OUTLINE FOR RESEARCH WORK

FOR Ph.D. IN
BIOANALYTICAL SCIENCES

Title of the Proposal : Determination Of Ingredients Present In

Cosmetics And Personal Care Products
Having Health Effects Using Hyphenated
Techniques

Name of the Candidate : MS. APURVA PRASHANT BHATKANDE

Basic Qualification of the Candidate : M.Sc. (Bioanalytical Sciences)

Research Guide : Dr. Prafullachandra Tekale

Place of Research Work : G.N.I.R.D, Guru Nanak Khalsa College,
Matunga, Mumbai-400019.

Signature of the candidate :

Signature of the Research Supervisor :

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Determination Of Ingredients Present In Cosmetics And Personal Care Products
Having Health Effects Using Hyphenated Techniques.

Objective: To determine the ingredients possessing health effect in cosmetics and

personal care products using advanced Instrument techniques.
.
Introduction:
Humankind has been blessed with plants to eat, plants for shade, plants to keep the
landscape pretty, to keep the wind away from dwellings, and plants that have been
used as medicines since the time before written history. The health risk possesses by
such ingredients in the products. From the papers reviews, many chemicals remained
arguable in term of safety and its presence in the products. The chemicals are either
added for it intentional purposes or appears unintentionally due to the nature of
chemical itself or due to the manufacturing processes. It is suggested that consumers
aware over the ingredients used in their cosmetic and personal care products and the
side effects it possesses.
With the economic benefit, it is a challenge to manufacturer to provide a good quality
product with low cost and at the same time environmental friendly. Despite the positive
news related with cosmetics and beauty industry, one cannot run from is the fact that the
safety of the cosmetic used is always at top priority. Safety of the cosmetics has become
the major concern. Group of fragrances, preservatives, antioxidants, vehicles, ultraviolet
absorbers, humectants, emollients, emulsifiers, acrylates, hair dyes, and nail polish
components are the most common ingredients in cosmetics. These additive chemicals
are sometimes hazardous and prohibited due to the health risk it possess. Adverse
reaction to beauty products are common reason a consumer was referred to hospital [2].
Most chemicals are added to cosmetic product in the form of preservatives and
fragrances. Some of the preservatives and fragrance are toxic and prohibited from the
usage as ingredients because it can cause cancer, mutation, reproductive toxicity, and
endocrine disruption [2]. Heavy metals are also incorporated to beauty product for many

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purposes. The toxicity of heavy metals is well documented. At low concentration, some
of these elements can cause damage to the internal body organ of animals and humans.
Metal poisoning was reported to cause various mammalian cancers, respiratory diseases,
failures in organ function and intellectual retardation

Most methods have previously determined single preservatives in pharmaceutical or

personal products. The methods that have been published have focused on a small group
of preservatives, but only a few methods have included the simultaneous measurement
of multiple preservatives. Methods for the preservative analysis of cosmetic products
have mainly focused on the determination of parabens. The analysis of more than one
class of preservatives is still a field under development

Methodology:
There are several methods and techniques which can be used the qualitative and
quantitative analysis of ingredients present in personal care products which are the
causes of allergies.

1) The most frequently used technique in preservative analysis is high-performance

liquid chromatography (HPLC), with fewer reports on ultrahigh-performance liquid
chromatography (UHPLC). A reversed-phase system employing octadecylsilane
stationary phases is typically used, with gradient elution by a mixture of water and
organic solvents.
2) Gas chromatography and capillary electrophoresis have been reported much less
frequently, and single determinations have been made using spectrophotometric or
voltammetric methods.

3) Spectrophotometric detection is most common in chromatography and some mass

spectrometry or chemiluminescent detection.

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4) Some Hyphanated Techniques like ultrahigh-pressure liquid chromatography
(UHPLC), UHPLC–tandem mass spectrometry (MS-MS), gas chromatography–mass
spectrometry (GC–MS), GC , solid-phase microextraction (SPME)-GC–MS-MS and
micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) .

