number of leaves.

a.) The Control treatment with 0% RHA produces better results than the Second, Third, and

Fourth treatments in the leaf's area, but it remains the lowest in terms of the plant height, the stem

length, and leaf number.

b.) The First treatment with 20% RHA surpasses all treatments, producing the best results in

terms of plant height, stem length, leaf area, and leaf number.

c.) The Second treatment with 40% RHA produces better results than the Fourth and Control

treatments regarding the plant height. In terms of stem length, it surpasses the Third and Control

treatments. It also surpasses the fourth treatment regarding the leaf's area and the Third, Fourth,

and Control treatments regarding the number of leaves.

23
d.) The Third treatment with 60% RHA produces better results than the Second, Fourth, and

Control treatments regarding plant height. It only surpasses the Control treatment in terms of stem

length. However, it surpasses the Second and Fourth treatments regarding the leaf's area. In terms

of the number of leaves, it surpasses the Fourth and Control treatments.

e.) Only in terms of plant height and the number of leaves does the Fourth treatment with 80%

RHA produce better results than the Control treatment. It surpasses the Second, Third, and Control

treatments in stem length. However, it was the lowest in the area of leaves.

Statement of the Problem No. 2:

Is there a significant difference in lettuce growth between RHA treatments in terms of the

following parameters:

a.) Plant height

b.) Stem length

c.) Area of the leaves

d.) Number of leaves

24
 Figure 1.6. Average Plant Height

The bar graph above shows the significant difference in lettuce growth between RHA

treatments in terms of the plant height. The First treatment has the highest average of 6.49 cm. The

Third treatment with an average of 5.70 cm is the second-highest, followed by the Second

treatment with an average of 5.34 cm and the Fourth treatment with an average of 5.25 cm. The

Control treatment with an average of 5.20 cm has the lowest average for the plant height.

25
 Figure 1.7. Average Stem Length

The bar graph above shows the significant difference in lettuce growth between RHA

treatments in terms of the stem length. The First treatment has the highest average of 3.54 cm. The

Fourth treatment with an average of 3.35 cm is the second-highest, followed by the Second

treatment with an average of 3.11 cm and the Third treatment with an average of 3.10 cm. The

Control treatment with an average of 2.90 cm has the lowest average for the stem length.

26
 Figure 1.8. Average Area of the Leaves

The bar graph above shows the significant difference in lettuce growth between RHA

treatments in terms of the area of the leaves. The average area of the leaves in the Control group

is 1.55 cm, the First treatment has 1.80 cm, the Second treatment has 1.51 cm, the Third treatment

has 1.54 cm, and the Fourth treatment has 1.46 cm. As we can see, the First treatment has the

highest average in the area of the leaves, followed by the Control treatment, Third Treatment, and

Second treatment. The Fourth treatment has the lowest area of the leaves.

27
 Figure 1.9. Average Number of Leaves

The bar graph above shows the significant difference in lettuce growth between RHA

treatments regarding the number of leaves. The First treatment has the highest average, which is

4.90. The second highest is the Second treatment with an average of 4.50, followed by the Third

treatment with 4.43, and the Fourth treatment with 4.28. The Control treatment has a considerably

lower average of 4.15.

28
Summary of Findings

Based on the data, in terms of the plant height, the Control treatment had an average of

5.20 cm, the First treatment had 6.49 cm, the Second treatment had 5.34 cm, the Third treatment

had 5.70 cm, and the Fourth Treatment had 5.25 cm. In terms of the Stem length, the Control

treatment has an average of 2.90 cm, the First treatment has 3.54 cm, the Second treatment has

3.11 cm, the Third treatment has 3.10 cm, and the Fourth treatment has 3.35 cm. In terms of the

leaves area, the Control treatment has an average of 1.55cm, the First treatment has 1.80 cm, the

Second treatment has 1.51 cm, the Third treatment has 1.54 cm, and the Fourth treatment has 1.46

cm. In terms of the number of leaves, the Control treatment has an average of 4.15, the First

treatment has 4.90, the Second treatment has 4.50, the Third treatment has 4.43, and the Fourth

treatment has 4.28.

