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Components & Working of Automobiles

Presentation · July 2022

DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.34358.57920

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 Components & Working of Automobiles
(𝐈𝐧𝐬𝐢𝐠𝐡𝐭𝐬 𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐨 𝐛𝐚𝐬𝐢𝐜𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐀𝐮𝐭𝐨𝐦𝐨𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐞𝐬)

𝚁𝚞𝚍𝚒𝚖𝚎𝚗𝚝𝚜 𝚘𝚏 𝙰𝚞𝚝𝚘𝚖𝚘𝚋𝚒𝚕𝚎𝚜 :
(Automobile Components & Working)

❏ General Information (ABSTRACT)

❏ Various Components of Motor Vechiles
❏ Working & their Applications
❏ Conclusion
❏ References & Summary

𝐒𝐮𝐦𝐚𝐧𝐭 𝐊𝐮𝐦𝐚𝐫 𝐏𝐚𝐧𝐝𝐞𝐲

(𝙸𝙽𝙳𝙴𝙿𝙴𝙽𝙳𝙴𝙽𝚃 𝚁𝙴𝚂𝙴𝙰𝚁𝙲𝙷𝙴𝚁)
𝑬𝒎𝒂𝒊𝒍 : 𝒔𝒖𝒎𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒌𝒖𝒎𝒂𝒓𝒑𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒆𝒚918@𝒈𝒎𝒂𝒊𝒍.𝒄𝒐𝒎
 𝙰𝙱𝚂𝚃𝚁𝙰𝙲𝚃
𝙰𝙱𝚂𝚃𝚁𝙰𝙲𝚃
𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐀𝐮𝐭𝐨𝐦𝐨𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞 𝐢𝐧𝐝𝐮𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐲 𝐡𝐚𝐬 𝐚 𝐯𝐚𝐬𝐭 𝐟𝐮𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞
𝐈𝐧𝐝𝐢𝐚. 𝐈𝐭 𝐢𝐬 𝐧𝐨𝐭 𝐣𝐮𝐬𝐭 𝐦𝐞𝐫𝐞 𝐨𝐧𝐥𝐲 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐜𝐫𝐮𝐜𝐢𝐚𝐥
𝐝𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐥𝐨𝐩𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐈𝐧𝐝𝐢𝐚, 𝐛𝐮𝐭 𝐚𝐥𝐬𝐨 𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐠𝐡𝐭𝐞𝐧𝐢𝐧𝐠
𝐄𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐨𝐦𝐢𝐜 𝐒𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐬. 𝐖𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐞𝐯𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐨𝐟
𝐭𝐞𝐜𝐡𝐧𝐨𝐥𝐨𝐠𝐲 & 𝐢𝐧𝐜𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐝𝐚𝐲-𝐛𝐲-𝐝𝐚𝐲 𝐝𝐞𝐦𝐚𝐧𝐝𝐬,
𝐚𝐮𝐭𝐨𝐦𝐨𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞 𝐢𝐧𝐝𝐮𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐲 𝐡𝐚𝐬 𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐞 𝐚𝐬 𝐚 𝐛𝐨𝐨𝐧. 𝐅𝐫𝐨𝐦
𝐡𝐞𝐥𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐟𝐚𝐫𝐦𝐞𝐫𝐬 𝐢𝐧 𝐀𝐠𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐚𝐥 𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐜𝐞𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐨
𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐬𝐩𝐨𝐫𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐢𝐫 𝐜𝐫𝐨𝐩𝐬 𝐭𝐨 𝐦𝐚𝐫𝐤𝐞𝐭. 𝐈𝐭 𝐢𝐬
𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐠𝐡𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐩𝐞𝐨𝐩𝐥𝐞 𝐭𝐨 𝐠𝐫𝐨𝐰 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐢𝐫 𝐛𝐮𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬𝐬 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐨
𝐫𝐞𝐝𝐮𝐜𝐞 𝐰𝐨𝐫𝐤 𝐥𝐨𝐚𝐝. 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐫𝐢𝐬𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐆𝐃𝐏 𝐭𝐡𝐫𝐨𝐮𝐠𝐡
𝐒𝐞𝐫𝐯𝐢𝐜𝐞 𝐒𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐨𝐫 𝐈𝐧𝐝𝐮𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐲 𝐢𝐬 𝐢𝐭𝐬 𝐨𝐧𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐛𝐞𝐬𝐭
