CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Home delivery is the act of a pregnant women giving birth to her baby at home with the aid of

older women in the family, or a traditional birth attendance or a trained community midwife. For

the sake of this study though the attention given to this woman in with the help of older women

in the family or at best with the help of a traditional birth attendant.

Home delivery is one of the common practice in our society today, these women who deliver at

home do not really mind the consequences of their action or because they are helpless about the

situation. Even those that attend antenatal clinic still end up delivery their babies at home. So,

many reasons are behind why women choose to deliver at home like poverty, ignorance,

distance, and cultural inhibition old wives talks about health facility delivery e.t.c

Some of the complication that follow due to home delivery are post-partum hemorrhage, retained

placenta, shock, puerperal pyrexia, perinea causation e.t.c on the side of the body asphyxias,

intracranial injury and fracture for the parietal bones e.t.c

The researcher wants to find out a study to access the level of awareness on the effect of home

delivery in Tudun Wada Ward, Makarfi my concern is that even in hospital maternity homes and

health centers where there are specialized care, some of these complication do occur, so what do

you say to delivery in the home with ignorance old women and traditional birth attendant who

have no facilities and most of the time in unhygienic surrounding.

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

In Nigeria and world all over 200 million women become pregnant but for some of them indeed

of child bearing being joyous events, it is a time of pains, fear and suffering safe mother hood

journals (1999). The rate at which women are suffering during child birth as result of home

delivery is alarming and as such this issue should be given attention in order to prevent the

complications that use to arise as a result of home delivery in order to save the individual

community had the country at large.

The researcher discovered that despite the present of health facility in Makarfi L.G.A, the

pregnant women are not using the available facility for them, they prefer home delivery instead

of health facility delivery without minding the complications that may arise such as retained

placenta, post-partum hemorrhage, ruptured uterus e.t.c the above mention problem has led to

psychological trauma for most women who cannot control their emotion, this study is meant to

find out a study to access on the effect of home delivery among in Makarfi L.G.A. Kaduna State

where locally it has not been given attention.

1.3 PURPOSE (OBJECTIVES) OF THE STUDY

1. To determine whether the practice/effect of Home delivery is depend on the age of

individual.

2. To find out the effect of Home delivery among Women.

3. To determine the preventive measure on the effect of Home delivery

4. To determine the Trend of effect and causes of the practice of Home delivery among

Women.
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This study aims at mobilizing women and creating awareness among the pregnant and non-

pregnant women especially those of child bearing age that is between the age 15 to 45 years old

putting out of them, the importance of health care facility delivery in order to prevent

complications that may arise at home such as post-partum hemorrhage, ruptured uterus, maternal

death and neonatal death e.t.c it will also help the midwives to defect at risk women and prompt

attention will be given to them.

1.5 RESEARCH QUESTION

1. Is Health facility delivery very important to Pregnant Women?

2. What is the relationship of the Midwives and the Pregnant Women During antenatal

clinic?

3. What prevents the pregnant women from delivery in a health facility?

4. What measure can be taken to encourage pregnant women to delivery in a health care

facility?

1.6 HYPOTHESIS

Ho: Home delivery has no effect among women.

Hi: Home delivery has effect among women.

1.7 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

This study is limited to women of child bearing in Makarfi Local Government Area, Kaduna

State. The researcher intend to conduct a research on the topic a study to access the level of

awareness on the effect of home delivery among women in Makarfi L.G.A.

1.8 DEFINITION OF TERMS

i. PRACTICE: A way to improve one’s skill in that activity.

ii. ANTENATAL: before birth.

iii. BOOKING: term given to the initial appointment with the midwife of a pregnant

woman.

iv. E.D.D: Expected date of delivery it is calculated by counting forward a months and

adding 7 days from the first day or last normal menstrual period.

v. CONCEPTION: The fission of spermatozoa and ovum for a viable zygote the onset

of pregnancy.

vi. EPISIOTOMY: An incision made in the thinned out perennial body to enlarge the

vaginal orifice during delivery.

vii. MULTIPLE PREGNANCIES: pregnancy of more than one foetus.

