GROUP 5 | CEM-4201

C E M 4 0 4

CASE TOOLS:
MATRICES, HIERARCHIES,
PROCESS MODELING,
RELATIONSHIP FRAMEWORK

DATA BASE MANAGEMENT IN CONSTRUCTION

MARCH 2024
GROUP 5 | CEM-4201

THE REPORTERS

MARIA MARIZ C. CHARYSE JEAN A. REYNARD A. DAZEL B.

AREVALO DE ROXAS HASTA RODRIGUEZ
GROUP 5 | CEM-4201

OBJECTIVES
Understand what are CASE tools and their role in
OBJECTIVE 1:
database management

Identify the various CASE tools integrated within the

OBJECTIVE 2:
database management system

Recognize the significance of these CASE tools in

OBJECTIVE 3:
effective database management
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TOPIC OUTLINE:
I. CASE TOOLS
WHAT CASE STANDS FOR?
WHAT ARE CASE TOOLS?
WHO USES CASE TOOLS?
WHAT ARE THE VARIOUS TYPES OF CASE TOOLS?
HOW DO ORGANIZATIONS USE CASE TOOLS?
WHY DO WE USE CASE TOOLS?
WHAT ARE THE COMPONENTS OF CASE TOOLS?

II. MATRICES
MATRIX DIAGRAM OR CHART TOOLS
WHAT IS A MATRIX DIAGRAM OR CHART?
WHAT ARE THE TYPES OF INFORMATION YOU CAN ANALYZE IN A MATRIX DIAGRAM?
WHAT ARE THE TYPES OF MATRIX CHARTS?
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TOPIC OUTLINE:
III. PROCESS MODELING
WHAT IS THE DEFINITION OF PROCESS MODELING?
WHAT ARE THE ADVANTAGES/BENEFITS OF USING PROCESS MODELING?
WHAT ARE EXAMPLES OF USING PROCESS MODELING IN ORGANIZATIONS?
WHY IS IT IMPORTANT TO HAVE PROCESS MODELING SOFTWARE?

IV. HIERARCHIES
WHAT ARE HIERARCHICAL MODELS?
WHAT ARE THE ADVANTAGES/BENEFITS OF USING HIERARCHICAL MODELS?
WHAT ARE THE DISADVANTAGES OF USING HIERARCHICAL MODELS?

V. RELATIONSHIP FRAMEWORK
WHAT ARE RELATIONAL DATABASE MODELS?
WHAT ARE THE ADVANTAGES OF USING RELATIONAL DATABASE MODELS?
WHAT ARE THE DISADVANTAGES OF USING RELATIONAL DATABASE MODELS?
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CASE TOOLS
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COMPUTER T
O
Aided O
Software L
Engineering S
 WHAT ARE CASE TOOLS?

Use of software tools in the development and

maintenance of software
Sets of software application programs that are
used to automate SDLC (Software Development Life
Cycle), activities
Provide automated support
A software to develop another software
 Software Project Managers
WHO USES
Analysts
CASE TOOLS? Engineers

Analysis Tools
Design Toos
WHAT ARE THE VARIOUS
Project Management Tools
TYPES OF CASE TOOLS?
Database Management Tools
Documentation Tools
how do organizations USE case tools?

Standardize the development process

RAD: Rapid Application Development
Testing
Documentation
Project Management
Reduce maintenance cost
Increase productivity
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WHY DO WE USE CASE TOOLS?

Accelerates development of projects
Helps in many different development stages
Prepare a good end-product
Fulfill requirements
Analyze a problem
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COMPONENTS OF CASE TOOLS

CASE tool parts based on their use at a particular SDLC stage:

01 Central Repository 02 Upper Case Tools

Source of common, For planning, analyzing and
integrated and consistent designing of SDLC
information

03 Lower Case Tools 04 Integrated Case Tools

Implementation, testing and Gathering and testing
maintenance documentation
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MATRICES
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EXAMPLE

Matrices Employee ID Name Deoartment Salary

In the context of database

1 John Doe Sales Php 20,000.00
management, matrices typically
refer to two-dimensional arrays or
2 Jane Smith HR Php 30,000.00
tables that organize data in rows
and columns. These matrices are
3 Alex Wong IT Php 40,000.00
also known as tables in the
database world.

Database for Storing Information

About Employees in a Company
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Matrix Diagram or Chart Tools

Matrix diagrams offer a visual aid for project managers to

comprehend these relationships between various processes,
programs, and personnel within a project more clearly. By utilizing
matrix diagrams, project managers can make more informed
decisions and effectively navigate their projects towards
successful completion.
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What is Matrix Diagram or Chart?

- defined as a new management planning tool used to analyze

and visually represent the relationships between different sets
of data.

- enable the comparison of two or more groups of elements, or

elements within a single group.

- serve as a powerful tool for visualizing complex relationships,

especially those involving many-to-many connections.
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What are the types of information you

can analyze in a matrix diagram?

