MATHS BY RUPESH K JHA...

GS ROAD CHRISTIAN BASTI GUWAHATI 1

-------------------------ASKING DOUBTS ARE YOUR FUNDAMENTAL RIGHT----------------------------

Path To Boards-17
Strengthening your concept Question Bank: Vectors
maths by rupesh k jha...9864030380
www.infinity4maths.com...........7086055586

ASKING DOUBTS ARE YOUR FUNDAMENTAL RIGHT,

NOTE: If required vector is perpendicular to two given vectors , its concept of cross product
If required vector is parallel to given vector , cross product is zero
Area of parallelogram has tow formulars one if sides are given and other if diagonals are given
Diagonal of Parallelogram is the resultant of vectors

2023 CBSE QUESTIONS

Q1. (i)Find all the vectors of magnitude 3 3 which are collinear to vector i + j + k.
(ii) Position vectors of the points A, B and C as shown in the figure below are a, b and c respectively.

5
If AC = AB, express c in terms of a and b.
4

i + j+ k i + j+ k
Sol.(i) Unit vectors in the direction of i + j + k =  =
1+1+1 3
 i + j+ k 
Required vectors of magnitude 3 3 will be 3 3    = (3i + 3j + 3k) .

 3 

5 5
(ii) Since AC =
AB so, AC = AB i.e., 4AC = 5AB
4 4
 4(AB + BC) = 5AB
AB
 4BC = AB i.e., 4 =
BC
Therefore, B divides AC in 4:1.
4OC + 1OA 4 c + a
Now OB = =
4 +1 5
 5b = 4 c + a
5b − a
c = .
4
_------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Q2. If the vector i − b j + k is equally inclined to the coordinate axes, then the value of b is
1
(a) − 1 (b) 1 (c) − 3 (d) −
3
i − bj+ k
Sol. (a) Unit vector in the direction of i − b j + k =
b2 + 2

DISTRACTIONS MAKE LEARNING HARDER

 MATHS BY RUPESH K JHA... GS ROAD CHRISTIAN BASTI GUWAHATI 2

1 b 1
The direction cosines of i − b j + k are ,− ,
b2 + 2 b2 + 2 b2 + 2
i − b j + k is equally inclined to the coordinate axes so,  =  =  i.e., cos  = cos  = cos  .
1 b
Therefore, =−  b = −1 .
b +2
2
b +2
2

_------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Q3. For two non-zero vectors a and b, if a − b = a + b , then find the angle between a and b.

Sol. a−b = a+b

2 2
 a−b = a+b
 (a − b)  (a − b) = (a + b)  (a + b)
2 2
 a − 2a  b + b = a + 2a  b + b
2 2

 4a  b = 0
 ab = 0
Since a and b are non-zero vectors so, a ⊥ b .
Hence, the angle between a and b is 90o .
_------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Q4. The position vectors of three consecutive vertices of a parallelogram ABCD are A(4i + 2 j − 6k),
B(5i − 3j + k) and C(12i + 4 j + 5k). The position vector of D is given by
(a) −3i − 5j − 10k (b) 21i + 3j (c) 11i + 9 j − 2k (d) −11i − 9 j + 2k
Sol. (c) AB = ˆi − 5jˆ + 7k,
ˆ BC = 7iˆ + 7jˆ + 4kˆ
 ˆi − 5jˆ + 7kˆ = OC − OD
 OD = (12i + 4 j + 5k) − (iˆ − 5jˆ + 7k)
ˆ
 OD = 11i + 9 j − 2k .
_------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Q5 If a, b, c are three non-zero unequal vectors such that a  b = a  c, then find the angle between a and
b−c.
Sol. Since a  b = a  c implies, a  b − a  c = 0
 a  (b − c) = 0
a  0, (b − c)  0 (given that a, b, c are three non-zero unequal vectors)
Therefore, a ⊥ (b − c) .
Hence, the required angle between a and b − c is 90o .
_------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Q6. If in ABC, BA = 2a and BC = 3b, then AC is

