Module 4 Arts in The Philippines FINALS

Module 4
Non-traditional Arts
in the Philippines
GE0012
Arts and Humanities
to your second
module!
This module is a combination of

synchronous and face-to-face learning
and will last for four weeks.
Prepared by:
Dr. RUBINA R. NOBLE
Instructor
No part of this module may be

reproduced in any form without prior
permission in writing from the
Instructor/Author.
May 29, 2023

Date Initiated
June 24, 2023
Date of Completion
San Mateo Municipal College
(Formerly Pamantasan ng Bayan ng San Mateo)
Gen. Luna St., Guitnangbayan I, San Mateo, Rizal
www.smmc.edu.ph
Module 4
NON-TRADITIONAL ARTS IN THE PHILIPPINES
I. OBJECTIVES
At the end of this module, students are expected to:
A. Identify the non-traditional arts in the Philippines.

B. Present a non-traditional art of their choice.
II. LEARNING INPUT
Introduction
The Arts in the Philippines are made up of two branches: traditional and non-
traditional arts. Each branch is divided into categories and subcategories. The National
Commission for Culture and the Arts, the cultural agency of the Philippine government, has
categorized Filipino arts as traditional and non-traditional. Each category has sub-categories.
Traditional Arts
Traditional arts in the Philippines include folk architecture, maritime transport, weaving,
carving, folk performing arts, folk (oral) literature, folk graphic and plastic arts, ornaments,
textile or fiber art, pottery, and other artistic expressions of traditional culture.
Non-traditional Arts
Non-traditional arts include dance, music, theater, visual arts, literature, film and
broadcast arts, architecture and allied arts, and design. A distinguished artist is inducted as a
National Artist of the Philippines.
Dance
Dance in the Philippines includes choreography, direction, and performance. Philippine

dance is influenced by the country's folk performing arts and its Hispanic traditions; a number
of styles also have global influences. Igorot dances such as banga, Moro dances such as
pangalay and singkil, Lumad dances such as kuntaw, kadal taho and lawin-lawin, and Hispanic
dances such as maglalatik and subli have been incorporated into contemporary Filipino dance.
Ballet has been popular since the early 20th century. Pinoy hip hop music has influenced
dances, a number of which have adopted global standards of hip hop and break dances.
Filipinos choreograph traditional and Westernized dances, with some companies focusing on
Hispanic and traditional dance.
San Mateo Municipal College Module 4 / GE012/ Page 1

College of Arts and Sciences Prepared by: Maria Teresa Bonggot
Dancers during the Sinulog Festival
Filipinos performing Hispanic dances in an international stage
Dancers during the Pamulinawen
Performers of Moro dances in an international stage

Music
Musical composition, direction, and performance are central to non-traditional music.
The basis of Filipino music is the heritage of the country's many ethnic groups, some of whom
have been influenced by other Asian and Western music (primarily Hispanic and American).
Philippine folk music includes the chanting of epic poems such as Darangen and Hudhud ni
Aliguyon, and singing the Harana serenade. Musical genres include the Manila sound, Pinoy
reggae, Pinoy rock, Pinoy pop, Tagonggo, kapanirong, kulintang, kundiman, bisrock, and
Pinoy hip hop.
Choir music
PUP Chorale
University of the Philippines Madrigal Singers
Depiction of harana

Theater
Theater has a long history, and includes direction, performance, production design, light
and sound design, and playwriting are the focal arts. It is Austronesian in character, evidenced
by ritual, mimetic dances. Spanish culture has influenced Filipino theater and drama: the
komedya, sinakulo, playlets, and sarswela. Puppetry, such as carrillo, is another theater art.
Anglo-American theater has influenced bodabil. Modern, original plays by Filipinos have also
influenced the country's theater.
Promotion for the opera, Sangdugong Panaguinip (1902)
Tanghalang Pambansa (National Theater)
FEU's Art-deco style Auditorium

