Chapter 3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research Design

The research design for the study entitled "Troubleshooting Techniques Used by

Senior High School Teachers in Handling Delinquent Learners" will be a qualitative

research design, specifically a case study. According to Creswell (2011) as cited in

Springerlink.com accessed on May 20, 2023, a case study is an "in-depth exploration of

a bounded system," which can be an individual, a group, or an organization. The case

study design aims to provide a detailed analysis of a particular phenomenon or situation

by collecting data from multiple sources and analyzing it through various techniques.

The case study design is commonly used in educational research, particularly in

studies that aim to investigate specific issues or problems in a particular context. In this

study, the case study design will be used to explore the troubleshooting techniques used

by senior high school teachers in handling delinquent learners.

Moreover, the case study design is applicable in this study because it allows for

an in-depth exploration of the phenomenon under investigation. By focusing on the

experiences and perspectives of senior high school teachers, the study can provide a

detailed analysis of the various troubleshooting techniques used in handling delinquent

learners. The case study design also allows for the collection of data from multiple

sources, such as interviews, observations, and document analysis, which can provide a

comprehensive understanding of the phenomenon.

Therefore, case study design is the most suitable research design for the study

entitled "Troubleshooting techniques used by senior high school teachers in handling

delinquent learners." It allows for an in-depth exploration of the phenomenon under

investigation, which can provide detailed insights into the various techniques used by

senior high school teachers. The design is also commonly used in educational research

and is applicable to studies that aim to investigate specific issues or problems in a

particular context.

Research Environment

The research environment for this study will be selected senior high schools in

the Malasiqui National High School. The study will be conducted in a natural setting

where senior high school teachers handle delinquent learners. The selected respondents

will be from both urban and rural areas to provide diverse perspectives.

Research Respondents

The research respondents will be senior high school teachers who have

experience handling delinquent learners. The teachers will be selected using purposive

sampling. The inclusion criteria for the respondents will be senior high school teachers

who have at least three years of teaching experience and who have handled delinquent

learners for at least two quarters.

Sampling

The sampling technique that will be used for this study is purposive sampling.

Purposive sampling will be used because the researchers will select the respondents

based on their experience in handling delinquent learners. The sample size will be

determined based on data saturation, where data collection will continue until no new

information is being gathered from the respondents. The estimated sample size for this

study is 10-15 senior high school teachers.

Instrumentation and Data Collection

In order to gain in-depth insights into the experiences and perspectives of senior

high school teachers in handling delinquent learners, interviews and observations serve

as the primary instruments for data collection.

Interviews

Conducting interviews with senior high school teachers allows researchers to

gather rich qualitative data regarding the strategies, challenges, and successes

associated with troubleshooting delinquent behaviors. Semi-structured interviews will

be employed in order to provide a framework for the discussion while allowing

flexibility for teachers to share their unique experiences.

During the interviews, researchers will ask open-ended questions that explore

various aspects of handling delinquent learners, such as the specific techniques used,

the effectiveness of different interventions, and the impact of teacher-student

relationships.

The semi-structured questions will be as follows:

1. Can you describe some common delinquent behaviors you have encountered

in your classroom? How do you define and identify delinquent behavior

among students?

2. What strategies or techniques have you found effective in addressing

delinquent behaviors? Could you provide specific examples of interventions

you have employed?

3. How do you establish positive teacher-student relationships with delinquent

learners? Can you share some experiences or techniques you have used to

build rapport and trust with these students?

4. In your experience, what communication strategies have been effective in

engaging with delinquent learners? How do you approach difficult

conversations or conflicts with these students?

5. Can you share any success stories or positive outcomes you have

experienced in addressing delinquency?

 By delving into teachers' perceptions, thoughts, and reasoning behind their

chosen strategies, interviews offer valuable insights into the decision-making processes

and the nuances of their interactions with delinquent learners.

To ensure accurate data capture, interviews can be audio or video recorded. This

approach allows for detailed transcription and subsequent analysis, ensuring that

important nuances and non-verbal cues are not overlooked. Additionally, follow-up

questions can be asked to seek clarification or elaborate on specific points raised by the

teachers, enabling a deeper exploration of their experiences.

Observation

Observations provide researchers with an opportunity to directly witness and

analyze classroom interactions, teacher-student relationships, and the implementation

of troubleshooting techniques. By observing teachers in action, researchers can gain a

comprehensive understanding of how strategies are employed and their impact on

delinquent learners.

During the observations, researchers can record field notes, detailing the

behaviors, strategies, and management techniques employed by teachers. This

qualitative data allows for a rich description of the classroom environment, the

dynamics between the teacher and students, and the overall atmosphere during

interactions with delinquent learners. The following field notes will be used to record

data:

FIELD NOTE on the Troubleshooting Techniques Used by Senior High School

Teachers in Handling Delinquent Learners

Behavior of the Learner

___________________________________________________________________

Management Techniques of the Teacher

___________________________________________________________________

Strategies of the Teacher in Handling the Learner

___________________________________________________________________
 To enhance the validity of the observational data, triangulation can be employed

by combining observations with interviews. This allows for a comprehensive

understanding of the troubleshooting techniques used by senior high school teachers.

Both interviews and observations provide researchers with rich qualitative data,

offering nuanced insights into the experiences, perspectives, and actual practices of

senior high school teachers in handling delinquent learners. By employing these

instruments effectively, the researchers will capture the complexities of the classroom

environment and gain a deeper understanding of the strategies employed by teachers to

address delinquency.

Data Analysis

Ethical Considerations

Ethical considerations are vital in the study on "Troubleshooting Techniques

Used by Senior High School Teachers in Handling Delinquent Learners." Obtaining

informed consent, ensuring confidentiality, respecting autonomy, minimizing harm, and

maintaining a professional researcher-participant relationship are key. Seeking

institutional review board approval, transparency in reporting, and protecting

participants' rights and well-being are crucial. Adhering to these ethical principles

demonstrates a commitment to responsible research conduct, safeguarding participants'

privacy, and maintaining trust and integrity in the study.