viii. GESTATION: Pregnancy

ix. ANTE PARTUM: Is the period of pregnancy between conception and delivery.

x. OEDEMA: an excess retention of clued in the tissue either because an excess it is

formed or because there is failure of absorption.

xi. MORTALITY DEATH RATE: Of a given population for example maternal or

neonatal mortality.

xii. MALPRESENTATION: any presentation of the foetus other than the vertex. It may
be a brad, brow or shoulder presentation.
xiii. HOME DELIVERY: Is the delivery that occurs outside the hospital or health facility
usually in the mother’s house.
 CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 INTRODUCTION

In this chapter the research made reference to related literature which serves as guideline in

understanding the research work. And this chapter is mainly at recovery the notable literature

books that are concern with the accessing the level of awareness on the effect of home delivery

among women. It considers the following issues:

Definition of home delivery reasons for home delivery.

DEFINITION OF HOME DELIVERY

Home delivery is one of the major problem that we facing in our communities, this is because

some pregnant women don’t know the important of health facility delivery is such they do

deliver their babies at home and at time suffered complication such post-partum, hemorrhage,

reputed uterus, infection retained placenta, maternal death and neonatal death e.t.c the midwives

are available in health facilities to take care of them with the available in health facilities even in

case of any emergency situation but because they form the attitude of giving birth at home, they

do suffer complications that they cannot help themselves out.

- Home Birth:- is defined as child birth that occurs outside a health facility usually in the home

often mother and in usually unassisted by a qualities midwife and other health personnel’s.

- Hospital Delivery:- is the delivery of a new born baby in a health facility under, the conduct and

supervision of the midwifes and other health personnel’s.

 REASONS FOR HOME DELIVERY

The actual reason why pregnant women don’t deliver in a health facility are numerous however

below are some of the reason given as they seems to be peculiar to all women.

 Ignorance

 Poverty

 Distance

 Cultural belief/taboos

 Lack of trained personnel’s

 Attitude of health workers to their patient

 Inadequate maternity health centers.

2.2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE OF AIMS AND OBJECTIVE

REASONS FOR HOME DELIVERY ARE EXPLAINED BELOW

- IGNORANCE: According to advance learner’s dictionary 4 th edition, ignorance is lack of

knowledge or information about something. Ignorance is one of the most debating reasons for

home delivery in Makarfi L.G.A .the women in Makarfi simply don’t know the benefit of giving

birth in a health facility. They fell that there is no danger signs when pregnancy set in as a result

of this they think one can remain at home during pregnancy up to delivery, they lack knowledge

of the dangers of a giving birth at home and the serious problem that may arise that will at times

need surgical intervention and other emergencies such as post-partum hemorrhage that will need

blood transfusions etc.

- DISTANCE: according to Wynn (1991) women bear the burden of responsibilities for both

family and foetal health and development for a who has a lot of responsibilities and stress and
 also do work tirelessly to see the up keep of both themselves and the family after these

distressful activities, she may both find it easy to track or rush to a health facility when she is in

labour and also such pregnant women don’t attend regular antenatal clinic.

- POVERTY: According to Oackly(1984) Donmison (1988) that poverty is a physical, social and

mental health debating situation of any body, anywhere which could be preventable by mere

personnel, national participation in those activities that tend towards position economic growth

and development, this is when the saying “health is wealth” finds the relevance, the pregnant

women understand the benefit of health facility delivery but are unable to afford it.

- CULTURAL BELIEF/TABOOS: According to Dohson (1991) and mead (1953) cultures

encompasses the over teaching institution in society and the small intimate habit of delay life.

However from the day we are born the culture plays a part in our lives, cultural beliefs. Taboos

form the basis and foundation of people’s lives.

In all societies delivery is accompanied by ritualises practices that are in flounced by culture.

During labour cultural norms required the mother to take some herbal medicine which is belief to

have the delivery of the baby but medically there is no rationale behind the herbal medicine that

has been taken, instead of labour to progress, it become deteriorated and endanger the life of both

mother and baby.

In Makarfi local government area they believe in their culture that any woman who delivered in

health facility is lazy and on want to expose her for people to see and as such most of them do

delivery at home instead of health facility.

