Cyber-Physical Systems

Lluís Ribas-Xirgo
Course 2021-2022
Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
 Cyber-physical system, definition
• A cyber-physical system is an integration of
computation, networking and physical processes

Source: https://ptolemy.berkeley.edu/projects/cps/

© 2020 Lluís Ribas i Xirgo, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona 104544 Sistemes ciberfísics, 2
 Cyber-physical system, operation
• Embedded computers and
networks
monitor and control the
physical processes,
with feedback loops
where physical processes
affect computations and
vice versa
Source:
https://media.springernature.com/original/springer-
static/image/chp%3A10.1007%2F978-3-319-56345-
Source: https://ptolemy.berkeley.edu/projects/cps/ 9_3/MediaObjects/417703_1_En_3_Fig1_HTML.gif

© 2020 Lluís Ribas i Xirgo, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona 104544 Sistemes ciberfísics, 3
 Cyber-physical system,
technology
• The technology builds on
the discipline of embedded
systems, computers and
software embedded in
devices whose principle
mission is not computation,
such as cars, toys, medical
devices, and scientific
instruments. Source:
https://devicesmart.files.wordpress.com/2014/05/cps11.jpg

Source: https://ptolemy.berkeley.edu/projects/cps/

© 2020 Lluís Ribas i Xirgo, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona 104544 Sistemes ciberfísics, 4
 Source: https://ptolemy.berkeley.edu/projects/cps/
© 2020 Lluís Ribas i Xirgo, Universitat Autònoma de
© 2020 Lluís Ribas i Xirgo, UAB Barcelona 104544 Sistemes ciberfísics, 5
 Cyber-physical systems, and the city
• Data collection
• Using e.g. smartphones,
infrastructure devices, …
• Privacy
• Collecting e.g.
traffic conditions,
the occupancy of parking spaces,
air/water quality information,
the structural health of bridges,
roads, or buildings,
the location and status of
city resources including
transportation vehicles,
police officers, or
healthcare facilities.
• Stored in the cloud, big data

Source: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/J.ENG.2016.02.012

© 2020 Lluís Ribas i Xirgo, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona 104544 Sistemes ciberfísics, 6
 Cyber-physical systems, and the city
• Information processing
• Novel and evolving applications
with real-time response
and stringent security
requirements.
• Decision-making
• Sharing, data dissemination
• Unintended consequences
• Exploiting data
• Energy management

Source: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/J.ENG.2016.02.012

© 2020 Lluís Ribas i Xirgo, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona 104544 Sistemes ciberfísics, 7
 Cyber-physical systems, and the city
• Control and optimization actions
• Close the loop
• Control actions
like e.g.
change a traffic light color
• Optimization actions
like e.g.
change a traffic light timing
• Safety
• Actions should not harm
anyone or anything

Source: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/J.ENG.2016.02.012

© 2020 Lluís Ribas i Xirgo, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona 104544 Sistemes ciberfísics, 8
 Cyber-physical systems’ course, goal
• Main goal
Be able to develop a module of a CPS
• Goal breakdown
• Know how control loop closes in urban cyber-physical systems.
• Have notions of the usual requirements of cyber-physical systems,
including real-time ones.
• Understand the aspects of security, reliability and robustness of the systems.
• Know the software development methodology of the cyber-physical systems.
• Understand the different computational models of the systems.
• Have practical skills with the design and manipulation of state-oriented computational
models.
• Know how to estimate implementation costs from the computational models of the systems.
• Have the rudiments of programming for the implementation of control software in cyber-
physical systems.

© 2020 Lluís Ribas i Xirgo, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona 104544 Sistemes ciberfísics, 9
 Cyber-physical systems’ course, contents
• Introduction to cyber-physical systems
• Guarantees in the cyber-physical systems
• Modeling of physical systems: continuous and hybrid systems
• Modeling of computer systems and control
• Architecture of cyber-physical systems
• Design and development of embedded systems
• Multi-agent systems

© 2020 Lluís Ribas i Xirgo, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona 104544 Sistemes ciberfísics, 10
 Calendar
• At Campus Virtual
• Sistemes ciberfísics [MO34734] → Calendari d’activitats

• Weekly Hour\Day Mo Tu Wed Thu Fri

15h00-
16h00 Lecture

16h00- Q1/1003
17h00
17h00- Seminar
18h00 Q1/1003
18h00- Laboratory
19h00 Shifts A/B
19h00-
20h00 Q5/2006

© 2020 Lluís Ribas i Xirgo, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona 104544 Sistemes ciberfísics, 11
 Laboratory organization
• Teams (two people)
• Team work
• Groups (2)
• 611 (A), 612 (B)
• 11 teams per group
• Enrolment through Campus Virtual
• Lab sessions will be held on
611: Sept. 27, Oct. 11, Nov. 8, 22, Dec. 13
612: Oct. 4, 18, Nov. 15, 29, Dec. 20

© 2020 Lluís Ribas i Xirgo, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona 104544 Sistemes ciberfísics, 12
 Laboratory assessment
• Grades
• 0-10 scaled from cumulated points
• Marks breakdown
• At laboratory
• Commitment, work and attitude
• On-lab results
• Off lab
• Reports, follow-up and final

© 2020 Lluís Ribas i Xirgo, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona 104544 Sistemes ciberfísics, 13
 Grading breakdown
• 25% labs (5)
• Teams of two people
• 25% continuous assessment, mid-term tests (CAT)
• Average of tests
• 50% final exam
• 75% if improves final grade with CAT
• Make-up exam if not passed
• Final grade
• Only computed if all grades > 4.9/10
• Limited to 4.5 otherwise

© 2020 Lluís Ribas i Xirgo, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona 104544 Sistemes ciberfísics, 14