Various

Art
Moveme
nts
ART MOVEMENT
It refers to the tendency of style in art that has a
specific common philosophy or goal.

It is followed by a group of artists during a restricted

period of time (from a few months to a decade) with
the heyday of such movement.

Art movement are very important in modern art

when each consecutive movement is considered a
new avant-garde.
 CAVE ART
 Cave art, generally, the numerous paintings
and engravings found in caves and shelters dating back to
the Ice Age (Upper Paleolithic), roughly between 40,000
Prehistoric Cave Painting in Lascaux, France
and 14,000 years ago.
 The first painted cave acknowledged as being Paleolithic,
meaning from the Stone Age, was Altamira in Spain. The
art discovered there was deemed by experts to be the work
of modern humans (Homo sapiens). Most examples of
cave art have been found in France and in Spain, but a few
are also known in Portugal, England, Italy, Romania,
Germany, Russia and Indonesia. The total number of
known decorated sites is about 400.

Bison Drawing at Altamira Cave

 EGYPTIAN
Characteristics ART
 Art with afterlife focus
Ancient Egyptian religion was based on a firm belief in the afterlife.
Rather than a complete cessation of life, death was taken as a
temporary interruption. They strongly believed that eternal life was
possible through the means of piety and mummification.
 Pyramids and tomb painting
The Egyptians made the most elaborate and beautiful tombs for their
pharaohs. In fact, ancient Egypt boasted the most remarkable memorial
tombs of all, most of which still survive today: the pyramids. There are
a number of famous pyramid tombs, noticeably three massive tombs
from the fourth dynasty. But even more spectacular are the paintings
engraved inside them, often depicting the journey of the deceased into
the afterlife.
 GREEK ART
Characteristics
● Greek idealism: balance, perfect ● Architectural orders (Doric, Ionic,
proportion Corinthian)
 Greek idealism is not how the world  Remember that Doric has a plain
really is, but rather, a perfect ideal capital, Ionic a scroll and Corinthian an
world, which was the answer to their elaborate one topped with leaves and small
success. The ideas of the Greeks scrolls.
were created from their mind as
opposed to external reality
composed of other outside forces.
Parthenon

Discobolus
Doryphoros (Spear
Bearer)

Phidias: sculpture of Heracles

 ROMAN ART
Characteristics
● Roman Realism: Practical and ● The Arch
 The Roman arch was the foundation of
Down to Earth
Rome's architectural mastery and massive
 The Romans were most interested in
expanse of building projects across the ancient
portraiture: in making statues that world. It allowed the Romans to make bigger
really looked like on particular buildings, longer roads, and better aqueducts.
person, especially someone who is The Roman arch is the ancestor of modern
famous. architecture.
 Romans looked at the opposite end
of the spectrum of what Greek Art
looked like. Romans and Roman Art
were more interested in reality of the
human body, even though they were
heavily inspired by Greek Art.
RENAISSANCE ART
(noblest of ancient traditions)
It emerged as a distinct style in Italy in about 1400.
Renaissance art took as its foundation the art of classical
antiquity but later transformed that tradition by absorbing
recent development in the art of northern Europe by
applying contemporary scientific knowledge.
 The Renaissance is divided into three (3)
periods
1. Early Renaissance
(13-14th century
Early renaissance placed emphasis on
simplicity gesture and expression.
Painting depicted man and nature in
Fresco technique.
Early renaissance art was created in
parallel with late medieval art. The
influences upon the development of
Renaissance men and women in the
early 15th century are those that also
affected Philosophy, Literature,
Architecture, Theology, Science,
Government, and other aspects of
society.
2. High Renaissance
(16th century)
Its center was in Florence, Venice
and Roman Painting style consists of
the deepening of pictorial space,
making the sky more dramatic with
dark and flashes of light. Da Vinci
introduced the chiaroscuro.
Michelangelo dramatized the position
figures in his famous contrapuesto
twists.
3. MannerismPeriod
(Late Renaissance
Period)
The human figure is rendered through
the use of oil paints of sumptuous,
warm, and sensual colors. This period
which existed around 1520 and lasted
about the end of the 16th century in
Italy, when the Baroque style began
to replace it. Northern Mannerism
continued into the early 17th century.
 MANNERIS
M ART This is known as the Late Renaissance
Period which started in 1520 and continued upto 17th
century. In this art, there are variety of approaches
influenced by famous artists such as Leonardo da Vinci,
Raffaelo Sanzio and Michelangelo. High Renaissance
(mannerism) emphasized the principles of art and design
such as proportion, became an ideal beauty.
 BAROQUE
ART
This art flourished on Europe in the early
17th century up to late 18th century.
(highlyThe ornate andperiod
Baroque extravagant style ofa
in Europe included
number of post-Renaissanceart) styles that do not have all
that much in common. On the one hand, there was a
continuation of the Classicism and naturalism of the
Renaissance. On the other hand, a far more colorful,
ornate, painterly, and dynamic style was born. If one
name had to be applied to describe these different
directions, it is just as well that that name is Baroque—
for the word is believed to derive from the Portuguese
barroco, meaning “irregularly shaped pearl.” The
Baroque period was indeed irregular in its stylistic
tendencies, and it also gave birth to some of the most
treasured pearls of Western art.
 ROCOC0 ART
(graceful style in art)
graceful