Manila Metropolitan Theater, a National Cultural Treasure
Visual arts
Visual arts include painting, sculpture, printmaking, photography, installation art, mixed-
media works, illustration, graphic arts, performance art, and imaging.
Painting
Folk painting has always been part of Filipino culture. Petroglyphs and petrographs, the
earliest known folk drawings and paintings, originated during the Neolithic. Human figures,
frogs, lizards, and other designs were depicted. They may have been primarily symbolic,
associated with healing and sympathetic magic.
Other Asian and Western cultures influenced the art of painting. From the 16th century
to the end of the colonial period, religious paintings were used to spread Catholicism. Most
were part of churches, such as ceilings and walls. Non-religious paintings were also known.
Notable work includes Nuestra Senora de la Soledad de Porta Vaga (1692). Wealthy,
educated Filipinos introduced secular art during the 19th century. The number of watercolour
paintings increased, and subjects began to include landscapes, Filipino people and fashion,
and government officials. Portraits included self-portraits, Filipino jewelry, and native furniture.
Landscape paintings depicted ordinary Filipinos participating in daily life. The paintings, often
ornately signed, were made on canvas, wood, and a variety of metals.
After World War II, paintings were influenced by the effects of war. Common themes
included battle scenes, destruction, and the suffering of the Filipino people.
Nuestra Senora de la Soledad de Porta Vaga, a National Cultural Treasure

Basi Revolt (1807), a National Cultural Treasure
The Assassination of Governor Bustamante and His Son (1904), a National Cultural
Treasure
The Parisian Life (Interior d'un Cafi) (1892), a National Cultural Treasure
Women working in a rice field (1902)

Painting utilizing the Letras y figuras technique (1847)
Un recuerdo de la Villa Borghese (1909)
Leonor Rivera crayon sketch Filipina (1869–1937)

(19th century)
The Death of Cleopatra (1881)

Entrance of the Camarin de la Virgen (1720–1725), a National Cultural Treasure
Sculpture
Sculpture is popular in the Philippines. Notable sculptures include Oblation, the Rizal
Monument to nationalist José Rizal, the Tandang Sora National Shrine commemorating
Melchora Aquino, the Mactan Shrine to Lapulapu, the People Power Monument, Filipina
Comfort Women, and the Bonifacio Monument commemorating Andres Bonifacio.
Mary and Child Bonifacio Monument (1933),

a National Cultural Treasure
Other Visual Arts
Commonwealth statue
Rizal Monument (1913),

a National Cultural
Treasure

Printmaking
Printmaking began in the Philippines after the country's religious orders – the
Dominicans, Franciscans and Jesuits – began printing prayer books and inexpensive religious
images (such as the Virgin Mary, Jesus Christ, or the saints) to spread Roman Catholicism.
Maps were also printed, including the 1734 Velarde map. Printmaking has diversified to
include woodblock printing and other forms.
Religious print used for colonialism in the Philippines, 1896
An original copy of the printed Velarde map, 1734
Photography
Photography began during the 1840s, and photos were used during the colonial era as
media for news, tourism, anthropology and other documentation, and as colonial
propaganda. After independence, photography became popular for personal and commercial
use.
Malolos Congress photo (1898) Pre-1863 lithograph photo of Malolos Cathedral

Literature
Poetry, fiction, essays, and literary and art criticism are usually influenced by folk
literature, which focuses on epics, ethnic mythology, and related stories and traditions.
Calligraphy on a variety of media was used to create literary works; an example is Mangyan
ambahan poetry.
Colonial literature focused first on Spanish-language works, and then English-

language works. From 1593 to 1800, most literature in the Philippines consisted of Spanish-
language religious works; examples are Doctrina Christiana (1593) and a Tagalog rendition of
the Pasyon (1704). Colonial literature was also written in native languages, primarily religious
and governmental works promoting colonialism.
Non-colonial Filipino literature was written by local authors as well; oral traditions
were incorporated into works by Filipino writers, such as the 17th-century manuscript of the
ancient Ilocano epic Biag ni Lam-ang. Florante at Laura was published in 1869, combining
fiction with Asian and European themes. In 1878 or 1894, Ang Babai nga Huaran (the first
modern play in any Philippine language) was written in Hiligaynon. Spanish literature evolved
into a nationalist stage from 1883 to 1903; Nínay, the first novel written by a Filipino, was
published at this time.
Literature critical of colonial rulers was published, such as the 1887 Noli Me
Tángere and the 1891 El filibusterismo. The first novel in Cebuano, Maming, was published in
1900.The golden age of Spanish-language literature was from 1903 to 1966, and works in
native languages and English were also popular. Banaag at Sikat, a 1906 novel, explores
socialism, capitalism, and organized labor. The first Filipino book written in English, The Child
of Sorrow, was published in 1921.
Early English literature is characterized by melodrama, figurative language, and an

emphasis on local color.
A later theme was the search for Filipino identity, reconciling Spanish and American
influence with the Philippines' Asian heritage. Portions of Sa mga Kuko ng Liwanag were
published in 1966 and 1967, and were combined in a 1986 novel.
During the martial-law era, works such as Dekada '70 (1983) and Luha ng Buwaya
(1983) criticizing human-rights violations by those in power were published.
Twenty-first-century Filipino literature has explored history, global outlooks, equality,

and nationalism. Major works include Smaller and Smaller Circles (2002), Ladlad (2007),
Ilustrado (2008), and Insurrecto (2018).

