1

TABLE OF CONTENTS
HƯỚNG DẪN SỬ DỤNG TÀI LIỆU ............................................................................... 5
1. Work and studies ...................................................................................................... 7
2. Home and accommodation ...................................................................................... 8
3. Hometown.................................................................................................................. 9
4. Transport ................................................................................................................. 10
5. Map .......................................................................................................................... 11
6. Fishing ...................................................................................................................... 12
7. Robots ...................................................................................................................... 13
8. Musical instruments ............................................................................................... 14
9. Tea and coffee ......................................................................................................... 15
10. Inventions and inventors ....................................................................................... 16
11. Gifts .......................................................................................................................... 16
12. Geography ............................................................................................................... 17
13. Helping others ......................................................................................................... 18
14. Films ......................................................................................................................... 19
15. Running ................................................................................................................... 20
16. Clothing ................................................................................................................... 21
17. Rain .......................................................................................................................... 21
18. Chatting ................................................................................................................... 22
19. Noise ......................................................................................................................... 23
20. Travelling ................................................................................................................ 24
21. Friends ..................................................................................................................... 25
22. Neighbourhood ....................................................................................................... 26
23. Sunglasses ................................................................................................................ 27
24. Sweets and cakes ..................................................................................................... 28
25. Crowded place ........................................................................................................ 29
26. Singing ..................................................................................................................... 30
27. Video games............................................................................................................. 31
28. Memory.................................................................................................................... 32

1
 29. Social media............................................................................................................. 33
30. Losing things ........................................................................................................... 33
31. Colours ..................................................................................................................... 34
32. Spending money ...................................................................................................... 35
33. Advertisements/commercials ................................................................................ 36
34. Feeling bored ........................................................................................................... 37
35. News ......................................................................................................................... 38
TOPIC 1: PERSON .......................................................................................................... 40
1. Describe a person who enjoys cooking for others. .............................................. 41
2. Describe a foreigner you know who speaks your language (Vietnamese) well.43
3. Describe a person who has interesting ideas and opinions. ............................... 45
4. Describe a successful person who you once studied or worked with. ............... 47
5. Describe a sportsperson from your country who did well in a sports event. .. 50
6. Describe a successful businessperson you know. ................................................ 52
7. Describe a person you know who likes to talk a lot. ........................................... 54
8. Describe a person who is good at teamwork. ...................................................... 56
9. Describe a person who is good at making people feel welcome in his/her home.58
10. Describe an interesting person that you have not met in person and would like to
know more about. .......................................................................................................... 60
TOPIC 2: OBJECT .......................................................................................................... 63
1. Describe an old present that is special to you...................................................... 64
2. Describe a book you want to read again. ............................................................. 66
3. Describe a photo that makes you feel happy. ...................................................... 68
4. Describe an impressive work of art you saw. ...................................................... 70
5. Describe a useful object in your home that you cannot live without. ............... 72
6. Describe something lost by others that you found. ............................................. 74
7. Describe a uniform you wear at your school or company. ................................ 76
TOPIC 3: EVENT............................................................................................................. 79
1. Describe a time when you saw a child behaved badly in public. ...................... 80
2. Describe an occasion when you waited a long time for a nice thing. ................ 82

2
 3. Describe a time when you had a problem with using the computer................. 84
4. Describe a time when you gave advice to others. ................................................ 86
5. Describe a party that you enjoyed. ....................................................................... 88
6. Describe a time you received bad service in a restaurant/shop. ....................... 91
7. Describe a period of time that changed your life in a good way. ...................... 93
8. Describe a historical period of time that you are interested in. ........................ 96
9. Describe an occasion when somebody or something was making a lot of noise.98
10. Describe an occasion when you used a map. ..................................................... 100
11. Describe a time when you helped someone you worked or studied with. ...... 102
12. Describe a time when you were very busy. ........................................................ 104
13. Describe an occasion when you heard someone complaining about something in
a public place (a restaurant or a store). .................................................................... 107
TOPIC 4: ACTIVITY .................................................................................................... 110
1. Describe an expensive activity that you enjoy doing occasionally. ................. 111
2. Describe a water sport you would like to try in the future. ............................. 113
3. Describe an activity that made you feel tired. ................................................... 115
4. Describe an activity that you enjoy doing alone in your free time. ................ 117
5. Describe an exciting activity that you experienced with someone else. .......... 119
6. Describe an activity you enjoyed doing when you were at primary school. .. 122
7. Describe an outdoor activity you did in a new place recently. ........................ 124
TOPIC 5: PLACE ........................................................................................................... 128
1. Describe a beautiful city that you have visited. ................................................. 129
2. Describe a perfect /dream house you saw (an ideal house/apartment where you
want to live). ................................................................................................................. 131
3. Describe a park or a garden in your city. .......................................................... 133
4. Describe an open-air or street market which you enjoy visiting. ................... 136
5. Describe a place in your country that you are interested in. ........................... 138
6. Describe a place (not your home) you spent time relaxing. ............................. 141
7. Describe a new store/shop that just opened in your area. ............................... 143
8. Describe a newly built public facility that influences your city....................... 145
TOPIC 6: OTHERS........................................................................................................ 148

3
1. Describe a difficult task that you completed at work/study that you felt proud of.
149
2. Describe a rule that is important at your school or work. ............................... 151
3. Describe a good advertisement that you think is useful. .................................. 154
4. Describe a science subject that you are interested in (biology, robotics, etc.)156
5. Describe something you did in a hurry. ............................................................. 158
6. Describe an interesting conversation that you had with an old person. ........ 160
7. Describe a job you would not like to do in the future. ..................................... 163
8. Describe an important journey that was delayed. ............................................ 165
9. Describe a movie you watched that made you feel very motivated. ............... 167
10. Describe a useful skill that you learned when you were a teenager. .............. 170
11. Describe an ambition that you have had for a long time. ................................ 172
12. Describe an unusual holiday or vacation you had. ........................................... 174
13. Describe something you do regularly to help you study or work. .................. 177

4
 HƯỚNG DẪN SỬ DỤNG TÀI LIỆU

Tài liệu này sẽ cung cấp cho các bạn đầy đủ câu trả lời mẫu cho 35 chủ đề Speaking Part 1,
và 58 chủ đề Speaking Part 2 và Part 3 được chia thành 6 chủ đề lớn trong bộ đề dự đoán Quý
1/2024 của học viện IELTS Xuân Phi. Đây là tài liệu vô cùng chất lượng và tâm huyết được
biên soạn bởi đội ngũ Học thuật của IELTS Xuân Phi và được kiểm tra, nâng cấp bởi giám
khảo IELTS David Lang.

Học viện rất mong các bạn có thể tận dụng tối đa tài liệu này để có thể liên tục cập nhật và
luyện tập để có được kết quả tốt nhất cho phần thi Nói của mình.

Trong mỗi chủ đề sẽ có các mục như sau:

Câu hỏi của chủ đề - Câu trả lời mẫu.

Cách sử dụng tài liệu:

• Bước 1: Tự brainstorm ý tưởng cho câu trả lời của mình.

• Bước 2: Đọc câu trả lời mẫu.

• Bước 3: Tham khảo ý tưởng và ghi chép từ vựng ở bài mẫu phù hợp với ý tưởng của bản
thân vào 1 cuốn sổ rồi học thuộc từ vựng.

• Bước 4: Tự brainstorm lại ý tưởng dựa trên những ý tưởng tham khảo và từ vựng mới đã
học được. (Chú ý: chỉ ghi từ 5-6 từ khóa, không ghi cả câu)

Chúc các bạn học tập thật tốt!

5
6
1. Work and studies
• Do you work or are you a student?
Well, currently I’m working a part-time job as a teaching assistant in an English center in
Hanoi. I’ve been doing it for the last 3 years or so and I’ll probably keep up with it for a few
more minimum.
• What work do you do?
In being a part-time teaching assistant, I basically tell the students to behave, help them with
any problems and collect their schoolwork.
• What subjects are you studying?
My area of specialization is English linguistics, which means I mainly learn about subjects
related to phonology, grammar and English for specific purposes.
• Why did you choose that job?
For a few reasons. Firstly, I majored in English linguistics. Secondly, I’ve been passionate
about English ever since I was in high school. On top of that, my job is well-paying relative
to other entry-level work so I’ve got nothing to complain about.
• Why did you choose to study that subject?
Studying English is a way for me to keep my mind active - I’ve always had a knack for
languages and I’ve heard it’s one of the best ways to keep your mind young - learning a new
language that is.
• Do you like your job?
I have a love/hate relationship with it. One rewarding aspect is that I get to meet people from
all walks of life. In the classroom, that makes for an inclusive, dynamic environment. But it
can be a slog too if I’ve got a lot of classes in succession.
• What do you like about your studies?
The main thing I like is that I learn a lot about not just English but also about the world at
large and I get the chance to improve my critical thinking and problem-solving skills.
• What do you dislike about your studies?
I found it challenging when I started out as it was so theoretical and I couldn't get a handle on
a lot of the really abstract concepts. That’s why I had a hard time dealing with it when I was

7
a freshman. By the time my sophomore year came along, I’d managed to get my head around
it for the most part.
2. Home and accommodation
• Do you live in an apartment or a house?
I live in an apartment and I like it that way since I can more easily reach for things and I like
to be in more compact spaces. I find living in a house to be a bit overwhelming since there’s
much more space and it thus feels less cozy.
• Who do you live with?
I am currently living with my sister. She is a good housemate who fully takes care of my
cats or prepares the meals whenever I am occupied.
• What kinds of accommodation do you live in?
I am residing in a run-of-the-mill house in the outskirts of Hanoi. It is a fully-furnished
house with all the mod cons including air conditioner, refrigerator, washing machine and
even oven that my sister and I have accumulated for several months. These household
appliances play a vital role in reducing our amount of household tasks.
• Do you plan to live there for a long time?
No. I would say, I have an intention of leaving my house in maybe 7 years. This is not
because of the living costs or surrounding amenities. It is about my future career plan. I
plan to move to another city; therefore, leaving this cozy neighbourhood would be a must.
• What kind of house or flat do you want to live in in the future?
My dream house would be a spacious house in a big city. I am a sucker for the glamour of
metropolises; therefore, I would strive to work hard and buy one. Although housing costs
in cities are criminally expensive, I would consider it as a trade-off so I am willing to live
there.
• What's your favourite room in your apartment/house?
It’s the dining room where my family spends quality time together. This is not only the
place where every family reunion takes place but also the place where every family can
enjoy a harmonious atmosphere during meals. My family members always take precedence
over family so despite ups and downs, we always try to eat together.

8
 • What room does your family spend most of the time in?
I live on my own now, but when I lived with my parents, we would spend most of our time
either in the living room or dining room since those are the places where we would convene
together and talk about things.
• What makes you feel pleasant in your home?
I think it’s the fact that it’s a place I can come back to for comfort after a long day of work or
a long night out with friends. The feeling of having your own accommodation is a pleasant
feeling in itself.
3. Hometown
• Please describe your hometown a little. What is your town well-known for?
I was born and raised in Quang Ninh province, in Northern Vietnam. We’re known for our
seafood and a variety of tourist attractions ranging from the rock formations in Ha Long to
Tuan Chau Island.
• Do you like your hometown?
I really really love my hometown as I have many great memories there as a kid and
teenager. Now I’m a city person but I often reminisce about the rural area where I grew up
- my friends, family, my childhood house, the neighbours down the street - all of that.
• When did you leave your hometown?
I lived there from the time I was a kid until I entered university and moved to Hanoi. I’d
love to move back someday given the chance but the economic realities of my job might
make that tricky - I can earn so much more working in Hanoi.
• Do you think you will move back home?
I don’t think so. I’d much prefer to live in Hanoi because of the job opportunities and
everything the city has to offer - the nightlife, restaurants, entertainment options and just
the general vibe of a modern, highly-populated city.
• Would you like to live in the countryside in the future?
I’m not totally opposed to the idea. The atmosphere in the countryside is cleaner than in
the capital where I am now and I can see myself settling down there later when I start a
family or after I retire and want a more tranquil lifestyle.

9
 • Did you learn about the history of your hometown at school?
No, I didn’t since I didn’t go to a public school actually. I went to an international school and
so we didn’t really cover Vietnamese history in all that much depth, let alone the history of
Hanoi. I learned about Hanoi mainly through books over the years and plaques at historical
sites.
• Are there many young people in your hometown?
Oh there are plenty of young people living in Hanoi, like anywhere else really. I think people
love the atmosphere here in Hanoi, young and old alike, and there are economic factors that
attract people to a big city like Hanoi. You’ll find most young people at night huddled together
in coffee shops or public parks.
• Is your hometown a good place for young people to pursue their careers?
I think so. There are plenty of jobs to be found in Hanoi for young people - across a diverse
range of sectors, so there’s always something to look out for or a new line of work to look
into.
4. Transport
• How do you go to work/school?
Normally I would get to work by bicycle since it’s cheap to maintain, causes less pollution
and is healthier in the long-term. However, I sometimes call a taxi when I’m feeling lazy or
pressed for time. Or if the weather is rotten - on really rainy days or really chilly days I don’t
want to freeze on the way to work.
• How far is it from your home to work/school?
I’d say it normally takes about 30 - 35 minutes to get to work by bicycle - on an average day
when the traffic isn’t that brutal. When I’m in a taxi however, it takes about an hour since cars
are a lot less maneuverable on the roads - we might end up sitting in a line of cars in traffic
and have no recourse to make a sudden U-turn or find an alleyway or another shortcut.
• What's the most popular means of transportation in your hometown?
I think the motorbike by far is the most popular form of transportation in Hanoi. They’re fast,
versatile and compact, making it easy to use when commuting around the often busy streets
of the city. That’s why you’ll see men, women, adolescents - all sorts on motorbikes. Also,
it’s much cheaper to buy compared to a car or truck.

10
 • Do you think people will drive more in the future?
I don’t think so. I think we have more or less reached a tipping point. In the future, private
vehicles will decline in popularity as public transport and ride-sharing becomes more
prevalent. The main reason people drive today is just to flaunt the fact that they can afford a
car and that, to my mind, is a passing phase.
5. Map
• Do you often use maps?
Yeah, I use maps more or less every day, especially when I'm traveling to new places. I
typically pull up Google maps first thing when I get in to a new place on holiday. I’ll usually
try to rent a bike right away and after getting to my hotel I might use Google to discover some
hidden gems and then turn on the directions mode and pop in my earphones and head over
there.
• Can you read a map easily? Why or why not?
Well, with a bit of practice, I've become quite comfortable with reading maps. It's all about
getting used to the symbols, the format, and understanding the language of maps. The more
I've used them, the simpler it's become to navigate with confidence. Back when I first opened
up Google maps I wasn’t sure how it functioned but I’m familiar with the user interface now
so it’s like second nature.
• Do you have maps at home?
Oh, absolutely! I've got a collection of maps at home from various trips I've taken over the
years. I think of them as a visual diary of my adventures, a bit dorky I know. Sometimes, I'll
sit down with a map and reminisce about the places I've explored or get inspired to plan my
next journey. I even have a big one of Bangkok done in a retro style framed and hanging up
in my living room.
• How do you feel about paper maps compared to digital maps on smartphones?
You know, I appreciate both for different reasons. Paper maps have this nostalgic, old-school
charm, and they're fantastic for the initial planning phase of a trip. But, when I'm on the move,
digital maps can’t be beat. GPS and real-time updates make navigating a breeze, and there are
so many useful features - user reviews, directions, phone numbers for businesses, operating
hours, etc.

11
 • Do you think it's important for schools to teach map-reading skills to students?
I’d say yes though I haven’t really given it that much thought. It's a valuable skill that schools
could definitely include. It's not just about finding your way around; it's also about problem-
solving and being prepared. You never know when you might need to rely on a map. It could
be a real lifesaver in emergencies or when you're in an area with limited access to Wifi. It's
just a practical skill that is bound to come in handy at some point in your life.
6. Fishing
• Is fishing popular in your country?
Hmmm, I’d say yes I suppose it is. In Vietnam, we have a vast coastline and tons of rivers
and lakes, so many people, both young and old, go fishing as a favorite pastime. It's not only
a recreational activity but also a way to bond with family and friends. Not so much in the
cities though - there are spots you can go to fish but it’s more of a niche activity in urban
areas.
• Do you like eating fish?
Oh, absolutely! I’m a big fan of seafood generally. Seafood is so versatile and tasty. I mean,
to me there’s nothing that beats nicely grilled, charcoal grilled, fish with some herbs, some
parsley and mint and cilantro, and a squeeze of lemon. It’s my go-to order on a night out. And
it's healthy too, full of protein and those good omega-3s I always hear doctors on TV going
on about.
• Have you ever been to a place where there were lots of fish around you?
Yeah. I had this amazing experience when I visited Hai Phong this one time, a coastal gem in
my opinion. Snorkeling in those crystal-clear waters felt like entering a whole new world.
The abundance of colorful fish and the vibrant marine life was breathtaking - to use a cliche.
I wish I could name them all but it was just a mass of colorful fins and scales swirling around
me - no shark fins luckily. It was a memorable and awe-inspiring experience that I’ll always
cherish.
• Have you seen any movies with lots of fish?
Yes, I’ve watched a few. And "Finding Nemo" is the one that comes to mind. It’s about
a clownfish and his quest to find his son Nemo. The movie is not only entertaining but also
visually stunning, showcasing the diverse and colorful world of fish and marine life. Everyone

12
knows it and there was a sequel some years back as well that picked up the storyline and
followed the female fish from the movie - I think her name was Dory.
7. Robots
• Are robots important?
Well, I guess so. They're used in all sorts of industries these days, from manufacturing and
healthcare to space exploration. They can handle tasks that are dangerous or repetitive. So,
yeah, they're pretty crucial in short though I don’t work in robotics. I’m a little surprised that
we don’t see more of them in everyday life but that day is coming down the pipeline for sure.
• Will robots affect people’s lives in the future?
Definitely, robots are already having a significant impact on people's lives, and the
repercussions are multifaceted. On the one hand, robots make our lives easier and safer. In
manufacturing, for example, AI-powered robots can handle repetitive assembly tasks,
therefore increasing production rates and reducing errors. In healthcare, they assist doctors
perform surgery with greater precision. Or so I’ve heard. On the other hand, there are also
concerns about how they might affect employment and privacy. That’s why the idea of a
universal basic wage has been proposed in some corners - to counter the inevitability of a
robot workforce.
• Have you ever watched a movie about robots?
Of course, robot-themed movies are quite popular these days so I’ve watched quite a few of
them as they’ve come out over the years. My favorite one is a “Black Mirror” episode, that’s
a science fiction series about the dangers of robots and other kinds of invasive technologies.
This one episode features a situation where humans lose control over robots and you probably
can guess where it goes from there. The show is actually pretty predictable and basic.
• Should we let robots drive us on long journeys?
Mhm, let me think about this one for a second because it has never really been on my mind.
I wouldn’t say that I am a robot enthusiast, so this question is kind of catching me off guard.
Self-driving robots could help reduce accidents and lower commute times - that’s the claim
I’ve heard repeated over and over. However, it seems that there’re still some limitations and
potential dangers. I personally wouldn’t be comfortable putting my life in the hands of a robot,
regardless of what the statistics say about it.

13
 • What can robots do for you at home?
There are tons of everyday tasks that robots can already perform. For example, they can clean
floors, mow your lawn, monitor your lighting system and help you as a personal assistant -
all of those things with varying degrees of competence, though that’s no different from
humans. With the help of robots, we can get lots of chores done without lifting a finger - that’s
the idea at least, I’m not sure the reality lives up to our expectations in all cases. My cleaning
vacuum is sometimes more of a hassle than it’s worth
8. Musical instruments
• Have you ever learned to play a musical instrument?
I haven’t really had the chance but I’ve always had it in the back of my mind to take some
piano lessons somewhere down the line. I think it’s the most elegant and powerful of all
classical instruments and it would be great to learn pieces from some of the greats and be able
to play a tune in front of friends and family.
• Do you think children should learn to play an instrument at school?
Absolutely, I believe that children should have the opportunity to learn a musical instrument
at school. Knowing how to play an instrument not only helps develop their creativity but also
allows them to unwind in a pressure-filled environment. It can be a valuable part of a well-
rounded education. I wish that I had focused more in school and taken up an instrument - it’s
a big regret of mine looking back on my school years.
• Do you think music education is important for children?
Yes, I believe that music education is essential for their holistic development. It offers a range
of benefits beyond just knowing how to play the instrument itself. Learning about music and
melodies and the construction of a song can encourage emotional expression, foster teamwork
skills if they participate in group activities, and even improve their academic performance by
giving them a broader skill set to draw upon later on.
• What musical instruments do you enjoy listening to the most?
As I mentioned before, I love listening to the melodious sound of the piano first and foremost.
It can convey a wide range of emotions and is often featured prominently in classical and
contemporary music. But I actually have trouble picking out what instrument is being played
in a lot of music - beyond simple instruments like guitars and drums.

14
9. Tea and coffee
• Do people in your country like tea and coffee?
Well, as far as I can tell tea and coffee are popular beverages worldwide. In just about every
country, people enjoy a cup of tea or coffee as part of their daily routine. It's not only about
the taste but also the comfort and energy it provides, and it’s no different in Vietnam where
there is a really big recent culture built up around coffee and naturally tea is culturally
important dating back centuries.
• Do you ever offer tea or coffee to guests when they visit your home?
Yes, absolutely, when I think of it. In Vietnam, offering tea or coffee to guests is a common
gesture of goodwill and puts your friends at ease. When friends or family visit, it's almost
automatic to ask if they'd like a cup of tea or coffee. I use a french press so that I can make a
few cups at once and keep a few kinds of green and herbal teas on hand as well.
• When was the last time you had a cup of coffee or tea?
I’m not a huge fan of either but I drank tea last week at lunch with a friend of mine. It was a
herbal tea of some kind, perhaps chamomile, although I’m no tea expert so I can’t say for
sure, it had no caffeine is all I know. I haven’t had coffee in ages though - it gets my heart
pumping too fast.
• Do you usually buy your coffee in a coffee shop?
I don’t really drink coffee at all so this question doesn’t directly apply to me. However, I do
hang out at coffee shops now and then to get work done and I usually order either a lemon tea
or hot chocolate, depending on the season. I see people around me ordering coffee all the time
though since Vietnam has a big coffee culture.
• Do you think drinking tea or coffee is a common habit in your country?
Definitely, as I was just talking about. We usually offer tea or coffee to our guests when they
come over. Many people start their day with a cup of coffee to get an energy boost to carry
them through the day and many others like to drink tea to help them stay fit and hydrated
throughout the day - though I think tea might actually be a diuretic...
• Do you think people's preferences for tea and coffee change as they get older?
That's an interesting question and something I’ve never really given that much thought. Off
the top of my head, I guess it can vary from person to person. Some individuals may develop

15
a stronger preference for one over the other as they age, possibly due to health considerations
or personal taste. Others might stick with one. Coffee is stronger and tea is a bit more mellow
so I imagine older people are more in the habit of sipping on a cup of tea throughout the day.
10. Inventions and inventors
• Can you name any other inventions that have made a big impact on human
society?
Absolutely, there are numerous inventions that have drastically shaped human society. One
of these is the advent of smartphones which has transformed the way we communicate, access
information, and perform daily tasks. These devices combine various technologies into a
compact form, enabling us to make calls, send messages, browse the internet, take photos,
and access a wide range of applications and services.
• What do you think make an invention “useful”?
An invention is generally considered "useful" when it satisfies a need or solves a problem that
many people experience. Additionally, a useful invention should be accessible and affordable
to a wide range of people so that it can have a widespread impact on society. For example,
the availability of low-cost smartphones has enabled millions of people to access information,
communication, and opportunities that were previously out of reach.
• What new invention(s) would you like to be available in the future?
I’d love to see advances in medical technology, such as AI-driven diagnostic tools, to make
quality healthcare accessible to everyone, no matter where they live. Besides, I also hope to
see advancements in education technology. I envision AI-based personalized learning
platforms that can adapt to each student's individual learning style, pace, and interests. This
could ensure that every child, regardless of their location or socio-economic background, has
access to high-quality, personalized education.
11. Gifts
• Have you ever sent handmade gifts to others?
Indeed, I have. A few years back, I got really really into knitting. It began as a hobby to pass
the time, but soon, I was knitting scarves and hats for friends and family - it was addictive. I
got a real sense of pride from seeing someone wear something I made, knowing I had made
every stitch.

16
 • Have you ever received a great gift?
Oh, for sure! Let me think of one to pick out… One of the best gifts I've received was a
surprise weekend getaway planned by my partner. I had been feeling stressed, really out of it
at the time and kind of low, and the trip was just the pick-me-up I needed. It showed me how
well he knows me and how much he cares. Too bad we’re not still together…
• What do you consider when choosing a gift?
Uhmmm… When picking out a gift, the first thing I focus on is the person's interests and
hobbies. I try to get something that aligns with what they love or might enjoy. And of course,
I always keep in mind my budget above all else. I really aim for gifts with a personal
touch behind them to show I've put genuine effort into the selection and to compensate for
the cheapness.
• Do you think you are good at choosing gifts?
I'd like to think so! I think I’ve developed a knack for picking up on subtle hints people drop
about things they'd like. Whether it's a book someone mentioned months ago or a particular
hobby they're passionate about, I try to tailor my gifts to their interests. It's always rewarding
to see their faces when and realize the thought that went into picking out their gift - and it’s a
way to show off the fact that I’m a good listener.
12. Geography
• How do you feel about geography?
Well, I don’t have any particular feelings about it to be honest but I did enjoy geography quite
a bit in school as I have a fascination with country names and flags. I have a map of the world
hung up on my bedroom wall that shows the countries and a bit of their topographies.
• Do you think learning geography was useful for you?
I think so, to a degree. Just having some basic knowledge of the world is helpful in daily life.
If I’m watching a movie, I want to be able to follow the plot and know basically where it is
set or if there’s something in the news, I don’t want to seem totally clueless.
• Have you ever studied geography at school?
Yes, but it wasn’t a major part of the curriculum back when I was in school. I’d say most of
what I know I had to learn it on my own by reading maps and geography books at home and
the internet.

17
 • Do you want to be a Geography teacher?
No, that thought has never really occurred to me honestly. I don’t want to be a teacher in
general. I don’t have much patience for teaching others and correcting every little mistake
they make. I also don’t fancy standing in front of a crowd and presenting something - that
gives me a kind of stage fright.
13. Helping others
• Do you usually help people around you?
Yes, of course, when I’m in a position to do so. My parents always reminded me to help those
in need, especially the elderly and the less privileged. Whether it’s giving a helping hand to a
neighbor or colleague at work, I get something out of making a positive impact on the lives
of those around me.
• How do you help people around you, such as neighbors, family, and friends?
I help people in my circle in a lot of little ways, mostly to do with what comes up on a day-
to-day basis. For instance, I often help my neighbors by taking care of their pets and plants
when they go away on short trips. With family members and friends, I always offer a
sympathetic ear, and give practical advice and emotional support whenever they’re down or
facing setbacks in their lives.
• Did your parents teach you how to help others?
Certainly, it was a big part of my upbringing. They instilled in me the value of kindness and
empathy as well as the meaning of giving at a very young age. They set strong examples by
actively engaging in community service in my neighborhood, which has inspired me to
contribute positively in my own way.
• Did your parents help you a lot when you were younger?
Obviously, as with any child. As I mentioned before, my parents gave me a lot of support
during my formative years. They not only provided guidance, looked after me, and instilled
in me a love of learning but also encouraged and motivated me to pursue my dream job -
becoming a full-time volunteer instead of forcing me to become a teacher or go into business
after graduation.

18
 • What have you done to help the elderly?
Well, off the top of my head, I once volunteered at a local senior center, spending time
chatting with them, helping out with the cooking and doing the laundry, and playing board
games with them. I’ve also helped my elderly neighbors do the grocery shopping, changed
light bulbs, and invited them for short walks around the block so that they would feel more
cared for and connected within the community rather than being left isolated and alone as is
too often the case with the elderly.
14. Films
• What kind of films do you like?
My taste in cinema is fairly diverse, I’m into everything from thrillers to dramas. I suppose if
I had to pinpoint something I’d say I appreciate thought-provoking narratives and movies that
delve into the complexities of human emotions - Black Swan comes to mind - because they
offer a cinematic experience that lingers long after the credits roll. Sci-fi is a cool genre every
now and then because I like the world building but all the action is a turn-off.
• Did you often watch films when you were a child?
Yes, naturally. It was one of my favorite pastimes. I remember on weekends with my family,
we’d often gather in the living room to watch movies together. Especially cartoons. My
favorite back then were the Disney movies they’d show on a regular basis - Aladdin, Beauty
and the Beast, and so on…
• Did you ever go to the cinema alone as a child?
Honestly, I rarely ever went to the cinema alone as a child - that’s not something that is
common in my country. Most of my cinema experiences were with family or friends. My
parents wouldn’t have felt comfortable sending me on my own and I wouldn’t have had a way
to get there and back without them. By the time I was a teenager, that changed though.
• Do you often go to the cinema with your friends?
Sure. It's one of our go-to excuses to meet up. Whether catching the latest releases or revisiting
old classics, the cinema provides a great setting for entertainment and socializing. It's a fun
way to relax and spend quality time with friends.