DATA FUNCTIONS CONCEPTS

Matrix diagram can analyze Useful for examining the Help you explore the
numerical or categorical data, relationships between connections between abstract
such as sales figures, survey different functions or concepts or ideas.
responses, or demographic processes within a system or
information. organization.
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What are the types of information you

can analyze in a matrix diagram?

PEOPLE MATERIALS EQUIPMENT

Matrix diagram can analyze In fields such as Matrix diagrams are also
relationships between manufacturing or engineering, valuable for analyzing
individuals or groups within a matrix diagrams can be used relationships between various
social network, organization, or to analyze the relationships pieces of equipment or
community. between different materials, machinery within a system or
components, or parts. process.
GROUP 5 | CEM-4201

What are the types of information you

can analyze in a matrix diagram?

PEOPLE ACTIONS EQUIPMENT

Matrix diagram to analyze the relationships

between different actions, tasks, or
activities within a project or workflow. This
could involve identifying dependencies,
sequencing tasks, or optimizing resource
allocation.
 GROUP 5 | CEM-4201
EXAMPLE

What are the types of

matrix charts?
There are five basic types of matrix
charts.

01 L-shaped matrix diagram

- simplest and most common When to use it?

matrix diagram, it compares two Use the L-shaped diagram when you need to
sets of data in a two-dimensional compare two groups of items or one group to
itself.
table.
 GROUP 5 | CEM-4201
EXAMPLE

What are the types of

matrix charts?
There are five basic types of matrix
charts.

02 Y-shaped matrix diagram

The Y-shaped diagram relates

three groups of items that are all
related to each other in a circular When to use it?
flow (i.e., A ←→ ←→ ←→
B C A).
Use the Y-shaped matrix when you need to
compare three tightly related groups.
 GROUP 5 | CEM-4201
EXAMPLE

What are the types of

matrix charts?
There are five basic types of matrix
charts.

03 C-shaped matrix diagram

The C shaped matrix relates the

three groups simultaneously in a
three-dimensional cube diagram When to use it?
Use the C-shaped matrix when you need to
compare three groups simultaneously.
 GROUP 5 | CEM-4201
EXAMPLE

What are the types of

matrix charts?
There are five basic types of matrix
charts.

04 T-shaped matrix diagram

This matrix lets you compare

one list (the center “pole” of the
T) to two other groups.
When to use it?
Use the T-shaped matrix when you need to
compare two groups that are related to one
primary list (but not to each other).
 GROUP 5 | CEM-4201
EXAMPLE

What are the types of

matrix charts?
There are five basic types of matrix
charts.

05 X-shaped matrix diagram

The X-shaped matrix is useful

for comparing two pairs of
When to use it?
complementary lists. Use the X-shaped diagram when you need to
compare four groups of items.
GROUP 5 | CEM-4201

PROCESS MODELING
 WHAT IS PROCESS
MODELING?

graphical representation of
business processes or workflows

allows visualization of business processes

a vital component of process automation, as a process

model needs to be created first to define tasks and optimize
the workflow before it is automated
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BENEFITS OF USING PROCESS

MODELING
IMPROVE GAIN ENSURE BEST
EFFICIENCY TRANSPARENCY PRACTICE

CREATE BUSINESS
UNDERSTANDING ORCHESTRATION
 examples of using process
modeling in organizations

HSA Bank – HSA Bank used

process modeling to capture the
current state of business
processes.
 examples of using process
modeling in organizations

Cofco International – They

used process modeling to
visualise the process, which
created an instant overview of
the process. This gave them
end-to-end traceability and the
ability to easily update
processes to ensure compliance.
 examples of how process modeling
is applied IN CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY

Project Planning and

Scheduling
Critical Path Method (CPM)
or Program Evaluation and
Review Technique (PERT)
 examples of how process modeling
is applied IN CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY

Building Information Modeling

(BIM)
a process modeling
technique that involves
creating digital
representations of buildings
and infrastructure
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Why is it important to have process

modeling software?
Using software means you can take advantage of intuitive features like drag and drop
when building your process modelsVISUALIZATION
and collaborate with your colleagues when improving
the processes.

VISUALIZATION ANALYSIS SIMULATION

CONTINUOUS
COLLABORATION VALUES
IMPROVEMENT

MISSION
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HIERARCHIES
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HIERARCHIES
A hierarchical database is organized in a tree-like
structure, with records linked in a parent-child
relationship.

Often used to represent data relationships like

organizational charts or family trees.
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Organization Purpose
Data structured in a Efficient representation of
hierarchy with a topmost data relationships.
record as the root.

Each record has one or more

child records linked to the
parent.

