Lit

Foreign:

1. According to Kaithwas, One issue that has received little attention in our society is sexual harassment
since the silence around it is more louder than the victim's muted cries for help. There is relatively little
knowledge of this topic, and such ignorance is no longer bliss. Talking about the issue is the most
effective solution.

The root cause of sexual harassment is the manifestation of male dominance over women, which
supports patriarchal relations. It serves as a reminder of women's fragility and status as subjects. Force
women to conform to gendered norms in a culture where violence against women, both subtle and
overt, is a result of patriarchal values prevalent in society. The biggest obstacle to overcoming and
protecting myself from sexual harassment is the patriarchal values and attitudes of both men and
women.

The problem of sexual harassment at work exists everywhere. Even though sexual harassment at work is
a common occurrence in both India and elsewhere, this is the first time it has been acknowledged as a
violation of a woman's fundamental rights under Article 19 of the Indian Constitution to practice a
profession or to engage in any occupation, trade, or business.

The prevalence of percent Sexual harassment in the workplace is higher than ever. Quid pro quo and
hostile environment sexual harassment, as well as the legal repercussions for the alleged harasser, are
described in the data supplied in this research article. According to the discussion above, most women
are aware of law and process since they are educated and have this information, but they are unable to
apply it to their situation because there is no enforcement at work and no employer awareness effort.
While the complaint cell is mandated by law, it is ineffective, and management has made no attempt to
discuss it. (1)

Studies

Foreign:
Because sexual harassment at work has significant financial implications for both employees and
employers, many businesses have put official rules, grievance processes, or training programs in place as
a response. We know relatively little about the effects of these therapies, however, due to inadequate
evaluation. By examining the relationship between sexual harassment training and employees'
perceptions of what acts actually qualify as sexual harassment, we hope to contribute to this sparse
body of empirical knowledge.

Data and analysis from the United States The U.S. federal government's Merit Systems Protection Board
(USMSPB) is investigating the effects of sexual harassment education on employees' propensity to
classify particular inappropriate sexual behavior in the workplace as a type of sexual harassment,
independently by gender.

They discovered that undergoing sexual harassment training increases the likelihood that people will
view unwelcome sexual gestures, statements, touching, and pressure to go on dates as sexual
harassment, especially men. We also discover a positive correlation between the percentage of agency
employees who receive training and the likelihood that a particular employee defines sexual harassment
to include these types of unwanted sexual behavior.

The findings imply that sexual harassment training programs may be effective in raising workers'
awareness of the problem of sexual harassment. Training appears to be particularly successful in
elucidating men's views about the "gray" area generated by unwanted sexual behavior occurring with
coworkers rather than supervisors. Widespread training within the organization has an effect beyond
that which is attributable to the individual's receipt of training itself. (Antecol, Cobb-clark, 2003)

Local:

1, The peak age of allegations of child sexual abuse (CSA), which is a difficult form of abuse to identify, is
between 13 and 15 years old. An opportunity to include an educational intervention for CSA prevention
was presented by the most recent rewrite of the Philippine school curriculum. The purpose of this study
was to enhance the knowledge, abilities, and attitudes of instructors and students regarding disclosure,
identification, and reporting of CSA. This study is a two-phase proof-of-concept cross-sectional study
that was conducted over a two-year period with 237 teachers and 1,458 Grade 7 students from two
public high schools in metro Manila.

Children who have experienced sexual abuse are at risk for a variety of physical, mental, behavioral, and
social issues that can lead to academic failure, drug and alcohol abuse, and legal issues (Fry et al., 2012;
Fry and Blight, 2016). A sexually abused child is more likely to engage in early sex, experience teenage
pregnancy, and try suicide, and the impacts can appear as chronic illnesses in adulthood, according to
the Metro Manila Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Study data from 2010. (Ramiro et al., 2010). The
enormous societal costs of sexual victimization also highlight the critical need for abuse prevention
(Fang et al., 2015)

In order to offer comprehensive medical and psychosocial assistance to abused children and their
families, the Philippine General Hospital's Child Protection Unit (CPU-PGH) was founded in 1997. Over
time, CPU-PGH has received more referrals for abused children (CPNF, 2014). One out of every four kids
was from one of Manila's impoverished urban neighborhoods.
2009 saw the completion of a baseline investigation of child abuse in public schools in nine provinces,
including Manila. The results of this study's investigation into sexual violence revealed that 12.0 percent
of Grades 1 through 6 respondents and 17.6 percent of High School respondents reported being
touched inappropriately, while 36.5 percent of Grade 4 to 6 respondents and 42.9 percent of High
School respondents reported verbal harassment. 2.4% of high school students reported being coerced
into having sex. In this study, peers made up the majority of the offenders. (Madrid, et al 2020)