Rococo started in the 18th century in France

during the reign of King Louis XV. This art quickly
spread to other parts of Europe particularly Bavaria,
Austria, Germany, and Russia.
Rococo painting placed emphasis
voluptuousness and picturesque and intimate
presentation of farm and country. The Rococo art
technique made use of soft pastel colors, rendering the
landscape smoking and hazy with the subject always in
the center of the canvas.
Famous Rococo painters were Jean Antoine
Watteau, Jean Honore Fraginard, William Hogarth,
Joshua Reynolds and Francois Boucher.
 NEO-CLASSICISM
ART This art movement started in Rome in the
(based
mid-18th oncentury.
simplicity and symmetry
Neoclassicism in art)
was considered the
“highest rank given to Western movements in the
decorative and visual arts, literature, theatre, music, and
architecture.
The main neoclassical movement occured in
the 18th century which coincided with the Age of
Enlightenment and continued until the 19th century. In
the field of architecture, the art style continued up to the
21st century.
NEO-IMPRESSIONISM
ART
(science-based interpretation
This art movement was coinedof
by urban
a French
and rural
art critic Felix Feneon in 1886scenes)
when he described the art
movement founded by George Seurat.
POST-IMPRESSIONISM
ART
(emphasized abstract
This art movement qualities
roughly or 1888
began between
and 1905. symbolic content of
Post impressionism art)
encompasses neo-
impressionism, symbolism, synthetism, Cloisonnism, along
with later impressionists. Paul Cezanne was the father of post-
impressionism. Among the post-impressionists were Paul
Gauguin, Vincent Van Gogh and George Seurat.
Post-impressionism art movement likewise
encompasses a wide range of stylistic variations focused on
abstract form and pattern when paint is applied to the canvass
surface. Structure, order and optical effects of color
dominated bright colors show the artist’s feelings and moods.
Images were often distorted disregarding the natural colors
(www.thearthistory.org/movement).
 ART NOVEAU
(emphasis on natural forms and structure)

This art movement was most popular

sometime in 1890 and 1910 but after 1910 this
movement was replaced by architectural and decorative
style known as Art Deco and then by Modernism.
This art noveau (New Art in English) is an
innovative style of modern art that become popular
sometime in 1890 to 1914. This kind of art movement
was very useful in architecture, applied art and
decorative arts. These artistic designs were especially
depicted on birds, flowers, insects, hair, and curvaceous
bodies of women- an indication of making beautiful
things in environment available to everyone.
 FAUVISM
(extremely bright color art works)

