ART OF EMERGING EUROPE

 Art has been an integral part in European history.

ANCIENT GREECE
 The Greeks were known to excel in various field and aspects and
society.
 The Greeks were known to place prime importance in the use of
reason.
 The development of Greek Art can be divided into four period:
1. Geometric Period – it was a period when geometric shapes and
pattern have taken the spotlight in the most of the artworks.
2. Archaic Period – placed importance in human figures.
3. Classical Period – it was during this time when the Greeks found
themselves rebuilding their temples and focusing on creating
artworks.
4. Hellenistic Period – the time of Alexander the Great
 Hellenistic sculptures started to emphasize
balance while showcasing dynamic poses
and a number of emotions evoked by the
subjects. One of the famous Hellenistic
sculpture is the “Lacoon and His Sons.”

 The origins of theater and drama can be

traces back during the Greek civilization. The
followers of Dionysus- the God of fertility-
started the Greek theater.
LACOON AND HIS SONS
BY: Agesander of Rhodes, Athenodoros of Rhodes, and Polydorus of Rhodes
 ANCIENT ROME
 The Roman Republic was established around 500 BCE. This civilization
eventually transformed into one of Western Europe’s mightiest
empires. Since they had expanded and covered many territories,
they interacted with neighboring civilizations, particularly with the
Greeks.
 It can be said that Roman civilization came of age during the
Hellenistic Period.
 Ancient Greece had a huge impact in the formation of Roman
culture.

COLLESEUM
MIDDLE AGES
 As the term denotes, it is the period between the decline of the Roman
Empire and the Renaissance. It was a period that is characterized by
ignorance and darkness.
 The printing press came later after the Middle Ages, so copies of the
scriptures were done by hand.
 During this time, great cathedrals were also built. These cathedrals can be
categorized into two periods:

Johannes Gutenberg
 Romanesque (1050-1200), inspired by the
old Roman empire

 Maria Laach Abbey, Germany The vault at the Abbey Church of Saint Foy, Conques, France
Gothic (1200-1500), which had a more northern flavor from the
Goths-vulgar and barbarian.

Rose window and facade of Bourges Cathedral with flying

Chartres Cathedral (1194-1220) buttresses (1195-1230)
RENAISSANCE ART

 During this period, artist valued the “individual” as a subject of

arts. The influence of humanism shifted the focus of some
artworks during the Renaissance Period to empower the
“individual.”
 Most artwork emphasized naturalism, which was also an
influence of humanism since there was a great emphasis on
the proportionality of the human body.
 Naturalism is a philosophical viewpoint according to which
everything arises from natural properties and causes, and
supernatural or spiritual explanations are excluded or
discounted.
 During the Renaissance Period, there was also a revival of
Roman theatrical plays.

 Roman mosaic depicting actors Mosaic of theatrical mask

and an aulos player
(House of the Tragic Poet, Pompeii)
MANNERISM
 Mannerism was a period in art history, which was a product of the Renaissance
Period.
 Most artworks during this period displayed distorted figures, two-dimensional
spaces, discordant hues and colors, and lack of defined focal point.

Mannerism:
Bronzino (1503–
1572)
• Madonna with the Long Neck (1534–40)
By: Francesco Mazzola or, more commonly,
as Parmigianino
BAROQUE AND THE ROCOCO
 The term “baroque” is derived from the Portuguese term barocco which is
translated as “irregularly shaped pearl.” Which according to some
historians was a response to Protestantism. This period roughly spanned
from 1600 to 1750.
 Most artists used colorful palettes and ornamentation in their works.
 Expansion was the central theme of this period, which became very much
evident in the artworks produced during this time.

BAROQUE ROCOCO
 Aside from art, MUSIC also flourished during the Baroque Period.
 Since the birthplace of this period was in Rome, it did not come as a
surprise that most composers come from Italy.

Antonio Arcangelo Caludio

VIVALDI CORELLI MONTEVERDI
 Eventually, the influence of Baroque spread outside Italy and reached
other parts of Europe. Other well-known Baroque composers include
Germany’s Bach and Handel.