a.) In terms of the Plant height, the First treatment has the highest average mean, followed by

the Third treatment, the Second Treatment, and the Fourth treatment. The First, Second, Third,

and Fourth treatments have a considerable difference in the average mean. The Control treatment

has the lowest average mean, but the Fourth and Control treatments showed minor differences.

b.) In terms of the Stem length, the First treatment achieved significant results, followed by

the Fourth Treatment. The Second and Third treatments showed minimal differences in the average

mean. On the other hand, the Control treatment had the lowest average mean in stem length.

c.) In terms of the area of the leaves, the First Treatment has the highest average mean,

followed by the Control, Second, and Third treatments, which showed minor differences in the

average mean. On the other hand, the Fourth treatment has the lowest average mean in the leaves

area.

29
d.) In terms of the number of leaves, the First treatment has the highest average mean, followed

by the Second, Third, and Fourth treatments. The Control treatment has the lowest average mean

in the number of leaves.

DISCUSSION

The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of rice husk ash as a growing medium

for Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) in terms of the plant height, the stem length, the area of the leaves,

and the number of leaves. The study was conducted at Pilar College of Zamboanga City, Inc. Its

primary purpose is to evaluate the growth of lettuce plants in response to the application of

different percentages of rice husk ash (RHA) in pots. The growth of Lettuce was monitored and

documented for two weeks. After the data gathered were analyzed, the researchers found out that

the First treatment produces the best results on the growth of Lettuce and that there is a significant

difference in lettuce growth in terms of plant height, stem length, area of the leaves, and the number

of leaves based on the average mean of RHA treatments. The First treatment has 20% RHA, the

Second treatment has 40% RHA, the Third treatment has 60% RHA, the Fourth treatment has 80%

RHA, and the Control treatment has 0% RHA. In accordance with the Statistics, the First treatment

has the highest average mean in terms of plant height, stem length, area of the leaves, and the

number of leaves, which means that the First treatment with 20% RHA is the most effective on the

growth of Lettuce, while the Control treatment with 0% RHA, has the lowest. The Second, Third,

and Fourth treatments' results also surpass the Control treatment results, which means that all

treatments containing Rice husk ash (RHA) are effective in the growth of Lettuce but can be more

effective and improves the growth of lettuce plants with the right amount of RHA. The study

revealed that the application of Rice husk ash (RHA) as a growing medium for Lettuce increases

30
the Lettuce's height, stem length, area of the leaves, and the number of leaves compared to without

RHA.

Re-Conceptualized Framework

Figure 2.0 Re-Conceptualized Framework

Figure 2.0 shows the relationship of the variables. The independent variable is the Rice

husk ash (RHA) in this study. This study focuses on the growth of lettuce plants using RHA as a

growing medium to see which of the different percentages of RHA gives the best results on the

plant's growth. There are five treatments with different percentages of RHA. The different

percentages of RHA are 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80%. In this study, the dependent variables are

plant height, stem length, area of the leaves, and the number of leaves, and the extraneous variable

is the weather. After the data gathered were analyzed, the researchers found out that the findings

of the study did not differ from the expected outcome. The RHA affected the growth of lettuce in

terms of all variables indicated above. Out of all the treatments that have been done, tested, and

31
observed, the First treatment with 20% RHA holds the best results on the growth of lettuce. The

Control treatment without RHA gave the least favorable outcomes. In addition, the extraneous

variable in this study, a variable that we are not including but might affect the dependent variable

somehow, which is the weather, affected the growth of lettuce during the experimentation.

32
 Chapter 5
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Conclusions
Lettuce is a popular salad crop with the largest production area globally, but lettuce

production may be limited due to a lack of new manufacturing techniques. To produce high-quality

crops and maintain a healthy lettuce plant, lettuce requires suitable soil. With this, making the best

growing medium can improve the growth of the lettuce. Peat has been the most common

constituent of growing medium, however, Peat as a growing medium has caused increased

environmental and ecological concerns in recent years. Growing demand for peat as a growing

medium in horticulture has prompted a search for high-quality, low-cost substrates as an

alternative. Rice husk ash (RHA) is the outer part of the rice grain that is a by-product of the

milling process. Roughly 150 million tons of rice hulls are generated as an unavoidable agricultural

waste item worldwide when rice is separated from paddy. It can pollute the environment if not

adequately utilized. That is why the Grade 12 Researchers of Pilar College of Zamboanga City,

Inc. have conducted a study to evaluate the growth of lettuce in terms of the plant height, stem

length, area of the leaves, and the number of leaves in response to the application of RHA as a

growing medium. We hypothesized that different percentages of the RHA as a substrate

component might impact lettuce plant growth.

