Chapter 8:

The Drama
PADECIO PAJO PERALES
What is Drama?
Drama in ancient Greek meant
something that is acted out, or lived
through. It is essentially social and
involves contact, communication and
the negotiation of meaning.

What drama needs is an individual or a

group of people who use themselves,
their bodies and their minds, through
action and offers through speech to tell
a story.
Miss Saigon
Produced by Cameron Mackintosh of England whose
company received a Queen’s Award for Export
Achievement was staged in the Cultural Center of the
Philippines in March 2001.
The Title “Miss Saigon” was conceived by the
lyricist Alain Boublil and Claude Michel
Shonberg who wrote the musical score.
1. Ancient Drama
Development of
2. Medieval Drama Drama
3. Renaissance Drama

4. Drama of the 17th, 18th, and Drama originated probably among

the primitive tribes in the dance of
19th centuries religious festivals or in mimetic
actions for purposes of showing how
5. Modern Drama a certain feat was accomplished on
a given occasion.
 Among the Egyptians of about 2000 Drama that is know today, in distinct
B.C.E., drama existed in religious forms of tragedy and comedy,
ceremonies for the worship of Osiris. originated in Greece in the festivals

Ancient Drama
of Dionysus in the fifth and sixth
centuries B.C.E.
Medieval Drama
Three Kinds of Medieval Drama:
Mystery Play - based on the Holy Scriptures.

Morality Play - where the chief characters

represented abstract qualities such as vice, humanity,
or death an the tone was generally philosophical.

Secular Drama - deals with everyday characters

such as lawyers, the merchant, the student, the young
wife, and the foolish husband.
 With the rediscovery of classical literature
during this period, the Greek and Roman
Dramatists were imitated first in Italy and
later, withe the spread of humanism, in
France, Germany, and England.

Renaissance Drama
Drama of the 17th, 18th, and 19th Centuries
The most popular genres of drama in the 17th, 18th, and 19th Century were Comedy and
Tragedy. Many playwrights intended to write comedic plays but instead made tragedies.

17th Century costumes 18th Century costumes 19th Century Costumes

were often adorned
with many colorful
pieces, including gems
and pearls.
were often based on
exaggerated versions
of everyday attire.
Common 18th Century
Fashion included simple
two piece outfits.
were often simple but
elegant, with puckering
folds and deep, rich,
and dark colors. They
were very tight fitting
and intricate.
Shakespeare
Shakespeare made most of his plays
during the early 17th Century. His most
famous plays were written in this era,
including:
Romeo and Juliet
Hamlet
All of the King Henry plays.
Macbeth
Modern Drama
Modern drama is a broad term for the
ways that theater developed in the early
twentieth century. It is sometimes
associated with Modernism, an art
movement that impacted more than just
the theater.
 Oriental Drama
Dramas from Asian countries, Like Western drama, the The emphasis is on
like the Japanese, the drama of Asia originated as performance rather than on
Chinese, and the Filipino an elaboration of liturgical the intellectual significance
drama. practices. It is based on the of the subject matter. Asian
concept of sangita (or actors long ago rejected
It will help us appreciate
sammita), the three fold art realistic presentation in favor
Asian heritage, culture, and
of music, dance, and poetry, of abstraction and
civilization more. This is a
fused into single artistic symbolism.
culture or civilization not far
entity.
from those established by
Rome, Greece, or other
countries.
Philippine Drama
Before the Spanish Era

Duplo Drama
Is a poetical debate by trained
men and women.
Karagatan Drama
Is also a poetical debate like
duplo, but its participants
were amateurs.
The first Recorded Philippine Drama
It was stage in Cebu in 1598. It was
comedia written by Vicente Puche in
honor to Msgr. Pedro de Agurto
Three kinds of Plays
Popular to the masses during the spanish era
Cenakulo
It is a heavy drama shown in
relation to the life sacrifice and
death of Jesus Christ.
Moro-Moro
It is a cloak- and - dagger play depicting
the wars between Christians and the
Muslim with the Christians always on the
winning sides.
Zarzuela
It is a melodrama with songs and dance
that have three in one act play. It is
intended to make the mass feeling
towards love, fear, grief, sorrow or any
emotional reactions.
Emerged as Street Dramas during the Spanish Era.

The moriones festival is a Lenten

ritual it is a celebrated every holy
week in Marinduque. Mariones
Emerged as Street Dramas during the Spanish Era.

Ati-Atihan
Ati-atihan festival is a pagon ritual which has
become an annual affair that the natives look
forward to great expectation. It us celebrated every
third Sunday if January in honor of Infant Jesus.
 It was rejuvenated upon the
establishment of the Repertory
Philippines in June 1967 which
founded by Zeneida "Bibot"
Amador and Baby Barredo.

