THE SPREAD OF ISLAM
PERIOD
Muhammad (622 -Hegira-
632 -death)
Orthodox caliphate (632-661) Medina
Umayyad caliphate (661-750)
Abbasid caliphate (750-1258)
CAPITAL SPREAD IMPORTANT FACTS
Medina Islam spread throughout the -Hegira (622): Muhammad escaped to Medina.
and Arabian Peninsula
Mecca
The Arabs conquered Egypt and -Dispute over who the caliph must be. They
Persia split in two groups:
-Shiites, supported Ali (Muhammad’s son-
in-law) as the caliph. Only the Quran is the
source of Islam.
-Sunnites, supported the mates of
Muhammad as caliphs. The inspiration for Islam
is not only the Quran, but also the Sunna (life
and sayings of Muhammad)
Damascus The Big Spread: The Umayyad -The caliphate started to be hereditary
caliphs conquered from Spain -Division of the Empire in provinces (called
to Persia Emirates)
-Muslims defeated by the Franks in Poitiers
(France) in 732.
Baghdad The Islam spread throughout -Abbasids poisoned the Umayyads to reach the
Asia not by conquest but by power.
commercial contacts -They lose control over may territories (Al
Andalus…)
-Finally attacked by Turks and Mongols, who
killed the last caliph.