Fauvism was the first important art

movement of the 1900s. The fauves flourished as a
group only from 1903 to 1907 but their style greatly
influenced many later artists. Henri Matisse led the
movement. Othe important fauves included Andre
Derain, Raoul Dufy, and Georges Rouault, all from
France.
The fauves did not attempt to express
ethical, philosophical, or psychological themes. Most of
these artists tried to paint pictures of comfort, joy and
pleasure.
They used extremely bright colors.
 EXPRESSIONISM
(spiritual rebirth in a materialistic age)
Expressionism was introduced on Germany
during the first decade of the twentieth century. It has
casts its influence on European artists from 1920 up to
the present. It also seemed to have influenced the
playwrights in English and Filipino in the Philippines.
As can be seen on the work of Amelia
Lapeña Bonifacio “Sepang Loca” (1958). The exponents
of expressionism believed in the necessity of a spiritual
rebirth for man in age that was becoming influenced by
materialism.
The emotional expressions is expressionist
paintings can be described as involving pathos,
morbidity, violence, or chaos, and tragedy. it also
sometimes portray defeat.
 CUBISM
(emphasis in the use of geometrical
shapes)
It is a form of abstraction wherein the object
is first reduced to cubes and then flattened into two-
dimensional shapes. It has been considered the most
influential and powerful art movement during the 20th
century in Paris established by Georges Braque and
Pablo Picasso.
 FUTURISM
(emphasis is on modern society)
Futurism developed in Italy about the same
time cubism appeared in France. Futurist painters wanted
their works to capture the speed and force of modern
industrial society.
 ABSTRACTIONISM
(texture and shapes are more important than
real-life objects)
Abstractionism is used when the artist
becomes so interested in one phase of a scene or a
situation that he does not show the subject at all as an
objective reality, but only his idea or his feelings about
it.
Abstract subjects can be represented
through the following:

a. Distortion
b. Elongation
c. Mangling
 DADAISM
(art is playful and highly experimental)

Dadaism is a protest movement in the arts

formed in 1916 by a group of artists and poets in Zurich,
Switzerland. The Dadaist reacted to what they believed
were utworn traditions in art and the evils they saw in
society, They tried to shock and provoke the public with
outrageous pieces of writing, poetry recitals, and art
exhibitions.
 SURREALISM
(art is weapon against evil and restrictions in
society)
It is a type of art wherein the artist creates
dreamlike paintings that filled with mysterious objects. It
is the opposite of abstraction that attempts to portray the
conscious mind through unconventional means.
 CONSTRUCTIVISM
(as an art)

Constructivism started as early as the 20th

century in Russia. As an art, this is applied in the
construction of social evils existing in the present
society. It is contrasted with surrealism. Surrealism art
emphasizes what is inside a man’s mind. In
constructivism, it emphasizes the reconstruction of the
evils of what society has done to man.
 DE STILL OR
NEOPLASTICISM
(emphasis is pure abstraction using only
The Dutch term for De Still is “The Style.” This
black, white,which
Dutch Artistic movement andwasprimary
founded incolors)
1917 in Leiden,
Netherlands.
Proponents of De Still advocated pure abstraction
and universality by a reduction to the essentials of form and color;
they simplified visual compositions to vertical and horizontal,
using only black, white and primary colors.
De Still is also the name of a journal that was
published by the Dutch painter, designer, writer, and critic Theo
van Doesburg that served to propagate the group’s theories. Along
with van Doesburg, the group’s principal members were the
painters Piet Mondrian, Vilmos Huszar, and Bart van der Leck and
the architects gerrit Rietveld, Robert van ‘t Hoff, and J.J.P. Oud.
The artistic philosophy that formed a basis for the group’s work is
known as Neoplasticism-the new plastic art (Nieuwe Beelding in
Dutch.)
 ABSTRACT
EXPRESSIONISM
(characterized by large canvasses and strong
This is a style of abstract painting that originated in
New York after World War II color)
and gained an international vogue.
Although it has close antecedents in European art, the term was
first applied to the New York School, whose work was
characterized by great verve,e use of large canvasses, and a
deliberate lack of refinement in the application of paint. Strong
color, heavy impasto, uneven brush strokes, and rough textures are
other typical characteristics. In other words, abstract expressionism
departs completely from subject matter, from studied precision,
and from any kind of preconceived design. Jackson Pollock was
one of the abstract expressionist painters of the New York School.
 OPTICAL ART
(uses optical illusion created in black and
white)
Optical Art is op art for short. This is a style
of visual art that emphasize the use of optical illusions.
Op art works are abstract, with many better
known pieces created in black and white. Typically, they
give the viewer the impression of movement, hidden
images, flashing and vibrating patterns, or swelling or
warping.
 POP ART
(uses images of popular culture, as oppose to
elitism)
It started in Britain and the United States
during the mid-to-late 1950’s.
Pop art, art movement of the late 1950s and
’60s that was inspired by commercial and
popular culture. Although it did not have a specific style
or attitude, Pop art was defined as a diverse response to
the postwar era’s commodity-driven values, often using
commonplace objects (such as comic strips, soup cans,
road signs, and hamburgers) as subject matter or as part
of the work.
 Post-Minimalism
(artists use unprocessed materials)

