3. An economy consists of three sectors: cleaning (C), producing (R) and packaging (P).

To
produce one unit of C requires 0.3 of a unit C, 0.05 of a unit R and 0.1 of a unit P. To
produce one unit of R requires 0.2 of a unit C, 0.9 of a unit R and without any unit of P. To
produce one unit of P requires 0.3 of a unit C, 0.4 of a unit R and 0.2 of a unit P. There is
an external demand of 200 units of C, 210 units of R and 250 units of P. Determine the
production levels needed to satisfy an external demand.
From the provided data, organize them into the matrix A and D:

[ ]
0.3 0.05 0.1
A= 0.2 0.9 0
0.3 0.4 0.2

[ ]
200
D= 210
250

The output matrix is: X =( I −A )−1 × D

[ ][ ][ ]
1 0 0 0.3 0.05 0.1 0.7 −0.05 −0.1
I − A= 0 1 0 − 0.2 0.9 0 = −0.2 0.1 0
0 0 1 0.3 0.4 0.2 −0.3 −0.4 0.8

Det ( I −A )=0.7 × |−0.4

0.1 0
0.8|− (−0.05 ) ×|
−0.2 0
−0.3 0.8|+ (−0.1 ) ×|
−0.2
−0.3
0.1
−0.4 |
Det ( I −A )=0.7 × ( 0.08−0 ) +0.05 × (−0.16−0 )−0.1 × ( 0.08 +0.03 )
Det ( I −A )=0.037

[ ]
|
+ 0.1 0
−0.4 0.8 | |
− −0.2
−0.3
0
0.8 | +|−0.2
−0.3 −0.4|
0.1

|
( I − A ) = − −0.05 −0.1
−0.4 0.8 | |
+ 0.7
−0.3
−0.1
0.8 | −|−0.3 −0.4 |
0.7 −0.05

|
+ −0.05 −0.1
0.1 0 | |
− 0.7
−0.2
−0.1
0 | +|−0.2 0.1 |
0.7 −0.05

[ ] [ ]
0.08 0.16 0.11 0.08 0.08 0.01
( I − A ) = 0.08 0.53 0.295 → Adj ( I − A )= 0.16 0.53 0.02
0.01 0.02 0.06 0.11 0.295 0.06
 [ ]
80 80 10
37 37 37

[ ]
0.08 0.08 0.01
−1 1 1 160 530 20
( I − A) = × Adj ( I − A ) = × 0.16 0.53 0.02 =
Det (I −A ) 0.037 37 37 37
0.11 0.295 0.06
110 295 60
37 37 37

The output matrix is X =( I − A)−1 × D

[ ]
80 80 10
37 37 37

[ ][ ]
200 955
160 530 20
X =(I − A)−1 × D= × 210 ≈ 4009
37 37 37
250 2675
110 295 60
37 37 37

Conclusion:
The approxiamate needed production level to satisy external demand of cleaning (C) is 955 units,
of producing (R) is 4009 units and of packaging (P) is 2675 units.
4. Given the input–output matrix.

Find the output matrix if final demand changes to 780 for online and 390 in-store. Find the
total value of the other way of purchasing that this involves.
From the provided data, divide the internal demand with the total output to obtain the matrix A:

[ ][ ]
100 250 2 5
850 700 17 14
A= =
200 100 4 1
850 700 17 7

D=
[ 780
390 ]

The output matrix is: X =( I −A )−1 × D

 [ ][ ]
2 5 15 −5
I − A=
[ ]
1 0
0 1
−
17
4
14
1
=
17
−4
14
6
17 7 17 7

[ ][ ]
6 5 51 17
−1 1 7 14 40 32
(I − A) = × =
15 6 −5
× −
17 7 14
×( ( )
−4
17
)
4
17
15
17
7
20
21
16

[ ][ ][ ]
51 17 19227
−1 40 32 780 16
X =( I − A) × D= × =
7 21 390 6279
20 16 8

From the provided data, divide the internal demand with the total output to obtain the matrix A:

A=
[ ][ ]
500
850
=
10
17

D= [ 780 ]

The output matrix is: X =( I −A )−1 × D

I − A=[ 1 ] −
[ ][ ]
10
17
=
7
17

( I − A −1=
) [ ]17
7

X =( I −A )−1 × D=
[ ][ ]
17
7
× 780 ≈ 1894.29

From the provided data, divide the internal demand with the total output to obtain the matrix A:

A=
[ ][]
35 0
700
=
1
2

D= [ 39 0 ]

The output matrix is: X =( I −A )−1 × D

I − A=[ 1 ] −
[][]
1
2
=
1
2

( I − A )−1=[ 2 ]
−1
X =( I −A ) × D=[ 2 ] × [ 390 ]=780
Conclusion: The approximate output matrix if the final demand changes to 780 for online and
390 in-store is[ ]
1202
785
, meaning an output of 1202 online and 785 in-store will be required. The
approxiamte total value of the other way of purchasing involved is 2675, with 1895 for online
and 780 for in-store.
5. Given the input–output matrix.

Find the output matrix if final demand changes to (a) 80 for meat and 160 for vegetable;
(b) 112 for meat and 112 for vegetable.
a)
From the provided data, divide the internal demand with the total output to obtain the matrix A:

[ ][ ]
45 40 5 20
117 194 13 97
A= =
50 80 50 40
117 194 117 97

D=
[ 160
80
]
The output matrix is: X =( I −A )−1 × D

[ ][ ]
5 20 8 −20
I − A=
[ ]
1 0
0 1
−
13
50
97
40
=
13
−50
97
57
117 97 117 97

[ ][ ]
57 20 6669 585
−1 1 97 97 3104 776
(I − A) = × =
8 57 −50
× −
13 97 117
×((−20
97
)) 50
117
8
13
25
16
9
4

[ ][ ][ ]
6669 585
−1 3104 776 80 292.5
X =( I − A) × D= × =
25 9 160 485
16 4
 b)
From the provided data, divide the internal demand with the total output to obtain the matrix A:

[ ][ ]
45 40 5 20
117 194 13 97
A= =
50 80 50 40
117 194 117 97

D=
[ 112
112 ]

The output matrix is: X =( I −A )−1 × D

[ ][ ]
5 20 8 −20
I − A=
[ ]
1 0
0 1
−
13
50
97
40
=
13
−50
97
57
117 97 117 97

[ ][ ]
57 20 6669 585
−1 1 97 97 3104 776
(I − A) = × =
8 57 −50
× −
13 97 117
×((−20
97
)) 50
117
8
13
25
16
9
4

[ ][ ][ ]
6669 585
−1 3104 776 112 325.1
X =( I − A) × D= × =
25 9 112 427
16 4

Conclusion: The approximate output matrix if the final demand changes to a) 80 for meat and
160 vegetable is [ ]
293
485
, meaning an output of 293 for meat and 485 for vegetable will be required

and b) 112 for meat and 112 for vegetable is [ ]

326
427
, meaning an output of 326 for meat and 427
for vegetable will be required.