(a) 2a + 3b (b) 2a − 3b (c) 3b − 2a (d) −2a − 3b
Sol. (c) By using triangular law of vector addition
BA + AC = BC
 2a + AC = 3b
 AC = 3b − 2a .
DISTRACTIONS MAKE LEARNING HARDER
 MATHS BY RUPESH K JHA... GS ROAD CHRISTIAN BASTI GUWAHATI 3

_------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Q7. If a  b = 3 and a  b = −3 , then angle between a and b is

2   5
(a) (b) (c) (d)
3 6 3 6
ab 3
Sol. (d) Consider =
ab −3
a b sin  1
 =−
a b cos  3
1
 tan  = −
3
5
= .
6
_------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Q8. If  is the angle between two vectors a and b , then a  b  0 only when
 
(a) 0    (b) 0    (c) 0     (d) 0    
2 2

Sol. (b) Since a  b = a b cos   0 and 0  cos   1 when 0    .
2
_------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1
Q9. If the projection of the vector ˆi + ˆj + k on the vector piˆ + ˆj − 2k is , then find the value(s) of ‘p’.
3
(iˆ + ˆj + k).(piˆ + ˆj − 2k) 1
Sol. According to question, =
p + 1 + (−2)
2 2 2 3
p +1− 2 1 p −1 1
 =  =
p +5
2 3 p +5
2 3
p 2 − 2p + 1 1
On squaring both sides, we get =
p2 + 5 9
 9p 2 − 18p + 9 = p 2 + 5
 8p 2 − 18p + 4 = 0 i.e., 4p 2 − 9p + 2 = 0
 (4p −1)(p − 2) = 0
1
So, p = , 2 .
4
_------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2 2
Q10. (a) If a  b + a .b = 400 and b = 5, then find the value of a . [2022]
2 2
(a) As a  b + (a.b)2 = a b so, 400 = a  52
2 2
Sol.
400
 =a  a = 16
2 2

25
 a = 4.
_------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

DISTRACTIONS MAKE LEARNING HARDER

 MATHS BY RUPESH K JHA... GS ROAD CHRISTIAN BASTI GUWAHATI 4

Q10 Find all the possible vectors of magnitude 5 3 which are equally inclined to the coordinate axes.
Let the vector a makes equal angles ( =  = ) with the coordinate axes so,
cos 2  + cos 2  + cos 2  = 1  3cos2  = 1
1
 cos  =  .
3
Therefore, the required vector will be a = a aˆ
 1 ˆ 1 ˆ 1 ˆ
 a = 5 3 i j k  = 5(iˆ + ˆj + k)
ˆ .
 3 3 3 
_------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Q11 If a , b and c are mutually perpendicular vectors of equal magnitude, then prove that the vector
(2a + b + 2c) is equally inclined to both a and c . Also, find the angle between a and (2a + b + 2c) .
Sol. Given that a = b = c and, a ⊥ b, b ⊥ c and c ⊥ a
…(i)
That implies, a.b = 0, b.c = 0 and c.a = 0 .
Let r = (2a + b + 2c) .
2
Consider r = 2a + b + 2c = (2a + b + 2c).(2a + b + 2c)
2

2
 r = 4 a + 2a.b + 4a.c + 2b.a + b + 2b.c + 4c.a + 2c.b + 4 c
2 2 2

2
 r = 4 a +0+0+0+ b +0+0+0+4 c = 9 a
2 2 2 2
[By (i)

 r = 3 a …(ii)
Let angle between r and a be  ; angle between r and c be  .
r .a (2a + b + 2c).a 2a .a + b.a + 2c.a 2 a + 0 + 0 2
2