Consequently, the data and results imply that the Rice husk ash (RHA) effectively

improves plant growth, specifically the lettuce plant. Based on the data analysis, the RHA

treatments have a significant difference in terms of the plant height, stem length, area of the leaves,

and the number of leaves. Overall, the First treatment with 20% RHA produces the best results.

The Second treatment with 40% RHA, Third treatment with 60% RHA, and Fourth treatment with

80% RHA gave better results than the Control treatment with 0% RHA. Therefore, incorporating

33
the right amount of rice husk ash into the soil will provide a growing medium that can create

healthier soil, improving its height, stem length, area of the leaves, and the number of leaves. The

study concluded that all treatments containing different percentages of RHA rates at (20%, 40%,

60%, and 80%) have the potential to improve lettuce plant growth due to its silica contents,

resulting in healthy plant growth. In addition, when RHA is added to manure or compost, it

increases the manure's stability and, as a result, the soil's stability when manure is applied to the

soil. Therefore, Rice husk ash (RHA) as a growing medium can solve agricultural waste and create

sustainable agriculture since the common substrates are costly and said to be dangerous to the

environment. In addition, it can help the horticulture industry make the soil healthier and make

high-quality crops.

Recommendations

After thoroughly collecting the necessary data, the researchers humbly recommend the

following:

1. The researchers recommend Rice husk ash (RHA) as a growing medium for the community

to have a better way of raising lettuce in their own homes. It will help them utilize

affordable ways to grow lettuce and earn a living from it.

2. For the farmers, RHA is a less expensive medium for planting lettuce, earning more

income, and utilizing our natural resources. RHA is beneficial and can considerably assist

farmers in improving lettuce plant growth. The researchers recommend applying RHA as

a growing medium to grow plants to help them grow healthy crops. This can benefit both

the environment and the farmers themselves.

34
3. The researchers recommend the first treatment for the horticulture industry, consisting of

20% RHA, 10% chicken manure, and 70% soil as a growing medium for sowing nutritious

plants. It can benefit the horticulture sector because it gives the best outcomes among all

the treatments done so far. In addition, it will help them utilize a low-cost, readily available

substrate for replacing peat moss.

4. The researchers recommend experimenting using a different growing medium to test the

plant's growth for future researchers. Although RHA is said to be effective in the growth

of lettuce plants, other growing mediums can aid and promote plant growth, which can be

beneficial. We also recommend experimenting with RHA as a growing medium for other

plants.

5. The researchers recommend that Rice husk ash (RHA) be appropriately utilized as a

growing medium to avoid environmental damage and develop sustainable agriculture.

Since it produces outstanding results as a growing medium for lettuce, it can help reduce

environmental waste, causing damage to the land and the surrounding area in which it is

dumped.

35
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40
 APPENDICES

A. Budget

Materials Cost (PHP)

