Module 8: Human Behavior in Organization

TOPICS

PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT

● Performance Management

● Staffing

● Training Career Planning and Development

● Performance Appraisal

● Methods of Performance Appraisal

● Rewards

PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT
- It refers to the procedures and systems designed to improve employee outputs and
performance, often through the use of economic incentive systems.

IMPROVING EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE

To improve employee performance:

1. Goal setting
2. Streamlined organizational structure
3. Better technology
4. New arrangements of working schedule
5. High involvement of employees
6. Better motivation of employees

STAFFING

- It refers to the HR planning, acquisition, and development aimed at providing the talent
necessary for organizational success.

STAFFING PROCESS

● Job Analysis - a technical procedure used to define the duties, responsibilities, and
accountabilities of a job.
● Recruitment- designed to locate and attract job applicants for particular positions.
 ● Selection - assessing and choosing among job candidates.

● Socialization- orienting new employees to the organization and its work units.

Job Analysis

● Job description- A written statement that contains information concerned with the job. (e.g.,
task, duties, activities, and performance results)
● Job specification- A written statement that identifies the following:

1. Education and experience

2. Technical knowledge

3. Interpersonal and communication skills

4. Physical aptitudes and abilities

5. Analytical aptitudes and abilities

6. Creative abilities

Internal Recruitment

- It is a process for attracting job applicants from those currently working for the firm.
● Methods
- Computerized career progression system (CCPS)
- Supervisor recommendations
- Job posting
- Career development systems

External recruitment

- It is a process of attracting job applicants from outside of the organization. It brings new blood
and fresh ideas to the organization.
● Methods
- Employee referrals
- Applicant-initiated recruitment
- Help-wanted advertisements
- Private employment agencies and executive search firms
- Campus recruiting
Selection

- Process in selecting job candidates:

● Completing the application form

● Conducting an interview

● Completing any necessary tests

● Background investigation

● Physical and medical examination

● A decision to hire or not

TRAINING AND CAREER PLANNING & DEVELOPMENT

Training

- A process of changing employee behavior, attitudes, or opinions through some type of guided
experience.
1. On-the-job training - training method that is conducted while employees
perform job related task.
2. Off-the-job training - type of training method that deals with work skills in
settings away from their ordinary work place.

Career Planning and Development

Career

- pattern of work-related experiences that span the course of a person’s life.

Career Stages:

1. Establishment stage
2. Advancement stage
3. Maintenance stage
4. Retirement stage

PERFORMANCE

- It refers to the degree of accomplishment of the tasks that make up an employee’s job.

PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL

- A process of evaluating the performance of employees, sharing that information with them, and
searching for ways to improve their performance.
 - Performance appraisal is a key aspect of performance management.

Determinants

Efforts

-results from being motivated, refers to the amount of energy an employee uses in performing a job.

Abilities
- personal characteristics used in performing a job.

Role Perception
- refers to the direction in which employee believe they should channel their efforts on their job.

Criteria

1. Individual task outcomes

2. Behavior
3. Traits

Process

- Determining and communicating to employees how they are performing their jobs.
- Establishing a plan for their improvement.
METHODS OF PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL
1. Essay Appraisal
2. Critical Incident Appraisal
3. Checklist Appraisal
4. Adjective Rating
5. Likert Scale Appraisal
6. Forced Choice Method
7. Paired Comparison
(Mga mare wala na talaga itong ililinaw HUHUH)
PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL ERRORS

● Leniency - is the grouping of ratings at the positive end of the performance scale instead of
spreading them throughout the scale.
● Central Tendency - occurs when performance appraisal statistics indicate that most employees
are evaluated similarly as doing average or above-average work.
● Recency - occurs when performance evaluations are based on work performed most recently.

Other Common Error:

 ● Halo Error - rating error that occurs when a rater assigns ratings on the basis of an overall
impression (positive or negative)
● Personal Bias Error- occurs when a rater allows specific biases.

REWARDS

It is used to ensure an effective performance.

Types:

1. Intrinsic or Extrinsic
A. Intrinsic reward- are those that the worker receives from the job itself such as pride in one’s
work, feeling of accomplishment or being part of the team.

B. Extrinsic reward- are those that the workers get from the employer such as money, promotion
or benefits.

2. Financial or Nonfinancial
A. Financial rewards - are those that enhance an employee's financial well-being directly in wages,
bonuses, profit sharing and the likes.

B. Nonfinancial rewards- are indirect enhancement of an employee's financial well-being like

pension plans, paid vacation, etc.

3. Performance-based or Membership-based
A. Performance-based rewards - are those given using performance as basis.

B. Membership- based rewards - refer to those that are given to all employees regardless of
performance.