Now cos  = = = = = [By (i) & (ii)

r a r a r a 3a a 3
2
  = cos −1  
3
r .c (2a + b + 2c).c 2a .c + b.c + 2c.c 0 + 0 + 2 c
2
2
Also cos  = = = = = [By (i) & (ii)
r c r c r a 3a a 3
2
  = cos −1  
3
Clearly,  =  . That is, r = (2a + b + 2c) is equally inclined to both a and c .
2
Also, the angle between a and (2a + b + 2c) is  = cos −1   .
3
_------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Q12. If a and b are two vectors of equal magnitude and  is the angle between them, then prove that
a+b 
= cot   .
a−b 2
2
a+b (a + b).(a + b)
Sol. Consider =
(a − b).(a − b)
2
a−b

DISTRACTIONS MAKE LEARNING HARDER

 MATHS BY RUPESH K JHA... GS ROAD CHRISTIAN BASTI GUWAHATI 5

2 2
a+b a + 2a .b + b
2

 2
= 2
a−b a − 2a .b + b
2

2 2
a+b a + 2 a b cos  + b
2

 2
= 2
a −b a − 2 a b cos  + b
2

2
a+b a + 2 a a cos  + a
2 2

 =  a =b
2
a − 2 a a cos  + a
2 2 
a −b
2
a+b 2 + 2cos 
 =
a−b
2
2 − 2cos 

2 
a+b 2 cos 2
1 + cos  2
 = =
−  2 
2
a−b 1 cos 2sin
2
2
a+b 
 2
= cot 2
a−b 2

a+b 
 = cot   .
a−b 2
_------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Q13 If a = 2i − j + k , b = i + j − 2k and c = i + 3j − k and the projection of vector c +  b on vector a is 2 6

then find the value of  .
(c + b).a
Sol. As projection of vector c +  b on vector a = (c +  b).aˆ =
a
[(1 + )iˆ + (3 + )ˆj + (−1 − 2)k].(2i
ˆ ˆ − ˆj + k)
ˆ
2 6 =
4 +1+1
 2 6  6 = 2(1 + ) − (3 + ) + (−1 − 2)
 12 = 2 + 2 − 3 −  −1 − 2
 = −14 .
_------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Q14. If a = ˆi + ˆj + k,
ˆ a.b = 1 and a  b = ˆj − kˆ , then find b .

Here a = 1 + 1 + 1 = 3 and a  b = 02 + 12 + (−1) 2 = 2

2 2 2
Sol.
2 2 2
As a  b + (a.b)2 = a b so, ( 2)2 + (1)2 = ( 3)2 b
2

2
 2 + 1 = 3 b

 b =1  b  −1 .
_------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Q15 (a) If a and b are two vectors such that a + b = b , then prove that (a + 2b) is perpendicular to a .

DISTRACTIONS MAKE LEARNING HARDER

 MATHS BY RUPESH K JHA... GS ROAD CHRISTIAN BASTI GUWAHATI 6

2 2
Sol. (a) Consider a + b = b
2
 (a + b).(a + b) = b
2 2
 a + b + 2a.b = b
2

 a + 2a.b = 0
2

 a .a + 2a.b = 0
 a.(a + 2 b) = 0
 a ⊥ (a + 2b) = 0
Hence, (a + 2b) is perpendicular to
_------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Q16 If a = ˆi + 3jˆ − 6kˆ and b = 2iˆ − ˆj −kˆ , find the value of  and  so that a and b may be collinear.

_------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Q17. If a, b and c are three mutually perpendicular unit vectors, find the value of a + 2b + 3c .

_------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Q18. If the sides AB and BC of a parallelogram ABCD are represented as vectors AB = 2iˆ + 4jˆ − 5kˆ and
BC = ˆi + 2jˆ + 3kˆ , then find the unit vector along diagonal AC.