Third frame of the Filipino comic, The Monkey and The Turtle (1886)
Doctrina Christiana, 1593
Florante at Laura, originally published in 1869
Noli Me Tángere, 1887

El filibusterismo, 1891
Film and broadcast arts
The film and broadcast arts focus on direction, writing, production design,
cinematography, editing, animation, performance, and new media.
Filipino cinema began in 1897, with the introduction of moving pictures in Manila.
Foreign filmmakers worked in the country until 1919, when filmmaker José
Nepomuceno made the first Filipino film, Country Maiden.
Interest in film as art had begun by the 1930s, with theatre an important influence.
Films made during the 1940s were realistic, due to the occupation years of World War
II. More artistic, mature films were produced a decade later.
The 1960s were a decade of commercialism, fan movies, soft porn films, action films,
and western spin-offs, leading to a golden age during the
1970s and 1980s under dictatorship. These films were
overseen by the government, and a number of
filmmakers were arrested. One notable film made at
that time was Himala, which addressed religious
fanaticism.
The period after martial law dealt with more serious
topics, and independent films were popular. The 1990s saw
the emergence of Western-themed films and the
continued popularity of films focusing on poverty; examples of the latter include Manila in the
Claws of Light, The Flor Contemplacion Story, Oro, Plata, Mata, and Sa Pusod ng Dagat.
Twenty-first-century Filipino films have
examined human equality, poverty, self-love, and
history. Notable films include The Blossoming of Maximo
Oliveros, Caregiver, Kinatay, Thy Womb, That Thing
Called Tadhana, The Woman Who Left, and the film
version of the novel Smaller and Smaller Circles.
A cinema inside a Filipino mall A postcard for the film, Zamboanga (1936)

Various decaying old Filipino films. Restoration of some films have been undertaken by
the ABS-CBN Film Restoration Project
Eden, a former cinema conserved as part of the Malolos

Historic Town Center
Architecture and Allied Arts
Architecture focuses on non-folk architecture and its allied arts, such as interior design,
landscape architecture, and urban design.
Architecture
Filipino architecture is influenced by the folk architecture of its ethnic groups, including
the bahay kubo, bahay na bato, torogan, idjang, payyo, and shrines and mosques.
Western Baroque architecture was introduced by the Spanish during the 16th century;
examples are the Manila Cathedral and Boljoon Church. It evolved into Earthquake Baroque,
used to build Binondo Church, Daraga Church and the World Heritage Sites of Paoay Church,
Miagao Church, San Agustin Church, and Santa Maria Church.
Throughout the colonial era, a variety of architectural styles were introduced; a Gothic
Revival example is San Sebastian Church, Asia's only all-steel church. Beaux-Arts architecture
became popular among the wealthy, and an example is the Lopez Heritage House.
Art Deco is popular in some Filipino communities, and the city of Sariaya is considered
the country's Art Deco capital.
Italian and Italian-Spanish architecture is seen in Fort Santiago and the Ruins. An
example of Stick-built construction is Silliman Hall.
Many official buildings have neoclassical architecture; examples include the Baguio
Cathedral, Manila Central Post Office, and the National Museum of Fine Arts.
Indigenous architecture revived during the late 20th and 21st centuries; these buildings
have become bases for Filipino nationalism. Modern architecture is popular, and examples
include Saint Andrew the Apostle Church and the Manila Hotel.

Earthquake baroque Paoay Church (c. 1694), World Heritage Site and a National
Cultural Treasure
Gothic revival San Sebastian Church (c. 1891), a National Cultural Treasure
Fort Santiago (c. 1593), a National Cultural Treasure
Art Deco Natalio Enriquez Ancestral House (c. 1931)
Neo-vernacular Cotabato City Hall (20th century)

Italian-style The Ruins (mansion) (c. 1990s)
Neoclassical, Beaux-Arts Jones Bridge (c. 1919, rebuilt 1946)
Renaissance revival University of Santo Tomas Main Building (1927), a National

Cultural Treasure
Malagonlong Bridge (1841), a National Cultural Treasure
Baroque Dupax Church (1776), a National Cultural Treasure