19
 • Do you think going to the cinema is a good way to spend time with friends?
Sure, why not? It combines entertainment with being social, providing an opportunity to share
a collective experience, enjoy a good film together (hopefully) and later engage in discussions
about the movie. Cinema outings create lasting memories and strengthen bonds between
friends, no wonder it has such enduring popularity.
15. Running
• Do you go running a lot?
Yes, it’s a regular part of my routine. I view it as a simple way to stay active and maintain a
healthy lifestyle. It’s also really therapeutic for me - I feel I can unwind and clear my mind
and get a bit of a runner’s high if I do a long 10k plus run.
• Where do you usually like to run?
A nearby park - typically. There’s one near me that’s got lots of different kinds of trees so
there’s shade during the daytime and there’s a dedicated jogging path. That way I don’t have
to weave in and out around people walking.
• When was the last time you went running?
I guess it would’ve been just a couple days back - I took the day off yesterday because I was
feeling pretty drained. I make a conscious effort to integrate running into my daily schedule
when possible but sometimes life gets in the way - it happens.
• What do you think of running as a form of exercise?
Running, from my perspective, is easily the most accessible way for the average person to
stay in good shape. Beyond the undeniable cardiovascular benefits, it offers a unique blend
of physical exertion and mental rejuvenation, making it a holistic and efficient way to sustain
overall well-being. It does wear on your knees though, so you have to be careful not to overdo
it and be sure you have decent running shoes.
• What do you prefer, running alone or running with friends?
I lean towards running with friends if I can talk them into coming along with me and our
schedules line up. It’s just a bit more fun - we can catch up, challenge each other and get a
coconut after a long sweaty run.

20
16. Clothing
• What kind of clothes do you like to wear?
To be honest, I'm pretty relaxed when it comes to clothing, but I do have certain preferences.
I typically go for comfortable casual wear, like jeans and a comfy T-shirt for everyday
activities. It's simple, practical and also convenient for me. I don’t even look in the mirror
before heading out so honestly I’m not even sure what I look like most days!
• Do you prefer to wear comfortable and casual clothes or formal clothes?
Well, it depends on the context naturally. For getting around day-to-day, I go for casual
clothes, jeans, cozy sweaters and sneakers. On special occasions and in professional settings,
I appreciate the polished look of a pantsuit or a blouse with a black skirt. That helps me strike
a balance between comfort and formality - when the occasion calls for it.
• Do you like wearing T-shirts?
Definitely, T-shirts are a staple in my wardrobe - the foundation of most of my outfits. They’re
comfortable and versatile and, most of all, easy. I don’t need to iron them or fuss over them
much. I tend to choose T-shirts with unique designs or meaningful statements to add a
personal touch to my everyday style.
• Do you spend a lot of time choosing clothes?
While not excessive, I do allocate quite a lot of time to choosing clothes. I view clothing as a
form of self-expression, and selecting outfits can be seen as a creative endeavor - when I’ve
got the time. Every morning, I stand in front of my wardrobe for about half an hour deciding
what to wear. I have to get up early for this but it’s worth it. This helps me ensure that my
attire aligns with my mood and personal style for the day. I hope I don’t sound psycho…
17. Rain
• Do you like rainy days? (Why/Why not?)
You know what, I actually do. Some people hate rainy days cuz it can get very wet and dirty
but it doesn't really matter if you stay inside. On those days, I love lying in my bed and binge-
watching TV series and listening to music while listening to the pitter patter of rain outside.

21
 • Does it rain much in your hometown? In what season does it rain the most?
Well, I’d say in Hanoi where I’m living, it rains quite a lot in summer and early autumn.
There’s a downpour almost every other day. Sometimes it pours for days on end, so you just
gotta remember to grab a raincoat or an umbrella before going out.
• How does rain affect (life in) your country?
In my country, Vietnam, rainfall has both positive and negative effects. Farmers, for instance,
are overjoyed when it rains because the crops need it and they’re most afraid of droughts.
Rain saves them the effort of manually irrigating their fields and also helps conserve water.
However, for others, rainy days can be quite bothersome. A worker on the way to work might
be delayed or get to work with wet socks. It’s also more likely you’ll get into an accident on
a rainy day.
• Would you prefer to have more rain or less rain (in your hometown)?
I’d go for more rainy days given the option. I'm actually pretty happy when it’s drizzling
because it keeps everything cool, especially during the scorching hot summer days in Hanoi
where I'm living.
• What do you usually do when it rains?
Well, as I said before, rain makes me feel lethargic, so when it’s overcast, I'd rather stay at
home, curled up on the couch with hot tea in hand while having a good read. Some other days,
I binge-watch some of my go-to shows and listen to a couple of melancholy songs.
18. Chatting
• Do you like chatting with friends?
Absolutely, I particularly enjoy chatting with my closest friends - not just small talk with
acquaintances. I take more pleasure in that than anything else - nothing is better to me than
meeting up for a milk tea and just going back and forth about what we’ve been watching on
TV, our work, relationship drama, all that stuff.
• What do you usually chat about with friends?
I chat with my friends about a wide range of topics as I was just detailing. We discuss our
daily lives, current events, hobbies, and sometimes even deeper subjects like our future
aspirations and personal challenges. It really depends on whom I’m talking to and the kind of

22
mood I’m in that day. I stay away from politics - that’s the one subject I think is best left
alone.
• Do you prefer to chat with a group of people or with only one friend?
I lack confidence in a group so I get on better with people one on one. I feel that I can be
myself and freely share what’s on my mind without fear of embarrassing myself. Also, I can
have more in-depth discussions and form a deeper personal connection with the other person.
That’s what I tell myself at least.
• Do you prefer to communicate face-to-face or via social media?
I definitely enjoy having face-to-face conversations more than chatting online. This is because
I can express my true feelings more easily without having to use emojis. Also, I can see the
other person’s expressions to get some feedback on what I’m saying. There’s really no
comparison between the two - one is pure utility and the other is actual connection and
conversation.
• Do you argue with friends?
Absolutely, whenever I get the chance! Being friends doesn’t mean you’ll never argue. I think
disagreeing can even be a sign of a healthy relationship, especially if it’s done respectfully
and in good faith. During productive arguments, people get to say what’s on their mind and
then understand each other better. That’s what makes friendship stronger and closer, I believe.
Playing devil’s advocate on the other hand… - that’s the sort of bad faith confrontational style
that I can’t stand.
19. Noise
• Do you like to stay in places with lots of noise?
Actually, it depends on what kinds of noise it is we’re talking about and the level. If I’m on
holiday and its waves crashing on the shore or birds chirping away in trees or kids playing in
the background, then I'm a big fan. It can also be scary to live in a place with complete silence,
you know. However, it’d be irritating to stay near a place with constant commotion - near a
rowdy night market or a busy overpass or - worst of all - a big construction project.
• What makes the city noisy?
Traffic, that’s what comes first to mind, especially the honking but even all the braking and
yelling and loud engines. Also, the loud music blaring out of certain shops and restaurants to

23
attract customers. This is certainly the case in Vietnam, where a common strategy to draw
attention is playing really loud club music throughout the day - not sure of its effectiveness
to be honest…
• Are there any sounds you like?
Well of course, how could there not be? As I mentioned briefly before, I enjoy listening to
nature sounds - waterfalls, streams, gentle rain, birds singing, and crickets chirping away late
at night. These sounds help me relax, reduce stress and encourage a positive mindset.
• What kind of noise do you dislike most?
I always felt uncomfortable, even disgusted, hearing someone scratching their nails on the
chalkboard. That screechy, high-pitched sound feels like it's drilling into my brain and sending
shivers down my spine. I think that’s common - that’s one of the most disliked sounds on
Earth.
• Is your area becoming noisier?
Yes, I live in Hanoi, the capital of Vietnam, where the population is always growing. As one
of the most densely populated cities in the country, there's the constant hum from private
vehicles, even past midnight in certain areas. Nowadays, it's becoming even noisier due to the
rapid pace of urbanization, increased transportation, ongoing construction, and intensifying
industrial activities.
• How do you feel about people making noise around you?
Well, I get a bit annoyed every now and then because I prefer quiet when working or studying
- and I seem to be under it with something or other all the time these days. But, you know, in
a city like Hanoi, finding absolute silence is more or less a fruitless endeavor. So, I try not to
let it get to me too much.
20. Travelling
• Do you like travelling?
Yeah, absolutely! I mean, who doesn’t love traveling? I mean, apart from workaholics, I think
everyone enjoys taking a break from the daily grind to recharge for a few days at the
minimum. It's also great to explore new things and make lasting memories. I’m more into
active holidays myself so I’m always on the lookout for a new hike or coastal region to
explore.

24
 • How often do you go travelling?
I manage to carve out time for trips about four times a year, mostly short getaways. I'd love
to travel more, but with my busy schedule and being on a tight budget, planning a big trip is
a job in itself.
• Where do you usually travel?
I love all types of places - I’m not that particular. If I'm in the mood for a serene beach and a
peaceful fishing village, places like Da Nang or Quy Nhon are tops on my list. For a refreshing
mountain experience, I'll head to more tranquil spots like Da Lat. There's nothing like getting
up early and going “cloud hunting,” as people here in Vietnam call it, in the misty hills.
• How do you feel when you are travelling?
It can vary naturally but I’m generally excited. The thrill of exploring new places, meeting
new people, and trying new things is invigorating all on its own - regardless of the hassles
that may come up along the way. Additionally, there's a sense of accomplishment, a rewarding
feeling that my hard work has paid off, and I relish the chance to indulge in whatever I desire
during my adventures.
21. Friends
• Do you have any good friends who live far away? (Why/Why not?)
No, because almost all my friends live near me. And it’s kind of become out of sight, out
of mind, not that that was my intention. I think it’s hard to keep a friendship up when there
are major geographical restraints in place.
• Are you still friends with any of your childhood friends? (Why/Why not?)
Of course, even now, I still keep in touch and hang out with them sometimes. But it’s
getting rarer and rarer as we all get caught up in our own lives.
• What do you value most about your friends? (Why?)
I value sincerity and kindness. We might not have as much time to hang out together as we
did in university, before work, but they still support me whenever I need them or face
difficulties in my life.
• Do you think you are a good friend? (Why/Why not?)
Undoubtedly. I’m willing to help my friends when they need a helping hand, although I
must admit that sometimes I’m hesitant depending on what’s going on exactly, like lending

25
a friend a large amount of money - you don’t want to get burned in that situation.
22. Neighbourhood
• Do you think neighbors are important?
In my opinion, neighbors definitely hold a community together and shouldn’t be dismissed or
ignored. They're often the ones we turn to in times of need, whether it's borrowing a cup of
sugar or seeking help during an emergency. Beyond just the practical aspects, I’m friends
with lots of my neighbors and that enriches my life in a thousand subtle unseen ways.
• Have you ever borrowed something from your neighbors or lent something to
them?
Definitely! One of the best parts about living in a close-know neighborhood is the sense of
community. Not too long ago, I borrowed some books from my next-door neighbor and, in
exchange, I lent her some of my board games. It's a great way to build a bond and discover
shared interests - or even to put someone else in your debt so you can call in a favor someday
down the line.
• How can we get along with our neighbors?
From what I've observed, a simple smile or a friendly wave when you see them can make a
big difference and brighten up someone’s otherwise dreary day. Just being approachable and
friendly, you know? I also believe that being considerate, like not playing loud music late at
night, is a great way to keep the peace. And if there's a problem, having a chat over a cup of
tea works wonders. It's all about understanding and respect at the end of the day. If you smile
at someone, it’s almost impossible for them not to smile back.
• Do you think it's important to have a good relationship with your neighbors? Why
or why not?
I reckon it's crucial to maintain a good rapport with neighbors. Firstly, it ensures a supportive
environment; if you're ever in need or in a jam, you can rely on them for help. Secondly, a
tight-knit community tends to be safer as neighbors watch out for each other. If you see a
stranger hanging around their place, you can let them know. Plus, it's always nice to have
friendly chats or share different odds and ends, making daily life more pleasant and frugal.

26
23. Sunglasses
• Do people in your country often wear sunglasses?
Yes, in Vietnam, wearing sunglasses is quite common, especially during the summer when
the temperature can sometimes reach up to 40 degrees Celsius. There’s still sun in the winter
but there’s something about heat and brightness that really calls for a pair of shades. So people
often wear them to protect their eyes from harsh sunlight. Also, they’re a fashion accessory.
• Where can you buy sunglasses?
In Vietnam, people can buy sunglasses all around. The most popular options are department
stores, specialized eyewear shops, and online platforms - though you can get them from
vendors on the street too. Lots of fashion boutiques and outdoor gear stores also carry a wide
range of sunglasses.
• Do you spend a lot of money on sunglasses?
Honestly, I’ve never actually bought a pair. That’s mainly because I wear normal glasses to
correct my vision and putting on another pair of glasses whenever I go outside would be pretty
inconvenient for me. I know I can get lenses made that are tinted so I might look into that
someday down the line. For now, I try to buy the all-in-one kind of glasses that can protect
me from UV rays and also improve my eyesight.
• What types of sunglasses do you have?
As I mentioned earlier, I don’t own any sunglasses. But I do have a small set of clip-on lenses
which work as sunglasses that go over my current eyeglasses. It came as an add-on when I
bought my last pair of glasses but I rarely use them when I go out because they look funny
and are inconvenient to take on and off all the time.
• Have you ever given sunglasses as a gift?
Well, yes, I gave sunglasses as a gift to one of my friends. I think they made a stylish and
practical present. My friend is really fashion-conscious and outdoorsy so I knew what to look
for. She likes them as far as I can tell.

27
24. Sweets and cakes
• Do you like to eat sweets?
Definitely, I really enjoy eating sweets. Chocolates, candy, pastries, I have a tough time
turning down anything sweet and I don’t consider any meal complete without some dessert at
the end - a habit I wish had never been ingrained in my growing up.
• Do you like sweets more or less now compared to when you were a child?
I think my preference for sweets is more or less the same. While I try not to indulge in them
as much as I did in my childhood for the sake of my health, I still have a sweet tooth and
enjoy treating myself with sweets like milk tea or candy bars when no one is looking.
• Why do people like sweets?
I believe people are drawn to sweets due to the taste and the pleasure they bring. Sweet foods
evoke positive emotions and are associated with celebrations and special occasions - there’s
a nostalgia to them as you get older. I guess humans are also hardwired to seek out sugar -
though not in the quantities we consume in processed foods these days.
• Have you ever made a cake yourself?
No, I haven’t had the chance or inclination really. Even though I often cook for my family,
I’ve never tried my hand at baking before. The main reason is that baking requires equipment
that I don’t have to hand in the kitchen now - an oven, oven mitts, a rolling pin, baking dishes,
etc. Just thinking about preparing all that seems like a bit of a hassle.
• On what occasions do people in your culture eat special cakes or other sweet
foods?
In Vietnam, cakes and sweet foods are often enjoyed during traditional celebrations like
birthdays, weddings and various cultural festivals. The most well-known would be mooncake
- which can be sweet or savory - which we eat around New Year’s.
• Do you often eat cakes or sweets after a meal?
I tend to go for the healthier option of fruits but I do enjoy having them occasionally as a
dessert when I eat out. It’s just a habit I’ve picked up over the years and have a tough time
kicking.

28
25. Crowded place
• Is the city where you live crowded?
Absolutely, I’m in Hanoi at the moment, which is the capital of Vietnam and one of the most
crowded cities in my country. It's a bustling metropolis so it attracts a large population that
come here to work and study. The streets are more or less all the time filled with people going
about their daily business.
• What kind of places are crowded where you’re living now?
In Hanoi, it’s the typical spots you’d imagine - public transportation hubs and intersections
between main roads are always crowded during rush hour. Also, popular tourist attractions
and entertainment venues often draw large crowds on special occasions like the weekends or
holidays. All the lakes around the city, naturally.
• Do you like crowded places?
Not especially. I’m kind of an introvert so I don’t really feel at ease hanging around in
crowded places like shopping malls or wet markets. They’re just overwhelming for me.
Instead, I prefer going to places with quieter and more serene environments such as coffee
shops or libraries.
• When was the last time you were in a crowded place?
Just a few days ago if I recall correctly - when I went to the Old Quarter to celebrate New
Year’s Eve with my friends. And as you can imagine, the streets that day were packed with
locals and tourists alike - it was chaotic but fun.
• Do you prefer to go to crowded places or places that have few people?
As I mentioned earlier, I’m not really a fan of crowded places. However, there are certain
occasions when I enjoy a vibrant atmosphere like during a live event - a concert, for example.
But most of the time, I appreciate the tranquility of places with fewer people so I don’t feel
ill at ease and I can get some work done or hang out with my friends and have a real
conversation.
• Why do people like to go to crowded places?
In my opinion, people are drawn to crowded locations depending on what’s going on. If it’s
a cinema, then they’re there for the movie, if it’s a market, they’re there to shop. Sometimes
the crowd itself can be part of the attraction like on New Year’s Eve.

29
26. Singing
• Do you like singing?
Well, yeah. It’s a great way to express myself and unwind. But I’m not really a good singer
so I only sing when I’m alone at home in the shower and no one’s home or when I hang out
with my best friends at karaoke bars. I never sing when there are strangers around who might
judge me.
• Did your school teach you to sing?
Kind of, in primary and middle school, singing is a part of the curriculum in a way. During
music class and regular classes sometimes too, we learned about basic vocal techniques and
practiced singing songs - sometimes to learn about music and sometimes as part of another
lesson, like singing the ABCs to learn English.
• Do many people in Vietnam know how to sing?
Oh yeah Not only do Vietnamese people know how to sing, they relish the opportunity to sing
in public. That’s why you can easily find karaoke bars literally everywhere - in every
neighborhood and around the holiday season people just sit outside their homes and belt away
sometimes.
• Did you enjoy singing when you were younger?
As far as I remember, yes. And I still enjoy singing to this day. But even when I was younger,
I only sang whenever I felt comfortable, such as around my family and close friends. Or in a
chorus in class when all the other voices would drown mine out.
• Who do you want to sing for?
Honestly, I just want to sing for myself. It would be cool to sing for family or friends, but it’s
not my greatest talent to say the least. Sharing music with the people I care about would be a
meaningful experience for me but I think I’ll leave that to the experts.
• Do you think singing can bring happiness to people?
Definitely, I believe singing has the power to bring joy to everyone. Music has the unique
ability to evoke emotions, and singing allows individuals to express themselves and connect
with others on a deeper level. This is evidenced in the popularity of the music industry - it is
probably the single biggest art form on the Earth I’d say.

30
27. Video games
• What games are popular in your country?
In my country, video games are huge. Role-playing games such as The Witcher and strategy
games like Age of Empires have dedicated fan bases. These days, it’s mostly mobile games
that are popular, especially those with multiplayer and social features. I don’t play them
myself so I can’t name them offhand but I spy people on them more or less 24/7.
• Do you play any games? (Why / Why not?)
Absolutely everybody plays video games nowadays and I’m no exception. It's not just about
having fun, but it's also a way to challenge myself and keep my mind active. Plus, it’s great
for socializing - hanging out with friends, be it in person or online. So yeah, gaming is
definitely a big part of my downtime though mostly PC games and consoles, not mobile
games.
• Do you like playing video games or watching others play video games?
I personally find more satisfaction in actively playing and immersing myself in the gaming
experience. The hands-on effort and the sense of accomplishment that come with overcoming
challenges within a game are what make gaming truly rewarding for me. I’m not big into
gaming streaming websites like Twitch - what a waste of time!
• Do you prefer playing video games alone or with others?
I like a bit of both to be honest. There are times when I just want to kick back and play games
solo. It's my me time. But on the other hand, playing with others has a whole different vibe to
it. It's like this big social gaming party where you either team up for a mission or go head-to-
head in some friendly competition. So, it depends on the day and what kind of gaming mood
I'm in!
• Do you think people spend too much time playing video games?
I think it's subjective. For some people, gaming is a great way to unwind and have fun, and
as long as it doesn't interfere with other responsibilities, it’s a harmless hobby. But, like
anything, too much of it might not be the best. It becomes a concern when it starts affecting
things like work, relationships, or overall well-being. So, moderation is key – enjoying
gaming but making sure it doesn't make you neglect other essential aspects of life.

31
 • Is it good for young people to play video games?
I think it's totally fine for younger people to play video games. I mean, they're not just fun but
can be kinda good for honing their certain skills such as problem-solving skills and strategic
thinking. It's like a mental workout. Plus, as I mentioned earlier, with multiplayer games, it's
like a social thing – connecting with friends and having a good time.
28. Memory
• Are you good at memorizing things?
I think it depends on the thing in question almost entirely. For trivial things, they seem to slip
my mind really quickly - like phone numbers and names. But for important ones, like the date
of my graduation ceremony or a big deadline, then I have a way of getting those to stick in
my mind.
• Do you need to remember things often?
Well, I suppose, just like anyone else. Whether it's work-related tasks or personal
appointments, there's always something to keep in mind. I rely on tools like Google calendar
and voice memos and reminders to stay on top of what I’ve got going on and make sure I
don't miss out on anything important.
• Have you ever forgotten something important?
Yeah, of course, who hasn’t? I 've forgotten my loved ones' birthdays a few times. Last year,
I missed my mother's birthday which was 3 days earlier than Vietnamese Women's Day. Not
sure how I managed that one but only after Women's Day did I realize I had let my mother
down. To make it up to her treated her to a nice meal and apologized to her profusely over
the next year or so.
• Why do some people have good memories while others don’t?
Well, it's a tricky question, and I’m not really in a position to give a definitive answer. I would
say people generally have different attributes. Some people seem to have naturally good
memories, and can accurately summon up names, events and dates from thin air but find
themselves absent-minded in other ways. For example, a person might be good at memorizing
numbers, mathematical equations and other logical matters but terrible at drawing or
connecting on an emotional level with others.

32
 • Why do more people rely on cell phones to memorize things?
In a digital age, it would be a waste if people didn't use hi-tech devices to help out. I mean,
smartphone applications are like memory superheroes – you can jot down notes and set alarms
and reminders. That frees up the brain to focus more on the task at hand - it’s one of the very
few ways in which smartphones have benefited mental health.
29. Social media
• Do you think you spend too much time on social media?
Honestly, yeah, sometimes I feel like I do spend a bit too much time scrolling through social
media mindlessly. It's easy to get sucked into a social media wormhole, you know? One
minute you're checking a notification, and the next thing you know, you've been on it for an
hour and you’re no less lonely than you were when you first opened up TikTok or Instagram
or Facebook.
• Do your friends use social media?
Oh, absolutely. I don't think I have a single friend who doesn't use social media in some form
or another. It's like the go-to way for us to stay connected, share updates, and just keep up
with what everyone's up to. Without it, you’d become a social pariah.
• What do people often do on social media?
Tons! They post updates about their lives, share photos and videos, comment on each other's
posts, and a lot of people use it to stay informed about news and current events - though there
is the risk of unreliable news sources. That’s not to mention the recent growth of reels as a
form of entertainment.
• When did you start using social media?
I started using it when I was in secondary school, which was about 10 years back now.
Initially, I was a bit reluctant, but I quickly realized it's a great tool for staying connected with
friends, family, and even reconnecting with old classmates regardless of where we’re living
now. I have no regrets whatsoever.
30. Losing things
• Do you often lose things?
To be honest, I have to confess that my memory is not the greatest. I misplace small items,
like lipstick and my keys, quite frequently. It can be quite frustrating to constantly be

33
searching for this and that on my way out the door. I often find myself racking my brain to
remember where I last had them. It's a small inconvenience, but it does affect my daily life
and is a general irritant.
• What can we do to avoid losing things?
There are several effective ways to avoid losing things - not that I’d really know. Firstly,
create a checklist for essential items that need to be brought when leaving home. Before
leaving a place, we need to go through the checklist to ensure we’ve got it all. Of course, this
is probably actually way more work than just remembering things. Additionally, assign a
dedicated spot for frequently used items, such as keys, a wallet, or phone. Always return these
items to their designated location when not in use - most people have a hook or a dish for
their keys by the door, for example.
• Why do some people tend to lose things more often than others?
Well for individuals with memory issues like age-related cognitive decline, they may become
really absent-minded. Besides, those who are naturally disorganized or have cluttered living
and working spaces may also find it challenging to keep track of their possessions. I’ve got a
few scatter-brained friends like that…
• What would you do if you found something lost by others?
I’d return it or keep it for myself depending on what it is. If the item has any form of
identification, such as a name, address, or phone number, I’ll try to contact the owner directly.
Another option would be to hand it over to the local authorities, such as the police or a lost
and found service in case of valuable belongings, as they may have procedures in place for
handling lost items. If all else fails, I might post online in a forum. But if it’s something nice,
I might just pretend I was always the owner to begin with.
31. Colours
• What is your favorite color?
One color that I absolutely adore is blue. It just has this incredible ability to put me at ease no
matter the situation. There's something about a soothing shade of blue that instantly triggers
something in my brain that calms me down. I find that when I look at a clear blue sky or gaze
at the gentle waves of a blue ocean, all my worries and troubles seem to fade away. Blue has

34
this magical power to transport me to a peaceful state of mind, where I can let go of all the
stress and tensions of the day.
• Do you usually wear clothes in your favorite color?
When it comes to the color blue, my favorite color, it's a bit hit or miss for me. To be
completely honest, blue doesn't really suit my complexion, so I tend to have a limited selection
of clothes in this color. I find that other shades and tones complement my skin tone better, so
I tend to gravitate towards those warmer colors when it comes to choosing what to wear on
any given day.
• Are there any colors that have a special meaning in your country?
I think they all do to some extent but red is the one that stands out in my mind. The Vietnamese
consider red to be a symbol of good luck and fortune. So during special occasions like
weddings or Tet holiday, people often dress up in red or decorate their homes with red.
• Do you think different types of people like different colors?
Yes, of course, I think that goes without saying. People's preferences for colors can be
influenced by various factors such as individual differences, cultural background, and
personal experience. For example, extroverts might be drawn to vibrant and bold colors like
red, orange, or bright yellow that convey energy and excitement. Introverts might lean
towards softer and more muted colors, such as pastels or earthy tones, much more in line with
how they see themselves.
32. Spending money
• Do you spend a lot of money?
No, I’m fairly thrifty actually. I try to be mindful of my expenses and prioritize saving. I
believe in living within my means and making conscious choices when it comes to spending.
By budgeting and tracking my expenses, I can ensure that I allocate my money wisely and
avoid unnecessary expenses. Additionally, I often look for ways to cut costs, such as by
comparing prices, utilizing discounts and promotions, and avoiding impulse purchases.
• What do you usually spend money on?
Mostly just the essentials - food, transportation, and housing. But I like to enjoy myself from
time to time as well - going to concerts is one of my favorite indulgences - especially if a
good international singer rolls through Vietnam.

35
 • Do you use a credit card?
I have a credit card, however, I rarely use it because I find it extremely challenging to control
my spending when I rely on it. So I prefer to use alternative payment methods such as cash
or debit cards - that way I make more conscious purchasing decisions and I’m not at risk of
going out of control.
• How do Vietnamese people generally make payments?
It varies quite a bit depending on the age group. Middle-aged or older individuals tend to opt
for cash. This is likely because they feel more comfortable handling physical currency -
they’re used to it and it feels safer. On the other hand, the convenience and ease of online
banking, with features such as mobile apps and online payment platforms, have made it the
go-to choice for younger generations. They appreciate the ability to make quick and secure
transactions from the comfort of their own devices, without the need to carry cash or visit
physical bank branches. And they are tech-savvy enough to be confident they won’t be
scammed.
33. Advertisements/commercials
• Do you often remember advertisements/commercials that you’ve seen?
(Why/Why not?)
I think it depends on the quality of the ads and what they’re marketing. If they’re well-made
with a catchy song, I find that I not only retain information about the advertised products or
services but also remember the content of the advertisement a bit better. But ads that are
boring and conventional are in one ear and out the other - hopefully they are, at least.
• What do you usually do when advertisements/commercials come on TV or the
internet? (Why/Why not?)
I usually skip them because I find ads irritating distractions - like everyone else. I think we’re
all in the habit of waiting 5 seconds to hit ‘skip ad’ on YouTube and I rarely ever watch
traditional television so that issue never really comes up where I can’t skip ahead.
• Have you ever seen advertisements/commercials that you really didn’t like?
(Why?)
Certainly! So many it’s hard to name just one… A few years ago, when I was watching a
football final with my dad, a commercial for Kangaroo air-conditioners appeared during the

36
halftime break. It was 5 seconds long but was repeated almost 30 times. It really got on my
nerves. The jingle was awful and the acting was melodramatic.
• Would you like to be in advertisements/commercials one day? (Why/Why not?)
That could be interesting, sure. Advertisements often feature celebrities so it could be an
opportunity for me to have direct contact with famous people and even get some autographs.
Apart from that, I would also feel like a celebrity myself and I’d really have to stretch my
acting abilities just to land one.
34. Feeling bored
• Do you often feel bored? (Why/Why not?)
To be honest, I hardly ever feel truly bored as I usually hang out with friends or travel when
I have free time. But sometimes, I feel in a rut at work. Doing the same things over and over
can be so mundane, and I find myself yearning for something more exciting or varied to inject
some new energy into my work routine. Maybe I need to move on…
• Did you ever find school boring when you were a child? (Why/Why not?)
Of course! Although the lessons were useful in hindsight, they were so boring compared to
the fun of playing hide and seek or jump rope with friends. Plus, I also felt fed up with the
huge amount of homework near midterms and finals and my mind would wander a lot in class
- as a coping mechanism I suppose.
• What sort of things do you find most boring now? (Why/Why not?)
It's probably the repetitive tasks at work that get to me most these days. I just don't feel like
I'm picking up anything new in terms of professional know-how or soft skills. I’m not really
actualizing my full potential. They take up a lot of time but I don’t see the benefits - it’s a lot
of busywork at the end of the day.
• What do you do to stop yourself feeling bored? (Why/Why not?)
To beat boredom, I often listen to my favorite tunes on YouTube or look up some funny
content online. But there are other times when there’s nothing I can do so I just try to power
through it. It’s a normal human experience to feel bored so I don’t want to reach for my phone
every minute like an addict.