_------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Q19. If a  b = c  d and a  c = b  d , show that a − d is parallel to b − c , where a  d and b  c . [2016]

Sol. Given a  b = c  d and, a  c = b  d...(i)
Now (a − d)  (b − c) = (a  b) − (d  b) − (a  c) + (d  c) [By Distributive law
 = (a  b) + (b  d) − (a  c) − (c  d)
 = (c  d) + (b  d) − (b  d) − (c  d) = 0 [By using (i)
i.e., (a − d)  (b − c) = 0
 (a − d) (b − c) as a  d and, b  c .

DISTRACTIONS MAKE LEARNING HARDER

 MATHS BY RUPESH K JHA... GS ROAD CHRISTIAN BASTI GUWAHATI 7

_------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Q20 If a = 2iˆ − ˆj − 2kˆ and b = 7iˆ + 2jˆ − 3kˆ , then express b in the form of b = b1 + b 2 , where b1 is parallel to
a and b 2 is perpendicular to a . [2017]
Sol. Since b1 is parallel to a  b1 = a  b1 = 2ˆi − ˆj − 2kˆ .
So b2 = b − b1 = ( 7 − 2 ) ˆi + ( 2 +  ) ˆj + ( −3 + 2 ) kˆ .
Also b 2 is ⊥er to a

( )
 a.b2 = 0 i.e., 2iˆ − ˆj − 2kˆ . ( 7 − 2 ) ˆi + ( 2 +  ) ˆj + ( −3 + 2 ) kˆ  = 0  =2
 b1 = 4iˆ − 2ˆj − 4kˆ ; b 2 = 3iˆ + 4ˆj + kˆ . Hence b = (4iˆ − 2jˆ − 4k) ˆ + (3iˆ + 4jˆ + k)
ˆ .

_------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Q21. Let a = 4iˆ + 5jˆ − k,

ˆ b = ˆi − 4jˆ + 5kˆ and c = 3iˆ + ˆj − kˆ . Find a vector d which is perpendicular to both
c and b and d.a = 21 . [2020]
Sol. As d which is perpendicular to both c and b  d c  b i.e., d =  (c  b)
ˆi ˆj kˆ
 d =  3 1 −1 = (iˆ − 16ˆj − 13k)
ˆ .
1 −4 5
As d.a = 21 so, (iˆ − 16jˆ − 13k).(4i
ˆ ˆ + 5jˆ − k)
ˆ = 21
1
 (4 − 80 + 13) = 21   = −
3
ˆ ˆ ˆ
1 ˆ = 16 j + 13k − i .
Hence d = − (iˆ − 16ˆj − 13k)
3 3

Problems From Additional and SQP

_------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Q22

_------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Q23

DISTRACTIONS MAKE LEARNING HARDER

 MATHS BY RUPESH K JHA... GS ROAD CHRISTIAN BASTI GUWAHATI 8

_------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Q24

DISTRACTIONS MAKE LEARNING HARDER

MATHS BY RUPESH K JHA... GS ROAD CHRISTIAN BASTI GUWAHATI 9

DISTRACTIONS MAKE LEARNING HARDER

 MATHS BY RUPESH K JHA... GS ROAD CHRISTIAN BASTI GUWAHATI 10

Q25

Q26

DISTRACTIONS MAKE LEARNING HARDER

MATHS BY RUPESH K JHA... GS ROAD CHRISTIAN BASTI GUWAHATI 11

DISTRACTIONS MAKE LEARNING HARDER

 MATHS BY RUPESH K JHA... GS ROAD CHRISTIAN BASTI GUWAHATI 12

Q27

DISTRACTIONS MAKE LEARNING HARDER

 MATHS BY RUPESH K JHA... GS ROAD CHRISTIAN BASTI GUWAHATI 13

Q28

DISTRACTIONS MAKE LEARNING HARDER

 MATHS BY RUPESH K JHA... GS ROAD CHRISTIAN BASTI GUWAHATI 14

Q29

Q30

Q31

DISTRACTIONS MAKE LEARNING HARDER

 MATHS BY RUPESH K JHA... GS ROAD CHRISTIAN BASTI GUWAHATI 15

Exemplar
Q32 A vector r has magnitude 14 and direction ratios 2, 3, –6. Find the direction cosines and the components of
r , given that r makes an acute angle with x-axis.
Sol. Direction ration of r : 2,3, −6
2 3 6 2 3 6
 Direction cosines of r : , , − i.e., , , −
22 + 32 + ( −6 ) 49 7 7 7 7
2

