Water Resource Management

Monitoring of Soil Erosion and Sedimentation

Management of Red Tide
Identification of Major Sources of Air Pollution
Mineral Analysis
Sterile Insect Technique (SIT)
Food Irridation
Daily Cattle Productivity
Carrageenan as Plant Growth Promoter
Promotion of Agroforestry
Soil Fertility
Conversion of Sugarcane Waste into Useful Products
Mutation Breeding
Carbon Dating
Uranium Dating
Water Resource Management
• radioisotopes are used to trace the
origin of ground water and measure
the rate of groundwater replenishment.
Monitoring Soil Erosion and
Sedimentation
• Artificial radioisotope Cesium-137
is used to estimate rate of soil erosion and
sedimentation.
has a half life of 30 years , it is still detectable
today.
It sticks to clay materials is soil and is non-
exchangeable , making it an efficient tracer of
surface soil movement.
Management of Red Tide
• Nuclear techniques are used to assist in the
monitoring and management of toxic
Harmful Algal Bloom(HAB) commonly
known as red tide.
• 2 Nuclear Techniques used to detect HAB
Saxitixin
receptor blinding assay.
Lead -210 Dating Method
used to determine the historic profile of sediments
core in HAB- affected areas.
• PNRI- Philippine Nuclear Research Institute
Mineral Analysis
• Probes containing radioisotopes and a detector
are immersed directly into slurry streams. Signal
from proves are processed to measure the density
& concentration of the element s being monitored
• Examples of radioisotopes being used:
Carbon-14 – used to measure the age of ground water
Chlorine-36 – used to measure sources of chloride and
age of water
Lead-210 – used to date layers of sand and soil up to 80
years
Sterile Insect Technique (SIT)
• Used to control the production of
pests that destroy fruit and
vegetables crops
Food Irradiation
• Is a safe physical means of food processing and
preservation similar to methods such as
refrigeration, freezing, canning , heat treatment
• Food is exposed to prescribed dose of high-
energy ionizing radiation w/in an enclosed
system for specific span of time
• Uses:
Reduces post-harvest losses & disinfest agricultural
commodities necessary for long storage or transport.
Extends shelf-life of a product by reducing microbes
Daily Cattle Productivity
• Radioimmunoassay(RIA)
A nuclear technology that used to
improve the breeding management of
dairy cattle.
Used to monitor the efficiency of artificial
insemination in dairy cattle and to identify
the best time for breeding.
Carrageenan as Plant Growth Promoter
• Carrageenan is a natural extract from Eucheuma
seaweeds.
• Irradiated kappa carregeenan (KC)have the
potential to stimulate the growth of rice seedlings,
vegestables , & tissue-cultured chrysanthemums
according to PNRI.
• Irradiated KC has been discovered to increase the
formation of chloropyll.
Promotion of Agro-forestry System
• Nitrogen -15 Tracer Techniques
Is the best cropping practice and tree-crop
interaction technology that can be
identified using nuclear technique.
Farmers can reduce fertilizer input without
any decrease in their crop yield.
Soil Fertility
• Nitrogen-15 Tracer Technique
Can also applied to identifying efficiency
rates of inorganic-organic fertilizer
combination in rice based cropping
system.
Can also used to measure the amount of
nitrogen absorbed by rice plant at
various stages of growth.
Conversation of Sugarcane Waste
into Useful Products
• Gamma Radiation & Fermentation
processes can convert sugarcane waste
into:
Bagasse
Irradiated bagasse can feed for ruminants such
as cows.
Mud press
Mutation Breeding
• Improved characteristics are produced
using:
Gamma Radiation
Tissue Culture Technique
Related Biotechnology
• Applied to rice & indigenous ornamental
and foliage plants to enhance their
desirable qualities.
Carbon Dating
• Carbon-14(C-14)
Is a radioactive isotope of the element carbon and is
produced in the upper atmosphere by radiation from the
sun.
Is also a fraction of the carbon plants gets from carbon
dioxide.
Has a half-life of 5730 years
• Reasons why some fossils cant’t be carbon dated:
Too old
Rarely contain original carbon
Most carbon content comes from contaminated source.
Uranium Dating
• Lead
Discovered to be the final product of uranium
decay series
Radioimmunoassay
Carrageenan as Radiation Dose Indicator
Radiation-Modified Carrageenan for Wound
Dressing
Radiation-Sterilized Amniotic Membranes as
Burn Dressing
Radioimmunoassay (RIA)
• Noble Prize awardee
Sussman-Yalow together
Roger Guillemin and Andrew
Schally.
• RIA detects and measures
minute quantities of substance
in the blood with radioactive
labal.
• Used to study the
concentration of insulin in the
blood of a diabetic during 1959.
Carrageenan as Radiation Dose Indicator
• Also known as Go-no-Go
• Important tool in qualoty control in
industrial processing such as medical
product sterilization.
• Composed of acid-sensitive dye mixed
with carrageenan.
Radiation –Modified Carrageenan
for Wound Dressing
• PNRI formulated hydrogel dressing from
carrageenan which is clinically tested on
burn patient.
Radiation-Sterilized Amniotic
Membranes as Burn Dressing
• Amniotic Membrane from human placenta are
cleaned , tested for viruses, freeze-dried , and
packaged in special bags before being
sterilized using gamma radiation.
Radiation –Sterilized membranes have been clinically
proven to be effective as dressing for bed sores,
wounds, and burns.
Gamma Radiography
Gamma Column Scanning Technique
Gauging
Gamma Sterelization
Jewerly Industry
Gamma Radiography
• Used to detect internal defects in materials such
as pipelines without damaging the material
• Can be used to check the integrity of welds in gas
or oil pipelines.
• Uses special film tape taped over the weld
• A shielded Radioactive sources is carried down
the inside of the pipe to the weld by a machine
called Pipe Crawler.
• This technology also used to determine cracks in
buildings and railroads
Gamma Column Scanning
Technique
• Used to see inside a process
vessel made of steel and locate
internal defect without
disrupting normal plant
operations.
• Uses a sealed radioactive
material and a detector to
obtain a clear picture of
conditions inside the process
vessel from top to bottom
Gauging
• Used to measure the thickness of
plastic films and different types of
coating.
• Radiation Detector – measures the
intensity of the radiation.
Gamma Sterelization
• Is used for sterilizing medical
products , wool, food.
• Cobalt-60 – is the main
isotope used since it is an
energetic gamma emitter.
Jewerly Industry
• Radioisotope-excited X-ray
flourescence (XRF) spectrrometry
• - used to analyzed the quality of a
jewerly.