3

A student is extracting DNA from an apple. He begins by breaking up the apple

using a food blender. He then adds an 'extraction solution' to the fruit pulp.
a) Apart from water, state two components of the 'extraction solution'.
Grade
6-7

1.
2. ...

b) The student filters the mixture into a boiling tube.

Explain what the student needs to do next to obtain a DNA precipitate.
[2]

When a DNA molecule denatures, the

bonds between bases on opposite
DNA strands break and the two strands
separate. Figure 2 shows how the
percentage of denatured DNA in a
sample changes as the sample is
heated.
Grade

7-9
Percentage of denatured DNA in sample/%
[2]
[Total 4 marks]

Figure 2
100↑
 50+

45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95
Temperature/°C
a) Name the bonds that break when a DNA molecule denatures.

b) Give two observations that could be made from the data in Figure 2.
1......

2.

c) The DNA sample above contains 8.14 x 104 base pairs.

Calculate how many base pairs have separated at 70 °C.
your answer in standard form to 3 significant figures.
Give
[1]

[2]
 base pairs [2]
[Total 5 marks]

Section 3 Genetics
-

23