 ATTITUDE OF HEALTH WORKERS DURING PREGNANCY AND LABOUR

James Bahnka (1979) discussed on the bad behaviour of health worker especially the midwives

to patient facilities to received health services. He stressed the part that the patient/clinic

sometimes go to private hospitals or clinic like missionary hospital not minding their religious

background, either Muslim or christen they belief the nurse or health workers are well trained

and they treat the patient well especially during labour or delivery, when the life of the women

had behaved rudely in a bad manner, the nurses/midwives will talk to her politely after delivery

and even crack jokes with her.

The bad behaviour of health workers to the patient could be a factor that make some pregnant

women have fear to go to clinic, comprehensive health centers or hospitals to deliver, they stay at

home to have their babies. They should be positive behaviour of nurses/midwives, even the

trained traditional birth attendant to their patient in order to reduced risk of home delivery.

INADEQUATE MATERNITY CENTRES

Ojo and Brigs (1967) discussed on the importance of providing good maternal centers especially

in the remote area and the need to send qualified health personnel’s to work in these centers for

effectives maternal service.

2.3 THE AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF ANTENATAL CARE ARE DISCUSSED BELOW:

According to Myles text book for midwives, African edition (2006) the aim of antenatal care

are:-

 To provide information on health and all health related benefit to both mother and baby.

 To empower women to build their confidence in midwives.

  To prepare the mother for labour location and care of the baby.

Adegoroye (1984) discussed the need for pregnant women, that it’s a must for them to attain

antenatal clinic regularly and those with signs of abnormalities follow up care should be done on

them and also those encourage to be attending antenatal regularly, these women should be

encourage to deliver in any health facility or a recognized traditional birth attendants (TBA) in

order to prevent the complication that may arise during labour and delivery instead of home

delivery where there will be nobody to take care of any emergency situation that may arise

delivery at home.

ADVANTAGES OF HEALTH FACILITY DELIVERY

- Many mothers fell safest labouring in a health facility because it is the safest environment for the

mother to delivery.

- Women are more taken care of in a health facility compare to home delivery if a woman is in

labour she is the centres stage at that time of delivery and as such all the midwives on duty and

the doctor to take over good care of her in order to have a life health baby and mother.

- In case of any complication during labour and delivery, there are skilled staff and also facilities

to take care of the women in any emergency situation at that time.

- Immediate care and physical examination of the new born baby is done and sanctioning to the

airways.

- The woman in labour is given full attention by the midwives here vital signs and fetal well-being

in monitored regularly.
- In a health facility after delivery there is continues monitoring of the mother and the baby’s

condition by postnatal check-up and the use of less than five clinics for the baby.

The mother is health re-educated on health matters such personal hygiene exclusive breast

feeding care of the baby especially clearing of the cord with spirit, good nutrition and family

planning.

 Immunization is given to the child according to the number to doses bases on the baby’s months.

 Mothers do leave the health facility within 48 hours after delivery unlike before that it do take

one week or more before discharge.

DISADVANTAGES OF HOME DELIVERY

The laboring women may have complication such as:

 Post-partum hemorrhage.

 Ruptured uterus

 Laceration and tear.

 Maternal death.

 Infection.

 Eclampria.

 Ammotic fluid embolism.

 Uterine bleeding and inverted uterus.

FOR THE BABY

There could birth injuries such as:

i. Fracture.

ii. Cyanosis.

iii. Asphyxia

iv. Intracranial injury

v. Wrong information about the care of her baby

vi. If it is primp

vii. No continues monitoring of the mother and child

viii. There will be no health education for her on good personal hygiene, exclusive

breastfeeding care of the baby and family planning.

ix. No immunization for the mother and child.

2.4 SUMMARY

Home delivery is defined as child birth that occurs outside health facility usually in the home of

the mother and in unassisted by a qualified midwives and other health personnel’s who have

professional skills to give immediate postnatal came to the mother and baby and also to the

complications that may arise, this is sometimes known as an unassisted home delivery. The

causes of home delivery among women of Makarfi L.G.A area, such as cultural belief/taboos,

poverty, ignorance, inadequate materni\ty centers and distance etc. also complication such as

post-partum hemorrhage, retained placental, ruptured uterus, exclaims, obstructed labour and

infection etc. were identify as some complication of home delivery.

 CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.0 INTRODUCTION

This chapter is concerned with the research methodology, study setting, study population sample

and sampling techniques, instrument for data collection, validity and reliability of the instrument,

administration of the instrument for data collection, techniques for data collection.

3.1 STUDY DESIGN

The research design used for this study is a descriptive design which describe or explains a

survey on effect of drug abuse among youth in Tudun Wada Makarfi Local Government Area of

Kaduna State. In order to enable the researchers to find out the effect of drug abuse among youth

and the preventive measures of dry abuse among youth in Tudun Wada Makarfi Local

Government and the society.

3.2 STUDY SETTING

The study setting in Makarfi Local Government Area of Kaduna state, Nigeria. Makarfi Local

Government was created in 1992 with headquarters located in Makarfi about 146 kilometers

from the Kaduna the state capital. It has a land mass of 36559q. Kilometers. It comprises of

about five (5) districts which are: Makarfi, has one District. There are 39 health facilities in

Makarfi, made up of 35 public and 4 private health facilities, and also there is government

general hospital. There are 100 primary schools and they have one community bank in Makarfi.
3.3 POPULATION OF THE STUDY

According to the 2006 population census there were about 138, 956 living in the Makarfi Local

Government Area. It shares land border with Makarfi Local Government Area by the east.

Makarfi Local Government Area by the west and Katsina and Kano state by the North.

3.3 POPULATION OF THE STUDY

The population of the study is in the state that is Kaduna state in (Kaduna south L.G.A) area of

Makarfi Local Government Area, Kaduna State. The population is 138, 956.

3.4 SAMPLE AND SAMPLING TECHNIQUES

A sample of 90 people was taken or chosen from the population study. In this study a designed

research questionnaire has been structure and employed, distributed to adult men and women. In

view of the large area. Random sampling was used in each street, few houses from the right and

left have been picked to enable every member have the opportunity to participate.

3.5 INSTRUMENT FOR DATA COLLECTION

The instrument use for this research work is questionnaire and interview method. Questionnaire

in research is instrument comprising designed question for respondents to answer. Interview is to

take the people verbal question and they will give their answer.

3.6 VALIDITY OF INSTRUMENT FOR DATA COLLECTION

For appropriateness, the drafted questionnaire was giving to my supervisor and two lecturers

from the college necessary corrections and modification were made to ensure it serve its purpose.
3.7 RELAIBILITY OF INSTRUMENTS

The method or tools used by the researcher were seen and approved by the researchers.

Supervisor so as to serve its purpose and the questionnaire were pre-tested by the respondents

before finally issued out.

3.8 ADMINISTRATION OF THE INSTRUMENT

90 copies of questionnaire were distributed to the respondents. For those who cannot read and

write we read out questions and explain to them. Their responses were filled in the questionnaire

by the researchers.

3.4 Techniques for data Analysis

The technique used the simple sample percentage method in finding out the percentages of

the respondents to the questions using the statistical frequency formula.

X x 100
n 1
X = means the number of respondents to questionnaire.

n = Is the total number of questionnaire responded and returned 100 = figure is the percentage to

the finding.
 CHAPTER FOUR

DATA ANALYSIS AND PRESENTATION

4.0 INTRODUCTION

This chapter of the study comprises of data analysis and presentation based on findings

on a survey carried on by the research. A study to access the level of awareness on the effect of

home delivery among women of Makarfi of Kaduna South Local Government area of Kaduna

state. A total number of 100 questionnaires were administered of which 90 were collect fill and

returned.

4.1 PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA

The result obtained from the administered questionnaire formed the basis of the

presentation shown as: SECTION A. (Personal data of respondents)

TABLE 1:AGE OF RESPONDENTS

AGE IN YEAR NO. OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

15-20 years 24 26.7%

21-30 years 22 24.5%

31-35 years 25 27.8%

35 and above 19 21%

Total 90 100

From the table above, we discover that the highest respondent’s falls between the age of 31-35

years (27.8%) while the lowest falls between the age 35 years and above which is (21%).
 TABLE 2: SEX OF RESPONDENTS

SEX IN YEAR NO. OF RESPONDENTS Percentage

Male 50 59%
Female 40 41%
Total 90 100%
From the above table, it reveals that out of 90 respondents 50 were males while 40 were female,

This show that both male and female are not equal.