This art movement emerged in the late

1970s that employs a variety of arts such as body arts,
process art, conceptual arts, and performance arts.
The post minimalist artists use materials
that are unprocessed, uncomposed, and sagged instead of
using industrial and fabricated materials to achieve the
desired purpose.
 Conceptual Art
(conceptualism)

Following a set of written instructions,

concepts, or ideas take precedence over traditional
aesthetic, technical and material concern.
Some works of conceptual art, sometimes
called installations, may be constructed by anyone
simply by following a set of written instructions. This
method was fundamental to American artist Sol LeWitt’s
definition of conceptual art, one of the first to appear in
print.
 Photorealism
(reproduce the image realistically as possible)

Photorealism is a genre of art that

encompasses painting, drawing, and other graphic media,
in which an artist studies a photograph and then attempts
to reproduce the image as realistically as possible in
another medium.
Although the term can be used broadly to
describe artworks in many different media, it is also used
to refer specifically to a group of paintings and painters
of the American art movement that began in the late
1960s and early 1970s.
 Installation art
(materials are configured to present message
to viewer)
It is a form of conceptual art whereby the
object or materials are configured or arranged in a room
or spaces to present a message to the viewer. The objects
configured may have an impact on the viewer since their
viewers are allowed to experience craftmanship of the
artist. The installation of the objects may only be
temporary unless they are photographed or documented
to be presented as evidences of an artwork.
 Body art
(emphasis is on human body)

Body art is a form of body painting, using

the body as a canvass or artwork employing color
pigments for cultural motives. Face painting, body
painting, and tattoo art are forms of body art that dates
back from pre-historic times. These art forms during the
early times were employed to identify prominent
personalities like tribal chiefs. Modern body art is
utilized as a cosmetic make-up as shown in stage plays,
television programs, in circuses and movie characters.
 Land Art
(emphasis is on earth materials)

Land art is an art movement known as

“Earthworks”, “Earth art” or “Land art” that started in
America in the 1960s by developing man’s awareness of
his relationship with his environment through “thought-
provoking construction” of artworks, that uses materials
such as stones, rocks clay to create artistic imagery. The
purpose of these artworks is to touch the sensibilities of
man towards the environment.
 Performance Art
(use of bodies and voices to convey artistic
expression)
Performance art is an art form that emerged
in the 1970s in America. This art is expressed in many
forms such as dance, music, video, drama, painting, and
film. The artist performs or expresses his art before a live
performance such medium as music and dance,
recitation, music, fashion, juggling and tumbling as
small-scale event or a massive performance spectacle.
 Art
Moveme
nts in
Asia
 Indian, Chinese and Japanese
Art
Characteristics
Serene Meditative art Art in the Floating
Calm, peace and Meditative Art is an World
tranquil opportunity to relax and During Japan's Edo period
(1615–1868) the phrase "the
be creative without the floating world" (ukiyo-e) evoked
pressure of performing. an imagined universe of wit,
stylishness, and extravagance
—with overtones of naughtiness,
hedonism, and transgression.
 Autumn in a River Valley, silk scroll in ink and colour
by Guo Xi; in the Freer Gallery of Art, Washington,
D.C.
Hindu Gods in
Indian Art
The Great Wave Off Kanagawa (Hokusai)