Modern Philippine Drama

Japanese Drama
Traditional forms of Japanese drama
The oldest of the three traditional forms
of the Japanese drama. They developed
during the 1300s from the dance
performed at religious shrines.

Noh plays
It is a puppet drama ,it enjoyed great
popularity between 1650-1730, but now
restricted to the Bunraku Theater.

Joruri play
Kabuki is most famous for its spectacular
effect, it includes scenic effects like storm
and falling of cherry blossom, ferocious
duels and bloody suicides.

Kabuki Drama
Chinese Drama
It goes back to the earliest rituals connected
with sacrifices performed with song and
dance
Vun Pan Shi
The oldest form of Chinese play; it has
patriotism and filial devotion for its
subjects. Music and action unite to
play upon the emotions of the
audience.

Sin Pan Shi

It presents civil and military
conditions. The difference between
Vin Pan Shi and the Sin Pan Shi is the
manner of singing certain roles and in
the tradition of acting.

This is also known as the "modern play."

Vun Min Shi

Colloquial dialects are allowed in the Vun
Min Shi instead of Mandarin, the dialect of
Peking, which isthe accepted speech of the
stage as well as of the nation.
The cinema or motion picture is one of the
most popular form of art and entertainment
in the Philippines.
The Cinema
Philippine motion picture is also a source of
information as well as of entertainment.
Motion pictures can introduce us to new
ideas and help us explore serious social
issues.

Students learn from educational films in

school. Industries use our movies to train
employees and to advertise their products.
Our government uses films to inform and
influence the Filipinos and people from
other countries
 In 1926, Hollywood silent pictures were
shown in the Philippines.

Brief History of In 1927, the Silos brothers made The Three

Tramps, a short comedy, where Miami

the Philippine
Salvador, Manuel Silos, and Enrique
Espinosa played the principal roles.

Cinema
In 1929, Carlos Vander Tolosa wrote and
directed Collegian Love, which was
produced by Angel Garchitorena under
Araw Movies. The stars were Naty
Fernandez and Gregorio Fernandez.
(Salumbides,V.1952).
 World War II and
Philippine Movies
The outbreak of the Second World War temporarily paralyzed the Philippine
movie industry. The Japanese imposed censor-ship on American and Tagalog
pictures before they could be exhibited, and established Eiga Heikusa, a central
exchange for all pictures. They introduced Japanese pictures with subtitles in
English, but most of the pictures were propaganda for the co-prosperity idea of
the Japanese (Salumbides,1982).
From the period of Liberation up to
the present, the local movies have
Present Movie
Development
been struggling hard but gradually
improving. Despite this condition,
there are some local producers who
are creating quality pictures. The slow
pace of the development of the
Philippine movies could be attributed
to some factors like: In spite of these intervening factors,
1. The limited market for local movies Philippine movies can compete with other
2. Lack of capital or funding Asian movies with regard to quality of
3. Inadequate facilities or equipment production.
Elements of Philippine
Motion Pictures
1.

Music and Musical Director

Music has been indispensable in motion
pictures since the very beginning. During
the era of silent movies, every cinema
house employed musicians who played
music that suited the tempo and varying
moods of the scenes as they were
projected on the screen while others
used phonograph records for economy.
2.

Make-up consists of the sticky

substances which are applied on
the face of the actors before
facing the camera.

The make-up of the leading lady should

be lighter than that of the leading man
as well as the supporting players. The
make-up artist should know what to do The hair of the actress should suit the part
and apply inevery type of screen she plays in the picture.
personality.

Make-up, Coiffeur, and Costumes

3.

Acting and
the Stars
Acting is the art of portraying or
impersonating a character. A performer
should forget his own personality and live
the life of the char-acter he is portraying.
4.

Color in the Movies

The latest innovation in cinematography is
color. Color in local movies was attempted in
1941 by LVN Pictures Inc. in Ibong Adarna.
5.

Set and Art Directors

Beautiful setting gives
beauty to the picture and
pleases the eye. Art directors
should know the should the
natural setting and build
artificial sets. The inspiration
from liberal producers and
disappoint the stingy ones.
6.
Sound, Cameras, and Technicians
Technicians exert efforts in making the
dialogue clear and music of fine quality. They
avoid any background noise which is not part
of the scene. Complaints of movie goers
regarding unwanted sounds are traceable to
the defective projectors of the movie houses.

Playback is the method employed when an

actress or actor borrows the voice of another.
For example, if an actor can't sing well, the
voice of a professional singer is used.

The use of camera and the functions of the technician are indispensable in cinematography.
The cameraman is responsible for exact framing, sometimes for screens of more than one type.
thank You!
PADECIO PAJO PERALES