TABLE 3: MARITAL STATUS OF RESPONDENTS

MARITAL STATUS NO. OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

Married 41 45.6%
Single 31 34.5%
Widow 10 11%
Divorced 8 8.9%
Total 90 100
The table above show that out of 90 respondents 41 were married which is (45.6%) while 31 is

single which is (34.5%), 10 were widow which is (11%) while 8 were divorced which is (8.9%)

and the lowest respondent.

TABLE 4: RELIGION OF RESPONDENTS

RELIGION NO. OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

Islam 46 51.1%
Christianity 36 40%
Others 8 8.9%
Total 90 100
From the table it shows that the highest respondents are Muslim 46 which is (51.1%) Christianity

36 which is (40%) and others 8 which is (8.9%) which means the study area is dominated by

Muslims.

TABLE 5: TRIBES OF RESPONDENTS

TRIBE NO. OF RESPONDENT PERCENTAGE

Hausa 30 33.3%
Fulani 26 28.9%
Kurama 15 16.7%
Others 19 21.1%
Total 90 100
The above table shows that majority of the respondents are Hausa 30 which is (33.3%), 26 are

Fulani with (28.9%), Kurama 15 which is (16.7%) and others with 19 which is (21.1%).

TABLE 6: LEVEL OF EDUCATION OF RESPODENTS

LEVEL OF EDUCATION NO. OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

Primary 14 15.6%
Secondary 37 41.1%
Tertiary 26 28.9%
Illiterate 13 14.4%
Total 90 100
The above table shows that 37 of the respondents are secondary they occupy the highest

percentages, 26 respondents went through tertiary, while 14 were primary levels and 13 attained

illiterate.

TABLE 7: OCCUPATION OF RESPONDENTS

OCCUPATION NO. OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

Housewife 18 20%
Trading 26 28.9%
Student 37 41.1%
Civil servant 9 10%
Total 90 100
From the table above it shows that most of the respondents were students. However, housewife

that is 18, which is (20%) be engaged in trading which is (28.9%), 37 were student which is

(41.1%) and 9 which is (10%). This show that majority of the respondents are student, whose

engaged in any type of working.

SECTION B
TABLE 8: WHERE DOES PREGNANT WOMEN IN TUDUN WADA RECEIVE
ANTENATAL CARE?

PLACE NO. OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

Health care facility 33 36.7%
Traditional birth attendant 33 36.7%
No where 24 26.6%
Total 90 100
From the table, it shows that 33 pregnant women patronize health care facilities which is (36.7%)

33 pregnant women patronize traditional birth attendants (TBA) which is 36.7% while 24 women

does not attend antenatal while pregnant with (26.6%).

TABLE 9: HAS ANY OF YOUR FEMALE RELATIONSHIP DELIVERY AT HOME?

RESPONSES NO. OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

Yes 52 57.8%
No 38 42.2%
Total 90 100
From the table above, it shows that out of 90 respondents 52 agreed that their female relationship

gave birth at home which is (57.8%) while 38 which is (42.2%) does not. This show majority of

women give birth at home.

TABLE 10: IS IT IMPORTANT FOR PREGNANCY WOMEN TO GIVE BIRTH IN A

HEALTH CARE FACILITY?

RESPONSES NO. OF RESPONDENT PERCENTAGE

Yes 43 47.8 %
No 47 52.2 %
Total 90 100
From the table above, it shows that out of 90 respondent, 47 disagreed that it is not important for

pregnant women to deliver in health care facility which 43 is (52.2%) while 43 which is (47.8%)

agreed that it is important for pregnant women to deliver in health care facility which is (47.8%).