Rice Husks PHP 250.00

Tire Wire PHP 25.00

G.I. Screen PHP 355.00

Gas PHP 300.00

Plastic Pots PHP 390.00

Garden Soil PHP 200.00

Lettuce Seeds PHP 80.00

Coco Lumber PHP 368.00

Plastic Cover PHP 150.00

Net Green PHP 259.00

Nails PHP 100.00

Chicken Manure PHP 0.00

TOTAL PHP 2,477.00

41
B. Timeframe

42
C. Documentations

FOURTH WEEK OF FEBRUARY

Buying of Rice husks

Drying of Rice husks

Burning of Rice husks

43
Mixing of Soil, Chicken Manure, and Rice husk ash (RHA)

FIRST WEEK OF MARCH

Construction of the Mini Greenhouse

44
SECOND WEEK OF MARCH

Seed Germination

Labeling of Pots

45
 THIRD WEEK OF MARCH

Transferring of Lettuce seeds to Pots

Watering of Lettuce Plants

46
 MARCH 18, 2022

Watering and Measuring of Lettuce Plants

MARCH 21, 2022

Watering and Measuring of Lettuce Plants

47
 MARCH 25, 2022

Watering and Measuring of Lettuce Plants

MARCH 28, 2022

Watering and Measuring of Lettuce Plants

48
 APRIL 1, 2022

Watering and Measuring of Lettuce Plants

APRIL 5, 2022

Watering and Measuring of Lettuce Plants

49
FINAL PRODUCT

50
 D. Curriculum Vitae

AUBREY JOANNE D. CAMPOS

Paco Perez Drive Zone 1, Cullianan,

Zamboanga City,

Philippines, 7000

Mobile # +639661757463

aubreycampos25@gmail.com

MOTTO:

Education is our passport for our future, for tomorrow belongs to the people who prepare for it

today. We should open ourselves to the impossible and embrace a psychology of possibility.

PERSONAL DATA EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Date of Birth: February 22, 2004 2009 - 2010: Sta. Catalina School

Place of Birth: Zamboanga City Medical 2010 - 2016: Zamboanga East Central

Center School

Age: 18 years old 2016 - 2022: Pilar College of Zamboanga

Sex: Female City, Inc.

Citizenship: Filipino

Civil Status: Single

Religion: Roman Catholic

51
JESSA ROSELLE D. CHAN

Culianan, Zamboanga City,

Philippines, 7000

Mobile # +639261016021

roselle.chan22@gmail.com

MOTTO:

The world is not in your maps and books. It's out there.

PERSONAL DATA EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Date of Birth: August 22, 2003 2008 - 2016: Mercedes Central School

Place of Birth: Zamboanga City 2016 - 2020: Creche Integrated Studies

Age: 18 years old Centre

Sex: Female 2020 - 2022: Pilar College of Zamboanga

Citizenship: Filipino City, Inc.

Civil Status: Single

Religion: Roman Catholic

52
NURILYN A. DAMIH

Baliwasan Chico, Nangka Drive,

Zamboanga City,

Philippines, 7000

Mobile # +639976974780

nurilyndamih6@gmail.com

MOTTO:

Don’t be afraid to fail. Be afraid not to try.

PERSONAL DATA EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Date of Birth: October 06, 2003 2008 - 2009: Mampang

Place of Birth: Tagum, Davao City 2009 - 2012: Baliwasan Central School

Age: 18 years old 2012 - 2016: Jose P. Rizal Elementary

Sex: Female School

Citizenship: Filipino 2016 – 2020: Zamboanga National High

Civil Status: Single School - West

Religion: Islam 2020 - 2022: Pilar College of Zamboanga

City, Inc.

53
REISHA KATE B. DESTACAMENTO

Canelar Triplet, Corporation Drive,

Zamboanga City,

Philippines, 7000

Mobile: 09668152141

Katedestacamento26@gmail.com

MOTTO:

THINKLESS. LIVE MORE

PERSONAL DATA EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Date of Birth: March 12, 2004 2009 - 2016: Canelar Elementary School

Place of Birth: Zamboanga City Medical 2016 - 2022: Pilar College of Zamboanga

Center City, Inc.

Age: 18 years old

Sex: Female

Citizenship: Filipino

Civil Status: Single

Religion: Roman Catholic

54
ADREANNA JADE A. ESTEBAN

Armor Village, San Jose Gusu,

Zamboanga City,

Philippines, 7000

Mobile# +639754025210

adreannaesteban@gmail.com

MOTTO:

All progress takes place outside the comfort zone.

PERSONAL DATA EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Date of Birth: November 01, 2003 2008 - 2009: Lunzuran Resettlement Day

Place of Birth: Zamboanga Puericulture Care Center

Hospital 2009 - 2016: San Jose Gusu Elementary

Age: 18 years old School

Sex: Female 2016 - 2020: Immaculate Conception

Citizenship: Filipino Archdiocesan School de Calarian

Civil Status: Single 2020 - 2022: Pilar College of Zamboanga

Religion: Islam City, Inc.