Baroque Tumauini Church (1805), a National Cultural Treasure
Baroque San Joaquin Campo Santo (1892), a National Cultural Treasure
Fortress-style Capul Church (1781), a National Cultural Treasure
Barn-style Jasaan Church (1887), a [National Cultural Treasure
Moorish-style Sulu Provincial Capitol building

Spanish-American Lizares Mansion (1937)
Neoclassical-Art Deco Molo Mansion (1920s)
Neoclassical Manila Central Post Office (1928)
Gabaldon-style Negros Occidental High School (1927)
Above-ground walls of the Nagcarlan Underground Cemetery

Buddhist Seng Guan Temple (20th century)
Neo-gothic feminist Molo Church
Bastion-style Baluarte de San Diego (1587)
Churrigueresque Baroque Daraga Church (1773)

Baroque-neoclassical Lazi Church (1857)
Mexican Baroque Quiapo Church bell tower (1984)

Allied Arts
Allied arts of architecture include interior design, landscape architecture, and urban
design.
Interior design has been influenced by indigenous Filipino culture, Hispanic, American
and Japanese styles, modern design, the avant-garde, tropical design, neo-vernacular,
international style, and sustainable design. Interior spaces, expressive of culture, values and
aspirations, have been extensively researched by Filipino scholars. Common interior design
styles have been Tropical, Filipino, Japanese, Mediterranean, Chinese, Moorish, Victorian and
Baroque, and Avant Garde Industrial, Tech and Trendy, Metallic Glam, Rustic Luxe, Eclectic
Elegance, Organic Opulence, Design Deconstructed, and Funk Art have become popular.
Landscape architecture initially mirrored a client's opulence, but presently emphasizes
ecosystems and sustainability. Urban planning is a key economic and cultural issue because
of the country's large population and problems with infrastructure such as transportation.
Urban planners have proposed raising some urban areas, especially in congested and flood-
prone Metro Manila.

Interior of Betis Church, a National Cultural Treasure
Interior of San Sebastian Church, a National Cultural Treasure
Interior of San Agustin Church, a National Cultural Treasure
Urban design for Intramuros, 1734

Balay Negrense interior
Puerto Princesa International Airport interior
Pelaez Ancestral House interior
Calamba Rizal Shrine interior
Marcela Agoncillo House interior

Dapitan Church interior
Wright Park in front of the Baguio Mansion
Dapitan's Mindanao relief map (c. 1892), a National Cultural Treasure
Casa Manila courtyard
Paco Park, a National Cultural Treasure

Plaza Moriones, Intramuros
Ayala Triangle Gardens
Design
Design encompasses industrial and fashion design.
Industrial design
Industrial design has been a factor in improving the Philippine economy. Many artistic
creations are through research and development, which attracts customers. The packaging of
food and other products and the aesthetics of gadgets are examples of industrial design with
the aesthetics of mass-produced vehicles, kitchen equipment and utensils, and furniture.
Design Week has been held during the third week of March and October since 2011.
Various jewelries

Earth-tone bags
Angel ornament made of Capiz shell, silver, and metal
Candle holder inspired by the Philippine cherry blossom, balayong
Rattan rocking chair

Fashion design
Fashion is one of the Philippines' oldest artistic crafts, and each ethnic group has an
individual fashion sense. Indigenous fashion uses materials created with the traditional arts,
such as weaving and the ornamental arts. Unlike industrial design (which is intended for
objects and structures), fashion design is a bodily package. Filipino fashion is based on
indigenous fashion and aesthetics introduced by other Asian peoples and the West through
trade and colonization. Ilustrado fashion was prevalent during the last years of the Hispanic
era, and many people wore Hispanized outfits; this slowly changed as American culture was
imported. Budget-friendly choices prevail in modern Filipino fashion, although expensive
fashions are available for the wealthy. Outfits using indigenous Filipino textiles, without cultural
appropriation, have become popular in the country.

Tagalog royal fashion (1590)
Visayan royal fashion (1590)
Contemporary fashion
Preservation
Museums protect and conserve Philippine arts. A number of museums in the country
possess works of art which have been declared National Treasures, particularly the National
Museum of the Philippines in Manila. Other notable museums include the Ayala Museum,
Negros Museum, Museo Sugbo, Lopez Museum, and Metropolitan Museum of Manila.
University museums also hold a large collection of art. The best-known libraries and archives
are the National Library of the Philippines and the National Archives of the Philippines.
Organizations, groups, and universities also preserve the arts, especially the performing and
craft arts.