37
35. News
• Do you read the news?
I have a habit of following important news happening in my country like the introduction of
new policies or major crimes to stay in the loop just in case - I don’t really take any action
based on the news though. I usually read it online because it’s more convenient compared to
buying a newspaper at a newsstand.
• Do famous people often appear in the news?
Well, how could they not?! News about celebrities, especially their personal lives, often
attracts public attention and goes viral, so journalists write news about them. This isn’t really
that different from political or world news - all companies are motivated to bring in revenue
by getting more clicks. And stories centered around major figures around the world are sure
to deliver traffic.
• Do you like to follow celebrities in the news?
As I said before, I prefer to keep up to date about crucial news related to my life rather than
celebrity gossip. Gossip is sometimes interesting, but it pales in comparison to the burning
issues in society that really deserve our attention.
• Do you think what is said in the news is correct?
I suppose that not all information in the news is accurate. In fact, while news from official or
reliable sources like governmental information websites or well-regarded newspapers is
trustworthy, other news organizations really shouldn’t be trusted. For example, during the
Covid-19 pandemic, there was a lot of fake news and conspiracy theories about the mortality
rate in my country that caused public confusion.

38
39
TOPIC 1:
PERSON

40
1. Describe a person who enjoys cooking for others.
You should say:
• Who this person is
• What he/she likes to cook
• Who he/she cooks for
And explain why he/she enjoys cooking.
Answer:

I used to live in a neighborhood with a fairly diverse population relative to other areas. There
were people from many different countries living together ranging from some Japanese and
Indians to Mexicans and Africans. Every Sunday, we’d have a neighborhood get-together - a
block party almost - where everyone brings their own food and drink. While all of us would
bring this or that decent dish, there was one person’s food that we were most excited to eat
and that was Alberta’s.

Alberta was an American who had moved to my neighborhood for work and she enjoyed
cooking comfort food from the Southern United States like fried chicken, waffles, oxtail,
sweet potatoes and collard greens since she is originally from that region. She told me that
she was taught these recipes as a child by her mother and they’d been in the family for
generations - takes on regional specialties. Alberta really relished cooking for others - I think
it was, still is I’m sure, one of the great pleasures in her life. Also, she once told me she wanted
people to experience the food from her region as not many are all that familiar with it. Not
the healthiest food I’d concede but really good and memorable.

She also once mentioned to me that she really loves the process of whipping up dishes - I
could tell she was a very hands-on person. I think she was successful in the time she lived in
my neighborhood in bringing some southern flair to our corner of the globe.

41
Part 3:
• Have you ever cooked for others?
No, not in a real way. I cook for myself all the time but that’s different - I don't have to stress
out about someone else’s palate. Also, I’ve never really invited people over to my house
before so I haven’t had an opportunity to whip up a meal for others. Perhaps someday I’ll
change that by hosting a small dinner party with friends but it’s not a prospect I’m looking
forward to.
• What do we need to prepare before cooking?
It goes without saying but we need to prepare the ingredients for the recipe in question.
Sometimes you can make substitutions but sometimes you really need everything in the
recipe. For example, to make nachos we need cheese, nacho chips, red beans, guacamole and
salsa. Without the cheese, the nachos will be bland. We also need to get ready all the tools we
need. For example, to cook fried eggs we need a frying pan and a spatula. If the recipe is
complex, then there may be a lot of prep cutting things up too - or marinating meats for
example.
• Is food an important part of Vietnamese festivals?
Oh for sure. For example, banh chung is a cake that is traditionally eaten during the Lunar
New Year and it symbolizes the earth. It’s a bit tricky to describe in English but it’s basically
a sticky, glutinous cake made from rice I suppose and with a filling inside - pork and spices
and a type of bean I believe. We also eat mooncake during the Mid-Autumn Festival and they
obviously symbolize the moon. Needless to say, food is integral to our celebrations and I’d
even go so far as to say it’s the best part of the holidays.
• Do you think cooking should be a compulsory or elective course? Why?
I think cooking should be compulsory. In some ways it might put too much pressure on
students as they already have enough on their plate when it comes to other subjects. But if
you think about it, there are lots of things you learn at school that never really come in handy
in the real world. Cooking isn’t like that. You’ll certainly need to cook and getting in some
experience early means you’ll be less likely to waste money eating out or hinder your long-
term health going for easy options like fast food.

42
 • Are there any differences between cooking today and in the past?
In the past, national cuisines hardly ever mixed together. Nowadays, thanks to globalization,
there are restaurants popping up specializing in fusion cuisine, where two or more seemingly
disparate cuisines are combined into one - such as western and asian foods or obvious
examples like Tex-Mex. Also, cooking these days now involves more experimental
techniques such as molecular gastronomy as a way to push past traditional cooking paradigms.
2. Describe a foreigner you know who speaks your language (Vietnamese) well.
You should say:
• Who this person is
• Where he/she is from
• How he/she learns Vietnamese
And explain why he/she can speak Vietnamese well.
Answer:
I once had an American boss named Jack who could speak Vietnamese very well - really
surprisingly well, in fact. I was working for his company - an import / export firm in Hanoi
and my job was basically to be a lowly intern. More specifically, I was assigned the boss’s
junior secretary, which more or less entailed arranging meetings, filing paperwork and
contacting clients on the boss’s behalf. If there’s one thing I didn’t need to do, it was to be an
interpreter because Jack was fluent enough in Vietnamese to get by conversationally, more
so than most of my foreigner friends.
Jack moved to Vietnam in the mid-1990s from somewhere in the American Midwest I believe.
Prior to that, he had worked in Montana and California in the agriculture industry as a
middleman for large retail chains like Walmart and Target. When I asked him how he had
become so adept in Vietnamese, he told me that he had lived in the country for almost 25
years and just picked it up in the course of having daily conversations with locals. Sometimes
he’d attend a more structured Vietnamese class but most of the time, it came about naturally.
He told me that the best way to learn a language is to actually practice it with native speakers
in real communicative contexts. I’ve taken his advice to heart though it’s tricky to immerse
myself in English since I’m not living abroad.

43
Part 3:
• What foreign languages do Vietnamese children learn?
Most of the time, Vietnamese children learn English as parents and schools know it will give
them an edge when it comes to future education and employment prospects. As such, there
has been a boom in the number of English teaching centres opening up over the past decade.
Sometimes, students also learn Korean thanks to the popularity of K-pop and K-dramas, but
they learn it on their own generally as it is not part of the national curriculum.
• Why are so many people learning English?
Like I said before, it’s because people see it as a way to get a leg up or even just a prerequisite
these days. Countries around the world have adopted English as a business language since
most transactions and deals are conducted in English as a lingua franca Also, much of the
world follows what Western countries are doing as a model of success and they see using
English as part of that model to emulate.
• How can children learn English?
Children can learn English by reading picture books. They can associate the words with the
pictures and from there they’ll figure out how to describe something in English. That’s the
natural way to learn and much better than any textbook. Children can also learn English
through online applications like Duolingo or Babbel. They have exercises that go through
common vocabulary and grammar through repetition exercises. They also have rewards that
motivate children to keep going, but I think these apps are actually a poor way to learn and
should just be supplemental.
• Do you think the way people learn English today is the same as in the past?
I think there has been a change in how people learn English today compared to the past. These
days, there has been widespread adoption of technology in learning English. With the help of
computers and smartphones, students can more easily look up the meanings of words and the
correct context to use them in. People can also use applications in their free time like
Duolingo, allowing them to learn at their own pace. This wasn’t possible in the past, as
students had to learn in classes which were more structured and less flexible. Though you
could always read a book - lots of people in the past were self-taught.

44
 • What are the benefits of the internet for learning?
I think for one, the Internet is a helpful source of information. It is home to so many websites
and documents that contain just about every bit of information ever recorded in human
history. Therefore, users can almost instantly search for the information they need and use it
for work or study or just when they’re curious. For another, it can encourage greater flexibility
in learning. Online courses allow students to study at their own pace any time any place - as
opposed to studying at school where they have to be in the classroom on time and all go at
the same speed through lessons.
3. Describe a person who has interesting ideas and opinions.
You should say:
• Who this person is
• How you know this person
• What interesting ideas/opinions he/she
And explain why you think his/her ideas are interesting.
Answer:
I have a friend - a colleague actually - Jake - who has really weird, out-of-the-box opinions
on everything. I’m a software engineer and Jake is in marketing - some kind of executive I
believe. We often meet up around lunch or after work to hang out and so I can pick his brain
about a bunch of zany topics. For example, he always rants about how AI will spell the doom
of humanity by taking away jobs and becoming self-aware to the point where it can overthrow
humanity. That’s not such an odd opinion actually - I’ve heard people parrot those ideas a ton
of times. He also goes on about how the Earth is actually flat, not round. He presented me
with so-called ‘evidence’ of the Earth being flat - he’s a flat-earther, so that tells you a lot
about him.
However, by far the most controversial and subversive opinion Jake has is the fact that there
should be no national governments at all and instead countries should be run by corporations.
Individuals would therefore have to fend for themselves yet they would be free to do whatever
they wanted to do. This is a very libertarian, almost anarchist proposal. He believes that the
concept of a government severely limits personal and financial freedom and thus shouldn’t
exist. Even though I massively disagree with this opinion, I still find it interesting because it

45
sort of reveals how Jake values personal freedom above all else, perhaps a bit to the extreme.
I just hope he never gets a position of authority beyond doing some marketing for our
company.
Part 3:
• When do you think children start to have their own opinions?
I think that around the age of 7 or 8, children should start to form their own opinions, that’s
my best guess at least. At that age, they’ve learned a lot from their parents and from school
and they start to be a bit more independent. Children younger than 7 years old don’t really
know what an opinion is and they often rely on their parents for cues about how to act and
talk. When kids become self-conscious and start to be self-critical that starts the maturation
process that will continue, if they’re lucky, for the rest of their lives.
• Are children’s opinions influenced by their parents?
Of course, how could they not be? Parents generally have more knowledge, experience and
wisdom than their children, so they look to them when it comes to how to behave and talk
and what to think of the world. Parents would have their own opinions about life and children
parrot them up until a certain age. However, once children grow up and are further exposed
to the world around them, that’s when they’ll start to make up their own mind about things.
• Who are smart children likely to be influenced by?
That’s a very unusual question but I think smart children are most likely to be influenced by
their teachers. Teachers are responsible for imparting lessons and conveying information to
children and so those who are particularly intelligent look up to their teachers for advice -
they take advantage of the opportunities given them in life. But it’s also a bit of a ‘chicken or
the egg’ problem - teachers who teach their students well will make kids smarter and those
kids will in turn be more receptive to learning as they are more confident.
• How do inventors come up with new ideas?
Inventors come up with new ideas by finding a unique solution to a long-standing problem.
Most new inventions or belief systems are derived from an issue that needs fixing. For
example, to solve the problem of cleaning large spaces more efficiently, the vacuum cleaner
was invented. For another example, to be able to write pages legibly and quickly, the

46
typewriter was invented. This is where the mantra that ‘necessity is the mother of invention’
comes from.
• Are old ideas still relevant today?
I think old ideas are very relevant these days. These ideas have worked before in the past and
they are guaranteed to work again in the future. Well, that’s what some people think. There
are a lot of traditional ideas that probably should, and will, die out but people still cling to
them for a sense of security. This is especially the case when it comes to culture and politics.
Old customs like arranged marriages have generally disappeared but they still exist in certain
cultural groups. But who am I to criticize? It’s not as though modern marriage customs are
all that successful by comparison…
• Is there anyone in your country who is considered an innovator?
I don’t think we really look up to anyone in our country for great ideas because we usually
look abroad for innovation. We don’t have a homegrown innovator or thought leader on the
same level as Bill Gates, Steve Jobs or Elon Musk. But I think there are people who are just
as talented, intelligent and driven here, they just haven’t had the same opportunities. If we’re
really going to pinpoint someone from Vietnam who has great ideas and is admired for them,
then I might suggest someone like Pham Nhat Vuong, who is the chairman of Vingroup and
is lauded for his business acumen across a variety of sectors from real estate to automobiles.
4. Describe a successful person who you once studied or worked with.
You should say:
• Who this person is
• When and what you studied/ worked together
• What this person did to become successful
And explain how you felt about studying/ working with this person.
Answer:

The first person that comes to my mind for this topic would be a classmate of mine from my
college days, Chau, who was pursuing a degree in English, same as me. We took a few classes
together and had the opportunity to work together on a few different academic projects.

47
We collaborated on tons of little assignments, presentations, and group projects during our
college years. Our shared interest in English and literature especially created a strong bond
between us, and we often found ourselves discussing and analyzing literary works after class
and by messenger.
What truly set Chau apart from other students in my year was her exceptional analytical and
critical thinking skills. She had a remarkable ability to delve deeply into literary texts and
extract nuanced meanings - she had really original and keen insights. This made our
collaborative efforts on literary analyses and research projects highly insightful and
productive.
Chau’s path to success was defined by her dedication to English literature. She not only
excelled in her coursework but also actively engaged in extracurricular activities in the field.
She participated in literary discussion clubs and was an avid contributor to academic journals,
all of which goes a long way to explaining her later success.
Working alongside Chau was a genuinely enriching experience. Her enthusiasm for English
language literature was infectious, and it motivated me to explore literary works more
profoundly. She really emphasized the importance of critical thinking and encouraged her
classmates to question the conventional interpretations of texts. I have great respect for her
academic accomplishments and collaborative spirit - she never talked down to you or made
you feel like you were beneath her.
Part 3:
• Is money the only measure of success in your country?
Speaking from my own personal experience, money is often seen as the most significant
measure of success in my country, but it's not the only one. While financial stability and
independence are important, people also consider other factors like fulfillment, happiness,
and one's impact on society. For me, success can be defined more broadly to include personal
growth, career satisfaction, and contributions to the community. So, while money is a
common indicator of success, it's not the sole measure.
• How do you define whether one is a successful person?
That’s a big question since success is a holistic concept and very subjective. But I think it
involves achieving one’s personal goals in one way or another, realizing one's potential, and

48
making a positive impact on others and society. A successful individual is someone who finds
fulfillment in their endeavors, maintains a good work-life balance, and demonstrates qualities
like perseverance, adaptability, and empathy. That’s the textbook definition - in reality, it may
look very different for different individuals.
• What is the standard of success in your country?
It’s hard to say exactly because it varies from person to person. While some emphasize
financial achievements - most, actually - others prioritize career advancement, personal
growth, or social contributions. It's subjective but I’d argue that for the vast majority of
reasonably-minded individuals, success is a blend of these elements, with people setting their
own unique standards and maybe prioritizing one area - such as personal growth - over
another at different points in life.
• Is there a contradiction between success and happiness?
I’d say no generally since success and happiness are not necessarily mutually exclusive, but
that said - they don't always align perfectly. Achieving success requires hard work, dedication,
and sacrifice, which can create stress and reduce happiness in the moment. You give up instant
gratification to have longer term gratification. Long-term success contributes to a lasting
sense of fulfillment and contentment. Striking a balance between success and happiness
involves managing expectations, setting achievable goals, and prioritizing well-being
alongside one's ambitions. Ultimately, success and happiness can complement each other
when pursued in moderation.
• What are the factors that influence students’ grades at school?
Obviously, there are several factors that influence students' grades in school. These include
the obvious ones - the quality of teaching, students' study habits, level of parental support, the
learning environment, and access to modern educational resources. Beyond those ones,
personal motivation and individual learning abilities play a significant role in academic
success - but it can be really hard to parse out these factors since they’re not independent of
each other. Still, regardless of the context, students who are self-disciplined, maintain
effective study strategies, and are supported by their teachers and families tend to perform
better in their studies in the long run.

49
5. Describe a sportsperson from your country who did well in a sports event.
You should say:
• Who he/she is
• What you know about him/her
• What achievement he/she has made
And explain why you admire him/her.
Answer:
This question kind of caught me off guard cause I’m not a very sporty person - in terms of
watching or playing them. However, I do follow the news generally on social media and I
came across some links recently about an athlete who just won gold in mixed doubles table
tennis at some big tournament. Her name is Tran Mai Ngoc.
I hadn’t heard about her before the event. However, during the SEA Games, there were all
sorts of videos and articles online about how Vietnamese athletes were performing and I saw
a bunch of short videos about a young woman who was advancing and making her mark in
the table tennis world. It was then that I learned about Tran Mai Ngoc. Her performances were
truly remarkable, I was totally taken aback by her lightning-fast reaction time - how she could
return with lots of topspin and handle tricky serves. Her opponent from Singapore in the final
is considered a top rival, and it was something of an upset I believe.
At the age of 11, Ngoc left her home to move to Hanoi to train to become a professional table
tennis player. After all those years of hard work and determination, this victory is definitely
a worthy achievement for everything she must have given up over the years. She has really
inspired a generation of young people who have little understanding and interest in sports like
me, to learn and feel proud of Vietnam’s burgeoning sports scene. I think that’s far more
meaningful than just securing a gold medal.
In person, she is super humble and gracious, from media reports at least. Despite growing
recognition in the table tennis world, she remains approachable and down-to-earth. As a 19-
year-old table tennis player, she has already left an indelible mark on the sport. I hope that
she will be able to achieve more in the future and stay so grounded while doing it.

50
Part 3:
• Should students have physical education and do sports at school?
Absolutely, I think students should definitely take part in physical education courses and get
involved in sports at school. First, physical activities such as running, jumping, and team
sports are crucial in just basic physical development - in the sense that they help build
strength, burn calories and manage your weight. On top of that, it’s a great way to reduce
stress and recharge between mentally-demanding lessons. Most students look forward to these
classes - and the ones that don’t probably need them the most since they might not be that
active outside of gym class.
• What qualities make an athlete?
What immediately jumps to mind when I think of an athlete is physical ability and sheer
determination. An athlete needs to be in good health of course, but they really need to possess
elite physical fitness, strength, and agility to excel in a chosen sport. However, it’s hard to
maintain this excellent physical condition without the discipline to adhere to strict training
regimens, dietary guidelines, and recovery routines in the long-term. If we’re talking about
professionals, then the average person might never really be able to understand what goes into
all that.
• Is talent important in sports?
Without a doubt. Having a natural affinity for a given sport can be a great - and motivating-
starting point. When athletes have inherent ability, it makes it easier for them to pick up and
master certain aspects of their sport. If you have good hand-eye coordination for example and
start playing table tennis - you’ll have some success right away and that will motivate you to
keep going. If you fail at the beginning, then you might give up right away. But success in
sports requires a combination of talent, hard work, and dedication if you want to stick with it
long-term.
• Is it easy to identify children’s talents?
Sometimes, kids might give us a hint about their talents, like in music, art, sports, or
academics. You might notice they're super into something, like music, and they'll be
humming, singing, or tinkering with instruments from a very young age. Meanwhile, the
talents that lie within children and are less overtly demonstratable such as leadership and

51
problem-solving ability are sometimes more difficult to identify as they need a nurturing
environment to develop and a subtle eye to pick them out.
• What is the most popular sport in your country?
Hands down, soccer. People of all ages here either play or watch it when they have some free
time. And every time a major tournament takes place like the World Cup or Champions
League, Vietnamese people from all walks of life just come together and enjoy the sport.
There’s really no competition - when the national team plays it’s a huge deal and you’ll see
tons of people watching on projector screens at cafes and then out on the road celebrating if
there’s a big win.
6. Describe a successful businessperson you know.
You should say:
• Who the person is
• How you know the person
• What business he/she does
And explain why he/she is successful.
Answer:
I once worked for a company that specialized in making cameras for shooting movies. It was
called Cinecam and it was headed up by a guy named Dave Cooper who founded the company
way back in 2005. Dave used to be a cameraman years ago back in the 80s and 90s in
Hollywood, and he was lucky enough to shoot with actors like Bruce Willis and Al Pacino.
But he retired from being a cameraman in the late 90s and decided to run his own business
and develop cameras that could shoot at varying frame rates and ultra-high resolution. The
high-end market.
Now, Cinecam is competing with the likes of Panavision in the professional cinema camera
market, presenting itself as a cheaper and better alternative to those companies. I got to know
Dave personally over the years as he would come by the office and oversee the production of
the cameras firsthand. He came off as a nice and intelligent person who was passionate about
his work, traits which are necessary to being a successful entrepreneur in any field.
On that note, I would say that Dave became a successful businessman because he cared a lot
about the company and took great pains to ensure his company would flourish in a highly

52
competitive camera market. Also, he kept a close watch on every aspect of the company, from
accounting and marketing to production and packaging. Cinecam as a result has seen record
profits and received plaudits from cameramen in the movie industry.
Part 3:
• What are the factors that lead to success?
That’s a big question since success is a holistic concept and very subjective. But I think it
involves achieving one’s personal goals in one way or another, realizing one's potential, and
making a positive impact on others and society. A successful individual is someone who finds
fulfillment in their endeavors, maintains a positive work-life balance, and demonstrates
qualities like perseverance, adaptability, and empathy. That’s the textbook definition - in
reality, it may look very different depending on the individual.
• What do people need to sacrifice for success?
A lot of the time people need to sacrifice their personal lives in order to attain success in a
given field. This means that they may have to forgo relationships, hobbies and passions in
order to devote themselves to their work in the hopes of reaching higher goals. However, this
can throw off people’s work-life balance and they can suffer numerous consequences, such
as poorer physical and mental health, feelings of isolation and a higher risk of depression; so
it is important to maintain a balance between work and private life.
• Is it easy for people to succeed in national tests in your country?
I can’t say from experience since I’ve never taken the national tests in Vietnam. I went to an
international school where they had a much different testing system than the one in public
schools. However, based on what my neighborhood friends told me, since they did go to
public school, it is a huge challenge to distinguish yourself on the national tests because not
only is it a marathon test, it covers a really wide range of topics. You might study a lot, but
then the test only tests you on a few specific areas. If you’re unlucky, you’ll do badly. If
you’re lucky, you might get a great score. And no matter how well you do, it is always relative
- there is always going to be some people at the top and other people below them.
• Is it easy for a business to be successful without harming the environment?
I don’t think so, since nearly all businesses require natural resources of some kind and they
are inevitably going to produce waste. These days, a firm and its offices need to use natural

53
resources ranging from fuel and electricity to paper and water. All these substances and
processes impact the natural environment. Paper and plastic will inevitably be thrown away
after being used. What companies should focus on instead is minimizing their impact on the
environment by any means possible, such as using supplies for longer or recycling or reducing
their usage of electricity and water.
• Do you know many family businesses?
Where I come from, family businesses are a common presence and they range from small
establishments like shops and family-owned restaurants to large firms and companies. One
that immediately comes to mind is a restaurant that serves typical Vietnamese food just down
the street from me. It was first opened in 1965 and has been run by three successive
generations of a family, with the eldest handling the business side, the middle handling the
food and the youngest handling the marketing. It’s a well-run business and there are always
plenty of customers inside and the food is top-notch.
7. Describe a person you know who likes to talk a lot.
You should say:
• Who this person is
• How you know this person
• What he/she usually talks about
And explain how you felt about him/her.
Answer:
I have a friend, an acquaintance really, who loves being the center of attention. Her name is
Lizzie and she’s a co-worker of mine at the marketing firm where I work. Lizzie works in
accounting and I’m in IT. She’s a little bit younger than me and I see her at work every now
and then when she needs me to help out with a technical issue.
Sometimes we hang out together with some other co-workers at a bar or coffee shop after
work to wrap up the day. Her favorite topic of discussion is fashion and make-up; she can
rattle off everything about the latest designs from high-end brands like Gucci and Prada. None
of that is really up my alley so I switch off a bit whenever Lizzie talks about them. But she
also likes to talk about movies and that’s a common interest - we’re both really into Korean
films.

54
Lizzie’s tendency to talk a lot sort of reflects her nature as an extrovert, which doesn’t really
gel with me - I’m someone who likes to keep to themselves and listen a lot. However, that’s
something I quite like about her as she has a real passion for talking and making friends.
Hopefully, one day, I’ll have the same level of confidence as her and we can compete to talk
over each other in a crowded coffee shop.
Part 3:
• Why do some children talk more than their peers?
That’s a tricky one but I think it’s because they’re just more confident and extroverted and
thus they enjoy talking a lot. These kinds of children like to express themselves and the most
common form of expression is talking. The deeper reasons for why they have that kind of
confidence? I’m not really sure about that but there are those who don’t enjoy talking a lot
since they are more quiet in nature. They just want to keep to themselves and not engage in
too deep of a conversation with others. While it is nice to encourage them to talk more, they
shouldn’t be forced into conversations as they don’t want to partake in them.
• How should people encourage children to express themselves when being asked
questions that they are afraid to answer?
I think people should assure children that it’s OK for them to answer the question wrong -
they shouldn’t fear the consequences. That way, they won’t feel pressured to answer it in a
certain way and they can be more open. Another thing people can do is to let children answer
the question in whatever way they like. Again, this can help to ease the pressure off them to
answer in a certain manner and they can be more free to express themselves in their own way.
This is a subtle art though and depends a lot on the child, the parent, and the particular
question.
• What kind of professions involve talking to groups of people?
There are many jobs that involve talking to groups - tons of them. A prime example would be
a salesman. A salesman has to be careful with his words and express himself in a convincing
manner to convince their audience - for instance, if they are giving a talk to sell life insurance
to young families. Another example would be a teacher. A teacher has to deliver lessons to
students so that they can hopefully follow along. They talk to groups of students every day
and presumably develop techniques to get better at it.

55
• What communication skills does a talkative person have?
One skill a talkative person usually has is vocal projection. Because they spend so much time
talking, the muscles around their vocal cords get stronger and their voice does as well.
Another skill associated with a talkative person is enunciation. People who talk a lot get a lot
of practice and therefore are more likely to speak their words more clearly.
• Is it good to be talkative?
I don’t think so though it depends a lot on who you are and what you’re saying. It helps to
know when to be quiet since talking doesn’t always help a situation. Sometimes, people don’t
always care what you have to say and you might be upsetting or annoying everyone around
you. It’s good to take a step back and let others talk every once in a while. However, that’s
not to say you shouldn’t talk at all but rather dial it back a bit when the circumstances call for
it. Read the room, basically, instead of just yammering on.
8. Describe a person who is good at teamwork.
You should say:
• What team he/she joined
• What work he/she did
• What his/her role was
And explain what makes him/her a good member of that team.
Answer:
I used to work for a company that specialized in producing air conditioners as part of their
internal accounting team. I worked there for more or less 5 years and I was just a junior
accountant. One day, a new member of the team came on board and her name was Francine.
Francine joined as a junior accountant just like me and she was hired on the basis of
qualifications and past experience working in big firms - KPMG and McKinsey. Her
responsibilities were the same as mine I think: calculate revenue, costs, profits and expenses
and deliver financial reports to the CFO before every board meeting. As such, we’d work
together pretty closely most days and go to know each other well over time.
Now, I should say beforehand that I’ve worked with other team members back in the day who
didn’t contribute anything at all to the company and they were just there by the grace of their
connections to the higher-ups at the company - people who never really pulled their weight.