𝐞𝐱𝐚𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐞𝐬. 𝐓𝐡𝐮𝐬 𝐩𝐫𝐚𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐥 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐝𝐞𝐞𝐩
𝐮𝐧𝐝𝐞𝐫𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐝𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐨𝐟 𝐀𝐮𝐭𝐨𝐦𝐨𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐞𝐬 𝐢𝐬 𝐜𝐫𝐮𝐜𝐢𝐚𝐥 𝐟𝐨𝐫
𝐲𝐨𝐮𝐧𝐠 𝐲𝐨𝐮𝐭𝐡𝐬. 𝐓𝐡𝐢𝐬 𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐚𝐥𝐬𝐨 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐯𝐢𝐝𝐢𝐧𝐠
𝐮𝐬 𝐢𝐧-𝐝𝐞𝐩𝐭𝐡 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐨𝐫𝐞𝐭𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐥 𝐮𝐧𝐝𝐞𝐫𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐝𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐚𝐬 𝐰𝐞𝐥𝐥 𝐚𝐬
𝐩𝐫𝐚𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐥 𝐬𝐤𝐢𝐥𝐥𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐫𝐨𝐮𝐠𝐡 𝐯𝐚𝐫𝐢𝐨𝐮𝐬 𝐟𝐥𝐨𝐰 𝐜𝐡𝐚𝐫𝐭𝐬 𝐚𝐧𝐝
𝐬𝐜𝐡𝐞𝐦𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐜 𝐝𝐢𝐚𝐠𝐫𝐚𝐦𝐬. 𝐈𝐭 𝐞𝐧𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐞𝐬 𝐮𝐬 𝐭𝐨 𝐮𝐧𝐝𝐞𝐫𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐝
𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐦𝐚𝐧𝐮𝐟𝐚𝐜𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐠, 𝐰𝐨𝐫𝐤𝐢𝐧𝐠𝐬 & 𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐥 𝐬𝐜𝐞𝐚𝐧𝐚𝐫𝐢𝐨 𝐨𝐟
𝐀𝐮𝐭𝐨𝐦𝐨𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐞𝐬.
. each components
𝙰𝙱𝙾𝚄𝚃 𝚃𝙷𝙴 𝙿𝚁𝙴𝚂𝙴𝙽𝚃𝙰𝚃𝙸𝙾𝙽
The presentation is an attempt to
explain complex workings &
components of an automobile, in a
very simple manner. One can learn
how AI, Electronics, Mechanical
Enggineering skills are used in
automobile manufacturing. The
presentation tells us about every
components of Motor Vechiles , their
working principles & applications. The
presentation is prepared in such a
sumple way that it gives real
interaction with manufacturing of
Automobiles.
✵ Maintenance of Automobiles
✵ Major Components of Automobiles
✵ Practical Skills (Mechanical)
✵ AI & Robotics in Automobile Manufacturing
✵ Working Principles & Applications of
The presentation provides a close interface with how Automobiles are manufactured & what type of
components perform which type of application. Based on learning from the training & classes. We can
easily understood the MAJOR SYSTEMS AND COMPONENTS OF AN AUTOMOBILE
We can easily differentiate the Auto Components by their functions , as below. During the investigations
we have looked closely how break system, engine works in an automobile. What are their building
components & so on.

Automobile ≈ Auto → Self

𝐀𝐮𝐭𝐨 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐩𝐨𝐧𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐬 Mobile → Motion

A wheeled vehicle designed

with an engine & self
propelled system (power).