2 3 6 
So, r = 14(r) = 14  i + j− k
7 7 7 
 r = 4i + 6 j − 12k
DISTRACTIONS MAKE LEARNING HARDER
 MATHS BY RUPESH K JHA... GS ROAD CHRISTIAN BASTI GUWAHATI 16

 Components of r are : 4i, 6j, −12k .

Q33. Using vectors, prove that the parallelogram on the same base and between the same parallels are equal in
area.
Sol. Let OABC and OARQ be the two parallelograms on the base OA.

From the figure it is evident that, OA = ˆi, OC = ˆi + ˆj , OQ = −ˆi + ˆj

Now ar(OABC) = | OA  OC |
= | ˆi  (iˆ + ˆj)| = | 0 + k|
ˆ = 1.
And ar(OARQ) = | OA  OQ |
= | ˆi  ( − ˆi + ˆj)| = | −0 + k|
ˆ =1
So, clearly ar(OABC) = ar(OARQ).

Q34 find the area of the parallelogram whose diagonals are 2iˆ − ˆj + kˆ and ˆi + 3jˆ − kˆ .
Now when diagonal a = 2iˆ − ˆj+ k,
ˆ b = ˆi + 3jˆ − kˆ then, area of parallelogram is given as,
1 ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ = 62 Sq.units .
= (2i − j + k)  (iˆ + 3jˆ − k)
2 2

Q35. If a = ˆi + ˆj + kˆ and b = ˆj − kˆ , find a vector c such that a  c = b and a.c = 3 .

Sol. Let c = xi + y j + zk

( )( )
Now a.c = 3  i + j + k . xi + y j + zk = 3  x + y + z = 3 —(i)

i j k
Also a  c = 1 1 1 = (z − y)i + ( x − z) j + ( y − x ) k = b
x y z

 ( z − y) i + ( x − z) j + ( y − x ) k = j − k
On equating the coefficients of i, j and k , we get :
z − y = 0 , x − z = 1 , x − y = 1 — (ii)
5 2
Solving (i) & (ii) simultaneously, we get : x = , y = z =
3 3
c =
3
(
1 ˆ
5i + 2j + 2k . )

DISTRACTIONS MAKE LEARNING HARDER

 MATHS BY RUPESH K JHA... GS ROAD CHRISTIAN BASTI GUWAHATI 17

NCERT QUESTION/Extra

Q36. If a, b, c are such that a + b + c = 0 and |a| = 3, |b| = 5 and |c| = 7. Find angle between
a and b.
Sol. Given that a+b+c=0
 a+b=−c
 (a + b)2 = (−c)2
 (a + b) . (a + b) = (−c) . (−c)
 a.a+a.b+b.a+b.b=c.c
 |a|2 + a . b + a . b + |b|2 = |c|2
( x . x = |x|2 and a . b = b . a)
 |a|2 + 2a . b + |b| = |c|2
 |a|2 + 2|a| . |b| cos  + |b|2 = |c|2 _____________
(i)
( a . b = |a| |b| cos )
Now, given that |a| = , |b| = 5 and |c| = 7
 Equation (i) becomes
(3)2 + 2 × 3 × 5 cos  + (5)2 = (7)2
 9 + 30 cos  + 25 = 49
 30 cos  = 49 – 34 = 15
15 1
 cos  = =
30 2
  1 
 cos  = cos  = cos 
3  2 3

 =
3

Hence, angle between a and b is .
3

DISTRACTIONS MAKE LEARNING HARDER