56
 However, this was not the case with Francine. She was a full-on team player - did her duties
promptly and never really complained about the amount of work she was given. Also, she
was open to ideas and suggestions from others - she took on board constructive criticism
really well - and was always available to communicate when it came to urgent matters. Any
company would be fortunate to have someone like Francine pulling for them.
Part 3:
• What do you think are the characteristics of a good leader?
One quality would be that a leader has to have firm convictions. If they believe in what they are
doing and can convince others of a shared vision, then people will stand behind them and follow
them to the end. Another quality would be a willingness to listen to others. A leader can show
that he or she is considerate and thoughtful by listening to suggestions and opinions and being
willing to compromise. That way, a leader can be on equal footing with their followers and project
confidence, not insecurity.
• What happens if you don’t have a good leader for an organization?
One thing that can happen is that the organization will struggle to move forward with its goals.
Lacking a leader who can shepherd their team towards achieving its objectives, the team may
become lost. Another thing that can happen if there is no strong leader in place is that there may
be a power struggle between subordinates who want to fill that power vacuum. Sometimes that
struggle can turn ugly, as people can use dirty tactics to undermine each other on their way to the
top.
• Why do some people not like working in teams?
One reason that might be is they’re not naturally inclined towards working in a team. They might
just prefer to work on their own as it can be a lot more efficient at times. There’ll be no one else
to slow them down and they can just focus on the work without any distractions. Sometimes on
a team you’ll end up wasting a lot of time chatting, delegating, and communicating.
• Do you think young people are typically good at working in teams?
I think so. Young people are normally very sociable by nature and thus they are typically
eager to work with others. A lot of the time, part of the fun is being paired up with friends on
a team assignment, as it’s an excuse for them to continue hanging out with each other.
Sometimes, this can produce fruitful results, as young people can motivate each other to do

57
their best while other times, it can be disastrous, since they’ll do nothing but distract each
other from the work they’re supposed to do. I do think that young people are sometimes
prideful or lack emotional intelligence and that can make them worse team members at work
- at times.
• Which is better, working alone or working in a team?
I would say neither are better than the other since it depends on the person and the situation.
Some enjoy working in a team while others enjoy working alone. There is validity to both
approaches depending on the circumstances. Working in a team can allow for quicker results
and stronger bonds to be formed, while working alone can allow for greater focus and
dedication to the objective at hand. So yeah, both are equally viable in getting work done it
just comes down to what the project is, your own inclinations, the amount of time you have,
etc.
9. Describe a person who is good at making people feel welcome in his/her home.
You should say:
• Who this person is
• When and how you met him/her
• How he/she welcomes visitors
And explain why you think he/she is good at welcoming visitors.
Answer:
I was once neighbours with an elderly Greek lady who lived on the floor below me in the
same apartment building as me long ago. Her name was Ophelia and she moved into my
building after I’d already been there for some years. She told me once that she had served in
the Greek Air Force as a combat pilot and she was discharged after 15 years in the service.
Afterwards, she worked as an electrical engineer before finally retiring in her 60s and moving
here. Not your run-of-the-mill life story.
I first met Ophelia when she was moving her things into her apartment one by one and she
immediately greeted me as if I was a close friend of hers, even though I wasn’t at that point.
I’d only met her in the elevator when I was popping down to the store. She invited me into
her home and brewed us some warm coffee and served some honey bars as a snack, which

58
 are a delicacy in Greece as I was told. I immediately felt cozy and warm and I didn’t feel as
if I was intruding on her since she had made the effort to be so hospitable.
She was quite good at making visitors feel at home not just because of her warm and friendly
demeanour, but also because of her willingness to be welcoming to others. Like I said before,
she’s from Greece, where they take hospitality very seriously - an ingrained part of their
culture. It was in her nature to go the extra mile to ensure her visitors didn’t feel like visitors
at all.
Part 3:
• Do people in your country often invite others to their homes?
Sure, Vietnam is not different from any other country in that respect. I’d say it might be a bit less
common than in the West - and I’m basing this on movies and TV shows where I see kids often
going over to their friends’ houses to hang out all the time. In Vietnam, people are too busy for
that generally. But by the time they're teenagers or adults, then it becomes more common to meet
up at someone’s house as long as their parents are cool with it.
• What kind of people do you think are more likely to invite others to their homes?
I think that people who are more sociable and outgoing are often more likely to invite others over.
These individuals usually enjoy social interactions and the company of others and might have a
hard time being on their own. Extroverts tend to be more welcoming, taking pleasure in making
others feel comfortable and at home in their personal space. Additionally, those who take pride
in their homes and enjoy hosting events might also frequently extend invitations - married couples
do this a lot, for instance.
• Who is more likely to invite others to their homes: people in the countryside or
people in the city?
I’d say that those from the countryside are considerably more welcoming towards others. For
one, communities in the countryside are often more close-knit than in cities and so people feel
more comfortable popping by a neighbor’s house to help out with the cooking or just to catch
up. For another, there’s usually less crime in rural areas so people are much less reluctant to
invite strangers into their homes - people are more trusting there.

59
• Are tourist attractions in the countryside more welcoming than those in cities?
I suppose you could say that - they’re certainly less crowded. rural settings usually offer a
more authentic and peaceful experience, allowing visitors to connect with nature and local
traditions. While city attractions are exciting and vibrant and maybe a bit more varied, they
can sometimes be overwhelming due to the bustling atmosphere and commercialization.
Rural destinations provide a more personal touch, often with local residents eager to share
their way of life and cultural heritage.
• What facilities are there in the tourist attractions in your country?
When visiting a tourist attraction in Vietnam, you’ll normally see nearby souvenir shops and
cafés where you can take a break after finishing exploring the attraction or just to get a
breather. There might also be accommodation located close to the attraction such as hotels
and resorts to take advantage of the spike in tourism there. Maybe a visitor centre, and the
obvious amenities like restrooms and a parking area.
10. Describe an interesting person that you have not met in person and would like to
know more about.
You should say:
• Who this person is
• How you knew him/her
• What interesting things he/she has done
And explain what you would like to know more about him/her.
Answer:
I once met a woman named Abby at a function for environmental protection some years back.
We met and chatted briefly before she left the function a few hours before it was supposed to
end. From what I can remember from our conversation - it’s been a while - she told me she
was a zoologist for the Wildlife Conservation Society in the UK. She specialized in tracing
the origins of various primates - monkeys, gorillas, chimpanzees and what not - and also
making governmental recommendations concerning conservation strategies. Looking back on
it, I see her as following in the footsteps of Jane Goodall. In fact, she told me she was inspired
by Goodall to engage in work and awareness-raising concerning the welfare of primates.

60
Even though our conversation was short, it did inspire me to learn more about her so I went
on the Internet and researched a little bit about her work. It turns out that she is currently the
project coordinator for a couple of conservation projects in Africa relating to the protection
of endangered primates. Those projects have been successful in reviving dwindling
population figures for chimpanzees, lemurs, gorillas and baboons. Abby has also been
awarded numerous prizes for her work from the WWF and Greenpeace - all very impressive
stuff.
I wanted to know more about Abby because I found her work to be very outside the norm and
fascinating. I’m an animal lover myself and want to see all animals flourish and to see
someone doing that kind of work for the betterment of nature is really inspiring to me.
Hopefully I can meet her someday to go more in-depth on some wildlife conservation efforts
and to figure out ways I might be able to contribute.
Part 3:
• Do people feel lonely in crowded cities?
I think sometimes they do for sure. Being around tons of people but not knowing them on a
first-name basis can be tough. In contrast, if people were to live in a village for instance, they
may feel less lonely because even though there are fewer people, they feel closer to them.
That’s why modern cities are often described as anonymous, alienating, and isolating - it’s a
wonder that we all choose to live in them…
• Where and how can people get to know new people?
People can meet others in public settings like a park or a restaurant. It’s less common now
that people are always on their devices but you can strike up conversations with anyone. From
there it is possible to create new friendships over shared hobbies. It’s also possible to make
new friends in clubs or groups that are centered around a particular hobby like board games
or cycling for instance. That way they can bond over their common passion for that
hobby.
• Are relationships with friends different from relationships at work?
I suppose they are. When hanging out with friends, people are more open to expressing
themselves freely and not being pressured into behaving in a manner befitting a professional
setting. There’s more room to joke around and complain about things in a way that might not

61
be afforded in the workplace. When it comes to professional relationships, you’re more likely
to be at least slightly on your guard - at first, at least. After a while, there might not be much
difference from a work relationship and a close friendship
• Why do individuals from the same family have different personalities?
I think it’s largely because of who these individuals mingle with most of the time outside the
family. For example, a father might be an energetic and cheerful person because he hangs out
with equally cheerful people at work and the mother might be a bookish and timid person
because she bonds with equally introverted, self-conscious people. Ultimately, people’s traits
are mostly influenced by the behaviour and personality of their peers, friends, co-workers...
• How does society influence a person’s personality?
That’s an incredibly broad question but I think society gives most people a model to emulate.
Society has rules on what is and isn’t acceptable behaviour and so people strive to adopt these
pro-social behaviours. These behaviours then mark them out publicly as well-mannered and
functioning, upstanding members of society. If they can’t adopt these behaviours, then they’ll
stick out as antisocial and unfit for society.

62
TOPIC 2:
OBJECT

63
1. Describe an old present that is special to you
You should say:
• What this possession is
• How long you have had it
• Where it came from
And explain why this possession is special to you.
Answer:
On Christmas Day five years back, I got a sweater from my aunt - a wool one that she had
knitted and decorated herself. The sweater was white all around except for the front where it
was emblazoned with the shape of a red bird - a sparrow - the kind that’s all around the
neighborhood where she lives. So, I guess that’s where she got the inspiration and references.
It looks rather beat up with strands of wool sticking out, but that gives it a rustic look and it’s
really warm. I’ve still got it to this day and it has aged well since it looked old from the
beginning.
Like I said before, I got this sweater five years ago so I’ve had it for that long. I normally
wear this sweater in the winter since it gets pretty cold where I come from. Temperatures
around this time usually dip to around 10 - 12 degrees Celsius - just cold enough for a light
sweater indoors. Other than that, I hardly wear it since there’s no need in other seasons here
in Vietnam. I enjoy wearing the sweater since not only is it very warm but it also has
sentimental value. I admire the fact that she knits her own clothing and makes all her own
presents - that personal touch is meaningful. Outside of holidays, she’s always giving me little
scarfs and mittens so I can save money.
Part 3:
• What are some items that people keep in their family for a long time?
Normally, people tend to keep family photos from a long time ago - that’s what springs to
mind for me. They want to preserve these moments so that they can look back fondly on the
good times they had together. People also tend to keep books on their shelves for a long time.
They might not have the heart to throw books away or donate them to someplace else as they
might have it in the back of their mind they’ll reread them - or they might have sentimental
value.

64
 • In your culture, what sorts of things do people pass down from generation to
generation?
In Vietnam, families tend to pass down their money - in the form of real estate or simply cash
or gold. Older people want to be sure that their descendants will remain well-off and they
write in their wills that their wealth should be transferred to their children and grandchildren.
People in Vietnam also tend to pass down prized possessions like artwork and jewellery.
Sometimes these are family heirlooms so it’s more than just a financial asset.
• Which do you prefer, old things or new things?
Well, it comes down to what kind of thing it is. I don’t mind getting either something old or
something new as long as it works. For example, whenever I’m in need of a new phone, I
don’t care if it’s an older model like a Nokia 6300 or a newer one like an iPhone 15 or
Samsung Galaxy. As long as it can make calls and send text messages, I’m happy with either
one of these phones. But for furniture, for example, I prefer older, classical looking wood
furniture rather than the bland minimalist stuff that’s in vogue these days.
• In what ways can old items serve as a link to the past and help us preserve
memories?
I think it boils down to the fact that the mere existence of these old things already serve as a
link to the past because they represent what we did in the past and what our lives were like
back then. For example, old family photos are physical manifestations of our past memories
- the link is self-evident. They show us what we did together and how we enjoyed doing those
things. Thus, I think it’s important to hold on to these old things for as long as we can - till
they literally start to disintegrate.
• Do you think there are benefits to minimalism and reducing one’s attachment to
material possessions?
I think so. Leading a minimalist lifestyle can help people to focus on the things that truly
matter such as their career and their relationships. If we attach too much importance to
materialistic things, then we might become vain and our things might start to feel like our
owners. How much joy do the things around you really bring compared to the people around
you? Things are about comfort and security - not about maximizing what you can get out of
life.

65
2. Describe a book you want to read again.
You should say:
• What the book is about
• Why you read it
• What you learned from this book
And explain why you would like to read it again.
Answer:
The book I would love to read again is "The Silence of the Lambs" by Thomas Harris. It’s a
thrilling psychological novel that follows Clarice Starling, an FBI trainee, as she seeks
assistance from the notorious serial killer Hannibal Lecter to apprehend another dangerous
murderer called Buffalo Bill.
I was initially drawn to "The Silence of the Lambs" due to its reputation as a gripping and
suspenseful novel. I’ve always been fascinated by stories that delve into the depths of the
human mind - particularly the darker parts - and explore the intricacies of psychological
suspense. This book offered a captivating narrative that kept me engrossed from beginning to
end.
From reading "The Silence of the Lambs," I gained a deeper understanding of the complexity
of human psychology and the thin line that separates good from evil. The book provided
insights into the chilling nature of psychopaths and delved into themes such as manipulation,
obsession, and the relentless pursuit of justice. It made me ponder the depths of the human
psyche and the moral dilemmas faced by the characters. Most people come away from the
book with sympathy and admiration for Lecter, an odd feeling to reconcile with his actions.
I would like to reread it since it is a page-turner that skillfully builds suspense. By revisiting
the book, I hope to relieve the thrilling moments and uncover subtleties that may have escaped
my attention during the initial reading. Additionally, I believe that a second reading would
allow me to appreciate the author’s storytelling techniques, character development, and the
intricate plot twists in a more profound way. Plus, I’ve watched the movie since and want to
compare them when I read it a second time.

66
Part 3:
• What kinds of books do children like to read? Why?
I’d say many children today, as in the past, enjoy reading fantasy books because they stimulate
their imagination and the worlds they create are really gripping and vivid. This is clearly
demonstrated by the popularity of the Harry Potter books as well as The Lord of the Rings.
Children also enjoy reading comic books because of the illustrations and action, not to
mention the cool characters that they see in popular media all the time.
• What can children learn from reading books?
For one, they can learn more advanced vocabulary and grammar - in an implicit way. Students
can then apply what they learn to their own speaking and writing. For another, reading can
teach children how to express themselves imaginatively. Since most books don’t have
illustrations, it’s up to the children themselves to imagine what the settings and characters are
like based on the descriptions given in the books themselves. And then this can in turn inspire
them to be creative.
• How can parents encourage their children to read books?
One thing parents can do is to take their children to the library regularly and allow them to
pick out whatever books they want. That way, children can get into the habit of reading books
on a regular basis. Another way would be to reduce the amount of time children spend on
screens - limit their screen time. That way they will have little choice other than to read books
to pass the time. That’s more or less how I became such a prolific reader.
• Which one do people prefer to read, ebooks or printed books?
It depends on your individual preference. Some like to read printed books because they like
the touch and feel of them - the texture of the paper itself. They have greater appreciation for
how the book is printed and bound together and nostalgia is a big part of it for a lot of them.
Some like to read e-books because they are more portable and handy - you can just upload
the files to a Kindle and carry around thousands of books easily that way. Also, e-books are
often cheaper than printed books so readers can save money.
• Do you think printed books will disappear in the future?
I think so, but I don’t really know to be honest. More and more people these days are turning
to electronic devices such as computers, tablets and phones to read books so printed books

67
are slowly becoming obsolete. It would be great if there was still a place in society for real,
physical books. That’s why libraries and archives should make an effort to preserve physical
books for the foreseeable future - we don’t want to be logged in to our devices all the time
after all.
3. Describe a photo that makes you feel happy.
You should say:
• What the photo looks like
• When and where you took this photo
• How often you look at the photo
And explain why it makes you feel happy.
Answer:
The photo that never fails to make me smile is from way back - my high school graduation
ceremony. It's a snapshot that brings back a flood of happy memories. In the photo, I'm all
dressed up in the iconic graduation gown, complete with a funny-looking, square cap.
Standing alongside me is my closest friend, and we both have these huge grins on our faces.
We're holding our diplomas like they're the most precious things in the world - which they
were at the time. In the background, a bunch of our fellow graduates share in the jubilation,
creating a festive feel for the photo.
This photo was taken a few years ago, on a sunny June morning, right in the school courtyard,
a place where we’d had so many great times. The atmosphere that day was electric, and
everyone was buzzing as we prepared to step up on stage, get our diplomas and embark on a
new chapter of life. I don't look at this photo all that regularly, but I've got it a special place
in an album of important moments from my life. It's one of those pictures that I revisit to feel
nostalgic or when I need a reminder of what determination and hard work can achieve. It
gives me a pick-me-up.
This photo means the world to me because it marks a huge milestone in my life. It's a reminder
of all those late-night study sessions, cramming until nearly dawn, the challenges we faced,
and the incredible sense of accomplishment we felt that day. But more than anything, it's a
symbol of the bonds of friendship that got us through high school life together. My best friend
and I were like partners in crime, and this photo captures that sense of camaraderie perfectly.

68
It's visual proof that hard work pays off, and it fills me with a profound sense of pride and
happiness every time I take it out to look at it.
Part 3:
• Are professional photographers important in your country??
That’s a very odd question but I’d say yes in general, though mostly it depends on what you
value. Professionals often bring a high level of expertise and creativity to capture moments
effectively. However, it's not a must for everyone. Many amateur photographers excel and
find immense satisfaction in photography without any professional training. And they might
be able to capture a candid moment better than any professional.
• Do you think people take more photos now than in the past?
Undoubtedly, people today take tons and tons of photos. The advent of smartphones with
high-quality cameras and the ease of sharing photos on social media platforms have made
photography a non-stop daily activity. In contrast, in the past, photography was constrained
by the limits of film and the cost of cameras - at least until disposables were invented. That
meant fewer photos were taken.
• Is equipment important to photography?
Hmmm, it’s hard to say for everyone given your goals but generally, yeah. For those engaged
in professional work, high-quality cameras and lenses allow for better image quality and
versatility. However, it's not solely about equipment; creativity, composition, and mastery of
lighting are equally crucial. In some cases, a skilled photographer can achieve remarkable
results even with basic equipment just as a skilled painter could make a masterpiece using
cheap paint and brushes.
• Do you think being a professional videographer is a good job?
I’d say yes. It allows for creative expression and storytelling through video. And there is a
growing demand for video content across various platforms, making it a field with substantial
career opportunities. However, it might be a challenging one due to the fierce competition
and the need for continuous skill development - you have to keep up with every little new
innovation. Success in videography probably hinges on an individual's passion and
unwavering dedication.

69
 • Why do some people like to post their photos on social media?
It’s hard to say exactly in every case but I guess a lot of the time it’s a means of sharing life
experiences, connecting with others, and expressing oneself creatively. It's a platform for
personal expression and serves as a visual diary for documenting cherished memories. What’s
more, social media provides a space for seeking validation, feedback, and engagement from
peers and followers. All in all, it offers a sense of belonging and allows people to curate their
digital identity, making it a popular choice for sharing photos in the digital age. The
drawbacks are self-evident and it may inflame mental health issues but those downsides can
be mitigated if you set your mind to it.
4. Describe an impressive work of art you saw.
You should say:
• Where you first saw the artist
• What the painting shows
• Who the painter is
And explain why you enjoyed it.
Answer:
To be honest, I’m not an art aficionado in any way so I rarely make a point of heading out to
exhibitions or museums, you know. So, I don’t know all that much about paintings. But today
I’m gonna tell you about a time I came across a piece of art online that left a huge impression
on me. It was a painting by a female artist who has really distinctive, unruly red hair. I don’t
remember her name because I’m lousy with names but I do remember the work. I saw her
video several months ago killing time on Facebook. In the video, she replicates the same oil
painting in 3 different time spans, 1 hour, 10 hours, and 100 hours. That’s the concept.
The painting is called "The Swordsman''. It depicts a soldier kneeling next to an enormous
old tree and behind him are hundreds of swords sticking out of the ground. The way I see it,
it’s about the aftermath of war and the consequences: one man lives but his comrades have
all fallen. She had to create this painting within those 3 different time durations. And the more
time she had, the more complicated the painting got. In particular, the tree bark patterns on
the tree got more shading and sophistication. Also, the layering of colors became more
complex gradually and it brought out a new depth, a greater sense of weight and space. I

70
admire this artwork not only for the visual impact but also for the creativity of the painter as
she invented a completely new approach to painting which transcends traditional art spaces
and reaches global audiences through the internet. That might be a bit much but it was a cool
video.
Part 3:
• What are the differences between painting and drawing?
To be honest, I don’t know much about art so I’m not 100% sure but I can speculate. In my
opinion, painting and drawing are both visual art forms but they differ primarily in terms of
the techniques and tools. For example, in painting, artists usually use various liquids like oil
paints, acrylics, or watercolors to create images on canvas and other surfaces like walls or
even clothes. As for drawing, this technique typically uses pencils, pens, or maybe charcoal
to create images on paper. So, in my opinion, paintings tend to be more colorful and can have
a wider range of textures while drawings are often more accessible to the average person as
they only require a pen and a piece of paper.
• Why do some people keep a painting for a long time?
Well, I think the main reason why people often keep a painting for many years is because of
its sentimental and aesthetic value - and sometimes as an investment. For example, a painting
might be a gift from another person and can remind them of an indelible memory, evoking
strong emotions. Also, some paintings appreciate in value over time. So some people might
hang onto them while they grow in value and then sell them later on - that’s rare and a rich
person thing for sure.
• How does building style affect people’s lives?
In my opinion, building style can significantly impact people's lives in various ways. Firstly,
the functionality. For instance, a well-designed building that makes the most out of the
available space can provide comfort and convenience to its inhabitants, contributing to a better
quality of life. Nothing beats a well-laid out apartment. Also, some modern architectural styles
nowadays prioritize sustainability by using environmentally-friendly materials and
innovations like solar energy panels. This can have a positive effect on the environment and
living conditions in the long term.

71
 • What meaning are artists trying to convey in their work?
Well, I think each work of art has its own meaning. For example, some artists use their
paintings as a way to express their emotions, and others use them to show their perspective
on life. The meaning is often subjective and can be open to interpretation. That’s where the
saying ‘Art is in the eye of the beholder’ comes from. And what they choose to draw depends
on their interests and influences. Some like to draw landscapes while others prefer portraits
or abstract art. Each medium might communicate something different - but you’d need to ask
an art expert to get a better answer.
• How do young people share art?
Young people today have a variety of ways to share art - more ways than ever before. Firstly,
they can use the internet and social media networks to share works of art that they see online
- not just their own art. And so, many artists took advantage of modern media to showcase
their work on platforms like Instagram, TikTok, or Pinterest, where they can reach a broad
audience and receive feedback - constructive criticism and some trolling naturally. Secondly,
many youngsters nowadays enjoy visiting local galleries and art exhibitions to not only
admire art but also take photos with artwork and share them online. This is a little cringey in
my opinion but the net effect is positive if the artwork gets out there to the world.
5. Describe a useful object in your home that you cannot live without.
You should say:
• What it is
• What you can do with it
• How often you use it
And explain why you cannot live without it.
Answer:
If there’s one thing that I absolutely cannot live without, then it’d be my vacuum cleaner - not
my phone or computer like you were expecting maybe. Of course it cleans the floor by picking
up dust and other kinds of debris and collecting it in a bag. When the bag is full, I can then
empty it for the next time I work up the energy to clean up. There are lots of different options
that I considered before getting this one - some have long hoses and wheels so that they can

72
 be lugged around easily, others can be held in one hand, making them more mobile and useful
for cleaning places that are particularly hard to reach. I went with the latter.
I use my vacuum cleaner once a week to clean my apartment of the dust that may be
accumulating on the floor or on other surfaces like my walls. I do live in a place that is fairly
high above the ground and so the wind can easily blow dust into my apartment, especially
when it’s strong or there’s a storm on the way. Thankfully, my vacuum cleaner can easily
absorb all of it in one fell swoop and so it’s a nifty item to have. I must say that I cannot live
without it because I’m a bit of a stickler for cleanliness and a vacuum cleaner can easily and
quickly clean my home - much better and much more thorough than a broom and a dustpan
for example.
Part 3:
• What equipment do you find difficult to use?
I find it hard sometimes to use tools for repairing all sorts of things because I’m not particularly
handy. That means screwdrivers, wrenches, tape measures - it’s all beyond me. I never really had
to learn because my dad did all the odd jobs and little repairs around the house growing up.
Sooner or later, I’ll have to teach myself so that I won’t have to depend on others to fix every
little thing in my home.
• What are the benefits of using technology in the workplace?
One clear benefit is it can help us to coordinate work between co-workers more easily. For
example, a computer or a desk phone can be used for communication between staff members
regarding the tasks at hand or urgent matters. That close communication can aid in addressing
these matters more immediately and effectively as opposed to isolating workers. Another benefit
is technology can speed up the working process. It can be used to make faster calculations or
search for information relevant to a given assignment more easily, helping to expedite its
completion.
• Why do some people in the workplace dislike technology?
One reason that I can identify with personally is that it doesn’t always work when it should.
For example, computers can freeze up or go black and remain off for extended periods of time
with no warning, which can halt the working process and cause staff members to miss vital
deadlines or get frustrated. Another reason is it’s hard to give up technology once you already

73
depend on it. If you asked someone today to get their work done without email or messaging,
they’d be totally lost. That’s just the world we live in now.
• Why do people buy a lot of household appliances?
Well, mostly because they’re useful but there are other reasons. Someone may want a vacuum
cleaner or cleaning robot to clean up and make life easier. People may also want stoves and
microwaves in their kitchens to heat up food. But it’s also easier to trick yourself into thinking
that the next appliance is the thing that is going to make your life perfect or convenient or
contribute greatly to your happiness - and that is likely not true.
• What do people usually do with electronic devices?
Well, just about everything these days. For example, with TVs and computers, people can
watch movies and TV shows at any time - entertainment is probably the #1 use for most
electronics. Also with computers and phones, people can communicate with each other over
long distances. And then there are all the household appliances like washing machines and
microwaves that make life more convenient. And the smartphone of course has almost no
limits on its uses.
6. Describe something lost by others that you found.
You should say:
• What it was
• When and where you found it
• What you did after you found it
And explain how you felt about finding it.
Answer:
I remember one time that my younger sister and her toddler and I took a hike into a forest
near my hometown. This was almost 5 years ago. We were walking deep into the woods and
my nephew was carrying his teddy bear with him since he was nervous about going outside
into unfamiliar places. Along the way, however, he lost his teddy bear and at that point he
was pretty much inconsolable. He was sobbing profusely because he loved that teddy so
much. Determined to lift his spirits, I resolved to find it so I told my sister to wait for me and
I went off to find the toy.

74
 For almost an hour, I was scouring the forest floor to locate it. I was tracking back and forth
on the trails we had walked as well as the surrounding shrubbery looking for a brown bear
with black button eyes. After an hour or so, having given up at that point, I stumbled across
the teddy by complete accident. It was lying in a tall grass patch which made it hard to see
from a distance. Elated, I ran back to my sister and nephew with the bear in hand, cleaned the
dirt off of it and gave it back to him. He was so happy that he gave me a hug and thanked me.
He had no idea I’d just bought him a totally new one…
Part 3:
• What kinds of people lose things often?
Forgetful people, obviously. There are people who are really absentminded and always
susceptible to misplacing their keys, their phone, anything really. Also, people that don’t store
their things can easily lose them - people who let the clutter build up. Some people might think
they can just toss something somewhere - some triple A batteries for example - and then
remember them in a few months when they need them. But odds are, they’ll forget. Better to have
a system and dedicated drawer or box or cabinet.
• Why do some people like to collect old things?
I think it’s about their intrinsic value and sometimes as an investment. For example, rich investors
may buy art dating back to the 18th and 19th centuries because it might be worth millions of
dollars later and it's just one form of diversified investing. Some people also collect old things
because they have a keen interest or passion for them. The classic example of this is collecting
stamps but I’m not sure many people do that these days.
• Do children usually want to keep the things they pick up?
It depends. It is true that lots of little kids are in the habit of picking something up and then
thinking they can keep it for themselves because they don’t know it used to belong to someone
else. They lack that awareness of the outside world. However, there will be others who will
either pick it up and return it to its original owner or leave it because they have been taught
it’s not nice to take away other people’s possessions by their caregivers. So, it all boils down
to how these children are raised and their precise age as well - some kids don’t have the
cognitive ability to make those kinds of distinctions yet.