TABLE 11: WHERE DO YOU GET YOUR INFORMATION

INFORMATION NO. OF RESPONDENT PERCENTAGE

Media 31 34.5%
Newspaper 22 24.4%
Friend 37 41.1%
Total 90 100
From the above table, it shows that 37 respondents get their information’s through friends with

(41.1%) 31 respondents (34.5%) get their information through media while 22 (24.4%) got their

own through newspaper.

TABLE 12: WHAT DO YOU THINK ARE SOME OF THE POSSIBLE CAUSES OF
HOME DELIVERY?

RESPONSES NO. OF RESPONDENT PERCENTAGE

Negligence by medical 22 24.5%
personnel
Poverty 17 18.9%
Ignorance 13 14.4%
Lack of awareness 18 20%
Distance 20 22.2%
Total 90 100
From the table above 22 (24.5%) are due to negligence by medical personnel, 20 (22.2%) are

due to distance, 18 (20%) are due to lack of awareness while 13 (14.4%) are due to Ignorance.

TABLE 13: YOU AGREE THAT CULTURAL BELIEF CONTRIBUTE TO HOME

DELIVERY?

RESPONSES NO. OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

Yes 54 60%
No 36 40%
Total 90 100
From the table above 54 (60%) respondents are aware that cultural belief/taboos of the people in

a study area contribute to home delivery while 36 (40%) are not aware that cultural belief/taboos

contribute to home delivery.

TABLE 14: HAS ANY OF YOUR RELATIONS HAD COMPLICATION AS A REACT

OF HOME BIRTH?

RESPONSES NUMBER OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

Yes 49 54.4%
No 41 45.6%
Total 90 100
Base on the above table 49 (54.4%) agreed that their relations had complications as a result of

home delivery. While 41 (45.6%) does not, the show that majority of their women do have

complication as a result of home delivery.

 TABLE 15: WHAT ARE THE SOURCES OF HEALTH FACILITY IN YOUR
COMMUNITY?

RESPONSES NO. OF RESPONDENT PERCENTAGE

The traditional birth attendant 14 15.6%
Health facility 23 25.6%
Chemist 27 30%
Traditional healers 26 28.8%
Total 90 100
From the table above it shows that 14 (15.6%) of the community have traditional birth

attendants, health facility 23 (25.6%) chemist 27 (30%) and traditional healers 26 (28.8%).

TABLE 16: HOW MANY HEALTH FACILITIES DO YOU HAVE IN YOUR

COMMUNITY?

RESPONSES NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

One 44 48.9%
Two 16 17.8%
None 30 33.3%
Total 90 100
From the table above, 44 (48.9%) have one 16 (17.8%) have two while 30 (33.3%) have no

health facilities in their communities.

TABLE 17: ARE THERE ENOUGH HEALTH PERSONNEL’S IN YOUR CLINIC?

RESPONSES NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

Yes 49 54.4%
No 26 28.9%
Not sure 15 16.7%
Total 90 100
From the table above 49 (54.4%) of respondents agreed that there are enough health personnel’s

in their community, 26 which is (28.9%) respondents agreed that there are no enough health

personnel’s while 15 while is (16.7%) were not sure.

TABLE 18: HOW SHOULD HOME DELIVERY BE PREVENTED?

RESPONSES NO. OF RESPONDENT PERCENTAGE

Alleviate poverty 14 15.6%
Western education 12 13.3%
Educate people on the dangers 17 18.9%
of home delivery
 Government co-operation 18 20%
Provision of enough all 15 16.6%
facilities
Health education the people on 14 15.6%
important of health facility
Total 90 100
Based on the table above, it shows that the highest respondents 18 which is (20%) agreed that

government should co-operate on the dangers of home delivery 17 (18.9%) agreed that pregnant

women should be health educated on the dangers of home delivery 15 (16.6%) agreed that if

health facility increase home delivery will reduced while 14 (15.6%) agreed that pregnant

women should be educated on the need or importance of health facilities delivery while 12

(13.3%) agreed on western education in order to prevent home delivery.

