JSF- Managed Beans

Managed Bean is a regular Java Bean class registered with JSF. In other words, Managed Beans is a Java bean managed by JSF framework. Managed bean contains the getter and setter
methods, business logic, or even a backing bean (a bean contains all the HTML form value). Managed beans works as Model for UI component. Managed Bean can be accessed from JSF
page. In JSF 1.2, a managed bean had to register it in JSF configuration file such as facesconfig.xml. From JSF 2.0 onwards, managed beans can be easily registered using annotations. This
approach keeps beans and its registration at one place hence it becomes easier to manage. Using XML Configuration <managed-bean> <managed-bean-name>helloWorld</managed-
bean-name> <managed-bean-class>com.tutorialspoint.test.HelloWorld</managed-bean-class> <managed-bean-scope>request</managed-bean-scope> </managed-bean>

What is JSF? JavaServer Faces (JSF) is a MVC web framework that simplifies the construction of User Interfaces (UI) for server-based applications using reusable UI components in a page.
JSF provides a facility to connect UI widgets with data sources and to server-side event handlers. The JSF specification defines a set of standard UI components and provides an
Application Programming Interface (API) for developing components. JSF enables the reuse and extension of the existing standard UI components. Benefits JSF reduces the effort in
creating and maintaining applications, which will run on a Java application server and will render application UI on to a target client. JSF facilitates Web application development by −
Providing reusable UI components Making easy data transfer between UI components Managing UI state across multiple server requests Enabling implementation of custom
components Wiring client-side event to server-side application codeJSF Lifecycle JSF application life cycle consists of six phases which are as follows – 1. Restore view phase 2. Apply
request values phase; process events 3. Process validations phase; process events 4. Update model values phase; process events 5. Invoke application phase; process events 6. Render
response phase

JSP JSP technology is used to create web application just like Servlet technology. It can be thought of as an extension to Servlet because it provides more functionality than servlet such
as expression language, JSTL, etc. A JSP page consists of HTML tags and JSP tags. The JSP pages are easier to maintain than Servlet because we can separate designing and development.
It provides some additional features such as Expression Language, Custom Tags, etc.

Hibernate Introduction Hibernate is a framework which provides some abstraction layer, meaning that the programmer does not have to worry about the implementations, Hibernate
does the implementations for you internally like Establishing a connection with the database, writing query to perform CRUD operations etc. It is a java framework which is used to
develop persistence logic. Persistence logic means to store and process the data for long use. More precisely Hibernate is an open-source, non-invasive, light-weight java ORM(Object-
relational mapping) framework to develop objects which are independent of the database software and make independent persistence logic in all JAVA, JEE. Framework means it is
special install-able software that provides an abstraction layer on one or more technologies like JDBC, Servlet, etc to simplify or reduce the complexity for the development process.
Open Source means: Hibernate framework is available for everyone without any cost. The source code of Hibernate is also available on the Internet and we can also modify the code

Introduction to AJAX Ajax is an acronym for Asynchronous Javascript and XML. It is used to communicate with the server without refreshing the web page and thus increasing the user
experience and better performance. It is a group of inter-related technologies like JavaScript, DOM, XML, HTML/XHTML, CSS, XMLHttpRequest etc.

What is JUnit ? JUnit is a unit testing framework for Java programming language. It plays a crucial role test-driven development, and is a family of unit testing frameworks collectively
known as xUnit. JUnit promotes the idea of "first testing then coding", which emphasizes on setting up the test data for a piece of code that can be tested first and then implemented.
This approach is like "test a little, code a little, test a little, code a little." It increases the productivity of the programmer and the stability of program code, which in turn reduces the
stress on the programmer and the time spent on debugging. Features of JUnit JUnit is an open source framework, which is used for writing and running tests. Provides annotations to
identify test methods. Provides assertions for testing expected results. Provides test runners for running tests. JUnit tests allow you to write codes faster, which increases quality.
JUnit is elegantly simple. It is less complex and takes less time. JUnit tests can be run automatically and they check their own results and provide immediate feedback. There's no need
to manually comb through a report of test results. JUnit tests can be organized into test suites containing test cases and even other test suites. JUnit shows test progress in a bar that
is green if the test is running smoothly, and it turns red when a test fails

Maven is a powerful project management tool that is based on POM (project object model). It is used for project build, dependency, and documentation. It simplifies the build process
like ANT. But it is too much more advanced than ANT. In short terms we can tell maven is a tool that can be used for building and managing any Java-based project. maven makes the day-
to-day work of Java developers easier and generally helps with the comprehension of any Java-based project.