𝙴𝙽𝙶𝙸𝙽𝙴 𝙳𝚛𝚒𝚟𝚎 𝚃𝚛𝚊𝚗𝚜𝚖𝚒𝚜𝚜𝚒𝚘𝚗 𝙱𝚛𝚎𝚊𝚔𝚜 𝙱𝚘𝚍𝚢 𝙴𝚕𝚎𝚌𝚝𝚛𝚒𝚌𝚊𝚕 𝙿𝚊𝚛𝚝𝚜

& & &
𝚂𝚝𝚎𝚊𝚛𝚒𝚗𝚐 𝚂𝚞𝚜𝚙𝚎𝚗𝚜𝚒𝚘𝚗 𝙲𝚑𝚎𝚜𝚜𝚒𝚜

The 𝚜𝚕𝚒𝚍𝚎𝚜 𝚑𝚎𝚛𝚎 provided us a thorough understanding & functioning of Mechanical

Components of an Automobile such as Brakes & Suspension, Engine and how they
works/maintainnace.

𝕊𝕦𝕞𝕒𝕟𝕥 𝕂𝕣. ℙ𝕒𝕟𝕕𝕖𝕪

 𝙼𝙰𝙹𝙾𝚁 𝚂𝚈𝚂𝚃𝙴𝙼𝚂 𝙰𝙽𝙳 𝙲𝙾𝙼𝙿𝙾𝙽𝙴𝙽𝚃𝚂 𝙾𝙵 𝙰𝙽 𝙰𝚄𝚃𝙾𝙼𝙾𝙱𝙸𝙻𝙴 (𝙱𝚁𝙸𝙴𝙵)
𝐄𝐍𝐆𝐈𝐍𝐄
An engine is complex unit in which different
components are assembled together, and fuel is
burned to produce power or energy. The engine
converts chemical energy (heat energy) into
mechanical energy. Based on working Principles
it is classified into :-
a) Spark Ignition Engine (Petrol or Gas Engine)
b) Compression Ignition Engine (Diesel Engine)
𝙱𝚁𝙰𝙺𝙴𝚂 & 𝚂𝚄𝚂𝙿𝙴𝙽𝚂𝙸𝙾𝙽
Brakes are one of the most important control
components of a vehicle. They are required to stop
the vehicle within the smallest possible distance and
this is done by converting the kinetic energy of the
wheels into the heat energy which is dissipated into
the atmosphere.
Suspension is the term given to the system of
springs, shock absorbers and linkages that connects
a vehicle to its wheels. The suspension system
serves a dual purpose, contributing to the vehicle’s
road holding or handling and braking for safety and
driving comfort, and keeping the vehicle occupants
comfortable and reasonably well isolated from road
noise, bumps and vibrations, etc
 𝙳𝚁𝙸𝚅𝙴 𝚃𝚁𝙰𝙽𝚂𝙼𝙸𝚂𝙸𝙾𝙽 & 𝚂𝚃𝙴𝙴𝚁𝙸𝙽𝙶
The steering mechanism permits the driver to
control the car on a straight road and turn right
or left as desired. The steering mechanism
includes a steering wheel, which the driver
controls, a steering gear, which converts rotary
motion of steering wheel in to straight line
motion and steering inkages
Transmission System:The transmission system
consists of the following components.
(i) Clutch assembly.
(ii) Gear box assembly
(iii) Propeller shaft
𝙵𝚄𝙴𝙻 𝚂𝚈𝚂𝚃𝙴𝙼
In petrol engines, the fuel and air mixture is
supplied to the combustion chamber of an
engine. This mixture is atomised and then
vapourised by the carburettor. Then the mixture
is ignited by the spark plug.
Other Important Systems :-
➪ 𝙻𝚞𝚋𝚛𝚒𝚌𝚊𝚝𝚒𝚘𝚗 𝚂𝚢𝚜𝚝𝚎𝚖
➪ 𝙵𝚞𝚎𝚕 𝚂𝚞𝚙𝚙𝚕𝚢 𝚂𝚢𝚜𝚝𝚎𝚖
➪ 𝙲𝚘𝚘𝚕𝚎𝚗𝚝 𝚂𝚞𝚙𝚙𝚕𝚢 𝚂𝚢𝚝𝚎𝚖
 Auto-Components and their Maintenance

