LOCAL GOVERNMENT TRAINING INSTITUTE

COURSE NAME: ORDINARY DIPLOMA IN COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT

MODULE NAME: PARTICIPATORY PLANNING
MODULE CODE: CDTO6103
NATURE OF ASSIGNMENT: GROUP ASSIGNMENT
LECTURE NAME: MS KHUMBE, E
SUBMISSION DATE: 25/5/2022
GROUP NO.08 (B)
GROUP PARTICIPANTS
N/S NAME OF STUDENT REG. NO SIGNATURE
1 ANYESI ABASON KABAVAKO NS3520/0004/2018
2 CAROLINE E MERLIKIORY NS4877/0002/2017
3 DOMITILA DIONISI CHILANGO NS4010/0012/2018
4 ELIZABETH NEMSON MACHA NS2319/0016/2018
5 ELIZABETH YUDA MWACHA NS4078/0009/2018
6 FATUMA SALUM MITEDI NS0465/0023/2017
7 HAPPYFANIA FABIAN RAPHAELY NS1420/0076/2018
8 HAMIS KASHINDYE SALUMU NS2999/0024/2018
9 ISMAIL YAHAYA KICHO NS1270/0055/2018
10 JARED E ABEL NS3668/0078/2018
11 JOSEPH LINUS MTIPE NS0694/0038/2018
12 MAGDALENA T VICTOR NS3203/0014/2018
13 MONICAJOSEPH MAISA NS1640/0017/2017
14 OSCAR PAUL HOLMSANZE NS3901/0021/2018
15 SADOCK P PALLANGYO NS2912/0131/2018
16 WINFRIDA ZACHARIA ELIAS NS0308/0108//2018

QUESTION
Describe the historical background of participatory planning
 Participatory planning; is the process of involving people in decision making or
setting objectives and means to archive. Also a participatory planning as an action in which
people involve effectively in setting a goal and mean to archive according to Chamber, R.
(1997). Therefore participatory planning start before and after independence where people are
engaged in participatory of different activities as according to the period, where in its
historical background pass through a different phases and stages to enhance the effective
participation. But since independence the government sought to have participatory planning
in the economic planning process with the view to attain a bottom up planning.

Bottom up planning this is the approach whereby decisions, planning and

implementation comes from the community members to the high level of administration such
as government and other stakeholders who are special for facilitating the participatory
planning and local people they required to make decision on what they want to achieve and
how to implement the decision made by local people. But central government facilitate the
efforts of local people on issues that affects their life especial social, political, environment,
and economics and the central government facilitate what have being planned by community
members so as provide efforts and way that would favorable in the implementation of the
planning. The following are phases or stages in which a participatory planning passes which
are.

The 1961-1967 as immediately after independence; in this period a government

was establish different ways so as to enhance a community participatory planning to be
achieved effectively within a specific area. For example participatory approaches that enable
to fighting against three enemies of the country which are illiteracy, poverty and diseases so
all community members motivated to collaborate together in order to reduce those enemies.
Also the governments of Tanzania under the controlled of Julius Kambarage Nyerere
establish a slogan of “UHURU NA KAZI” also in 1964 as the union of Tanganyika and
Zanzibar, as the way that are used by political leadership to enhance a Tanzania mainland
(Zanzibar) to have the effectively participatory among of the community members. This it
can facilitate to raises productivity in economic, social and political status through this
approach enable the people of Zanzibar and people of mainland to participate in all aspects of
development.
 During 1967-1992 as Arusha declaration; during this period the government of
Tanzania was under the control of influential leader who was Julius K. Nyerere who
emphasize on the socialism system and self reliance, through socialism was help the local
people to be motivated to collaborate together to work in a team and share all the properties
that produced together and allow them to take part on different activities that affect their
lives like economically and cultural and also to participate in productive activities. Also the
establishment of self reliance tends to motivate the community members to work hard in
order to gain the income that enable them to depend from each one and enable the community
members to build the concept or notions that we have power, resources and ability let as do
what can bring our development.