75
• Would you post on social media if you lose something?
I probably would because social media is a useful tool for cases like this. But it would depend
a lot on where it was and what I lost. If there’s a Facebook group for my building and I lost
my elevator card, that’s something I could post about and maybe get a response. Generally,
it’s not going to work. If you lose something in the street, there’s no forum you can post to
where everyone who walks on that street is a member. Best to just leave it and move on with
your life - unless it's something really important, like a child…
• Do you report to the police when finding a lost item? Why?
Yes, I would do that because a police precinct is the safest place to drop off things that have
been lost. I haven’t had the chance to do this, but I’d do it if I found someone’s wallet or purse
or phone for example. Another reason why I would report to the police about a lost item is
that they have a database of every person living in the local area and they can use it to return
that item to its rightful owner. If the wallet has the person’s ID, they’ll have little trouble
tracking the person down and getting in contact.
7. Describe a uniform you wear at your school or company.
You should say:
• When you wear it
• Who bought it for you
• What it looks like
And explain how you feel about it.
Answer:
I work as a flight attendant for an airline called Angel Wings and I’m required to wear a
uniform whenever I’m in the air on duty. The uniform was designed and fitted for me by the
company’s in-house tailor so, in essence, the company bought it for me. The tailor made the
uniform himself so as to reduce costs for outsourcing tailoring labor to another company. I’m
not sure why I know that…
My uniform consists of long black pants that are held up with a long black leather belt, a long
white button-down shirt, a tie adorned with a floral pattern, a grey vest with two buttons and
a pair of black leather shoes. That’s just for the male attendants. For the women, they get to
wear a long brown skirt, a white blouse, a brown silk jacket and a dark purple pillbox hat.

76
 Sometimes the men get to wear a light brown ascot, while the women get to wear a purple
scarf. Both of them are accessories and a source of warmth on cold days. Needless to say, we
look pretty stylish.
I have to say that the uniform does look pretty nice on me. It’s well-tailored and there is a
sense of dignity in wearing it. Also, the uniform creates a feeling that I belong to something
greater than myself, which is an assuring feeling since it is nice to belong to a group and not
just be on my own.
Part 3:
• Why should students wear uniforms?
Students should wear uniforms to contribute to school unity. A uniform demonstrates that we are
all in this academic journey together and we will succeed together as one unit, not as individuals.
That’s the sentimental thinking, at least. Students should also wear uniforms to practice self-
discipline. If they wear it to school every day, then it becomes like a routine to them and then
they’ll learn to abide by that routine and be responsible for keeping their clothing clean and
presentable.
• On what occasion should people wear uniforms?
I think it depends on the requirements of your workplace or school. A uniform can serve as a
marketing tool for a company as it shows that they are serious about the work they do - you
might think of police officers, doctors, nurses, etc. Some workplaces don’t have uniforms per
se but they do have a dress code policy - such as smart casual or very formal clothes. Then of
course at some school uniforms are mandatory. Other than that, it would be weird to wear a
uniform and you should just go with what you want to wear.
• Should companies ask employees about the design of their uniforms?
I think companies can ask employees for particular points of input for their uniforms, but not
about full on designs. Employees would likely have too many contradictory ideas about what
their uniform should look and it would be impossible to appease everyone. Instead, they
should consult with firms that specialize in making uniforms since they will likely offer the
best advice based on the parameters they have been given. Leave it to the experts basically.

77
 • Is it possible to tell someone’s personality by his or her clothes?
I would say it does to an extent. A person’s clothing choices can be a reflection of their
temperament, their profession, or their mood on a given day. For example, if a man is seen
wearing a suit, it can be assumed that he is a businessman working at a company or another
very formal setting like a courthouse. Alternatively, if a woman is seen wearing a skirt, a
leather jacket, a black shirt and boots, she might be the type of person who likes to flout social
conventions. However, clothing is just one aspect of a person’s personality and thus people
shouldn’t be quick to judge based on their outside appearance.
• What colours are most eye-catching?
I’d say any sort of bold and ostentatious colours like red, green, yellow, or white. Since these
colours are bright, people are more instantly drawn to them and thus fashion designers can
take advantage of them. These colours are used as accent colours a lot of the time. When it
comes to more neutral colours like grey or brown, they’re less likely to draw attention and
more likely to fade into the background. For a designer, there is a complex interplay between
colour choices depending on the look they’re going for - and the patterns they are trying to
complement.

78
TOPIC 3:
EVENT

79
1. Describe a time when you saw a child behaved badly in public.
You should say:
• Where it happened
• What the child was doing
• How others reacted to it
And explain how you felt about it.
Answer:
One time a while back I was out at a park close to my house having a picnic with my friends
- a Sunday afternoon, I think. We were all having convenience store sandwiches and green
tea and laying on a blanket on the grass. It was a sunny summer day and the park was in full
bloom. So, a chilled-out day but I do remember an annoying kid near us.
He was throwing a tantrum and throwing small pebbles at strangers, including other children
as well. I know because I was one of his victims. He then proceeded to run over to our picnic
and started kicking lightly at us. It didn’t hurt but it was annoying nonetheless. His parents
then took him away and apologized profusely to us for his bad behaviour. They explained to
us that he was acting out because they left his favourite toy at home.
I’d say that the other people in the park didn’t take kindly to the kid’s antics from what I could
tell. They were saying that the kid needs to be reined in by his parents and the parents did feel
ashamed judging from their faces. I felt kinda bad for them as they have such an unruly child
to deal with but maybe some of that is on them as well - it’s really hard to know and to judge
from afar. The same cannot be said for the kid though. I felt that he had disrupted such a nice
occasion though even in that case, it’s not really fair to hold a child to the same standards as
an adult. Kids sometimes have poor impulse control - almost always actually.
Part 3:
• In what ways do young children behave badly?
Children have all sorts of ways. Making a mess - that’s one. They might kick or throw things
around and break them. They might also throw a tantrum. They might yell at their parents or
strangers and complain about the things they can’t do or get. In those cases, parents have to
discipline their kids or the behavior will continue. Or, if they’re more sensitive and discerning,

80
they might seek to discover the root of the bad behavior and address that rather than just
applying punishment as a band-aid approach.
• How should parents stop their children from behaving badly?
One thing parents should do is to issue an ultimatum. For example, if a child keeps teasing or
hitting their sibling, the parents can step in and threaten to punish the child accordingly. They
can tell the child that they will not allow him or her to watch TV, use their phone or go out
and meet with friends. That way, the child will realize that their behaviour was wrong and
express remorse later on. Or like I mentioned earlier, they could try to understand the source
of the behavior and address that. Maybe they are just hungry or tired or not used to sharing
with others.
• Were parents in the past stricter with their children compared to parents these
days?
I’d say yes though I don’t really know since parents back then tended to be more protective
generally. In the past, people had the mindset that their children were the most important thing
in their lives and so they reasoned that they have to nurture and shield them as much as
possible. That’s the helicopter parent mentality. Naturally, this meant that parents were
restrictive and kept kids from going outside, eating junk food and playing with friends. Now
parents are more permissive and basically don’t care about their kids at all.
• Whose influence on children is more important- friends or parents?
I think parents have a greater influence on children than their friends. parents are the main
caregivers and they are the ones who teach them about the ways of the world. They are also
the main source of advice for children since parents have more life experience under their belt
than friends. As such, it may be wiser to listen to your parents than to your friends. Parents
are also just around more - friends can come and go over the course of a lifetime.
• Do you agree that people who don’t behave well towards others are more likely
to be successful in life themselves?
I wouldn’t say they are more likely to be successful, but those who mistreat others might be
able to get ahead at times as success doesn’t always depend on being nice to others. Success
comes from hard work and some luck and nowhere does it say you have to be nice to other
people to achieve your goals. Therefore, people can still succeed in attaining their goals while

81
behaving poorly towards others. But at the end of the day, they might wake up and realize
that their goals are ultimately insignificant in the grand scheme of things and they’ve more or
less wasted their life.
2. Describe an occasion when you waited a long time for a nice thing.
You should say:
• When it happened
• How long you waited
• Why you waited for a long time
And explain how you felt about the experience.
Answer:
I hate waiting. I guess everyone does but it seems to drive me in particular up the wall. I
remember one time when I had to make a decision whether or not to wait for a delivery on
Shopee.
In case you don’t know, Shopee is a popular e-commerce platform in Vietnam, which
provides consumers with a variety of products at very reasonable shipping fees. You probably
see the delivery drivers dumping off stuff at apartment building lobbies all the time. Around
three years ago I needed some skincare products to deal with chronic skin irritation so I went
on Shopee and bought some cream from Shiseido to treat my problem. It set me back around
10 dollars.
Originally it was supposed to arrive in 5 days but unfortunately, the shipping time was longer
than expected due to the COVID-19 pandemic. As a consequence, although I debated
internally canceling my order, I ultimately decided to wait for it because I desperately needed
the product. It was a frustrating experience but I think the long wait was worth it. After 2
weeks, I finally received my order and my skin condition has improved since then and I’ve
reordered it a couple times.
Through this experience, I learned a valuable lesson in patience because as long as we are
persistent enough to wait for something, we have a good chance of getting what we want. I
guess I knew that before this experience but it did drive the point home.

82
Part 3:
• On what occasions do people have to wait for a long time?
There are many occasions that require people to wait for a long time.The one that always
comes to mind for me is a doctor’s appointment. Since there are others who might need to
visit the doctor, people have to wait for their turn until they are called in and sometimes that
wait can be hours depending on the hospital, how busy it is, if you made an appointment, etc.
Another occasion is a concert. If someone really popular like Taylor Swift or BlackPink is
headlining a concert, you can bet that there will be thousands of people waiting in line to get
a ticket. Maybe not the best use of your time….
• What do people do while waiting?
I’d say that most of the time people pull out their mobile phones and scroll through the news
or social media while waiting. It helps to pass the time and otherwise you’ll just be sitting
there awkwardly bored. People also engage in small talk with others who may be waiting for
the same thing. They may complain about how they have to wait for so long or chat about
their lives in general. Though that’s becoming a rarity as everyone just turns to the one-on-
one, anxiety-coping powers of their device these days.
• Are most people patient while waiting?
It depends on what they are waiting for. For example, if people are waiting for food and it’s
taking longer than expected, then they are more likely to be impatient because they’re hungry
and they want to eat as soon as possible. That’s that ‘hangry’ feeling I’ve heard about.
However, if people are waiting for a doctor’s appointment, then they are more likely to be
patient because they understand that others have appointments too and the expectation is that
you will have to wait for a bit before getting your turn.
• Do you like to wait for a long time? Why?
Personally, I don’t like to wait too long for something - I don’t know anyone on Earth who
does. I’ve got a lot going on - lots of things to do and places to be, so I need things to be done
as quickly as possible so that I can get on to the next thing. However, the world unfortunately
doesn’t just revolve around my personal schedule so I’m willing sometimes to wait for longer
than I want to, even though it may be inconvenient and throw a wrench into my plans for the
day. This happens a lot when I’m running a bunch of errands.

83
 • Why do most children have difficulty waiting for a long time?
I think one reason is that they are so used to getting what they want almost immediately. From
a young age, most children demand things from their parents and don’t have impulse control.
They haven’t been taught the value of patience yet. Therefore, they get irritated. Sooner or
later, parents will have to teach their children how to actually wait for something and delay
gratification - it’s part of the maturation process.
• How can we teach children to learn to wait?
I think the best way to teach children to be patient is to reward them for waiting. For example,
when a child has gone to the dentist and is told to not eat any candy for a week, they will be
forced to wait that long. After that week is up, the child’s parents can reward them with some
candy. In giving children some sort of incentive for waiting, they will learn the value of
patience and how it can lead to outcomes that are most desirable to them. Though the
drawback there is that they also learn that the only reason to wait is to receive a reward - they
won’t learn anything about how bad sugar is for their health or their teeth.
3. Describe a time when you had a problem with using the computer.
You should say:
• When it happened
• Where it happened
• What the problem was
And explain how you solved the problem.
Answer:
I remember a specific moment when my computer broke down. It happened around two years
ago - I was working at home thanks to a city-wide quarantine because of COVID. I was going
about my day when all of a sudden, my computer started lagging seriously and then just
completely froze. I restarted it a few times but no luck. Eventually I had to stop my work and
take my computer to a repair shop just right around the corner from my house. The owner
said that he’d have to take a day or two to figure out what the problem was and then let me
know if he could fix it.
The next morning, I got a message from the repair shop owner telling me to come down
because he had figured out what the problem was and it was fixed already. The owner told

84
me the problem was that the main processor chip was being overworked - overloaded because
it was outdated and I was running too many apps at one - and so it shut itself down, causing
my computer to freeze up. Fortunately, the owner replaced the old chip with a newer one, one
with better processing power that could ensure smoother operation and little lag. The new
chip didn’t cost much to install - just about 50 dollars. When I switched it on, it ran pretty
smoothly and I haven’t had any major issues with it since.
Part 3:
• Why do people often have problems when using new products?
I think the main reason is self-evident, obvious - it’s something new. You might have a
preconceived idea of how things work. If you get a new camera, you might try to use it like
your old one and realize that the settings are different, the interface is new, etc. If people take
the time to read the instruction manual beforehand, then they won’t have problems with using
new products but that’s not really realistic - better to just go with trial and error.
• How do people use digital devices to help them with their studies?
Well, digital devices can be helpful in doing calculations, the calculator is one of the earliest
devices we all learn to rely on. You can make calculations in little to no time and see the value
of them right off the bat. For another, computers and smartphones can aid students in
searching for information online. As long as these devices are connected to the Internet, they
can be used to look up facts and data that are relevant to their assignments.
• Do people spend too much time looking at digital screens?
I’d say yes, without a doubt. For one, there’s really no other choice as most people need to
use a phone or computer for work for 8 to 9 hours a day, sometimes even longer. As such, the
majority of their day is spent looking at the screen. For another, screens hold your passive
attention. They give people something to look at and as such they can be lost in their devices
for hours on end while ignoring life’s pesky, anxiety-inducing worries.
• Do you think that parents should limit the time that their children spend using
their mobile phones?
Oh of course, no one would argue with that in their right mind. Parents need to teach their
children that there’s more to life than just using their mobile phones for hours and hours on
end. They need to know that there are many things that they can do outdoors such as playing

85
sports, doing exercise and meeting with friends - healthy habits that make life worth living.
Parents should also tell their children that they should use the time they spend on their phones
for more meaningful endeavours such as learning new skills and reading books - otherwise
there’s no real point in being alive at all.
• Are many people in your country addicted to playing computer games?
Yes, even me, haha. It’s a favorite pastime of mine and I do it to relax after a long day at
work. That being said, I know that spending too long playing computer games will result in
poorer physical and mental health. I don’t have much sympathy for those who spend so long
playing these kinds of games as they could’ve used that time to do other more meaningful
things like exercising or meeting with friends. But people know what foods are unhealthy and
yet they still eat them. It’s the same with games. If I knew a solution, I’d use it myself, but I
don’t. The things that are bad for us feel good…
4. Describe a time when you gave advice to others.
You should say:
• When it was
• To whom you gave the advice
• What the advice was
And explain why you gave the advice.
Answer:
Some time ago, 5 years ago I suppose, I was shopping at a DVD store in my hometown
looking for an old movie. This was back when there were still some shops selling DVDs. I
was looking for something a bit different from the Hollywood cookie-cutter movies I was
used to. A couple of minutes later, another customer came into the store and was looking for
a movie to watch. He was a man named Bill who looked relatively the same age as me and
was also a cinephile. I asked him what kind of movie he was after and he wanted to watch
something that was heavy on drama and had a dark mood to it.
I then suggested Raging Bull, a classic American movie starring Robert De Niro. It's a dark
drama and has a depressing mood to it. He told me he had never seen it and was interested in
watching it since he heard it was one of the best movies ever made. I, having watched Raging
Bull before, told him that it was a masterpiece and that he should watch it and pay attention

86
to how it is shot and acted. Having taken my sage advice, Bill went ahead and bought the
DVD and then left the store. I gave this advice to Bill because he needed help with finding a
movie to watch and I suggested one he might like. He texted me afterwards to say that Raging
Bull was indeed a great movie and he would be thrilled to get more advice on movies from
me from then on.
Part 3:
• Is it better to get advice from a friend or from a family member?
I’d say neither is necessarily better than the other. Both are equally valid sources of advice in
their own ways. A friend may offer counsel because they have likely undergone similar
situations and may have some sage advice. An older family member can offer their advice too
because they have more life experience. But most important is that you decide yourself
because friends and family are inherently going to give you conservative advice because they
don’t want to be on the hook if you follow their advice and things don’t turn out well.
• What would you say are the characteristics of a good adviser?
One characteristic would be that the person has to have plenty of life experience. If they’ve
gone through struggles of their own, then they’ll be in a good position to look back and have
some smart insights. Thus they have enough life experience to tell you what to do in a given
situation. Another characteristic would be that the adviser has to have empathy. They have to
understand what the person needing the advice is going through and not treat their issues
purely as logic problems - there is a crucial emotional element as well.
• Should people make their own work and career decisions, or is it a good idea to ask
for advice?
I’d say the former, personally. I mean it does help to get advice from others about work or
career related matters every now and then, but in the end, people have to make their own
choices and be responsible for their own lives. People know themselves best so they have a
better idea of what they should do and they can take riskier decisions knowing they will only
have themselves to blame later on if things take a bad turn. If they follow the advice of others
in building their career, they may end up doing a job they might not necessarily enjoy and
always going with the safe option in life.

87
• Do you think in the future, people will get more advice from computers than
humans?
At some point, but not the foreseeable future. Computers have not yet reached the point where
they understand human nature and all its nuances. Humans have a far better understanding of
what other people are going through - computers lack emotional intelligence and real life
experience. As such, humans are still more qualified to give others advice than computers.
• Why is receiving advice from professionals expensive?
I can’t really give a definitive answer to this since I have no knowledge or experience of
professional counseling. However, what I can surmise is that these professionals are highly
sought after and so they can take advantage of the high demand by charging high fees. For
example, Jordan Belfort, a former stockbroker, has been known to charge people tens of
thousands of dollars to hear him speak about how to make it big on Wall Street. But that’s an
extreme example. Even just the average therapist will be expensive just because of the rarity
of their expertise and all the schooling they must have gone through.
• What are the problems if you ask too many people for advice?
One problem would be that you might find yourself feeling lost. No one person is likely to
have the same advice and so you might end up with contradictory paths forward. As such,
you will be unsure as to what action you should take and you might become very indecisive
- a problem on its own. Another problem is that some of this advice may actually be irrelevant
or biased. Some people aren’t in a good enough mental space to give advice and might just
end up projecting. As such, it is best to seek the counsel of only your closest and most trusted
friends.
5. Describe a party that you enjoyed.
You should say:
• When and where the party was held
• What kind of party it was
• What you did at the party
And explain why you enjoyed this party.

88
Answer:
Well, I don’t go to all that many parties these days but there was one event that really stands
out, which was my cheerleading club’s anniversary party about a year ago. Since our club is
a cheerleading club and we always practice outdoors, the party was held at a practice field
near where we typically get together to go over our routines. The party was really simple, like
it wasn’t even jazzed up with lights or colorful balloons or anything so that gave it a relaxed
and chilled out atmosphere.
If my memory serves me right, it was to celebrate our club’s 5th year of operation so all past
members were invited. We sat around on cheerleading mats and snacked on fruit and potato
chips and other convenience store junk food. It was a casual get-together for sure.
During the party, we didn’t have any planned activities like games or musical performances.
We just sat around in a circle, sharing stories and catching up about what had been going on
in our lives. What made the party so enjoyable was the mix of people and getting to know
some of the older members of the group - I say “older” - I mean the original founding members
really. So not only did we get to catch up with old friends, we also had a chance to make new
ones.
At the end of the day, even though our club didn’t hold a spectacular event to mark the
occasion, we still had a great time together because it was an evening filled with laughter,
good conversation, and a feeling of togetherness. Also, the outdoor setting, the relaxing,
carefree atmosphere as well as the food was nice, and it stands out now as one of the most
memorable experiences during my time at university. So I’m really looking forward to many
more such gatherings in the future.
Part 3:
• Do you think music and dancing are a must at a party?
Well, in my opinion, whether music and dancing are a "must" depends on the type of party in
question. For celebrations like weddings or birthdays, music and dancing enhance the
atmosphere of a party by encouraging people to interact physically with each other. They
contribute to a more lively and enjoyable experience for the guests. So then it’s a “must.”
However, in more formal or intimate gatherings, such as family dinners or reunion dinners,
the focus might be more on conversation and catching up, making music and dancing less of

89
a necessity. In such cases, it's the company and meaningful interactions that make the
gathering special, rather than the presence of music and dancing. Overall, music and dancing
do add to the fun, but they are not always a must at a party.
• Do you think those who tend to stay at home are less healthy than those who often
attend parties?
I don’t think that people who stay at home are necessarily less healthy than those who go to
parties frequently. It’s not a relevant factor in my opinion. Health is influenced by a wide
range of factors, including diet, exercise, lifestyle, etc. While attending social events like
parties can have a positive impact on one's mental and emotional well-being as it can help
them relieve stress and anxiety for a short period of time, it doesn't automatically serve as an
indicator of a person's overall health in the long run. On the contrary, parties can even have a
detrimental effect on people’s mental health if the attendees abuse alcohol or other drugs.
People smoke at parties, for example. Those who stay at home can still lead a healthy life if
they know how to relax, such as by listening to music or watching movies, etc.. I think people
can maintain a balanced and healthy lifestyle whether they attend parties or not.
• What occasions do people like to celebrate with private parties in your country?
Well, there are various occasions where private parties are a better option. These may include
birthdays - where it’s usually just family members and relatives and close friends that come
over to celebrate. People also hold private parties when they want to celebrate their
anniversaries to mark a special milestone in their lives. It wouldn’t make sense to invite
someone else to an anniversary dinner for you and your wife. There are lots of corporate
events that are private parties too where companies will rent out a room or an entire restaurant
for the night.
• Why do some people not like going to parties?
For lots of different reasons... These reasons can be quite diverse and often depend on the
person's personality, preferences and past experiences. Some people may have social anxiety,
which makes large gatherings uncomfortable and overwhelming. For example, introverts
might find parties draining and prefer less intense, one-on-one interactions. For others, past
negative experiences at parties, such as being left out or feeling uncomfortable or getting sick,

90
can lead to a general aversion to such events. So they don’t attend parties to avoid
experiencing something bad again.
• What would you do if you were disturbed by a neighbour’s party?
I’d first try to address the issue politely and amicably. I might go over and speak to my
neighbors, express my concerns, and request that they keep the noise down or consider the
time of night. If the issue persists or it becomes a recurring problem, I might consider
involving the local authorities or reminding them of community guidelines. At most
apartment buildings, you can talk to the management office about issues like that and they’ll
alert security. But this step is really a last resort because it’s likely to create an antagonistic
relationship with your neighbors that could come around to bite you in the butt later on. So
I’d really try to settle things without involving some authority figures.
6. Describe a time you received bad service in a restaurant/shop.
You should say:
• When it happened
• Why you went there
• What happened in the restaurant/shop
And explain why you think their service was bad.
Answer:
Just two weeks ago, me and my friends went to a restaurant called Le Beaulieu which
specializes in French cuisine. We went there to celebrate my promotion at the company I
work for and my friends were treating me to a nice dinner out. As we made our way in, a staff
member told us to wait since the restaurant was full. Naturally we settled down to wait, but I
noticed that another group of people managed to get a table before we did and that was a sign
of things to come. Still, me and my friends found a table shortly afterwards and we then
quickly decided what we were going to order.
We signaled to the wait staff that we were ready to order, but they ignored us for a full 10
minutes before they finally came to our table and took down our order. After 20 or so minutes,
our food and drink had arrived, but the staff seemed resentful for having to carry the food to
our table - that’s what I read on their faces at least. The food was decent, but it wasn’t enough
to offset the rather poor service we were getting that night.

91
The service at Le Beaulieu was rather poor that evening because the staff was inattentive and
a bit on the rude side. They prioritized other people that came after us for a table and they
were slow taking our order. Also, the staff didn’t show much of a positive attitude towards
their job, and that was reflected in the displeasure they expressed when serving our food.
Would I go to Le Beaulieu again? Probably not, at least not until they fixed their service
issues. I should mention that I’m a very sensitive person and often see perceived slights where
nothing is really going on.
Part 3:
• What constitutes bad customer service?
Bad service is generally manifested in staff members being inattentive towards customer
needs. They might be unsympathetic or they may even straight up ignore customers or be
rude. It could also just be long wait times. There’s nothing worse than waiting forever for
your food at a restaurant if you’re really hungry.
• How do most people respond to bad service?
There are a lot of different approaches depending on the person and their personality. They
may express their displeasure verbally if they are confident. That could also be an
overcompensation though - they might complain in a showy way out of insecurity. But most
insecure people will just sit there and grit it out. They’ll suppress their emotions, internalize
them and later complain about it when they feel more comfortable with a friend.
• Why do some people choose to remain silent when they receive poor customer
service?
One reason could be that they want to avoid making a scene. They don’t want to make a
spectacle and possibly humiliate themselves in front of others - or they don’t want to
embarrass the business. So they might just take it on the chin and. It might also not be that
big of a deal - not all poor customer service is equal. Another reason is that complaining about
it may not even lead to meaningful change. A lot of the time businesses will continue to
provide poor service as they don’t see much of an incentive to change it or it’s too costly.
• Who should be responsible for poor customer service?
I think ultimately, the business that is providing the service should be held accountable. They
should be the ones who have to maintain quality standards, train their staff to offer the best

92
service possible, and ensure customer satisfaction. However, the customers themselves can
play a role in improving the quality of the service. They can provide vital feedback as to how
to make improvements and seek compensation when dissatisfied. As a result, companies will
take this feedback to heart and make the necessary changes to their service. If you don’t
complain, then you are enabling these businesses.
• As a boss, what would you do to prevent bad service?
One thing I would do is try to train my staff to be attentive and patient with customers. They're
the ones keeping the company afloat so they should be given top priority and treated with
respect. If the customers are well-looked after, then they’ll be satisfied with the service and
more eager to come back. Another measure I would take would be to establish clear service
standards. That way, staff members will be aware of what is expected of them and there won’t
be any inconsistency of confusion - hopefully.
• Do you think customer service is better now than it was in the past?
I think so. For one thing, there’s more competition between companies now, so they’re more
incentivized to offer the best services they can as one way of distinguishing their products or
services - look at a company like Apple for a prime example of that. If they provide good
service, they may be able to get a leg up on their competitors. For another, technology has
helped in improving service. Devices such as smartphones and computers have made services
more accessible and convenient and they allow complaints about poor service to reach larger
audiences, thus forcing companies to change the ways they offer their services. Public
shaming, basically.
7. Describe a period of time that changed your life in a good way.
You should say:
• When it was
• Who you were with
• What happened at that time
And explain why it changed your life.

93
Answer:
The one period of time that changed my life for the better that really sticks out to me was
when I went off to college in the UK for 3 years. Around the autumn of 2015, after barely
graduating from high school, I then decided to pursue a bachelor’s degree in biochemistry in
London. It was a big change for sure, but it was one where I was willing to give it a go because
I wanted to go abroad to study and experience a new environment. So, I went off on my own
to London Metropolitan University and settled down in a dorm with 100 other students.
One positive change that happened during this period was I became more confident in talking
to people. During high school, I was somewhat reticent to talk to people because I was afraid
of being judged. However, the people I talked to at my college were very friendly and open-
minded so I was more open to communicating with them and thus I became more assured of
myself in my ability to socialize. Another positive change that happened was I became more
disciplined with my schoolwork. Back in high school, I was in the habit of leaving
assignments to the last minute because I didn’t really want to do them, especially when they
were due so far into the future. At this time however, I started doing my assignments a week
or two before they were due so that I would have more time for myself and not feel stressed
out from procrastinating.
My time in college made me a better person because I became more confident in making
friends and I became more dedicated and focused on doing my work to the best of my ability
- no excuses. I’m hoping that these changes will stick.
Part 3:
• Do you like new things and changes in life?
I don’t mind new things or changes as long as they have a positive effect on me personally.
For example, if I was told that I had to eat more vegetables to be healthier, I wouldn’t mind
doing that because I know it will result in a net positive impact on my life. What I will not
accept however are changes that don’t benefit me in any way or are actively harmful. For
example, if I was advised to change my major to something like accounting or science, I
wouldn’t like it because I don’t have an interest in those fields nor would I like to be forced
to do something I don’t enjoy.

