NAME: ______________________________________________ ID: __________________ GROUP: ______

This series of exercises will help you prepare for your final exam. It does NOT mean that it is a guide, nor the
only resource to be considered. Study your exercises, presentations, notes, tasks, CANVAS platform, etc.

CARBON HYBRIDIZATION

I. Complete the following table with the required information according to the different
hybridization types:

No. of Angle
PAGE No. of Geometry No. of Carbon
Carbon pure between
\* hybrid (name and Sigma structural
hybridization “p” hybrid
MER orbitals drawing) bonds formula(s)
orbitals orbitals
GEFO
RMAT
sp3
15

sp2

sp

II. Look at the following semi-developed formula and complete the information:

a. Total amount of sigma bonds in the molecule:

b. Total amount of pi bonds in the molecule:
c. Angle between the orbitals from carbon:
d. Hybridization state from carbon 2:
e. How many hybrid orbitals does carbon 3 have?
f. Which type of carbon is carbon 5?
g. Which geometry is present in carbon 5?
h. How many sigma bonds does carbon 1 have?
i. How many pi bonds does carbon 4 have?
j. Total amount of sp3 carbons in the molecule:
k. Total amount of tertiary carbons in the molecule:
 III. Look at the following semi-developed formula and complete the information:

a. Condensed formula:
b. Total sigma bonds:
c. Total pi bonds:
d. Carbon 1 type:
e. Carbon 2 hybridization state:
f. Angle between hybrid orbitals from carbon 3:
g. Carbon 4 geometry:
h. Hybrid orbitals in carbon 5:
i. Hybrid orbitals in carbon 2:
PAGE
j. Total amount of sp3 carbons:
\*
MER k. Total amount of sp2 carbons:
GEFO l. Total amount of sp carbons:
RMAT
15
COMBUSTIONS

IV. Complete the following combustion reactions, balance the coefficients, and indicate if the
combustion type (complete or incomplete):

a)

b)

c)

d)

e) + scarce energy

f) + scarce energy

CH3 (CH2) 5 CH3 + O2  + H2O + energía

CO2
g)
 ISOMERS

V. Draw a positional isomer for each of the following molecules:

a)

PAGE b)
\*
MER
GEFO
RMAT
15

c)

d)

e)
 VI. Draw a functional isomer for each of the following molecules:

a)

b)
PAGE
\*
MER
GEFO
RMAT
15

c)

d)

e)
 BOILING POINTS – MOLECULE STRUCTURE

VII. Observe the following structures and order them according to the boiling point:

A) Decreasing order:

HIGHER _____> _____>_____>____ LOWER

PAGE
\*
MER
GEFO
RMAT
15 B) Increasing order:

LOWER _____<_____<_____<____ HIGHER

C) Increasing order:
LOWER _____<_____<_____<____ HIGHER

D) Decreasing order: HIGHER _____> _____>_____>____ LOWER

 VIII. FUNCTIONAL GROUPS

Identify the functional group and write the base name ending in its IUPAQ nomenclature

Note: if you have to indicate the position (number) of the functional group write #. For example, alkene,
ending -ene and since the position of the double bond must be indicated, then write #ENE. In functional
groups where it is not indicated, just write the ending, for example, in aldehydes, the ending of the base name
is AL.

1) 2) 3)
Molecule

PAGE
\*
MER
GEFO
RMAT
15

Functional ALKENE
group

Name # ENO ---

ending

4) 5) 6)
Molecule

Functional
group

Name ---
ending
 7) 8) 9)
Molecule

Functional
PAGE group
\*
Name --- ---
MER ending
GEFO
RMAT
10) 11) 12)
15
Molecule

Functional
group

Name ---
ending

13) 14) 15)

Molecule

Functional
group

Name ---
ending
 IX. NOMENCLATURE

1. Complete the following table with the names of the following alkanes, which will be necessary to consider their roots
and conjugate with the endings of the different functional groups (base name).

Alkane No. of Semideveloped Condensed Alkane No. of Semideveloped Condensed

name carbons formula formula name carbons formula formula
1 H-CH2-H CH4 11 CH3-(CH2)9-CH3 C11H24
2 CH3-CH3 C2H6 12 CH3-(CH2)10-CH3 C12H26
3 CH3-CH2-CH3 C3H8 13 CH3-(CH2)11-CH3 C13H28
4 CH3-(CH2)2-CH3 C4H10 14 CH3-(CH2)12-CH3 C14H30
5 CH3-(CH2)3-CH3 C5H12 15 CH3-(CH2)13-CH3 C15H32
6 CH3-(CH2)4-CH3 C6H14 16 CH3-(CH2)14-CH3 C16H34
7 CH3-(CH2)5-CH3 C7H16 17 CH3-(CH2)15-CH3 C17H36
PAGE 8 CH3-(CH2)6-CH3 C8H18 18 CH3-(CH2)16-CH3 C18H38
\* 9 CH3-(CH2)7-CH3 C9H20 19 CH3-(CH2)17-CH3 C19H40
MER 10 CH3-(CH2)8-CH3 C10H22 20 CH3-(CH2)18-CH3 C20H42
GEFO - - - - 30 CH3-(CH2)28-CH3 C30H62
RMAT
15 2. Identify the longest and most branched chain and circle the alkyl groups and write their name.

3. In the following carbon chain draw the following alkyl groups in line-angle:

A) a methyl on carbon #2

B) an ethyl on carbon #4

C) a sec-butyl on carbon #6

D) a propyl in carbon #7

E) an isobutyl at carbon #8

F) a tert-butyl on carbon #9

G) a butyl on carbon #11

H) an isopropyl at carbon #14

 X. Write the IUPAC name of the following semi-developed or line-angle formulas:

a) b)

c) d)

PAGE
\*
MER
GEFO
RMAT
15

e) f)

g) h)
 i) j)

PAGE k) l)
\*
MER
GEFO
RMAT
15

REACTION TYPES

XI. Write the type of organic reaction (addition, elimination, or substitution) next to the
following examples:

1.

2.

3.

4.
 XII. Completa las siguientes reacciones o ecuaciones químicas

REACTION REACTION REACTIVITY

TYPE RULE-Saytzef,
Oxidation, H preference in
Reduction, carbon 3°>2°>1°,
Substitution, Markonikov,
Hydrogen gain,
Elimination, Loss of hydrogens,
Addition There is no
selectivity

1.

PAGE
\*
MER
2.
GEFO
RMAT
15

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.
 9.

10.

PAGE 11.
\*
MER O
CH3
GEFO
CH3 CH CH CH2 CH2 CH + Ni H2
RMAT
15 CH CH3
CH3

12.

13.

14.
 XIII. Complete the following sequence with the semi-developed formulas that correspond to each capital letter.
Place next to the rule or reactivity that follows.

SERIES ALFA α.

PAGE
\* “A”
MER
GEFO
MAT
15
“C”
 MATTER AND SUSTAINABILITY | FINAL INTEGRATIVE EXERCISE | EM2023

SERIES GAMMA γ

SERIES OMEGA Ω