During 1992 as reform era; also this period since 1992 particularly is characterized
and accomplished by the reforms system especially in public sectors where in this period of
time as the government aspiration was to enhance participation of community members over
the whole process of development phases called bottom up planning rather than the donors,
bureaucrats as well to implement that. But the united republic of Tanzania (mainland)
particular has been decided to understand various and several reforms in order to increase
efficiency and the capacity of public sector to deliver quality services to the community
members. In other side a party from the government aspiration is to insure community
members are empowered and engaged themselves in development matters but it were in
adequate and unsuccessful sometimes and so seem that the public sectors has the great role
and pivotal playing so as to promote development issues in term of socially, economically,
political as well so, most example of that reforms of diverse sector are to be financial sector
reform, local government reform, civil services reforms, legal sectors reforms and planning
and budgeting reforms. And so in this all sectors perspective have improved and delivered
such as services to the community. But several approaches were applied particularly in donor
funded programs like

Participatory Rural Appraisal PRA is product of long lasting interaction between

researchers, development workers, government agencies as well as local populations. The
participatory planning in development cooperative began in the late 1970s with the
introduction of new research approach called Rapid Rural Appraisal (RRA) which immediate
becomes popular with decision makers in development agencies. Building on close
collaboration with local population, RRA were designed to collect first hand data from the
local people about their local environment and living conditions in rural areas.
Self Esteem, Associative Strengths Resources Fullness Action Planning and
responsibility (SARAR) in this techniques lead to the increase self motivation and led an
individual to taking a party of development influence through self working and uses of
resources that are located within the area as where people funded and they engaged in
different activities so as took an action to those planned issues and responsibility in
contribution of development among the people.

Learner centered, problem passing and self analysis (LEPSA) through this techniques
during participatory planning was contributed to the situation that were encourage
development to the people and bring changes in social and economic aspects of productivity a
higher standard of development that led people to learn and identify their problems and
decide a proper alternative that facilitate to address problems identified

However those techniques enable the community members to make decision in the planning
process also these techniques were biased as means toward identification of problems. Also
these it encourage the attitudes of dependency communities leaving little room for making
decision on their own to particular. Through participatory planning our country remained
remote of top down contrary to government aspiration of bottom up planning which has to
achieve increased people participation, integrated development planning process. In this
phases the government tend to enhance the efforts of bottom up planning as in order for the
achievement of the planning required to utilized and apply opportunities and obstacle to
development (O and OD) methodology. Therefore; delivery of the essential services to the
community members in Tanzania as remained to be dominated by the government planners
or economists, bureaucrats and donors who have an illusory feeling of control and efficiency
based on the ‘we” know, they do not know{the communities}. So, apart from those efforts to
be made by the government of Tanzania as the intention is to ensure participation to be the
concepts that is understood by over communities and the wider others stakeholders. In this 20
century as the main coordinators and controller to be communities because it offers some
several profits when people take a party in development phase or aspects such as creation of
belongings or ownership of the project or activity in ensure proper utilization and allocation
of the available resources and financial promote sustainability of that issues to be generated at
lasting and over.

In generally, participatory planning acts as a key element of community development due to

that enable the community members to take part into community development activities and
ensure there is self recognition among the community members. But participatory planning
some time was been failed due to several conditions like presence of bad community leaders,
lack of community commitment and lack of incentives system which could motivate the
community members to participate in community development activities. So through this
conditions can lead poor community participation. Therefore the government should ensure
there is good relationship between community leaders and community members so as to
improve the community development practices
 REFERENCE

➢ G.Bechamann. (1997). development interventition . sourth Asia: oxford.

➢ Oakey (1991). (1998). community development and management skills . Newtorn :

John hopins universty .

➢ Chamber, R. (1997). Establishment of effective development intervention . Bergetal.