Limitation
Not as flexible for handling
complex data relationships or
structural changes.
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ADVANTAGES
FAST DATA EASY INFORMATION PREDICTABLE
RETRIEVAL MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE

EFFICIENT DATA GOOD

STORAGE PERFORMANCE
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DISADVANTAGES
MAINTENANCE DATA MANIPULATION
LIMITED FLEXIBILITY
CHALLENGES CONSTRAINTS

INTEROPERABILITY STANDARDIZATION
ISSUES CHALLENGES
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Application in Construction Projects

Hierarchical databases can be utilized to represent the
organizational structure of a construction project, with each
department, team, and individual linked in a hierarchical manner.

Procore: Project management software like Procore often

employshierarchical database structures for organizing project
tasks, documents, and communication.
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RELATIONSHIP
FRAMEWORK
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RELATIONSHIP FRAMEWORK /
RELATIONAL MODEL
Also known as SQL databases, RDBMS, and business intelligence
platforms.

Built for handling large amounts of data.

Commonly used in business scenarios.

GROUP 5 | CEM-4201

Users

Software
Database Developers End-Users
Administrators /Programm
ers
 GROUP 5 | CEM-4201 05 Fields
Vertical columns (attributes)
BASIC TERMS representing facts.
06 Domain (Field Specification)

Data Range of allowed values for a

01
field
Raw values in the database 07 Null Values
Fields with no values can
02 Information complicate calculations
Processed data with meaning. 08 Keys
Access specific records
03 Tables
09 Indexes
Collections of entities
Improve database performance.
04 Records 10 Views
Unique horizontal rows (tuples). Virtual tables for data subset.
GROUP 5 | CEM-4201

Types of Relationships
01 One-to-One (1:1) 02 One-to-Many (1:N)
Relationship Relationship

03 Many-to-Many (M:N) Mandatory vs. Optional

04
Relationship Relationships
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ADVANTAGES
SIMPLICITY OF
EASE OF USE ACCURACY
MODEL

DATA INTEGRITY NORMALIZATION COLLABORATION

SECURITY
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DISADVANTAGES
MAINTENANCE
COST PHYSICAL STORAGE
PROBLEM

COMPLEX DECREASE IN
LACK OF SCALABILITY
STRUCTURE PERFORMANCE OVER
TIME
 DESIGN PHASE

ANALYSIS TESTING

CONCEPTUAL DESIGN OPERATION

LOGICAL AND PHYSICAL DESIGN MAINTENANCE

IMPLEMENTATION
GROUP 5 CEM-4201

KEY POINTS TO REMEMBER:

CASE Tools: Computer Aided Software Engineering Tools

Components of CASE Tools
(1) Central Repository
(2) Upper Case Tools
(3) Lower Case Tools
(4) Integrated Case Tools
GROUP 5 CEM-4201

KEY POINTS TO REMEMBER:

Matrices
Two-dimensional arrays or tables
Organize data in rows and columns
Matrix Diagram or Chart
Used for analyzing and visualizing the relationships between different
sets of data
A POWERFUL TOOL for visualizing complex relationships
Types of Matrix Charts
L-shaped C-shaped
X-shaped
Y-shaped T-shaped
GROUP 5 CEM-4201

KEY POINTS TO REMEMBER:

Process Modeling
Graphical representation of business processes or workflows
Vital component of process automation
Importance of Having Process Modeling Software
Visualization
Analysis
Simulation
Collaboration
Continuous Improvement
GROUP 5 CEM-4201

KEY POINTS TO REMEMBER:

Hierarchies
Organized in a tree-like structure
Represent data relationships
Relationship Framework
Also known as SQL Databases, RDBMS, and Business Intelligence
Types of Relationships
One-to-One
One-to-Many
Many-to-Many
Mandatory vs. Optional
“Technology is a useful servant
but a dangerous master.”

-Christian Lange
END OF
REPORT
THANK YOU FOR
LISTENING
GROUP 5 CEM-4201

REFERENCES:
Akhtar, Z. (n.d.). Hierarchical Database (Model, Advantages, Disadvantages) - DatabaseTown. DatabaseTown.
https://databasetown.com/hierarchical-database/

Akhtar, Z. (2021, August 2). Relational Database Benefits and Limitations (Advantages & Disadvantages) -
DatabaseTown. DatabaseTown. https://databasetown.com/relational-database-benefits-and-
limitations/#:~:text=The%20main%20benefits%20of%20using,issue%20of%20speed%20can%20arise

Case tools. (n.d.). https://www.careerride.com/page/case-tools-

663.aspx#:~:text=Central%20Repository,documents%2C%20related%20reports%20and%20diagrams.

Software case tools Overview. (n.d.).

https://www.tutorialspoint.com/software_engineering/case_tools_overview.html

Vanner, C. (2022, January 17). What is Process Modeling? 6 Essential Questions Answered. Bizagi Site.
https://www.bizagi.com/en/blog/process-modeling-and-mapping/what-is-process-modeling-6-essential-questions-
answered

What is a Matrix Diagram: What They Are and How to Use Them. (2019, June 26). Lucidchart.
https://www.lucidchart.com/blog/what-is-a-matrix-chart