Heritage management in the Philippines includes preservation measures by private and
public institutions and organizations, and laws such as the National Cultural Heritage Act have
aided the conservation of Filipino art. The act established the Philippine Registry of Cultural
Property, the country's repository of its cultural heritage. The National Commission for Culture
and the Arts is the cultural arm of the Philippine government, and a Philippine Department of
Culture has been proposed.
Neoclassical National Museum of Fine Arts (c. 1926)
Senate Hall of the National Museum of the Philippines, where most presentations are
held
Learning Activities
Group and individual presentation of any of the non-traditional arts learned.
Assignment
Define the following non-traditional arts and give three examples/types of each:

 dance,
 music,
 theater,
 visual arts,
 literature,
 film,
 allied arts, and
 design
Learning Resources
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arts_in_the_Philippines
 https://www.theartstory.org/movement/pop-art/


Module 4 Arts in The Philippines FINALS

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Module 4 Arts in The Philippines FINALS

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Module 4

This module is a combination of

No part of this module may be

May 29, 2023

At the end of this module, students are expected to:

A. Identify the non-traditional arts in the Philippines.

II. LEARNING INPUT

Dance in the Philippines includes choreography, direction, and performance. Philippine

San Mateo Municipal College Module 4 / GE012/ Page 1

Filipinos performing Hispanic dances in an international stage

Dancers during the Pamulinawen

Performers of Moro dances in an international stage

San Mateo Municipal College Module 4 / GE012/ Page 2

University of the Philippines Madrigal Singers

San Mateo Municipal College Module 4 / GE012/ Page 3

Promotion for the opera, Sangdugong Panaguinip (1902)

Tanghalang Pambansa (National Theater)

FEU's Art-deco style Auditorium

San Mateo Municipal College Module 4 / GE012/ Page 4

Nuestra Senora de la Soledad de Porta Vaga, a National Cultural Treasure

San Mateo Municipal College Module 4 / GE012/ Page 5

Women working in a rice field (1902)

San Mateo Municipal College Module 4 / GE012/ Page 6

Un recuerdo de la Villa Borghese (1909)

Leonor Rivera crayon sketch Filipina (1869–1937)

The Death of Cleopatra (1881)

San Mateo Municipal College Module 4 / GE012/ Page 7

Mary and Child Bonifacio Monument (1933),

Other Visual Arts

Rizal Monument (1913),

San Mateo Municipal College Module 4 / GE012/ Page 8

Religious print used for colonialism in the Philippines, 1896

An original copy of the printed Velarde map, 1734

Malolos Congress photo (1898) Pre-1863 lithograph photo of Malolos Cathedral

San Mateo Municipal College Module 4 / GE012/ Page 9

Colonial literature focused first on Spanish-language works, and then English-

Early English literature is characterized by melodrama, figurative language, and an

Twenty-first-century Filipino literature has explored history, global outlooks, equality,

San Mateo Municipal College Module 4 / GE012/ Page 10

Doctrina Christiana, 1593

Florante at Laura, originally published in 1869

Noli Me Tángere, 1887

San Mateo Municipal College Module 4 / GE012/ Page 11

San Mateo Municipal College Module 4 / GE012/ Page 12

Eden, a former cinema conserved as part of the Malolos

Architecture and Allied Arts

San Mateo Municipal College Module 4 / GE012/ Page 13

Fort Santiago (c. 1593), a National Cultural Treasure

Art Deco Natalio Enriquez Ancestral House (c. 1931)

Neo-vernacular Cotabato City Hall (20th century)

San Mateo Municipal College Module 4 / GE012/ Page 14

Neoclassical, Beaux-Arts Jones Bridge (c. 1919, rebuilt 1946)

Renaissance revival University of Santo Tomas Main Building (1927), a National

Malagonlong Bridge (1841), a National Cultural Treasure

Baroque Dupax Church (1776), a National Cultural Treasure

San Mateo Municipal College Module 4 / GE012/ Page 15

Baroque San Joaquin Campo Santo (1892), a National Cultural Treasure

Fortress-style Capul Church (1781), a National Cultural Treasure

Barn-style Jasaan Church (1887), a [National Cultural Treasure

Moorish-style Sulu Provincial Capitol building

San Mateo Municipal College Module 4 / GE012/ Page 16

Neoclassical-Art Deco Molo Mansion (1920s)

Neoclassical Manila Central Post Office (1928)