 CHAPTER FIVE

SUMMMARY CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

5.1 INTRODUCTION

This chapter include summary of the whole research, findings, conclusion and recommendation

5.2 SUMMARY

From the previous chapter, it was stated that home delivery is the act of a pregnant women

giving birth to her baby at home with the aid of older women in the family, along with the

definition of terms were used on the effect of home delivery among women of Makarfi Local

Government Area Kaduna State. Several related literature materials were used in finding out the

reasons and attitude of health workers during pregnancy and labour of home delivery among

women in chapter two. Also one way analysis of variance and chi – square has used in this

project to analyzed the result.

5.4 DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS

In this project, the researcher find out that home delivery is not important to the mothers and lack

of practicing home delivery does not affect the complication during the delivery of the home.

Practicing home delivery among mothers does not help them. The of mothers of between the age

15 – 40 are 25 - 80. The mothers of Makarfi L.G.A, do not practice home delivery but they are

aware of it.
 5.5 IMPLICATION OF FINDINGS

Implication of these finding is that the local government, village heads and all the citizens in the

area should give priority attention to issues of health care facilities so as to be able to sustain any

progress made in this direction, the pregnant women should be given all the necessary care and

support in order to stop home delivery and also to prevent the complication which may arise as

result of home delivery, this will also help the pregnant woman to live a good and healthy life.

Other factors that have been identified as contributing factors to home delivery should not be

allowed to rear up in the area gain those which have been identified in the area among pregnant

women that do not patronize the health facilities should be encouraged to do so, while the

cultural beliefs, tradition practices should be discourage completely.

Health care facilities should be brought to the people in the community at grass root level effort

of home visit by public worker and giving health talk will be very usefully in the area. Also

attitude of health workers towards pregnant women during antenatal, labour and delivery should

be improved so as to encourage them to patronize the health care facilities.

5.6 CONCLUSION

Research work was carried out to find a study to access the level of awareness on the effect of

home delivery among women of Makarfi local government area.

During the study the researcher find out the complication that arises as a result of home delivery

and also give possible suggestion that will reduce the said problem.
The instrument that the researcher use as method of collection was questionnaire and oral

interview method. According to this study, home delivery is on the increase in Makarfi in Local

Government Area, and to achieve a reduction in this service should be made available and

accessible in the area, there is, need to improve health education on the importance of health care

facility delivery aid the complications that may arise as a result of the problem in order to change

their attitudes towards home delivery.

In addition community perspective of save mother hood which are embedded in local customs

and specific behavioural norms need to be taken into account when strengthening safe

motherhood programmes.

There should be proper arrangement for referral in complications and emergencies these will

further reduce home delivery among pregnant women in the study area.

From the study of the researcher conclude that the practice rate of Home delivery among

Mothers in Makarfi L G A, Kaduna State from 2004 to 2016, there is practice. And the

awareness rate of Home delivery shows that the Mothers are aware of it.

The practice indicates the rate of Home delivery and the awareness indicate the level of Home

delivery.

5.7 LIMITATION

The study is limited only to the women of Makarfi, and the government should add more effort

to aware the women of home delivery.

 - Lack of full co-operation from the respondent in filling the questionnaire.

- Finance was one of the limitation especially transportation during the course of the

researcher.

5.8 RECOMMENDATIONS

 Information, education and communication campaigns needs to be launched aggressively

by health workers to raise or increase awareness in the community in order to reduces

home delivery and some cultural practices that are affecting the health of pregnant

women in the study area. Also the likely complication that may arise should be stress so

that their spirit will be stimulated to respond to health care facilities delivery and other

treatment.

 As the researcher has visited the available health facilities around the areas of the study,

she discovered that there are no enough trained health workers in the available facilities

and as such traditional birth attendant are taking care of these women are not trained, the

government should build more health institution for training of health workers especially

midwives.

 The state government should build more clinics in order to provide antenatal labour and

delivery at door steps to woman because some of these women cannot afford health

facility because of distance while to some is because they do not have money for

transportation, there is need to expand not only this system to other areas but also to

improve mother child birth care system at basis health units.

 The local government should provide accommodation and safety of health workers for

personnel’s to motivate them to work in rural area. This applies especially to female

obstetrician, nurse, midwives and lady health visitor.

  The state government should employ should midwives and post them to appropriates

maternity units in order to improve maternal and child health service in the community.