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NHOURCZA S. JALALUN

Cadena De Amor, Guiwan,

Zamboanga City,

Philippines, 7000

Mobile # +639173930705

nhourczajalalun02@gmail.com

MOTTO:

Life is short so live your life to the fullest. Don’t waste your time on people who are toxic and

irrelevant. You are the main character of your life, you control and you decide on your own so

don’t let toxicity ruin that for you.

PERSONAL DATA EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Date of Birth: October 04, 2003 2008 - 2012: Sunnyvale Learning Center

Place of Birth: Zamboanga City Doctors 2012 - 2016: Sta. Barbara Central School

Hospital 2016 - 2020: Zamboanga City High School

Age: 18 years old (MAIN)

Sex: Female 2020 - 2022: Pilar College of Zamboanga

Citizenship: Filipino City, Inc.

Civil Status: Single

Religion: Islam

56
JOHN EMMAN L. JUAQUERA

Baliwasan Cliffer Height,

Zamboanga City,

Philippines, 7000

Mobile# +639158500364

jjohnemman@gmail.com

MOTTO:

You don’t get what you wish for. You get what you work for.

PERSONAL DATA EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Date of Birth: January 03, 2004 2009 - 2010: CLDC Learning School

Place of Birth: Bongao Tawi-Tawi 2010 - 2016: Tumaga Elementary School

Age: 18 years old 2016 - 2019: HMIJ

Sex: Male 2019 - 2020: Immaculate Conception

Citizenship: Filipino Archdiocesan School de Calarian

Civil Status: Single 2020 - 2022: Pilar College of Zamboanga

Religion: Islam City, Inc.

57
SHAIRA D. KADIL

Sto.niño Kaputatan, Putik,

Zamboanga City,

Philippines, 7000

Mobile # +63678104994

shaikadil2503@gmail.com

MOTTO:

Fall seven times, stand up eight.

PERSONAL DATA EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Date of Birth: January 25, 2003 2009 - 2016: Baliwasan Central School

Place of Birth: Zamboanga City Medical 2016 - 2020: Zamboanga National High

Center School West

Age: 19 years old 2020 - 2022: Pilar College of Zamboanga

Sex: Female City, Inc.

Citizenship: Filipino

Civil Status: Single

Religion: Islam

58
EMALYN B. MAGALLON

Riverville Drive, Tetuan Ext.,

Zamboanga City,

Philippine, 7000

Mobile number# +639559480807

Ememmagallon06@email.com

MOTTO:

Turn your fear into excitement. Your anxieties into enthusiasm. Your passion into energy.

PERSONAL DATA EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Date of Birth: October 04, 2003 2009 - 2016: Sta. Maria Central School

Place of Birth: Zamboanga City Sped Center

Age: 18 years old 2016 - 2020: Don Pablo Lorenzo Memorial

Citizenship: Filipino High School

Civil Status: Single 2020 - 2022: Pilar College of Zamboanga

Religion: Roman Catholic City, Inc.

59
AHMEED B. MOHAMMAD

#6 Pagkasilasa Drive, Talon-Talon,

Zamboanga City,

Philippines, 7000

Mobile# +639958726550

mohammadahmeed69@gmail.com

MOTTO:

The possibilities are always greater than you expect.

PERSONAL DATA EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Date of Birth: November 15, 2003 2008 - 2010: Zamboanga Puericulture

Place of Birth: Zamboanga Puericulture Center Kindergarten School

Hospital 2010 - 2016: Zamboanga Puericulture

Age: 18 years old Center

Sex: Male 2016 - 2022: Pilar College of Zamboanga

Citizenship: Filipino City, Inc.

Civil Status: Single

Religion: Islam

60
AHMAD FAIZAM S. SANGKULA

Suterville, Azucena St., San Jose Gusu,

Zamboanga City,

Philippines, 7000

Mobile# +639266303500

sangkulaahmadfaizam@gmail.com

MOTTO:

Life is like riding a bicycle. To keep your balance, you must keep moving.

PERSONAL DATA EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Date of Birth: January 24, 2003 2009 - 2020: Immaculate Conception

Place of Birth: West Metro Medical Center, Archdiocesan School de Calarian

Zamboanga City 2020 - 2022: Pilar College of Zamboanga

Age: 19 years old City, Inc.

Sex: Male

Citizenship: Filipino

Civil Status: Single

Religion: Islam

61