𝙱𝙾𝙳𝚈 𝙰𝙽𝙳 𝙲𝙷𝙰𝚂𝚂𝙸𝚂

Chassis denotes the frame or main structure of
a vehicle. The chassis contains all the major
units necessary to propel the vehicle, guide its
motion, stop it and allow it to run smoothly over
uneven surfaces. It is the main mounting for all
the components including the body(not moving).
It is also known as the carrying unit. The chassis
includes the following major components:-
(i) A steel frame, which is a major part.
(ii) In case of a passenger car, the whole body is 𝙴𝙻𝙴𝙲𝚃𝚁𝙸𝙲𝙰𝙻 𝙲𝙾𝙼𝙿𝙾𝙽𝙴𝙽𝚃𝚂 :-
also an integral part of the chassis. With Advancement Automobiles contains a number of
electrical components such as Digital Odometer,
(iii) Other major components include engine,
Sound Sytem, Lights and others.
transmission system, front and rear axle,
steering system, suspension system, wheels, ✈ 𝐌𝐚𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐚𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐀𝐮𝐭𝐨𝐦𝐨𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐞𝐬
tyres and brakes. ❄𝐹𝑢𝑒𝑙 𝐶ℎ𝑒𝑐𝑘-𝑢𝑝 (𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦)
❄ 𝑙𝑢𝑏𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑡 & 𝐶𝑜𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑅𝑒𝑓𝑢𝑒𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔
❄ 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑜𝑢𝑠 𝑉𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑖𝑙𝑒 𝐻𝑒𝑎𝑙𝑡ℎ 𝐶ℎ𝑒𝑐𝑘 𝑢𝑝.
❄𝑇𝑦𝑟𝑒𝑠 & 𝐵𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑦 𝑀𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑔𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡
 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐜𝐥𝐮𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧 & 𝐑𝐞𝐟𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞𝐬
𝙲𝙾𝙽𝙲𝙻𝚄𝚂𝙸𝙾𝙽 :-
Automobile Engineering us so complicated to understand
firmly & it's merely impossible to understand it completely
without Practical Learning. This type of training not just give
us a new joy and energy of learning, but also helps in
understanding complicated system through practical
analysis. It connects us with real world & future of
Automobiles. It helped in understanding manufacturing or
maintenance process of different Automobiles and its
components.
𝚄𝚜𝚎𝚜 𝚘𝚏 𝙰𝚞𝚝𝚘𝚖𝚘𝚋𝚒𝚕𝚎𝚜 :-
1)𝙸𝚗 𝚊𝚜 𝚊 𝚖𝚎𝚊𝚗𝚜 𝚘𝚏 𝚝𝚛𝚊𝚗𝚜𝚙𝚘𝚛𝚝 𝚍𝚞𝚛𝚒𝚗𝚐
𝚖𝚎𝚍𝚒𝚌𝚊𝚕 𝚎𝚖𝚎𝚛𝚐𝚎𝚗𝚌𝚢.
2) 𝙸𝚗 𝚏𝚞𝚕𝚏𝚒𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚐 𝚗𝚎𝚎𝚍𝚜 𝚘𝚏 𝚂𝚎𝚛𝚟𝚒𝚌𝚎 𝚂𝚎𝚌𝚝𝚘𝚛.
3) 𝙼𝚎𝚊𝚗𝚜 𝚘𝚏 𝚃𝚛𝚊𝚗𝚜𝚙𝚘𝚛𝚝
4) 𝙰𝚜 𝚊𝚗 𝙴𝚗𝚐𝚒𝚗𝚎𝚎𝚛𝚒𝚗𝚐 𝚝𝚘𝚘𝚕, 𝚎𝚝𝚌.
References :-
● A Text Book of Automobile Engineering, 𝙺𝙰𝚃
Publications, Google
● Research Gate
:https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sumant-Kr
-Pandey
● Engineering Physics, Dhanpat Rai Pub.
● AI & Robotics, Introduction on IJTER.
● http://dx.doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.32031.28322
● http://dx.doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.21720.21768
● https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sumant-Kr
-Pandey?ev=hdr_xprf
● http://dx.doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.16687.05283
● http://dx.doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.26753.38246
● https://independentresearcher.academia.edu/S
umantKumarPandey
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𝚂𝚞𝚖𝚊𝚗𝚝 𝙺𝚛. 𝙿𝚊𝚗𝚍𝚎𝚢