94
 • How do you adapt to changes in life?
I adapt to changes by first understanding what they are and what is expected of me. I need to
know what this change entails and how it will impact my daily life. If it’s a positive change,
then I’ll most likely embrace it. If not, then I’ll find a way around it if possible. For example,
if I plan to lose weight this year, then I’ll follow an exercise routine as close to the letter as
possible That might require a lot out of me - signing up for a gym membership and not
spending money on other things, eating healthier, going out less, etc. So I’d have to adapt a
lot.
• Why do people change jobs?
People quit their jobs for a variety of different reasons. One of them is that they may no longer
like the work they’re doing. If they can’t find enjoyment in the everyday grind of what they
do then there’s little motivation for them to continue doing it - at that point they may resolve
to cut their losses and move on to another job. Another reason is that their current job may
not pay very well. If the salary they’re getting isn’t enough to cover living expenses, they are
naturally going to start thinking up an exit plan.
• Who can adapt better to changes, children or adults?
I think children adapt better to changes because at their age, they’re only starting to learn
about the world around them and its complexities and they are used to new things all the time.
They have not yet reached the point where they have a definitive mindset or opinion on things
and so they’re more open to change. Adults on the other hand are more set in their ways and
so they are comparatively less open to change. They have ingrained habits and opinions. It
can be tough to convince them to change even if it’s for their own good.
• When getting married or moving home, what kinds of factors are usually
considered?
One thing I would consider is the cost. I’d want to evaluate how much it would cost me to get
married or move to a new home. If the cost is reasonable, then I would be open to doing them.
Another factor I would consider is the timing. These are major life changes and I’d want to
make sure they don’t clash with any other duties or responsibilities I might have.

95
 • What are the advantages of making big life changes?
One advantage to making changes is that people can discover more about themselves in terms
of what they like or don’t like. For example, when people change jobs, they may find out that
they like their new job more than their previous one because they find the work there more
interesting. If you don’t know what you want in life, it is very hard to know what you should
be doing from one minute to the next. Another advantage is that change can lead to more
positive outcomes. For example, if a person changes their diet to a plant-based one, it can
have a positive effect on their health and so it would be a welcome change for that person in
terms of their longevity in all likelihood.
8. Describe a historical period of time that you are interested in.
You should say:
• When it was
• What you know about it
• How you learned about it
And explain why you are interested in this era.
Answer:
The Vietnam War era is what comes to mind for me naturally. If memory serves me right, it
spanned from the mid-1950s to the mid-1970s. And this pivotal period played a crucial role
in shaping modern Vietnamese history.
I initially learned about this era through my school's history curriculum, where we covered
key events and the overall context of the Vietnam War on a geopolitical scale. However, my
deeper understanding of this period comes from delving into various documentaries, historical
literature, and first-hand accounts over the years.
Documentaries and books have provided me with detailed insight into the intricacies of the
war, its origins, major battles, and the personal stories of those who lived through it. I’ve also
had the privilege of conversing with some veterans and survivors of the war in person. These
personal interactions offered unique and emotional perspectives on the war's impact on
individuals and Vietnamese society as a whole.
There are a few reasons why I find this era to be so fascinating. It was a time of intense
conflict, political maneuvering, and international interference, making it a captivating case

96
study for global relations that has some present relevance. The resilience of the Vietnamese
people during this turbulent period is truly inspiring, and their determination in the face of
adversity is a testament to the human spirit. Additionally, the eventual reconciliation and
diplomatic efforts that resulted in Vietnam's reunification serve as a reminder that peace and
unity are possible even under the most trying conditions.
Part 3:
• Why do students find learning history boring?
In my opinion, a number of factors contribute to this phenomenon. History is frequently taught
in a fact-based, dry way that emphasizes dates and events without any thought for
making personalized connections or talking about the present day applicability to current
events. Moreover, the sheer volume of historical information can be overwhelming so it’s
challenging to engage with and study for on top of all your other subjects. To make history
more interesting, educators should emphasize stories, people, and societal impact, showing
the relevance of the past to the present. And lighten the homework load and not require the
pointless memorization of dates.
• Do museums play an important role in teaching people about history?
Yes, I’d say, as they provide tangible, immersive experiences. They have on display historical
artifacts, exhibits, and interactive pieces that can bring history to life. Museums make history
more engaging and accessible, allowing people to connect with the past on a personal level.
They are particularly effective in helping students and the general public for lasting memories.
It’s much easier to remember an object you’ve actually seen or a time you walked around and
saw photos from a war than it is to remember what is written in a textbook.
• Do older people tend to be more interested in history than younger generations?
Of course! They may have firsthand knowledge of some historical events so that’s invaluable
in getting them interested. People also frequently grow to appreciate the past more as they get
older and they may be more drawn to studying history later in life. However, there are
exceptions, some young people today are brought into history through innovative and
relatable teaching methods such as virtual field trips, multimedia presentations, and historical
simulations that allow them to step into the shoes of historical figures or make decisions in
historical contexts. But I feel those are more exceptions than the norm.

97
 • Do students today feel overwhelmed when learning about history?
I guess students can indeed feel overwhelmed by the sheer volume of historical information
they are tasked with learning but this comes down to the student in question, the school, the
teacher, the country - all sorts of other factors. History is full of events, dates, and facts, and
students may struggle to find relevance or interest in any context I suppose. To mitigate this,
history teaching should focus on the broader themes, the human stories behind historical
events, and their impact on society today. This approach can make history more manageable
and engaging for students. But in the end, it’s no more overwhelming than the next subject.
• What are the advantages and disadvantages of using technology to learn about
history?
Well, I suppose there are pros and cons for sure. On the positive side, technology provides
the average person with the internet access to vast digital archives, interactive historical
simulations, and immersive virtual tours of historical sites. However, it can also lead to
information overload and distraction. Students may miss out on the depth that can be achieved
with traditional research methods, such as reading books and examining physical artifacts.
There is a patience and diligence to those methods that modern technology can’t match in my
opinion.
9. Describe an occasion when somebody or something was making a lot of noise.
You should say:
• Who or what made the noise
• What the noise was like
• What you did when you heard the noise
And explain how you felt about it.
Answer:
There was this one evening when I was sitting at home reading a book. It was a quiet evening
and I was sitting on the couch reading a book by Marcel Proust and I was enjoying it quite a
bit - not to sound too pretentious. All of a sudden, loud music started blasting all over the
neighbourhood. I was jolted out of my seat by the music and got up to see where the music
was coming from. It turns out that it was from a party happening just down the road. They

98
were playing electronic dance music which was heavy on the bass and had a thumping beat
that sounded like it was coming from inside my own chest. Also, the rhythm of the music was
up-tempo and unrelenting, which I presumed helped to amp up the excitement of the party.
Unwilling to tolerate the loud music any longer, I decided to go out for a walk around town.
I walked for a couple of hours late into the night, enjoying the urban scenery as I strolled
around aimlessly. I momentarily stopped at a coffee shop for a warm cup of coffee before
heading home. By the time I got back, the music had changed to soft jazz and it was a lot
quieter this time. I wonder a bit at how the party transitioned from loud techno to jazz. Being
satisfied with the noise level, I went back inside my house and prepared for bed since it was
well past midnight.
I generally don’t like music when it’s so loud, it can be heard from a distance as it disrupts
my ability to focus and it sometimes just gives me an ear-splitting headache. I try to avoid
loud music by going somewhere away from the music or putting on my headphones to drown
out outside noise.
Part 3:
• Where can people hear a lot of noise?
I’d say that city centers often have the highest noise levels. They boast restaurants, coffee
shops, offices, bars, and nightclubs where people can gather together and talk at relatively
high volumes. Also, there are so many roads that traverse these city centers and a lot of the
time, they get heavily congested so it’s not uncommon to hear horns honking, engines being
revved up and people shouting, all of which add to the ever increasing noise levels in cities
these days.
• What kinds of places should be noise-free?
One kind of obvious place that should be noise-free would be the library. People go to the
library to read or study and as such they want to have complete focus. If there’s too much
noise being made in the library, then people will struggle to focus in on their work and may
be annoyed. Another kind of place that should be noise-free is an expensive luxury resort.
People come to these resorts just to get away from the stress of daily life and so they want
peace and quiet. If there’s loud karaoke going on, they might consider it a waste of money.

99
 • What can be done to reduce traffic noise?
One thing that could be done would be to institute car-free days. These are days when no car
or truck is allowed to commute through city centers. With fewer cars on the road, there will
inevitably be less noise produced. Another thing that can be done is to make public
transportation more appealing and accessible. If proper investment was allocated to public
transportation, more people would use it and private transportation would be used less often,
thus reducing noise levels coming from traffic.
• Do you think the world will be noisier in the future?
I suppose so. The global population is always growing and it’s only natural that more people
equals more noise. For example, people will continue to play loud music, drive cars and talk
loudly in public, all of which make a lot of noise. It would be hard to live your life as quiet as
a monk in this day and age for anyone. So the world isn’t getting quieter any time soon.
• What principles should people follow in your country to benefit the public good?
I think one key tenet people can follow regardless of culture is to help your fellow man. There
are times in life when all of us will need a helping hand. After all, we are all part of one
community and we should strengthen it by being there for each other when someone is in a
jam. Another moral that should be followed is to be empathetic towards others - that’s related
to the one I was just talking about. If everyone would take the time to understand better what
another person is going through, then perhaps there will be less animosity and more
compassion.
10. Describe an occasion when you used a map.
You should say:
• When you used the map
• Where you were
• Why you used a paper map
And explain how you felt about the experience.
Answer:
One time I was hiking deep into the rainforests of Malaysia with my close friends and we
were venturing out into the wilderness with pretty much no prior knowledge or experience in
the area - just the way we like it. Nevertheless, we were super confident that we were going

100
to make it out of the jungle in one piece. At the start, we were traversing lush vegetation; with
our machetes we were cutting through thick bushes and grass and we went at it for hours.
However, in the midst of our hike, my friends and I wound up getting lost. We had no idea of
our position within the forest and we started to panic.
Luckily for us, we had the machetes and a map with us and we tried to find out where we
were and where a path back to civilization was. With the help of a local we came across, we
figured out that we were at the eastern end of the jungle and the nearest town was about 5
kilometers from our position. So we then charted a course for the town and followed it closely
to avoid getting turned around again. We had a paper map with us since there was no network
coverage in the forest for our cell phones so we couldn’t use Google maps. That didn’t matter
anyway as we knew where to go and after an hour or so we finally made it to the town.
It was a pretty cool experience to use a paper map during a journey. It reminded me of stories
of famous explorers using maps they’d drawn themselves to navigate. However, whenever
possible, I’ll stick to using my phone with its built-in map since it’s the safer, more convenient
option.
Part 3:
• What do people usually do when they get lost?
I think most people tend to ask others around them where they are and how they can get to a
certain destination. Most of the time, locals who know the area very well will be happy to
point you in the right direction. But with cell phones these days it’s probably even more
common to just pull up a built-in map. That way, you can see where you are and follow your
progress as you go, making sure you don’t make a wrong turn.
• What are the differences between paper and digital maps?
One clear difference between paper and digital maps is the format they are presented in. Paper
maps can easily be carried around in bags or pockets but they are of course made from paper
and bulky and vulnerable to damage. Digital maps however, can only be found on computers
and cell phones. Another difference is the level of detail that is shown. Paper maps usually
show the general overview of a particular region, whereas digital maps allow people to zoom
in so that they can get a more detailed layout of the area.

101
 • What do you think of in-car GPS navigation systems?
I don’t have a strong opinion about them but I think they’re helpful. They’re much more
convenient than pulling out a real map as all drivers need to do is to type in their destination
and the GPS system automatically charts a course for them and they can keep their eyes on
the road. From there, the driver can just drive along and not worry about navigation. That
being said, they can sometimes be distracting. The driver does have to look back and forth
between the GPS and the road at times and that could potentially result in an accident.
• Why do many people often struggle with using a real map?
I think it’s because they have never used a paper map as they’re used to using the one on their
phones. Paper maps can be rather cumbersome to use. Also, if they’ve never been taught how
to use a map before, they’ll have trouble figuring out where they are and where they need to
go. But it’s not really a major issue since smartphones are all around and in the worst-case
scenario you could ask a local to point you in the right direction.
• How does learning to read a map help you learn more about your country?
Well, when looking at a map of Vietnam, for example, I can easily see where the 63 provinces
are and where the major cities such as Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City are. That way when
someone asks me where Hai Phong is, I won’t need to consult a map - not that people ask me
that all that much. Also, when looking at a historical map of Vietnam, I can learn about how
the country was governed in the past and who was ruling over which regions. That can be
really interesting and helps me situate myself into our historical time period.
11. Describe a time when you helped someone you worked or studied with.
You should say:
• Who you helped
• Why and how you helped him/her
• How this person reacted to your help
And explain how you felt about the experience.
Answer:
I used to work in a warehouse for a company that imports food from all sorts of countries. It
was me, twenty other workers and a foreman who were overseeing the loading and shipping
of cargo. One time, while I was carrying boxes of produce to a truck for loading, I saw one of

102
my fellow workers struggling to carry two full sacks of potatoes to the truck, both weighing
5 kilograms each (he wasn’t the strongest guy to be honest). But he was one of my closest
friends - Jimmy - and he had a lame leg because of a cycling accident he had been in as a kid.
Nevertheless, he looked like he was determined to carry the sacks by himself, not needing
anyone else’s help so I let him be and struggle on for a while.
However, after a few minutes had passed, Jimmy was still struggling to carry the potato sacks
and so I then resolved to help him out. I asked Jimmy if he needed any help and he said no.
Despite this, I told him that he was going to get my help anyway and so I carried one potato
sack while Jimmy carried the other. We both managed to load the sacks into the truck and
Jimmy said thanks for the help. He told me that he knew he needed help but he wanted to
prove to the other guys that he could do things on his own despite his leg. I replied to him that
I know the feeling (actually I don’t) but sometimes we can’t do everything on our own and so
it’s OK to ask for help every now and then. By the end of it, it felt nice to have helped someone
with a difficult task, especially when they have a disability that may impede them from getting
the job done.
Part 3:
• How do people usually help each other in your country?
Typically, people lend a helping hand to others whenever it’s obvious they need it. For
example, they may help someone who is carrying heavy bags filled with groceries home.
Also, people may give advice to others who are facing some kind of dilemma and are unsure
about what to do. For instance, when someone is uncertain about what job they should apply
for, their friends can give career advice and from there the person in question can take the
advice to heart or at least take it into consideration before settling on a career path.
• Do you think it is important to help people who are in need?
I think so. This moral principle reinforces the notion that we can’t do everything by ourselves
and that’s OK. Sometimes a little help goes a long way and we shouldn’t be ashamed to ask
for it. By helping others, our bonds within a community can be strengthened and they will
likely help us back to return the favour. There is also the matter of privilege. If you grew up
with any degree of privilege, then you owe it to people from disadvantaged backgrounds to
help them out when feasible.

103
 • How important is it to be kind when helping others?
I think helping others is already an act of kindness in itself so we don’t need to take it further
by being ostentatious about it. We don’t have to go overboard to prove how kind or caring we
are to others. Just helping them is enough to prove that we are good-natured and it also shows
some humility. If we go too far in signaling we are kind, it sort of shows that we may be
insecure about our real intentions and we are trying to overcompensate. But if the kindness is
genuine, then there’s nothing better on Earth than a warm smile.
• Should children be taught to be kind to others?
I think so. It’s just a basic human decency that we should all strive to achieve throughout our
lives. If children are taught how to be kind, then they’ll learn how people will be kind back
to them and thus they can begin to form new friendships. It’s good karma as the Buddhists
might say. Children will also learn what happens if they aren’t kind to others. They’ll begin
to understand that others may resent them and therefore it will be hard for them to connect
with other people and form meaningful bonds.
• Is kindness the most important human characteristic?
I don’t think kindness is any more or less important than other human qualities. It’s just an
inborn quality that some people have and it can work in tandem with others such as resilience,
determination, intelligence, and curiosity. Although I guess it can also be a learned behavior.
Lots of people who are not kind are just lacking in self-confidence and as they get older and
more secure in themselves, they become kinder naturally. In that way, it could be considered
one of the more important personality traits a person can develop.
12. Describe a time when you were very busy.
You should say:
• When this time was
• What you had to do during that time
• How you managed the situation
And explain how you felt about being so busy.

104
Answer:
I remember one time when I had to work late into the night to get a major assignment done
for my company. This was about 5 years ago and me and my team were asked to write a 10-
page report on the state of foreign direct investment in Namibia and how our company could
take advantage of the situation. We were told to write it before the beginning of the next day
- a pretty tight deadline. But we were still determined to finish it by the given deadline.
In writing the report, my co-workers and I had to do an enormous amount of research about
Namibia’s economy and where it was getting investment from - with no real prior knowledge
or expertise. We had to pull from various sources - Internet articles, published journals and e-
books. Though there was a lot of information to parse through, we were discerning enough to
find the information most relevant to our assignment. Next, we had to determine what the
structure of the report would look like. After some deliberation, we decided to start the report
with important context regarding Namibia’s economy, continue it with information regarding
its sources of foreign direct investment, and finish it with some recommendations about how
our company could get in on the action.
Once we had our structure down, we went ahead and wrote the report. Each of us had our
own section to write and I was responsible for the all-important middle part. All of this was
done throughout the whole working day and then some as we worked for four more hours
after everyone else headed home until we had finished at around 9 at night. Mind you, we
didn’t take any breaks and it was so exhausting being this busy. Not sure it was worth it either
since our boss probably just gave it a quick once-over.
Part 3:
• Why do people often feel tired these days in your country?
I think it largely comes down to the amount of work they’re doing these days. People are
saddled with heavy workloads and are compelled to get them done within rather tight
deadlines. As such, they’re not given much time to rest and this can easily lead to feeling run-
down, a feeling of constant fatigue. If companies were more understanding about what their
employees go through each day, then perhaps they would give more generous deadlines so
that they would have enough time to rest and recharge. Luckily, people aren’t nearly as busy
today as they were in the past.

105
 • Is time management important?
Yeah, of course. It’s vital as it ensures that people can have enough time to do the things they
need to get done. If they can’t manage their time well, then they’ll likely fail to do these things
on time and they’ll have to catch up later and they’ll always be playing catch up basically. As
such, people have to make sure that they don’t spend too much time doing one thing so that
they can do other things as well. It may be difficult to be disciplined and not procrastinate,
sure, but it will pay off by a lot in the long run.
• How can people balance work and life?
One thing people can do is to have certain days off just to themselves. On those days, they
can forget about their work and relax. They can pursue their hobbies or spend time with
friends; that way they will feel rejuvenated and ready for work the next day. This is the whole
reason the weekend was invented. Another thing people can do is to make a weekly schedule
and allocate a certain amount of time for each task, whether it is work-related or otherwise.
That way, they can devote equal attention to both aspects of their lives.
• How does technology help with time management?
Nowadays, devices such as smartphones and computers have built-in calendars that sync with
other apps and which can be used to organize what you’ve got to get done according to your
personal priorities and schedule. Online calendars can remind people of what they should be
working on and when the deadline is coming up. These days, I’ve noticed many of my friends
use the calendar apps on their phones or computers to manage their schedules and they’ve
told me that it’s crucial for staying organized.
• Do you think young people organize their time in the same ways as elderly people
do?
I don’t think so, not at all. Young people tend to organize their time by instinct. What I mean
by this is that deep in their mind, they have a sense for when they’ve spent enough time doing
something and when to move on to the next task. This is a way of living that comes naturally
to most. In contrast, elderly people are more likely to manage their time through cold, hard
scheduling. Most older people I know have a calendar which informs them of the things they
should do and the timeframe they should do them within. They’re more anxious about
forgetting something important.

106
13. Describe an occasion when you heard someone complaining about something in a
public place (a restaurant or a store).
You should say:
• When and where it happened
• What he/she complained about
• What the result was
And explain how you felt about the experience.
Answer:
Around 5 years ago, I was walking in a local park with a friend of mine. We were just
wandering around and catching up when we came across an old woman complaining about
some skateboarders skating on the footpaths in the park. But before I go into that, I would
like to provide some context. Skateboarders skating around the park on the footpaths is a
rather common sight and there’s no rule indicating that they aren’t allowed to do so. After all,
the footpaths are wide enough to accommodate both skateboarders and pedestrians. There are
some who still complain about these skateboarders, including the old woman in this incident.
She grumbled to the skateboarders about how they’re endangering people walking in the park
and how they shouldn’t be allowed to skate on the footpaths, no matter what the signs say or
don’t say. The old woman then told the skateboarders to go away and skate somewhere else.
However, the skateboarders countered her complaints by rightfully stating that there’s no rule
prohibiting skating on the footpaths and that they were careful to not run into pedestrians so
her complaints were baseless. By the end of the incident, the old woman knew she had lost
the argument and decided to walk away from it, not wanting to escalate the situation any
further. The skateboarders then continued to skate on their merry way.
It was a pretty wild experience to see someone complain this loudly about people going about
their business enjoying themselves. I would never get into this kind of situation as I hardly
ever complain about things. I don’t want to come off as old and out of touch like this old lady
did.

107
Part 3:
• What products or services do people in your country usually complain about?
I think the biggest thing Vietnamese people end up complaining about is customer service.
Regardless if it’s a shop, a restaurant, a website or a bar, one thing most will not stand for is
poor customer service. The Vietnamese take hospitality very seriously as it is ingrained in our
culture. If we’re treated poorly by an establishment of some kind, we will make our thoughts
and feelings known by either grumbling to the service provider directly or telling our friends
about it for years and years afterwards - we hold grudges.
• Do you think complaints are important for businesses?
Yes, they can be very constructive. They force businesses to rethink their approach to service
and they can learn from these complaints so that they can do better in the long term. However,
the caveat to this is that the complaints have to be valid. If a customer clearly lays out what is
wrong with a business and why, that business will most likely take these comments to heart.
However, if a customer just goes off about the company for no real rhyme or reason, those
grumblings will likely be ignored as they’re not worth their time.
• Do you think it’s important for a business to train their employees to react to
customer complaints?
Yeah, naturally. By providing this kind of training, employees will know what to do in any
given situation. As such, they can be more prepared to handle complaints and provide the best
service they can. This approach has worked for many large companies across the world such
as Samsung and McDonald’s and they’ve been lauded for their responsive customer service,
especially when it comes to addressing grievances. Sometimes a grievance is an opportunity
to show to the customer how much you care and it can actually be a net positive.
• Is it better to complain in writing or in person?
Personally, I think it’s better to complain in person since the company you’re criticizing will
be less likely to ignore you and more likely to take your grievances seriously. If they’re
directly confronted with complaints, the company will be forced to think about the comments
that have been made and what they can do to address them not just in the moment, but also in
the long term. Though it can help to complain in writing to a degree, the company will

108
probably just ignore what you’ve written if they can. They probably get tons of messages and
emails every day.
• In what situations does complaining have a positive effect?
The one situation that immediately comes to mind is when people are expressing their anger
about social injustices such as racism, sexism, and xenophobia. When enough people
complain about these pervasive issues and they make their thoughts and feelings known in
the community at large, the leaders of that community might be forced to take notice and act
upon them to change society for the better. This happened recently when African Americans
were protesting poor treatment by white people in certain urban areas in the United States.
The result was greater focus on issues related to police brutality and institutionalized racism.

109
 TOPIC 4:
ACTIVITY

110
1. Describe an expensive activity that you enjoy doing occasionally.
You should say:
• What it is
• Who you do it with
• Why it is expensive
And explain why you enjoy doing this expensive activity.
Answer:
An expensive pastime that I enjoy doing from time to time is playing golf. It’s a sport that is
mostly the domain of rich people who play at private golf courses and country clubs. I’m in
a fortunate enough position having inherited a lot of money that I can afford golf clubs, balls
and a country club membership. I usually play golf with friends from school. They’re in
similar positions to me and keen on learning the sport. Sometimes I play with complete
strangers I meet at the country club but that’s kind of rare. I enjoy the leisurely pace of it and
the competitive element - we usually place bets on the games and square up after we finish 9
or 18 holes.
Golf is an expensive sport because of the costs involved, that’s kind of obvious. First, there’s
the price of golf balls. They cost an average of 50 dollars per box, which is pretty costly for a
ball the size of a kumquat. More importantly, there’s the price of golf clubs. Typically, they’ll
set you back around 400 - 500 dollars for one set, and that’s a cheaper set. Nevertheless, I still
enjoy playing golf because it is a very calming sport that helps me to relieve my stress and
anxiety. I also like the technical aspect of working on my swing, learning to put, choosing the
right club for any given shot, etc.
Part 3:
• Why do some people prefer to engage in expensive leisure activities, even if there
are more affordable alternatives?
I think it’s mainly because people want to flaunt their status - though it might be that they just
want to try out something new. But lots want to show off that they are rich and prove that
they can afford to do these expensive activities. For example, rich people often go sailing on
private yachts because they are the ultimate symbol of wealth. yachts don’t come cheap.

111
However, it comes off to me as nothing more than vanity. There’s more to life than
overcompensating for your insecurities by living large.
• What are the advantages and disadvantages of being rich?
That’s a really broad question but one advantage of being rich is that you can afford almost
anything you want - within reason. With tons of money at your disposal, you can purchase
anything from an expensive watch to a private jet. However, one disadvantage to being so
affluent is that you’re more likely to be targeted by criminals. Someone who may be
struggling to make ends meet, might see you as a potential target since they figure that you
already have more than enough money to live on comfortably - and they might be right in
thinking that way.
• What is the difference between the shopping habits of men and women?
I’d say from what I’ve seen men tend to buy more practical items. New phones, computers,
cars. Lots of tech stuff or things they can use. Women, on the other hand, are more interested
in aesthetics. They are more likely to be picky about their clothes, make-up and jewellery.
Maybe these preconceptions are a little outdated and sexist but there is still some truth to
them.
• Why are some sports expensive?
Some sports are expensive because the equipment needed to play them with is expensive as
well. For instance, to play polo, you will need to rent out a horse as well as buy mallets, polo
balls and obstacles to place in the middle of the field, all of which can cost upwards of
thousands of dollars. As such, it’s prohibitively expensive to play and really only a sport
reserved for the upper echelons of polite society.
• Apart from the cost of an activity, are there any other factors that influence an
individual's decision to participate in it?
For sure! I think one factor that could influence an individual’s decision is safety. For
instance, if it looks like you might get injured from it, then people are gonna be more reluctant
to give it a go. Another factor would be the enjoyment level that can be derived from the
activity. If it looks boring, for example, then people will be less likely to try it out. That’s one
reason I’ve never really been up to give baseball a shot.

112
2. Describe a water sport you would like to try in the future.
You should say:
• What it is
• Where you would like to try it
• How difficult it is
And explain why you would like to try it.
Answer:
I'm going to talk about surfing, a pastime that I’ve been thinking about having a crack at for
a while now. Just so you know - well, as you know, actually - it's a water sport where one
stands on a long plastic or wooden board and rides waves in the ocean. The idea of gliding
across the water and catching the perfect wave is exciting because it’s so out of the ordinary.
Surprisingly, it's widely popular in Western countries but not as much in Vietnam, which
seems unusual considering our extensive coastline and all the stunning beaches dotting around
the country.
I don't know about you but I think of surfing as a challenging and potentially hazardous water
sport. I’ve stumbled upon loads of online videos showing individuals attempting surfing and
failing miserably. So, I really think that enrolling in a surfing course should be my first step
if I want to give it a real go. That would be better for my safety and my confidence. In terms
of the equipment, for a beginner, you'll need a surfboard, a surfboard leash, fins and a wetsuit.
If possible, I’d love to practice surfing in Nha Trang, one of the more popular coastal beach
towns in Vietnam.
There are several reasons why I’m eager to give surfing a go. For one, it provides an incredible
connection with nature - I can immerse myself in the waves, feel their force and take in the
sights around me - I imagine it to be a rejuvenating and exhilarating experience. For another,
surfing offers many mental and physical health benefits. It forces me to use different muscles
- rarely used ones - so in a sense, it's a total body workout. On top of that, it's also a great way
to put my feet up and relieve stress as I can enjoy being out in the sunshine and having fun in
the waves.
Hopefully one day I can paddle out, catch my first wave, and embark on the thrilling journey
of becoming a surfer. Just the thought of it already fills me with excitement and dread.