5) HPTLC, the off-line planar chromatographic technique, has been employed in the
pharmacopoeias of many countries for identification by virtue of its low-cost, less
dependent on expensive equipment, flexible mobile phase composition and easy post-
derivatization. Combining digitizing the HPTLC image, the acquired in
chromatographic (HPTLC) image, the digital scanning profile and the integrated
parameters) can be used for establishing the fingerprint common pattern of the given
Compound. It can be coupled with chemometrics analysis for more effectively
quantifiable assessing the inherit quality.

1. Identification of Hazhardious Ingredients in Cosmetics and personal Care

Product:
Most chemicals are added to cosmetic product in the form of preservatives and
fragrances to increase the shelf life of the product and to have a good odour and
appearance to the users [2]. Preservatives, the usual term for biocides used in
cosmetics, are chemical compounds added to prevent the growth of
microorganisms. Parabens are the most common preservatives in the cosmetic
especially on cream-based product Fragrance chemicals are the most frequent
sensitizer toward skin in cosmetics product. Linalool is a naturally occurring
terpene, present in large amounts in various plants. Pure linalool is not allergenic
or a very weak allergen, but autoxidizes on air exposure and the oxidation
products can cause contact allergy . Heavy metals can appear as impurities in
finishing products. It is a byproduct during the cosmetics manufacturing process
either formed by the breakdown of ingredients, or an environmental contaminant

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 of raw ingredients . The inadequate purification of raw material influence the
heavy metals impurities presence in cosmetics .

2. Estimation of Chemical and Physical Nature of ingredients by using diffent

analytical techniques
The most widely used preservatives in cosmetic products are a class of
compounds generally referred to as parabens. These compounds are alkyl esters
of p-hydroxybenzoic acid. Fabric phase sorptive extraction (FPSE) is the
technique use for its extraction. etc.A good example is synthetic linalool, which is
chemically identical to linalool that is fractionally distilled from lavender oil, but
it is not derived from a plant.

3 Selection factor
Many factors are considered when choosing which preservatives to use. These
choices are dictated by the product’s other ingredients, desired performance,
product packaging, part of the body where the product is to be applied, as well as
consumer behaviour during use. Preservatives need to be safe, compatible with all
ingredients, soluble, and well-dispersed to optimise preservation. The goal is to
use a minimum concentration to obtain optimal efficacy while avoiding any
safety issues associated with a particular preservative. Different product types, as
well as varying consumer needs, may require the use of different preservatives at
varied levels to prevent product contamination and ensure consumer safety.
Experience and knowledge of the interaction between preservatives and the other
ingredients in a formula is necessary for selecting a successful preservative
system. The product formulation and its intended use dictate the types and
concentration of preservatives to be used for efficacy purposes.

4. Developing Techniques For analysis.

Chromatographic method can be developed or the rapid, simultaneous
determination of preservatives in various consumer products..

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Plan of action:
In the present research, detailed literature search will be carried out to develop the scope
of the work. The cosmetic tonics, products included facial mouthwashes, toothpastes,
creams, body lotions, shaving gels, shower Plant material will be collected from market.
In the next stage of work, analysis of the product will be carried out. During qualitative
analysis, detection of impurities if any will be identified. Also, quantitative analysis of
the same will be carried out by using chromatography and other hyphenated technique..

Expected results:
1) To develop method to determine multiple ingredients in cosmetic and personal care
products. By using short sample preparation and when combined with the optimal
chromatographic conditions, the method allows for a quick analysis time.

2) To separate, identify and quantify ingredients.

References:
1) Determination of Preservatives in Cosmetics, Cleaning Agents and Pharmaceuticals
Using Fast Liquid Chromatography. Journal of Chromatographic Science, Volume 52,
Issue 1, 1 January 2014, Pages 88–94,
2) Draelos, Z.D., 2012, Are cosmetics safe?, Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 11: 249
- 250.
3) Hazardous Ingredients in Cosmetics and Personal Care Products and Health Concern:
A Review, Public Health Research 2015, 5(1): 7-15

Research Student Research guide

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