21st Century presentation,

LFPHW
analysis and
Literature
interpretation
WHAT IS of facts that
RESEARCH lines an
? individual‘s
1. Research speculation
is defined as with reality.
the scientific 2. Solutions
investigation to problems
of must be based
phenomena on knowledge
which not on mere
includes beliefs,
collection,
guesses or accuracy and
theories. effectiveness.
3. In 4. It is a
research a process of
systematic inq Research is an organized
investigation and study of materials and

and well- sources to create facts and reach new

inferences. Research has come up with
developing appropriate solutions to improve

planned the individual’s quality of life. Although it

may take place in a different setting and may
use different methods, scientific research is

procedure is universally a systematic and objective search

for reliable knowledge (Walker, 2010).
• Literature is a group of works of art

required to that are made of words. Most are

written, but some are shared by word
of mouth.

meet the need • Literature is a form of human

expression. But not everything
expressed in words—even when

in order that organized and written down—is

counted as literature.
• Literature is any collection of written
information is work, but it is also used more
narrowly for writings specifically

acquired and
considered to be an art form,
especially prose, fiction, drama,
poetry, and including both print and

evaluate its digital writing.

PHILIPPINE LITERARY HISTORY

FROM PRE-COLONIAL TO
CONTEMPORARY PERIOD
I. PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD- Pre-
colonial literature is the literature of a
formative past by the various groups of II. SPANISH COLONIZATION
people who inhabited the archipelago. A PERIOD (1565-1863)
literature of varying human interest, close
A. Characteristics of Spanish
to the religious and political organizations
Colonization:
of the ancient Filipinos. The verses were
addressed to the ears rather than the eyes. 1. It has two distinct classifications:
These verses composed and sung were religious and secular
regarded as group property. 2. It introduced Spanish as the medium
of communication.
B. Literary Forms:
Literary forms of Pre-colonial literature:
1. Religious Literature
1. Proverb (Salawikain)- a phrase that a. Pasyon- long narrative poem
gives advice and effectively embodies a about the passion and death of
commonplace truth based on practical Jesus Christ.
experience or common sense. (e.g. Laugh b. Senakulo-it is the dramatization
and the world laughs with you, weep and of the Pasyon.
you weep alone.) 2. Secular (non-religious) Literature
a. Awit- colorful tales of chivalry made
2. Folk Songs- a traditional or
for singing and chanting. (e.g.
composed song typically characterized by
Ibong Adarna by Jose dela Cruz)
stanzaic form, refrain, and simplicity of
b. Korido- a popular narrative song
melody. (e.g. hele or uyayi-lullaby;
and poetry that forms a ballad.
harana-serenade; ambahan-Mangyan;
The songs are often about
kalusan-Ivatan; tagay-Cebuano)
oppression, history, daily life for
3. Chants (Bulong)- used in witchcraft peasants, and other socially
and/or enchantment. Chant may be relevant topics. (e.g. Florante at
considered speech, music, or a heightened Laura by Francisco Baltazar)
or stylized form of speech. c. Prose Narratives- this form
describes important events in life
4. Epic- a long poem, typically one either real or imaginary.
derived from ancient oral tradition,
narrating the deeds and adventures heroic III. NATIONALISTIC OR
or legendary figures or the history of a PROPAGANDA AND
nation. (e,g: Lam-ang- Ilocano; REVOLUTIONARY PERIOD (1864-
Hinilawod- Panay; Kudaman-Palawan; 1896)
Darangen-Mindanao).
The Propaganda Movement was a
6. Legend- is a genre of folklore that period of time when native Filipinos were
consists of a narrative featuring human calling for reforms. The movement’s
actions perceived or believed both by prominent members were: Jose P. Rizal,
teller and listeners to have taken place Mariano Ponce and Marcelo H. del Pilar.
within human history. (e.g. Legend of
Characteristics of this Period:
Makahiya; Legend of Pasig River)
 1. Planted seeds of nationalism to text. Short-stories are most widespread
Filipinos. literary form during this period.
2. The language was shifted from
V. JAPANESE COLONIZATION
Spanish to Tagalog.
(1942-1945)
Literary Forms:
During Japanese colonization, the
1. The literary forms during this time journalistic writing was ceased and placed
were: Propaganda Literature, Political under strict monitoring, there was “no
Essays, Diariong Tagalog and La freedom of speech”. Hence, the only
Solidaridad Filipino writers who could write freely
were those who were living in the United
2. The Political Novels were: Noli Me
States. Most writers and authors were led
Tangere and El Filibusterismo by Dr.
to either go underground or write in
Jose Rizal
Tagalog. Many wrote poems, short
3. The Revolutionary Literature were: stories, plays, etc. The common theme of
political essays (e.g. Kalayaan) and most poems during the Japanese
poetry (e.g. True Decalogue, Katapusang occupation was nationalism, country, love
Hibik ng Pilipinas, Liwanag at Dilim and life in the barrios, faith, religion and
the arts.
IV. AMERICAN COLONIZATION
PERIOD (1898-1946) Three types of poems emerged during
this period:
The public-school system was
introduced by Americans to Filipinos. 1. Haiku- is a three-line poem with
Thomasites were the first teachers during
this period. English language was
introduced and literary themes and motifs
related to the people’s search and desire
to gain autonomy and independence as
well as relevant social concerns or
political issues were exhibited in most
works in both prose and poetic forms.
Features of Philippine Literature
during American Colonization Period:
• In the early part of American
Occupation, Spanish, Tagalog and other seventeen syllables, written in a 5,7,5
local languages were used and later on syllable count. Often focusing on images
English was later on used. from nature, haiku emphasizes simplicity,
intensity, and directness of expression.
• The use of first-person point of view
in writing started to be popular. Example:

• The comparison of urban and rural “The Old Pond” by Matsuo Bashō
living became the common focus of the An old silent pond
 A frog jumps into the pond—
Splash! Silence again.
2. Tanaga (Maikling Tula)- is a
Filipino style of poetry with four-line
stanzas with the syllable count of 7-7-7-7,
and a rhyme scheme of AABB. It
expresses insights and life lessons.
Example:
“KAIBIGAN” ni Emelita Perez Baes
“Ang katoto kapag tunay
hindi ngiti ang pag-alay
kundi isang katapatan
ng mataus na pagdamay.”
3. Karaniwang Anyo (Usual Form)-
the usual and common form of poetry.
Noteworthy writers during this period:
• A few of the playwriters were: Jose
Ma. Hernandez (he wrote Panday
Pira) and Francisco Soc Rodrigo
(Pula, sa Puti)
• Noteworthy writer of the period
was Carlos P. Romulo who won
Pulitzer Prize for his bestsellers “I
saw the fall of the Philippines”
and I see the Philippines Rise” and his
“Mother America and my Brother
Americans”
Panday Pira (1488–
1576) was a Muslim
Pampango
blacksmith who is
acknowledged as
"The First Filipino
Cannon-maker". His
name literally
translates as "Blacksmith Pira", panday
being the Filipino word for "blacksmith".
VI. CONTEMPORARY /MODERNISM
PERIOD (PERIOD OF THE NEW
SOCIETY 1972- 1980)
• Almost all themes in most writings
dealt with the development or progress of
the country- like the green revolution,
family planning, proper nutrition,
environment, drug addiction and
pollution.
• The new society tried to stop
pornography or those writings giving bad
influences on the morals of the people.
• All school newspapers were
temporarily stopped and so with school
organizations.
• The themes of most poems dealt
with patience, regard for native culture,
customs and beauties of nature and
surroundings.
• Filipino poetry was romantic and
revolutionary. Bilingual education was
initialized.
• Filipino Songs dealt with the themes
that were really true-to life like those
grief, poverty, aspirations for freedom,
love of God, of country and of fellowmen.
Notable writers and their works:
1. Manuel Arguilla – “How my Brother
Leon Brought Home a Wife?
2. Aurelio Tolentino- “Kahapon, Ngayon
at Bukas”
3. Wilfredo Ma. Guerrero- “Wanted: A
Chaperon”
4. Jose Garcia Villa – “First, Poem must
be magical” and “Footnote to youth”
5. Alejandro Roces- “Poems 55” and
“My Brothers Peculiar Chicken”
6. Edith Tiempo- “The Charmer’s Box”;
“Bonsai”; “A blade of Fern”; and “His
Native Coat”
7. Francisco Arcellana- “The Man Who
Could Be Poe”; “Death In a factory”; and
“The Other Woman”
8. F. Sionil Jose- “The pretenders”; “My
brother”;“My executioner”; and “Po-On”
9. Cirilo Bautista- “The trilogy of Saint
Lazarus” and “Galaw ng Asoge”
10. Nick Joaquin- “The Sorrows of
Vaudeville”; “The woman who had two
navels”; and “Summer Solstice”