113
Part 3:
• What's the difference between outdoor sports and indoor sports?
It’s in the name. Outdoor sports are played outside in open spaces like parks and fields while
indoor sports are played in enclosed spaces like gyms and indoor courts. That’s the most
obvious difference right there. Another major difference is that indoor sports have smaller
courts to play on since they have to account for the space limitations of a given building,
whereas outdoor sports have more leeway since they typically have more space to work with
- I’m thinking of a big football pitch for example.
• What kinds of water sports are popular nowadays?
There’re lots of water sports that are popular these days. I recently saw on YouTube one called
water polo, which is basically football or handball but played in a pool. Each team has to get
the ball into the opposing goal to score points and the team who scores the most points wins
- typical game stuff. Another commonly played water sport is rowing, in which teams of
rowers have to collectively row a boat down a river to the finish line. Obviously, the first team
to reach the finish line wins the race. Those ones are popular abroad I think, I haven’t seen
them played much here in Vietnam where most people just like to go swimming.
• Why should we develop water transport?
Water transport should be prioritised since waterways are viable pathways for people and
goods to travel on. There is less likely to be congestion when traveling on water, at least
compared to traveling on the road, so there’s plenty of room for vessels to get around. Also,
it presents another option for companies to transport their goods, in addition to road and air
transport. But at the moment, that kind of shipping is fairly developed already and most cities
don’t have a bunch of criss-crossing rivers to expand their transport options on. So, I’m really
not sure.
• Do you think it is necessary for everyone to learn to swim?
I think so, yeah. It certainly helps when a person is in the middle of a body of water like the
ocean or a river and they need to get to shore - in extreme situations that could be life or death.
If they don’t know how to swim, then they are at greater risk of drowning. It’s actually a lot
more common for people to drown than you might think so beyond the enjoyment people can

114
get from swimming, there are good safety reasons to make sure everyone learns how to swim
or at least tread water.
• Why do people like spending time near water?
Well, not everyone does but lots of people like to spend time being near water as it provides
them a change of scenery and some calm. Since people spend most of their time on land inside
their homes and offices, being near water sort of has the effect of waking them up from a kind
of slumber. Maybe that’s why people like to go on beach holidays so much. The water
is refreshing to swim around in, provided that it’s clean of course.
• What are the advantages and disadvantages of water transport?
One crucial advantage of water transport is that it can be a legit alternative to road or air
transport. If it isn’t possible to ship goods on roads or by air, then using vessels such as boats
or ships to transport goods is a good backup. Another plus point is that this type of transport
costs less money than the others I believe so companies can save some money which I’m sure
they will then distribute to employees or pass the savings on to customers. A disadvantage of
water transport is it’s slower on average than road or air transport. Something coming by air
might get to its destination in a few hours or a day at the most but boats can take a lot longer
- days, weeks, even months, I think.
3. Describe an activity that made you feel tired.
You should say:
• When and where it took place
• Why you took part in it
• What the activity was
And explain why it made you feel tired.
Answer:
I once took part in a marathon almost 5 years ago, a hellish experience. It was the annual
Hanoi Marathon where competitors run 42 kilometers around the city and the first person to
cross the finish line wins the race - that goes without saying. The race track spans all the major
central districts of Hanoi - Hoan Kiem, Ba Dinh and Tay Ho to name a few. Some of it even
cuts through small alleys to make the race more challenging and unique. I took part in the
marathon because I thought it would be a nice challenge for me and I needed to get in the

115
exercise at the time. I was pretty out of shape back then and my cardio and endurance were
poor to say the least.
The start and finish line was next to Hoan Kiem Lake. We all started the run at 10 in the
morning. In order not to tire myself out too early on, I paced myself. After all, it’s not a big
deal if I don’t finish 1st; all that matters is just finishing the race. And finishing first wasn’t
really on my mind… I managed to run for about 4 hours and 10 minutes covering the full 42
kilometers and by the end I was properly knackered. My legs were shaky and I was struggling
to catch my breath for a while. I was tired because running for 42 kilometers without stopping
was just too much for my body to handle. Perhaps I should wait a while until giving another
marathon a shot.
Part 3:
• Do people in your country get tired from their studies?
I’d say so I guess though it’s a strange question - all work makes people tired. Students these
days have to learn so many subjects and complete so many assignments just to keep up with
their classmates. It has gotten to the point where students feel overwhelmed and can burn out.
If schools want students to be more engaged during school hours, then they should allow them
to choose the subjects they want to study and lighten their workload.
• When do people usually feel tired?
Well it could be at any time but I guess most people normally feel tired late in the afternoon
because they’ve been up for some hours presumably and have been working or studying or
even just watching Netflix. That’s when most people try to get in a little afternoon nap.
Conversely, people feel most productive in the early morning after getting a good night’s
sleep - that’s not a given though.
• Do people have fewer holidays now compared to the past?
I’m not sure. I think we celebrate more or less the same number of holidays now as we did in
the past. Not only do we still celebrate international holidays like Christmas and New Year’s
but we also celebrate our individual national holidays. For example, we in Vietnam celebrate
the Lunar New Year and the Mid-Autumn Festival. But maybe the time people have off for
these holidays is longer now - people don’t have to work themselves to the bone any more
though you wouldn’t know it by how much they complain about being busy…

116
 • What are the differences between feeling tired after studying and after
exercising?
When people feel tired after studying, they feel mentally spent. They might feel a lack of
motivation to continue with their work and want to stop and leave their work to the next day.
When people feel tired after exercise, their body is dead - they don’t have energy to move
around. They might have aches and pains. However, that can lead to a good night’s sleep and
leave you feeling refreshed and recharged for the next day.
• How can people help old people from getting tired easily?
I’m not sure but I imagine supplements and vitamins could help. Vitamins are really helpful
for providing the energy needed to get on with one’s day. It’s probably better to just alter your
diet and get vitamins and minerals from eating right. Another thing would be to stay active
around the house. Some people try to conserve energy by not being active - but that only leads
to more fatigue. Energy works like a generator - the more that you use it, the more your body
produces.
4. Describe an activity that you enjoy doing alone in your free time.
You should say:
• What it is
• How often you do it
• Where you usually do it
And explain why you like to do this activity.
Answer:
I’m an avid reader so I’d go with reading as my all-time favorite activity when I’m on my
own. I've made it a part of my daily routine to read, even if it's just for a second. On average,
I'd say I spend about an hour or two completely absorbed in the pages of a good book every
day. It doesn't matter if it's a gripping novel, a thought-provoking non-fiction book, or even
some soothing poetry; I'm up for it all. I like changing it up too so that I don’t get bored of
the same genre.
My favorite reading spot… is this cozy corner in my bedroom near the window. I've created
a small reading nook there with a comfortable armchair, a small blanket, and a well-organized
bookshelf. It's the perfect spot for me to forget my worries and escape into a good book.

117
The thing about reading that really pulls me in is how it transports me to different worlds and
allows me to explore varied cultures, historical eras and perspectives - all within the confines
of my imagination. It's like taking an imaginary trip that broadens my horizons and fosters
empathy. Secondly, reading is my go-to stress reliever. When I open a book, it's like waving
goodbye to all the worries and stresses of the day and diving into the author's world where
none of that stuff is relevant. It's a form of healthy escapism that helps me recharge and face
life. I think of it as healthy because I learn more than I would just messing around on my
phone. Every book I read contributes a bit more to my understanding of the world, and it's a
fantastic way to build and exercise my vocabulary.
For me, reading is a beloved solo activity because it offers me an escape, broadens my
horizons, relaxes me, and satisfies my innate curiosities about the world. It's a habit that I
treasure deeply, and honestly, I can't imagine a life without the sheer joy of reading.
Part 3:
• How do people in your country usually plan their days off?
I can’t speak for everyone cause it’s quite diverse and often revolves around individual
interests and preferences but lots look ahead to recreational activities like sports, while others
prefer cultural pursuits like visiting museums or attending theater performances. Socializing
with friends and family is a common way to spend one’s leisure hours, and shopping or simply
unwinding at home are also popular choices. Most people just make a mental note but you
might also save an event on Facebook or Instagram or message friends to make plans.
• Do young people in your country work longer hours now than in the past?
Not at all. Young people today believe they work longer hours, but compared to past
generations, their work is actually far less demanding. Factors like increased competition in
the job market and the desire to achieve career goals drive many to work longer or even take
on multiple jobs but that can’t compare to the grueling schedule of a farmer a hundred years
ago. The concept of work-life balance is now evolving and most people rightly prioritize their
free time.
• In what situations do people need to be alone?
That’s an interesting question. There are times when it’s essential to have some me-time. For
self-reflection, personal growth, or relaxation. Solitude becomes particularly important during

118
times of stress when individuals need a quiet space to cope with anxieties or make important
decisions. It's also crucial when one needs to concentrate on a specific task without any
external distractions. Moreover, alone time contributes significantly to maintaining mental
well-being and recharging after social interactions.
• Is it important to have a hobby?
Absolutely. Hobbies offer a valuable avenue for relaxation, encourage creativity, and provide
opportunities for one to learn any given skill. They have the potential to alleviate stress and
serve as a means of self-expression. Some hobbies facilitate connections with like-minded
individuals and bring a sense of accomplishment and fulfillment beyond the confines of work
or other responsibilities. It’s tough to get through the drudgery of the day without a hobby to
look forward to.
• Do you prefer going out or staying home?
I’d say it depends on my mood and the circumstances. Sometimes, I enjoy heading out at
night to socialize with friends, explore new places, or do sports. Other times, staying at home
is comforting and relaxing, reading, watching movies, dedicating time to my hobbies. Each
option has its unique pros and cons, and I make my choice based on what I feel like doing at
any given moment.
5. Describe an exciting activity that you experienced with someone else.
You should say:
• What the activity was
• Who you were with
• When and where it happened
And explain how you felt about it.
Answer:

One exhilarating activity that stands out in my memory is a snowboarding trip I embarked on
with my best friend, Mary, during a winter vacation a couple of years ago. It’s a sport that
I’ve always been eager to try out but never really had the chance here in Vietnam where
there’s hardly any snow to speak of. We chose to go snowboarding on the stunning slopes of
Hakuba Japan Ski Resort - a renowned ski resort in Hakuba Valley, Japan.

119
It was the peak of winter, with the snow-covered mountains creating a picturesque backdrop
for our trip. The crisp mountain air and the breathtaking scenery set the perfect stage for an
unforgettable day. As we strapped on our snowboards - or our feet rather - and prepared to
descend the slopes, a mix of excitement and nervousness surged through me. Mary and I, both
beginners at snowboarding, decided to take a lesson to grasp the basics. Our instructor guided
us through the fundamentals, teaching us how to balance, turn, and stop on the snow-covered
terrain.
Once we felt somewhat confident, we embarked on our first descent down the intermediate
slopes. The rush of wind against my face and the feeling of gliding down the mountain with
the snow crunching beneath my board was indescribable - well I guess I just describe it
actually. Our initial anxiety transformed into sheer joy and a sense of accomplishment as we
navigated the slopes together.
Sharing this adventure with Mary not only made it more enjoyable but also created lasting
memories. We laughed at our falls, cheered each other on, and celebrated our triumphs. The
adrenaline rush, combined with the breathtaking scenery and the camaraderie, made it an
unforgettable experience that left me with a profound sense of exhilaration and
accomplishment. It also ignited a shared passion for adventurous pursuits and now we’re
always on the lookout for a new skill to learn in an unfamiliar environment - we just have to
earn enough to afford these lavish trips!
Part 3:
• What activities do young people like to do in your country at the moment?
Well, all sorts of things, lemme think... Firstly, they’re really into social media - taking pics
of what they’re up to and sharing them on Instagram or Facebook and spending hours
scrolling through their feed and reels to see what others are doing. Additionally, young
individuals also like active pursuits like hiking or backpacking and exploring natural
landscapes and scenic surroundings. What’s more, creative endeavors such as art, music, and
filmmaking are common as ways to freely convey their thoughts, emotions and personal
perspectives.

120
 • Why do some young people like adventurous activities?
I’d say because of the thrill and excitement they provide. Adventures challenge them
physically and mentally. At the same time, they can get a sense of accomplishment from
conquering fears and pushing past personal boundaries. Adventurous activities also foster a
sense of camaraderie, as individuals often share these experiences with their friends and they
will probably end up being the memories in life that you cherish the most - certainly far more
than the time you spend alone on your phone or on Netflix late at night.
• What skills do people need to take part in adventurous activities?
In my opinion, engaging in adventurous activities requires a combination of skills to ensure
safe enjoyment and successful participation. Firstly, physical fitness is paramount. For
instance, rock climbing requires strength in your legs and arms to pull and hold your body
weight, as well as endurance to complete long routes or multi-pitch climbs, and flexibility to
perform reaches, twists, and stretches. Also, decision-making and problem-solving skills are
crucial because these pursuits often involve unpredictable and challenging situations that
require thinking on your feet and being adaptable, like if there are adverse weather conditions
or equipment malfunctions.
• Can you give some examples of adventurous or risky activities?
Beyond common adventurous activities like rock climbing and bungee jumping, there are tons
so I’m not sure I can list them all off. Motocross racing is an off-road motorcycle racing sport
where riders follow challenging tracks and have to jump and make tight turns. There’s also
an activity called shark cage diving I saw on YouTube where participants enter a submerged
cage to observe sharks up close. Honestly, this makes the hairs on the back of my neck stand
up - not for everyone I guess.
• How do exciting activities relieve stress?
Well, engaging in exciting activities has a stress-relieving effect mainly because of the
adrenaline rush during adventurous pursuits release endorphins - the body's natural mood
enhancers. This triggers a sense of euphoria and excitement, which diverts people from daily
worries and stressors. Moreover, the accomplishment of overcoming fears and pushing
beyond one’s personal limits fosters a positive mindset, reducing overall stress levels and
promoting mental well-being in the long term.

121
 • Who is responsible for ensuring people’s safety when taking part in adventurous
activities: governments or businesses?
I’d say the responsibility for ensuring the safety of individuals doing adventurous activities is
shared between governments and companies for sure. Governments play a crucial role in
setting regulations and standards to ensure that adventure tourism operators comply with
reasonable safety norms. Companies, on the other hand, bear the responsibility of
implementing these guidelines, providing thorough training, maintaining equipment, and
conducting regular safety checks. A collaborative effort between regulatory bodies and
adventure companies is essential to guarantee the well-being of participants.
6. Describe an activity you enjoyed doing when you were at primary school.
You should say:
• What the activity was
• How often you did the activity
• Who you did it with
And explain why it was your favourite activity.
Answer:

One of the most cherished activities I enjoyed during my primary school years was flying
kites with a group of neighbourhood kids - we formed a close-knit gang of enthusiastic kite
flyers. This fun pastime became a regular occurrence in the late afternoons, especially on
weekends, transforming the open field near our houses into a vibrant canvas filled with
colourful kites soaring against the backdrop of the azure sky.
The allure of flying kites lay not only in the sheer joy of watching our creations dance and
swirl high above but also in the camaraderie shared during these sessions. We spent hours
crafting our unique kites, experimenting with designs and colours, and turning simple sheets
of paper and bamboo into works of art that would eventually take flight. The act of flying
kites transcended mere pastime; it was a lesson in patience, teamwork, and creativity. It made
me the person I am today.
What made flying kites my favourite activity was the sheer innocence and simplicity. It served
as an escape from the structured routines of school, a time when laughter echoed through the

122
air, and friendships were strengthened. The thrill of watching our kites climb higher and
higher symbolized the boundless possibilities of childhood, where the sky was the limit.
Looking back, those afternoons flying kites are etched in my memory as a symbol of carefree
joy and the unbridled imagination that defined the best, simplest years of my primary school
experience.
Part 3:
• What activities do children often take part in in your country these days?
From what I’ve seen, in my country, children engage in a myriad of activities that blend
tradition and modernity. Outdoor games like flying kites and playing hide-and-seek remain
popular, especially in the countryside where children have less access to digital devices. But
children in recent times also engage in online gaming and wasting time online just like adults
and teenagers. This leaves parents with considerable challenges in reducing their children's
screen time.
• What are the differences between the activities that students participate in today
and in the past?
I think the activities students participate in today differ significantly from the past, primarily
due to technological advancements. For instance, in the past, students primarily relied on
traditional methods like textbooks, libraries, and face-to-face interactions for learning. But
now they engage in online research, collaborative projects using technology, and virtual
learning platforms. In addition, students today are more involved in movements that address
issues such as climate change and equality thanks to access to more worldly, global
perspectives. Both these changes are positive on the whole.
• What kinds of activities do parents in your country not allow their children to
participate in?
As far as I can tell, parents in my country are generally cautious about allowing their children
to engage in activities perceived as risky or age-inappropriate. Extreme sports or unsupervised
travel to unfamiliar places are often restricted since they think that such activities are all risk
and no reward - or little reward. Moreover, parents in Vietnam, like in many other Asian
countries, typically prohibit their children from engaging in certain activities that comprise

123
academic commitments. In our culture, education is seen as a guarantee of a better future and
is therefore prioritized to the detriment of other parts of life that can also be fulfilling.
• What activities do people do in their free time in your country?
What immediately jumps to mind for me is common activities like reading, watching movies,
and singing. But sports and fitness activities, such as jogging and yoga, are popular because
nowadays people prioritize maintaining their health over material possessions - that seems to
be the trend. Additionally, many very driven people allocate their leisure time to taking online
courses, attending workshops, and pursuing educational interests. This is more if you have an
eye on the future and are willing to sacrifice enjoying the present moment.
• What are the differences between the activities that students do at school and at
home?
Well, it’s obvious that the activities students engage in at school and at home serve distinct
purposes. At school, they engage in structured learning activities like listening to classroom
lectures, doing group projects, and working on group projects. Also, they have to complete
regular assessments, quizzes, tests, and summative examinations to track their academic
progress. Conversely, activities at home such as playing video games and watching TV help
students let off steam after a long day of being bored. On top of that, sharing meals together
offers a time for family members to come together, discuss their day, and enjoy each other's
company around the dining table - very different atmosphere from a school cafeteria where
meals are rushed and not the best quality.
7. Describe an outdoor activity you did in a new place recently.
You should say:
• What the activity was
• Who invited you to participate in it
• Whether you asked for help in the activity
And explain how the activity changed you.

124
Answer:
During my first trip to the capital of Vietnam - Hanoi - recently, I had a chance to ride a paddle
boat on West Lake. The idea to give it a shot came from my travel companions, a group of
friends with whom I was exploring Hanoi at same the time. As we strolled along the lakeside
promenade, we noticed a paddle boat rental service and were immediately drawn to the idea
of navigating the serene waters of West Lake. It was a unanimous decision, and we excitedly
embraced the chance to try something new.
Fortunately, paddle boating is a fairly straightforward activity, so I didn't need to ask for
assistance or guidance. The paddle boat rental included clear instructions on how to navigate
the vessel, making it easy even for those without prior experience - no steep learning curve
there. It was a self-guided experience, allowing us the freedom to explore the lake at our own
pace.
The notable change we got from the activity occurred when we ventured toward the center of
West Lake. Surrounded by traditional Vietnamese architecture and the picturesque cityscape,
the atmosphere shifted from a casual paddle to an awe-inspiring journey through the heart of
Hanoi. This change in perspective, from the bustling city streets to the peaceful expanse of
the lake, provided a refreshing and unexpected contrast. A lasting one since I know now I can
head over any time to a nearby lake.
This activity not only offered a fresh perspective on Hanoi but also allowed for a serene escape
from the urban heat and pollution. This outstanding experience, coupled with the picturesque
surroundings, makes it a cherished memory of my time in Vietnam.
Part 3:
• What outdoor activities do people in your country usually do?
The first one has to be either riding bikes or taking walks in local parks. These are simple,
light forms of exercise and don't cost a fortune. On top of that, people also love exploring the
vibrant street food markets in Vietnam and trying local dishes like pho or banh mi. Some even
make videos reviewing foods in an effort to become influencers, especially with the rise of
social media platforms. People can even earn money from this activity if they put in enough
time.

125
 • Are people who like dangerous activities more likely to be successful in life?
It’s hard to say exactly because success in life is complex and depends on various factors -
many of which are outside of your control. Without a doubt, such activities can build
resilience, problem-solving skills, and a willingness to take on risks. Entrepreneurs, for
example, often need to venture into the unknown and take calculated risks to achieve success.
I think it is less that these activities train a person to be successful and more that a person who
is into taking risks is more likely to be successful in other areas of life. Even when it comes
to creativity - which is itself a form of risk-taking.
• Should young people try as many new activities as possible?
Certainly, when possible. Encouraging young people to explore a variety of activities is
beneficial for their holistic development. New experiences enhance adaptability, foster a
diverse skill set, and help in discovering individual interests and passions. However, balance
is crucial, as quality matters over quantity. Young individuals should make informed choices
that align with their aspirations and proclivities in life to ensure well-rounded personal
growth.
• Why do some people like doing extreme sports?
As I see it, individuals drawn to extreme sports are often seeking an adrenaline rush and a
heightened sense of daring. Engaging in activities like skydiving, rock climbing, or base
jumping provides a unique thrill that transcends ordinary humdrum daily life. Beyond that,
it's a way to conquer fears and push past personal limits. I mean people can step out of their
comfort zone. The risks and challenges associated with extreme sports also contribute to a
strong sense of self-empowerment and a break from the routine.
• Do you think that outdoor activities are more beneficial than indoor activities?
Well, both outdoor and indoor activities have their own benefits but generally I agree with
that statement. Outdoor activities promote physical health and foster holistic well-being since
they often involve physical movement. More than that, being in nature is a connection to the
environment, which is essential for stress reduction and improved mood. On the other hand,
indoor activities provide opportunities for intellectual stimulation, focused work, and creative
pursuits without interference from factors like weather or time. Indoor facilities such as gyms

126
and sports complexes provide access to specialized equipment and controlled environments
for specific activities. But overall still way better to be outdoors.

127
TOPIC 5:
PLACE

128
1. Describe a beautiful city that you have visited.
You should say:
• Where you went to and whom you went with
• What it was like
• What activities you did there
And how you felt about this city.
Answer:

Today I want to tell you about one of my fav places, which is Nha Trang, a coastal city in
Vietnam. I’d been eyeing this trip for quite a long time and last summer when I got some time
off and finished my deadlines up, I packed my bags and embarked on the journey with a group
of close friends.

Nha Trang is located in the heart of Khanh Hoa Province, and it is also the political, economic,
cultural, technological and tourist center of the region. With its long sandy beaches, crystal
clear waters, and stunning bays, Nha Trang has been listed as one of the most beautiful
beaches in the world by National Geographic and honored as one of the most attractive
destinations in Asia. The city is full of things to check out beyond the beaches too.

During the trip, I had the chance to enjoy fresh seafood at reasonable prices at some famous
eateries in town. The menus were quite diverse with different kinds of shrimp, crabs, and fish.
Also, I visited some tourist spots - Po Nagar Cham Towers was one - to admire ancient
architecture and sculpture. Vinpearl amusement park on Hon Tre Island was on my bucket
list too. We went on the slides, roller coasters, and even a pirate ship. Last but not least,
traveling from Nha Trang coastal city to the south we entered Ninh Thuan province to take in
breathtaking Vinh Hy Bay. Vinh Hy Bay is a charming and peaceful bay ensconced by both
mountains and blue skies. Being a bit under-the-radar, the bay is pristine and mesmerizing.

Visiting Nha Trang was a once-in-a-lifetime experience. If I have the chance, I'll definitely
go back - so maybe not once-in-a-lifetime actually…

129
Part 3:
• What are some differences between living in the city and living in the
countryside?
One stark difference is that buildings in the city are usually taller than those in rural areas.
This is to accommodate more offices and apartments in a single building and make better use
of the space. Another major difference is that buildings in cities have flashier exteriors than
those in the countryside. The exteriors of urban buildings are usually decorated with glass or
marble whereas those in rural buildings are decorated with brick and plaster. The look in the
countryside is usually better though since you get that classic, rustic feel.
• Do you like historical cities?
Yeah, absolutely! Historical cities have this unique charm that I’ve always been drawn to.
There’s just something cool about walking through streets that have witnessed centuries of
history, exploring ancient architecture, and feeling the echoes of the past. It's like stepping
into a living storybook. A modern city can never compare to that.
• Do you think old buildings should be taken down to make way for modern
buildings?
Well… It depends on the type of building. In areas with dilapidated structures, like in so-
called slums with half-broken, damaged, and unsalvageable buildings, replacement might be
necessary for the sake of safety and urban development. However, when we’re talking about
historic monuments such as museums, cathedrals, or government buildings, the approach
shifts. Preserving and renovating these structures becomes crucial as they carry immense
cultural and heritage value for a city - they’re irreplaceable.
• If cities keep getting bigger and bigger, what problems might this lead to?
One problem I foresee would be rising poverty rates. As cities grow and become
overpopulated, it becomes harder and harder for local governments to provide essential
services such as education and healthcare to everyone in the city. Thus, some residents will
inevitably not have access to those services and their quality of life will suffer both in the
short and long term. Another problem would be rising levels of uncollected rubbish, trash and
litter strewn about on the streets. More people living in cities means more trash will be thrown

130
away. Over time, you might not notice it but it definitely has repercussions for public health
as a whole.
• A lot of people are moving from the countryside to cities nowadays. Do you think
this trend will reverse itself in the future?
I think it might actually because residents may want to get away from the pace of life in cities.
An urban lifestyle is notorious for how breathless it all is - people are constantly rushing to
and from one place to another without time to chill out and smell the flowers. Some people
can’t stand that kind of rushing around so they want to slow things down and the countryside
offers the kind of slower pace they appreciate. So it wouldn’t surprise me if in the future more
people decide to move to the countryside. Cities are getting gross and overcrowded.
2. Describe a perfect /dream house you saw (an ideal house/apartment where you want
to live).
You should say:
• When and where you saw it
• What it looked like
• What special feature it had
And explain why you liked it.
Answer:

I bumped into a house a week ago while I was taking a walk around my local area. The house
caught my attention because of the modern design - a glass façade, three balconies, four floors
and an ornate wooden front gate. It was located right on the main street in my hometown
where all the shops and offices are. The location is convenient - whoever lives there can easily
go shopping and commute to work. I figure it must be some rich person who owns the place
since the design and majesty of the house really stands out on a really modest residential
street.

Like I said before, the house has a glass façade so that plenty of natural light can pour in and
that must cut down on the electricity bill - crucial I’m sure given the cost of the house. It also
has three balconies with one on each floor minus the ground floor, and many trees and plants
outside including a herb garden and flower beds. The inhabitants can sit outside, enjoying the

131
fresh air and immersing themselves in the natural world with a cup of coffee - that’s how I’d
use it at least. In contrast to the house itself, the front gate is entirely made of wood, which
sort of juxtaposes the traditional and the modern in a really nice way.

I love the house because it's an interesting mix of both conventional and cutting-edge
architectural stylings, and it also has some nifty features like the glass façade so that the
people living there don’t have to rely on artificial lights - you don’t want to feel like you're
living in an office. Perhaps if it ever goes up for sale and I have enough money, I’ll try to put
in a bid. Wishful thinking, I know.
Part 3:
• What is the difference between apartments and houses?
The most obvious difference would have to be in their layouts. In a house, there are multiple
floors - bedrooms, offices, living rooms and kitchens. An apartment however, is typically
only a single floor - sometimes with a mezzanine - in a building so all of the rooms that I’ve
mentioned before are on that floor. Therefore, it is easier to go from room to room since
there’re no stairs in an apartment. In terms of which is better, it all boils down to personal
preference.
• Do young people in your country like to live with their parents or by themselves?
It depends on each person honestly. Some prefer to live by themselves because they like to
live independently and be free to do things on their own without anyone else dictating to them.
what time they have to be home, what to wear, when to eat, etc. Others prefer to live with
their parents because they can’t afford to live on their own and they want greater financial
security. Also, these people may depend on their parents in terms of daily life - the cooking
and cleaning and so on.
• What difficulties do people have in living in the city?
I’d say one big difficulty that really stands out is the high levels of pollution. Since private
transportation releases greenhouse gases and people litter all the time, urban residents may
find it hard to tolerate living in such a heavily polluted environment. Another difficulty would
be the traffic. Like I said before, most people prefer to use their own transportation and with

132
a high population density, traffic jams are likely to occur frequently in the city during rush
hour.
• What do people in Vietnam prefer to live in, in an apartment or in a house?
Again, I think it boils down to what you’re into. Some like to live in apartments because
they’re compact and everything is easily accessible. You can clean up easily and walk from
room to room without tiring yourself out on the stairs. Also, there’s usually a nice view that
comes with an apartment so there’s that. Others like to live in houses because they want more
space to live in and a more unique layout. Also, living in a house comes with a status upgrade
as it is a symbol of success - or at least of inherited success.
• Why do some people move to cities from the countryside to live?
I think it’s because they want to get away from the pace of life living in a city. An urban
lifestyle is notorious for how breathless it all is - people are constantly rushing to and from
one place to another without time to chill out and smell the flowers. Some people can’t stand
that kind of rushing around so they want to slow things down and the countryside offers the
kind of slower pace they appreciate. Thus, it wouldn’t surprise me if in the future more people
decide to move to the countryside. Cities are getting gross and overcrowded.
• What are the problems with crowded cities?
One problem would be rising poverty rates. As cities are growing and becoming
overpopulated, it becomes harder and harder for local governments to provide essential
services such as education and healthcare to everyone in the city. Thus, some people will
inevitably not have access to those services and their quality of life will suffer. Another
problem would be the rising levels of uncollected rubbish, trash strewn about on the streets.
More people living in cities means more trash will be thrown away. Over time, you might not
notice it but it definitely has repercussions for public health as a whole.
3. Describe a park or a garden in your city.
You should say:
• Where it is
• How often you go there
• What people do in this place
And explain why you like to visit it.

133
Answer:

In Hanoi, there’s a cool park called Centre Park that I hit up quite often. It's become my go-
to spot when I need a breather from the daily grind or if I’m in a contemplative mood.

