Chromosomes are structures found in the nucleus of cells that contain genetic material.

They are
composed of DNA and proteins and are responsible for the transmission of genetic information from
one generation to the next. Chromosomes are arranged in pairs, with each pair consisting of one
chromosome from each parent. Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes, for a total of 46.

Chromosomes are the carriers of genetic information. They are composed of DNA, which is a
molecule that stores genetic information. DNA is organized into genes, which are sections of the
DNA molecule that code for particular proteins. Proteins are the molecules responsible for many of
the functions in a cell, including the production of hormones, enzymes, and other molecules.
Humans have approximately 20,000 genes, each of which corresponds to a particular protein.

The arrangement of DNA in chromosomes determines the type of proteins that are produced, which
in turn determines the characteristics of an organism. Different versions of a gene are called alleles,
and different combinations of alleles can lead to different physical characteristics. For example,
alleles determine the color of a person’s eyes or hair, as well as their height and other physical
features.

Chromosomes can also play a role in diseases. Certain diseases are caused by mutations in genes,
which are changes in the DNA sequence of a gene. Mutations can be inherited or acquired during a
person’s lifetime. Inherited mutations are passed down from