Johann Sebastian BACH George Friderick HANDEL

NEOCLASSICISM
 There seems to be a debate among historians as to the beginnings of modern art.
There are accounts that would attribute for the emergence of this kind of art
during the French Revolution in 1789.
 Neoclassicism was a movement in Europe that transpired during the late
eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries.

 Anton Raphael Mengs, Judgement of Paris, c. 1757, bought by Catherine the

Great from the studio
ROMANTICISM
 Romanticism, as an art movement, used the central themes of Neoclassicist
artworks as a springboard.
 During the Age of Revolutions, there has been a tremendous focus on patriotic
and nationalistic movements.
 The major and central themes of Romanticism movement include the emphasis
on the goodness of mankind. Artists also emphasized emotions and feelings of
man, which was a deviation from the humanist principle of rationalism.

 Eugène Delacroix, Death of Sardanapalus, 1827, taking its Orientalist subject from
a play by Lord Byron
REALISM
 Realism as style of work focuses on the accuracy of details that
depicts and somehow mirrors reality.
 Realism as modern movement in art veered away from traditional
forms of art. In a way, it revolutionized themes and techniques in
paintings.
 Idealistic concepts and images were replaced by real manifestations
of society.

Ilya Repin,
Barge Haulers on the Volga,
1870–73
IMPRESSIONISM
 The impressionism movement started in France, which
led to a break from the tradition in European painting.
Impressionism is a style of painting that emerged in the
mid-to late 1800s.
 The Father of impressionism is Claude Monet

Claude Monet, Impression,

soleil levant (Impression, Sunrise),
1872,
 POST-IMPRESSIONISM
 It is an art movement that emerged in France, which is a result of both the influence
and rejection of impressionist but later on saw the inherent limitations and flaws of
impressionism.
 Father of post impressionism is Paul Cezanne

Some of the famous post-impressionism artists:

PAUL CEZANNE GEORGES SEURAT PAUL GAGUGIN VINCENT VAN GOGH

 POST-IMPRESSIONISM

Reproduction by Paul Cezanne

Starry Night by Vincent Van Gogh
NEO-IMPRESSIONISM
 As an art movement, neo-impressionism is considered as a response to a
empirical realism of impressionism.
 The leading figure in neo-impressionism was Georges Seurat who recorded
optical sensation on a more scientific manner. His color theories paved the
way for the technique called pointillism.
 Pointillism is a technique of painting in which small, distinct dots of color are
applied in patterns to form an image.
Other neo-impressionist artists:

Henri-Edmond Cross Maximilien Luce Camille Pissarro

NEO-IMPRESSIONISM

Georges Seurat (1859–1891) “A

Henri-Edmond Cross' 'Mediterranean Shores'
Sunday on La Grande Jatte”
(1895)
 ART NOUVEAU
 This ornamental style of art was a break from the conservative historicism,
which was the prevailing and dominant theme of most Western artworks.
 In most works, the defining characteristic of Art Nouveau is the
asymmetrical line that usually is in the form of insect wings or flower stalks.

“Redhead Among Flowers”

by Alphonse Mucha
FAUVISM
 This is a style of painting that emerged in France around the
turn of the twentieth century.

Henri Matisse. Woman with a Hat, 1905

CUBISM
 French artists Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque introduced a new visual arts called
Cubism. This style would later on have a huge influence on artists during the twentieth
century.
 Cubists highlighted the two-dimensional surface of the picture plane.
 Cubists emphasize that they are not in any way obliged to copy texture, form, color,
and space. They presented a new depiction of reality that may appear fragmented
objects for viewers.

Pablo Picasso, 1910, Girl with a Mandolin

 FUTURISM
 It is an early twentieth century art movement that started in Italy, which highlighted
the speed, energy, dynamism, and power of machines. In addition, common
themes for works in this movement are restlessness and the past-space of modern
life.
 The greatest impact of futurism is evident in poetry and visual arts.
 Italian poet and editor Filippon Tommaso Marinette coined the term “futurism.”

Severini, Gino (1883-1966) - 1912

Dynamic Hieroglyphic of the Bal Tabarin