Theoretical Phonetics

Session 1

PHONETICS AS A BRANCH OF LINGUISTICS

Davydchuk V.

Task 1.

1.Acoustic [əˈkuː.stɪk] - акустичний

2. Articulatory [ɑːˈtɪk.jə.lə.tər.i] - артикуляційний

3. Auditory [ˈɔːdɪtəri] - слуховий

4. Consonant [ˈkɒnsənənt] - приголосний

5. Diphthong [ˈdɪfθɒŋ] - дифтонг

6. Lingual [ˈlɪŋgwəl] - мовний

7. Monophthong [ˈmɒnəfθɒŋ] - монофтонг

8. Phoneme [ˈfəʊniːm] - фонема

9. Phonetics [fəʊˈnɛtɪks] - фонетика

10. Phonology [fəʊˈnɒləʤi] - фонологія

11.Plosive [ˈpləʊsɪv] - проривні (приголосні)

12. Pronunciation [prəˌnʌnsɪˈeɪʃən] - вимова

13.Prosody [ˈprɒsədi] - просодія

14.Psychological [saɪkəˈlɒʤɪkəl] - психологічний

15.Segment [ˈsɛgmənt] - сегмент

16.Syllable [ˈsɪləbl] - склад

17.Vocal cords [ˈvəʊkəl kɔːdz] - голосові зв'язки

18.Vowel [ˈvaʊəl] - голосний звук

2.

1. Pronunciation

2. The communication
process

3. conceptualization
 4. formulation

5. lips, teeth, tongue, palate,

uvula, nasal and oral
cavities, and vocal cords

6. Phonetics

1. Phoneme

2. allophones

3. phonological analysis

4. conditioning environment,

5. articulation and/or sound

similar to each other

6. are in mutually exclusive

or complementary
distribution (C.D.).

II. Questions for Discussion:

1.Phonetics is the study of speech sounds. It involves description of the possible sounds of the
languages of the world, investigation of how the human vocal tract produces those sounds, and
the attempt to understand how such sounds are perceived.

2.The study of phonetics can be divided into three main branches: Acoustic, Auditory and
Articulatory

1) articulatory phonetics is the study of the way speech sounds are made (‘articulated’) by the
vocal organs;

2) acoustic phonetics studies the physical properties of speech sound, as transmitted between
mouth and ear;

3) auditory phonetics studies the perceptual response to speech sounds, as mediated by ear,
auditory nerve and brain.

3.Phonetics is the study of speech sounds as physical entities (their articulation, acoustic
properties, and how they are perceived), and phonology is the study of the organization and
function of speech sounds as part of the grammar of a language.

4.A phoneme is the smallest unit of sound that may cause a change of meaning within a
language but that doesn't have meaning by itself. A morpheme is the smallest unit of a word that
provides a specific meaning to a string of letters (which is called a phoneme).a sound in terms of
the movements of the organs of speech, the physical properties of the sound produced and the
features perceived by the listener.

5.The definitions of the phoneme vary greatly.

V.A.Vassilyev: The phoneme is a smallest unit capable of distinguishing one word from another
word, one grammatical form of word from another.

B. Bloch: phoneme is a class of phonemically similar sounds contrasting and mutually exclusive
with all similar classes in the language.

R. Jacobson: phoneme is a minimal sound by which meaning may be discriminated.

L.V. Shcherba: the phoneme may be viewed as a functional, material and abstract unit.

6.A phoneme is a set of allophones or individual non-contrastive speech segments. Allophones

are sounds, whilst a phoneme is a set of such sounds. Allophones are usually relatively similar
sounds which are in mutually exclusive or complementary distribution (C.D.).

7.A phonological opposition is of course formed between distinctive units (relevant features,
phonemes, archiphonemes, tonemes, architonemes) in respect of individual languages.