5.9 RECOMMENDATION FOR FURTHER STUDIES

Other student who may wish to emphasis on the research, samples should pick from different

local government of the state [Kaduna]. This will help to know the existence of home delivery

within a specific time period. The student should visit school, house, hospital and market to

know and see whether the women are aware of home delivery, that will be in the next twenty

years to come.
 REFERENCE

Adetokunbo O.L Herbert G.(1973) A short text book for public health medicine for the topics
book power Elst with Amoldmalta.
Hibbard B.M(Ed). Antenatal care in the Principles of Obstetrics 1 st Edition Butter Worth and
Company
J.B Lawson and D.B Steward (1981) Obstetrics and Gynaecology in the Topics and Developing
countries Edward Arnold Lta.
Oho o. and Briggs (1982) textbook for midwives in topics, Edward Amold, 14 bed ford square
London state motherhood (1998) world health forum, an international journal of health
development volume 19.
Tulahar H. Dalism, Pradhnang v (2005): Complication of Home Delivery a Retrospective
Analysis
Ruth and Linda k, Brown (1999) Myles 13th Edition church hill living stone

World Health Organization (1997) Family Reproduction Health Coverage of Maternity care.
 Appendix Questionnaires

Shehu Idris College of Health

Sciences and Technology,
Department of Community Health,
School of Community Health Sciences,
Makarfi Kaduna State

Dear Respondent,

We are final year students of the above institution carrying out a research on ‘‘EFFECT

OF HOME DELIVERY AMONG WOMEN IN MAKARFI LOCAL GOVERNMENT

AREA, KADUNA STATE’ The questionnaire is design for you for the purpose of study kindly

tick (√) the appropriate column provided is to serve as answer to the preceding question all

information given will be used for academic purpose only, rather than any other purpose.

ABDULKADIR MUHAMMAD
CHS/NDCH/17/0071
ZAINAB B. LAWAL
CHS/NDCH/00
 SECTION A (PERSONAL DATA)

Please tick that the answers you think is appropriate in the box provide and comment where it is

indicated for you to specify.

1. Age: (a) 15-20 ( ) (b) 21-30 ( ) (c) 31-35 ( ) (d) 35 and above ( )

2. Sex: (a) Male ( ) (b) Female ( )

3. Marital status: (a) married ( ) (b) single ( ) (c) divorced ( ) (d) widow ( )

4. Religion: (a) Islam ( ) (b) Christianity ( ) (c) Other ( )

5. Tribe: (a) Hausa ( ) (b) Fulani ( ) (c) (d) Others ( )

6. Levels of Education: (a) Primary ( ) (b) Secondary ( ) (c) Tertiary ( )

7. Occupation: (a) Housewife ( ) (b) Trading ( ) (c) Student ( ) (d) civil servant ( )

SECTION B: QUESTION

8. Where does pregnant woman in Tudun Wada receive antenatal care?

(a) Health facilities ( ) (b) Traditional birth attendant ( ) (c) None of the above ( )

9. Has any of your formal relation delivered at home (a) Yes ( ) (b) No ( )

10. Is it important pregnant woman to give birth in a health care facility?

(a) Yes ( ) (b) No ( )

11. Where did you get your information?

(a) Media ( ) (b) Friends ( ) (c) Newspaper ( )

12. What do you think are some of the possible causes of home delivery?

(a) Negligence by medical personnel’s ( ) (b) Poverty ( ) (c) Ignorance ( ) (d)

Lack of awareness ( ) (e) Distance ( )

13. Do you agree that cultural beliefs contribute to home delivery?

(a) Yes ( ) (b) No ( )

14. Has any of your relations had any complication as a result of home delivery?
(a) Yes ( ) (b) No ( )

15. What are the sources of health facilities in your community?

(a) Traditional birth attendant ( ) (b) Private clinic ( ) (c) chemist ( ) (d) Traditional
healers ( )

16. How many health facilities do you have in your community?

(a) One ( ) (b) Two ( ) (c) None ( )

17. Are there through personnel’s in your clinic?

(a) Yes ( ) (b) No () (c) Not sure ( )

18. Please write the appropriate answer in the space provided how should home delivery be
prevented?

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