I visit Centre Park at least once a week, typically on weekends. It's conveniently located in
the heart of the city, right between the crowded streets of the Old Quarter and Hoan Kiem
Lake. Most days, it only takes about 15 minutes to walk there from my place. I usually go to
the park with some close friends or my family, but sometimes I go there alone if no one is up
to hang out that day or I’m not feeling it.

Centre Park is often regarded as a picturesque oasis in the heart of Hanoi for locals and tourists
alike. It’s got a lot of green spaces, walking paths, benches and playgrounds. People head
there for group picnics, casual jogs, or simply to part themselves on the benches, watching
people pass by. On weekends, the park is often packed with families getting in some quality
family time together. I find it refreshing to see children playing on the playground. There’re
also big lakes with paddle boats and even a pagoda where one can seek spiritual tranquility
amidst the urban chaos. The vibes there are super chill and calming, making it the perfect
place to recharge and escape all the city noise which is just a few streets away.

I love visiting Central Park for many reasons. As I just said, it provides a literal breath of fresh
air and a chance to reconnect with nature to some degree without leaving the city. It's a place
where I can unwind, meditate, or simply enjoy a leisurely stroll. A place to get your head right
after a long day.
Part 3:
• Do young people like to go to parks?
I think it all boils down to personal preference, but sure I guess so. Since parks provide a
range of activities and facilities, they’re attractive to many young people, especially those
who love sports. You can go to play soccer, frisbee, basketball, or go jogging, or running.
Moreover, parks are good for social gatherings -meeting up with friends, having picnics,
playing games, or simply hanging out. For example, on weekends, you are likely to see large
groups of university students taking part in team-building activities. However, there are those
who may not be interested in parks if they’re too busy or anti-social.

134
 • What do old people like to do in parks?
Many senior citizens spend lots of time in parks just to enjoy being outdoors and to get in
some fresh air and exercise. Parks can also be social places where they can interact with others
in order to maintain their mental and emotional well-being. Additionally, old people are
drawn to parks for the benches, walking paths, and gardens. They can laze around on benches
or under trees, reading books and enjoying peaceful vibes even in a densely populated urban
area.
• What benefits can parks bring to a city?
In my opinion, parks offer opportunities for people to embrace a more active lifestyle by
walking, jogging, cycling, and playing various sports. Engaging in such outdoor activities
helps urban dwellers combat sedentary habits, promoting their physical fitness and overall
health. Furthermore, a communal space like a park can help bring all members of the
community together to build up a better sense of unity and decrease feelings of isolation. As
for the environment, parks act as the figurative lungs of the city. They contribute to better air
quality as trees and vegetation in parks can help reduce carbon dioxide. These green areas
also create habitats for various plants, insects and other small creatures, therefore encouraging
biodiversity in city centres.
• What are the benefits of going to the park for young people and old people?
Parks are beneficial to the well being of both young and old people in general and there aren’t
huge differences for each demographic. Parks provide a space for all of them to get out and
be active, encouraging healthier pastimes for people from all walks of life. In addition, while
younger people can participate in social activities such as picnics, team sports, and team
building, seniors citizens can enjoy the peaceful surroundings and just chill out in a slightly
less active way.
• Should people help maintain public parks and gardens?
Absolutely yes. Like I said before, parks are so crucial to the health of a city that people
should contribute to their maintenance and upkeep. For example, individuals can help out by
picking up trash and disposing of it properly in designated bins. Also, they can participate in
volunteer programs and plant trees and flowers, teach classes and get involved in educational

135
campaigns. governments can add an extra layer of support by funding programs for
individuals and in this way we can all work in tandem to maintain outdoor spaces.
4. Describe an open-air or street market which you enjoy visiting.
You should say:
• Where the market is
• What the market sells
• How big the market is
And explain why you enjoy visiting this market.
Answer:

Well, a few months ago, I visited an open-air market with my friends. This market is popular
among locals and tourists alike and I really enjoyed popping over there for the millionth time.
Hanoi night market is located in the heart of the Old Quarter - along Hang Dao and its
surrounding streets. The market typically takes place on Friday, Saturday, and Sunday
evenings, starting around 7 or 8 and lasting until late at night - until curfew I suppose.

In the market, just about every product you can imagine is for sale, ranging from household
items, clothing, and jewelry, to handicrafts and souvenirs. Everything is a bit cheaper than
you’d find them in the mall so it’s good for people on a budget or students who are just
scraping by. On top of that, the market is most famous for the food on offer there. There are
tons of little stalls offering regional Vietnamese dishes such as banh mi, pho, fresh spring
rolls, and various grilled skewers. You can eat your fill and then some.

The market is actually pretty massive, stretching for about 3 kilometers in total - I heard that
once. It can get quite crowded, especially during the peak evening hours when locals and
tourists both gather to explore it. I remember the first time I went, I was kinda overwhelmed
by the whole scene. I found myself bumping into a lot of strangers.

But now I love strolling through the crowd to take in the lively atmosphere. It’s a unique
sensory adventure. Here, you can see, hear, and taste the essence of the city come alive as day
turns into night.

136
Part 3:
• What are some of the advantages of shopping at markets compared to shopping
malls?
Well, the biggest benefit of shopping at markets is that many markets allow for haggling over
prices and better bargains. If you’re good at negotiation, you can save lots of money. Also,
markets offer fresher produce including meat, vegetables, fish and fruits that have come
directly from produced by local farms. Not to mention, shopping at markets can be a relaxing
and healing experience. As many markets are held outdoors, shoppers, especially those who
spend most of their time indoors, can enjoy the fresh air and a more open and relaxed
atmosphere compared to enclosed and stuffy malls.
• Do you think markets are more suitable places for selling certain types of things?
Which ones? Why do you think this is?
Yes, for sure. Like for example, have you ever seen chicken and other livestock sold in a
fancy mall, probably not, right? This is because there are hygienic standards at supermarkets.
And plants are another good example. Markets are ideal because they need fresh air and
natural light to thrive, whereas malls can't offer that kind of nurturing environment.
• How do open-air markets reflect the cultural identity and heritage of a region?
They showcase all the elements of local life - real day-to-day life. For instance, these markets
often sell traditional crafts, local foods, and other products unique to the region. Markets are
also places where people from different backgrounds come together. There, you’ll hear the
local language spoken and witness a sense of community that mirrors the cultural values and
social norms of the region. That’s the idea at least - in practice, it’s hard to say exactly how
that works out. In Vietnam, I think that definitely holds true.
• Why do tourists often enjoy visiting local markets during their travels?
I think it all boils down to the fact that local markets are like living museums showcasing a
region’s vibrant cultural identity - when they are good at least. From traditional crafts and
textiles, to pottery and jewelry, visitors can immerse themselves in the local community.
You’ll hear the local language being used, see unique architecture and be able to enjoy
authentic cuisine. Moreover, markets are free and a great place to interact with the locals.

137
Many merchants warmly welcome curious tourists who show an interest in how they make
their livelihoods. In a nutshell, local markets are one of the best ways to explore a new place.
• Do you think that any recent changes in the way people live have affected general
shopping trends? Why is this?
Without a doubt. Modern lifestyles have had a profound impact on our shopping habits in
general. With the development of e-commerce, it’s more convenient than ever for people to
shop from the comfort of their home. Coupled with busy schedules, many people prefer
ordering everything from food and clothes to digital equipment and household items on
various platforms. Also, advertisements are ubiquitous now and encourage people to buy
more, even things they don’t really need.
5. Describe a place in your country that you are interested in.
You should say:
• Where it is
• How you know it
• What it is famous for
And explain why you think it is interesting.
Answer:

The place that immediately comes to my mind is Ha Giang, a province located in the
northernmost region of my country. In recent years, Ha Giang's remote and unspoiled nature
has gained immense popularity among globetrotters, adventurers and nature lovers alike.
Foreigners but locals too. I’m always coming across breathtaking pictures and videos posted
by friends and influencers on social media of their trips to Ha Giang. A lot of the images are
burned in my mind at this point.

The province is renowned for its stunning natural landscapes. Steep mountain passes, deep
valleys, winding roads and foggy villages all around. Every year, around October and
November, the Ha Giang Mountains are in full bloom. The valleys are carpeted by endless
fields of yellow cabbage, peach blossoms and violet buckwheat flowers. It’s mesmerizing and
most people in Vietnam consider it to be our finest example of raw natural beauty. However,
what appeals to me the most is the pristine terraced rice fields that seem to stretch endlessly

138
into the horizon. In spring, the terraces are filled with water, creating a mirror-like effect that
reflects the sky and surroundings and is made for taking panoramic pictures.

Moreover, this remote corner of the country is home to numerous ethnic minority groups. The
Hmong, Tay, Dao, and many others have their own distinct traditions, languages, and
customs. They coexist harmoniously, contributing to the vibrant mosaic of cultures that is
often overlooked in Vietnam. Ha Giang's cultural diversity is on full display with colorful
traditional costumes, vibrant local markets, traditional festivals and various rituals. Living in
such remote areas, the locals are known for their resilience, hard work, and character. But
they’re also very friendly and hospitable. While visiting, we can interact with local
communities by sharing meals with local families, listening to their stories that have been
handed down for generations, and participating in age-old ceremonies. Oh, I forgot to mention
one of the most appealing specialties on offer there - the different kinds of rice and corn and
fruity wines they distill themselves!
Part 3:
• How can people access travel information?
Nowadays, people can access travel information through many different channels. One of the
bigger ones is social media. Travel agencies often share quick travel tips on Tiktok, post
virtual tours on YouTube, and present aesthetically pleasing snapshots of travel destinations
on Instagram. In the comments sections, people often share their advice, opinions, and
personal experiences, which then serve as information for others. Travelers can also use travel
websites, forums, and mobile applications. These resources help them plan their trips better,
from booking flights and accommodations to exploring local cuisine options and activities.
• What causes the differences between different regions of your country?
Well, it’s hard to provide a comprehensive answer to this question since there are numerous
factors. I’m no expert, but I can certainly highlight some key elements. First, geography and
climate have an immense impact on lifestyle and culture. For example, coastal areas often
have distinct seafood-based cuisines, while inland regions have different agricultural
practices. But, it's not just geography and weather; it's also history, economics, and the people

139
there - the ethnic groups too. All these factors mix together and create diversity in a way that
I’m underqualified to educate you about.
• Do younger people like to try new things more than older people?
I’d say young people are generally much more inclined to take risks and try new things, for
obvious reasons. At a young age, we’re more curious about life and always want to explore
things around us. For example, trying exotic foods, traveling to off-the-beaten-path
destinations, learning a new language and skills, the list goes on… It's an essential part of
learning and maturing, I guess. However, contrary to general belief, people of my parents' age
are also open to trying new things, especially when they want to improve themselves and keep
up with a changing society that they fear may be leaving them behind. For example, my dad,
a farmer, signed up for a course about computers and technology while my mom took up a
new hobby recently: contemporary dance.
• Is a great tourist destination also a good place to live?
Not really. I mean, living in a popular tourist destination sounds appealing on the outside but
it also can be extremely annoying. First, the cost of living is generally higher there. Some
people might find it hard to keep up with pricing practices that cater to tourists. On top of
that, touristy places often come with annoyances, such as a constant stream of vendors, tour
guides, scammers, and beggars. There may also be issues with the crowds themselves,
including noise, traffic, and pollution, and that’s definitely not an ideal place to call home.
• Why do some people go to live in small towns?
There are many reasons for people to settle down in small towns. If you’re looking for peace
and quite naturally that’s a good reason. In fact, living in cities may be extremely stressful
due to traffic, air pollution and crowded streets, I mean, you name it. Another reason could
be that the cost of living is generally much lower in small towns. Real estate prices, rent,
groceries and consumer goods and services are a fraction of the cost of what they would be
in major metropolitan areas. Finally, I think some people, especially the elderly, are moving
to smaller towns these days because they want a more close-knit community. People there
normally know their neighbors and recognize each other on the street. They have stronger
social bonds, I’d say.

140
6. Describe a place (not your home) you spent time relaxing.
You should say:
• Where the place is
• What the place looks like
• How you spend your time in this place
And explain why this place helps you to relax.
Answer:

The quiet place I often retreat to relax is a local cafe in the center of town called Morning
Brew. I head over there at least twice a week but once in a while I may make it out there
around four times if I’m feeling blue and drained from my work and study. I first came across
it when I was riding my bike around the city and I just happened to pass by - I stopped for a
traffic light and it caught my attention.

The coffee shop has a modern look outside, with clean lines and a sleek design. Inside, it feels
welcoming, thanks to the warm oak floors and calming neutral colors on the walls and
furniture. The mix of modern and rustic elements creates a nice and comfortable space,
making it perfect for people to relax and get away from work, study, family…

When I’m there, I usually order a cold lemon tea and a snack - some cranberry cookies or a
chocolate muffin - and settle in for a while. It's one of my favorite spots to read books, paint
pictures, journal, or just listen to some good music while the ice in my drink melts. Sometimes
I’ll invite a friend over so we can catch up though I know I’ll never get any work done at
those times.

As for how I feel about the place, I quite like it in general because the interior is clean and
comfortable. The drinks and snacks aren’t out of this world or anything but they’re decent
enough and cheap, and the atmosphere is really chilled out too - feels more like a library that
serves coffee than a cafe. An ideal retreat to unwind and recharge.

141
Part 3:
• Do people have enough places to relax in your country?
It really depends on the region. In cities, we usually have lots of options - parks, cafes,
recreational spots galore. Rural areas might not have as many designated places, but they
often offer natural settings for relaxation like forests, lakes and fields - no one needs to rope
them off and call them parks. It all comes down to what people prefer and what's available in
their specific area!
• What do people do when relaxing?
There are so many ways for people to unwind. Watching TV or movies, hanging out with
friends, and listening to music are popular choices. Some prefer phones or computer games,
while others find peace in activities like yoga or hitting the gym for some exercise. It's all
about finding what works best for you and not being pressured by others into feeling guilty
about your preferences in life!
• Is physical activity good for relaxing?
Without a doubt! Exercise is a killer way to rest and recharge. It's not just about staying fit;
exercise helps reduce stress effectively, distracts you from negative thoughts, opens the door
to new experiences, and provides a chance to socialize and get support from others. It boosts
energy levels and reduces skeletal muscle tension, leaving you feeling relaxed. So, whether
it's a jog, a workout at the gym, or a team sport, getting active is a great way to unwind! The
best, in my opinion!
• Do you think that spending too much time in front of a screen is good for relaxing?
While screen times may offer temporary relaxation and instant gratification, prolonged use
poses legitimate risks. Specifically, excessive screen time can cause insomnia due to disrupted
sleep patterns and eye strain. It also contributes to addictive behaviors, impacting mental
health, and may lead to neck, shoulder, and back pain. Moreover, prolonged screen exposure
affects cognition and reduces physical activity, raising the risk of obesity. It’s a wonder we
spend so much time on screens given those drawbacks…
• Do people have to spend a lot of money on relaxing in your country?
Absolutely not! Relaxation doesn't have to come with a hefty price tag, not really. While some
activities may cost money, there are plenty of accessible options for all budgets. For example,

142
parks, public spaces, and simple leisure activities can be enjoyed without significant expense.
It's more about finding what you’re into, and there are many little things you can do
throughout the day to relax without reaching into your pocket. I practice doing Yoga for at
least 10 minutes a day along with a YouTube video and that costs me nothing.
7. Describe a new store/shop that just opened in your area.
You should say:
• What shop it is
• What it sells
• How you came to know about this shop
And explain why you like to go to this shop.
Answer:
I’m gonna talk about a new shop which has been recently opened in Aeon Mall Ha Dong
named "Tech Haven". Since its opening, the store has quickly become a hotspot for tech
enthusiasts, offerring an extensive array of the latest gadgets and electronics, making it a true
paradise for those who crave cutting-edge technology.
I’ve known about this shop when I came across its advertisement about its grand opening on
Facebook, so I decided to visit it the day after. Once time I stepped into Tech Haven, I was
impressed by a sleek, modern, and meticulously designed interior. The store exudes a
futuristic vibe that perfectly complements the innovative products it showcases.
I love this store because of its commitment to providing an interactive and immersive
shopping experience. Rather than simply observing from afar, customers are encouraged to
engage with the products firsthand. This hands-on approach empowers customers to make
informed decisions and ensures they leave the store with complete satisfaction. I also admire
its knowledgeable and friendly staff members who were passionate about technology and are
always ready to assist customers. They can provide personalized recommendations and expert
advice tailored to each customer's unique needs and preferences.
In conclusion, Tech Haven at Aeon Mall Ha Dong is more than just a store—it's an immersive
tech destination that combines sleek aesthetics, a diverse range of products, interactive
experiences, knowledgeable staff, and a top-notch customer service. Thus, I will definitely
come back to this store in the near future.

143
Part 3:
• What types of shops would you recommend a visit to your country to go to?
(Why?)
I’d recommend people visit the large open-air markets that are present in just about every
town and village in Vietnam. Every day, various merchants and farmers and artisans from all
over town come to sell their goods at these markets, whether it be food, clothing, jewellery or
household appliances. They’re worth checking out at least once because they’re the lifeblood
of most towns and a visitor can witness how the local people conduct business transactions in
an everyday setting.
• Do you ever buy anything on the internet?
Sometimes. I mostly buy hardware for my computer - hard drives and portable mics online
since there’s a store on the Internet called ComputerWares.com that I like because they’ve
got good deals all the time. Other than that, I buy most of my things from physical stores since
I’m not really in the habit of ordering online that often. At physical stores, quality control has
been performed by both the manufacturer and the store so I’m guaranteed to get something
of good quality and I can test it myself before making up my mind.
• What do you think are the advantages of buying things on the internet?
The biggest advantage would be that it eliminates the need to travel to physical stores - all the
time spent traveling and the hassle of it all. They can open up an online store, find the things
they need, make an order and pay for it, all within the span of a few minutes in the comfort
of their own home. All people need to do afterwards is to wait for their ordered items to arrive
at their doorstep and then it’s done. At most apartment buildings, the shippers can just leave
the goods with security in the lobby. Ultimately, it’s a more convenient way to shop if you’re
busy.
• In your country, how has shopping changed in the past few decades?
Over the past few decades, there has been a growing shift towards online shopping. E-
commerce platforms such as Shopee, Lazada and Tiki have grown in popularity as people in
Vietnam have begun to recognize the benefits of shopping online, especially post-Covid. The
growth in online shopping has been so rapid that these e-commerce companies are becoming

144
bolder in their marketing efforts, better-produced commercials and bigger celebrity
endorsements - they’re driving brick and mortar locations out of business.
• Do you think online stores will replace traditional stores?
I think so because online shopping is generally more convenient than in-store shopping and
it’s already a process well underway. Anyone can easily search for what they want to buy
online and get it shipped within a few days or a couple weeks max. Some shops might be able
to survive this disruption - like clothing stores where people will still want to feel the texture
of the clothing and try items on or supermarkets where you also need to handle the produce
before making up your mind. But for the most part, brick and mortar stores are fast becoming
a thing of the past.
8. Describe a newly built public facility that influences your city.
You should say:
• Where the facility is
• When it was built
• What people can do there
And what influence the facility has on your city.
Answer:

A newly built public facility shaping my city today is the Hanoi Metro, the first urban rail
transit line in Vietnam and hands-down the biggest change in recent years. Situated in the
heart of the city, it has significantly transformed the urban landscape and made life more
convenient.

If I’m not mistaken, the construction of the Metro railway network in Hanoi began in 2008.
The construction was delayed continually and people were speculating about when it would
actually be done for a while. Finally, the first line - Cat Linh Line - opened for service in
November 2021 and it has been a big success as far as I can tell.

People can use the Metro to conveniently traverse the city. It provides a faster and more
efficient means of transportation compared to driving a car for example. Commuters can now
avoid the challenges of traffic congestion and reduce their travel times to and from work or

145
school. The tickets are affordable too and can be easily purchased at the stations or through
online payment methods.

The influence of the Metro railway network on Hanoi is profound. It not only addresses the
growing demand for efficient public transportation but also reduces traffic congestion and
environmental pollution. The modern and well-planned stations have become pivotal
landmarks in the city's architecture, enhancing its overall urban aesthetic. Moreover,
improved accessibility is boosting economic activity, making various parts of the city more
accessible for both residents and visitors alike. In a nutshell, the Metro represents a significant
step towards a more sustainable and connected future for Hanoi.
Part 3:
• What are the benefits of public facilities?
Public facilities offer a range of benefits that significantly contribute to societal well-being.
Firstly, they play a crucial role in promoting community engagement and social interactions.
I’m talking here about spaces like parks, community centers, and libraries that provide
citizens with common areas to gather, fostering a sense of belonging and connection. Also,
public facilities contribute to physical and mental health. Parks and recreational areas offer
spaces for exercise and relaxation, promoting the kind of healthier lifestyle options that we
need more than ever today.
• What measures should be taken to deal with damage to public facilities?
Dealing with damage to public facilities should involve a combination of community
awareness and practical, punitive measures. Firstly, public awareness campaigns should be
initiated to educate the local community about the importance of preserving public
infrastructure. Additionally, introducing a small fee for the use of these facilities can generate
funds for their upkeep. This fund will help cover maintenance costs and encourage residents
to value and respect the public spaces they enjoy. By combining community awareness with
financial support, we can contribute to the sustainability of public facilities for everyone's
benefit in the long term without stressing the budgets of local authorities.

146
 • What facilities do young people and old people like in your country?
Personal preferences may vary, however, in general I guess young individuals often enjoy
more dynamic and interactive spaces such as movie theaters, sports fields, and arcades. They
also love internet cafes and malls. Meanwhile, older people are more likely to head over to a
quiet park or health centre or even a library if there’s still one operating near them.
• What’s the difference between facilities in the countryside and in the city?
Urban areas typically boast a wide array of more modern facilities, including hospitals,
educational institutions, entertainment venues, shopping malls, and various recreational
options. This diversity is a result of the higher population density and the need to cater to a
large and varied community. Meanwhile, rural areas may prioritize the upkeep of a more
limited range of facilities, focusing primarily on essential services, such as schools, medical
clinics, and local markets.
• What kinds of public facilities in your hometown do you like to visit?
As a swimming enthusiast, the recently opened saltwater swimming center near my home has
become my go-to spot after a long day and on most weekends. The center offers modern
amenities and well-maintained pools. However, it's not just about swimming; the center is a
hub for events like swimming competitions and pool parties, creating a lively community
atmosphere. I find it convenient and enjoyable, and I hope to see more public facilities like
this in the future, adding to the city's recreational options and encouraging urban residents to
be more active and social.

147
TOPIC 6:
OTHERS

148
1. Describe a difficult task that you completed at work/study that you felt proud of.
You should say:
• What the task was
• How you completed it
• Why the task was difficult
And explain why you were proud at the completion of the task.
Answer:

A significant accomplishment that I'm particularly proud of is building a website from scratch.
It was a project I undertook during my final year of university, and it turned out to be a
valuable learning experience.

The project involved creating an online testing system wherein teachers can upload exams,
homework, lectures, etc. so that students can check in with the website to complete exercises,
revise lessons and even take tests. I chose this project because I wanted to foster improved
online learning since students often fall behind in lecture halls and need some individual
learning time. Also, I hoped to improve my own web development skills through a practical
project to stand out and be a more attractive candidate for later job applications.

To complete the task, I began by conducting research with my teachers to understand the
specific requirements for this sort of website. I also collected content, including text, images,
and videos, that would be featured on the site. Next, I got really into web development and
started building the website's structure and design from a user experience perspective. I also
used a database management system to store sensitive information like test results and teacher
and student IDs.

One of the main reasons why building this website was challenging was that I had to do it all
by myself since my 2 other team members had already dropped out of the project by the time
we were due to start. Also, I faced time constraints as I was already juggling my regular
coursework with my part-time job. So, I had to burn the midnight oil almost every day to meet
the deadline.

149
Eventually, I was able to complete the website and I was immensely proud of this
achievement. I acquired new skills in web development and content management. Also, the
project allowed me to improve my time management and problem-solving skills. It was
incredibly rewarding to see the website go live and receive positive feedback from my
teachers. I think this experience has given me the confidence to take on more challenging
projects in the future.
Part 3:
• What are the things that make people feel proud?
People often feel proud when they achieve personal goals or milestones. For example, when
it comes to study, students might gain a sense of accomplishment when they obtain a degree
from an online course or pass an exam with flying colors. Those who are working can also
get this same feeling when they complete a challenging project or land a well-paid job. As
you get older, it may be harder to come by as you realize your place within the universe.
• Do people often feel proud of themselves when they complete a difficult task?
Yeah, definitely, completing a difficult task is a common source of pride for the vast majority
of healthy individuals. To overcome tough challenges, they have to put in a huge amount of
time, energy, and effort. This can be both frustrating and exhausting. So, when people
overcome these difficulties and step outside of their comfort zones, they grow and develop
self-confidence, which can lead to feelings of pride and build on itself. There’s nothing better
than the feeling of being on the right track in life.
• What challenges do young people face today?
Well, younger generations today are facing a variety of difficulties. One of the most common
ones is academic pressure. Many young people nowadays are under pressure to perform well
at school as many parents now invest a lot of money and energy into living vicariously through
their kids. So, students need to study harder than in the past just to live up to the expectations
of their parents and society. And this leads to another common challenge: career uncertainty.
Most teenagers today have to study long hours to please their parents, causing them to not
have enough time for their personal interests and so they can’t figure out what they really
want to do in the future. This can even lead to serious mental health issues.

150
 • How can young people handle difficult or challenging tasks?
Young people can handle tough tasks in different ways. Some can seek out guidance and
support from their mentors or peers, while others might opt to rely on their own problem-
solving skills and determination. But I think the most common way that many young people
solve their problems is by taking advantage of technology and online resources to access
information and potential solutions. Reddit is a great resource and should be everyone’s
starting point.
• What kinds of rewards do people receive from work?
I think workers receive various kinds of rewards from their work in my country. But the most
popular rewards are financial compensation and career growth opportunities. For instance,
the best employees at the end of the month may earn monetary rewards from their employers
as a sign of recognition. Also, some workers who have been working in a company for a long
time can apply for promotions as a way to encourage them to be loyal.
2. Describe a rule that is important at your school or work.
You should say:
• What the rule is
• What happens when people break the rule
• Why you think it is an important rule
And explain how you feel about the rule.
Answer:

Alright, so one of the key rules we have in school is about wearing our uniforms. Let me
break it down for ya.

Obviously, the rule means you have to wear the school’s designated uniform. For our school,
it’s a specific shirt with the school logo, trousers or skirt, and sometimes even a tie or blazer.
The idea is that everyone, no matter who you are or where you're from, wears the exact same
outfit every day to school and that helps break down socioeconomic barriers and divisions
that could crop up.

151
If anyone is caught not wearing their uniform or making alterations to it, they face
consequences. Sometimes it’s just an initial warning, but if you’re a repeat offender, you
might get detention or even sent home to change.

You know, at first, I used to think, "Why all the fuss about clothes?" But over time, I’ve come
to appreciate the uniform rule. First, it creates a sense of equality among all the students. No
one can show off their fancy branded clothes or make someone else feel like less because of
what they can afford. It puts everyone on the same wavelength in a way. Plus, it saves a lot
of time in the morning! No one has to spend ages deciding on what to wear because it’s been
decided for you in advance. To be honest, there are days when I wish I could wear my own
clothes to express my personality. But overall, I think the uniform rule is a good thing. It
keeps things simple, makes everyone look smart, and like I said before, fosters a sense of
community among the student body. Now when I look back at old school photos, seeing all
of us in the uniform brings back so many fond memories. It makes me feel nostalgic!

So, yeah, that’s the whole uniform rule thing from my school. Love it or hate it, it has been a
big part of my school life and that’s generally the case all across Vietnam where school
uniforms are the norm.
Part 3:
• What rules should children follow at home in your country?
Well, you know, when it comes to rules for children at home, it really varies from one
household to another, but from my perspective, there are some common ones that come to
mind. Firstly, respect is huge. Most parents teach their kids to be polite, to listen when adults
are speaking, and not to use foul language. Then there's the whole bit about chores. Even from
a young age, most kids have basic responsibilities around the house. It could be as simple as
tidying up their toys, setting the table, or, as they get older, helping out with the dishes or
laundry. And now, in the age of technology, limiting screen time has become a standard rule.
This isn't just about TV anymore; it's also about tablets, phones, and video games.
• On what occasions can children be forgiven if they don't follow the rules?
Well, there are several instances where it might be reasonable to forgive children for not
complying with rules. Children, just like us adults, have days when they feel overwhelmed.

152
If a kid breaks a rule because they're upset or stressed, they might need a comforting word
more than a reprimand. It shouldn’t be a knee-jerk reaction to just discipline kids. Also, let’s
not forget curiosity. Kids are naturally curious. Sometimes, their eagerness to explore might
cause them to ignore certain rules. Like, touching something they shouldn’t in a museum out
of sheer curiosity. The intention is not bad so the punishment shouldn’t be either.
• What rules should people follow when using public transport?
Oh, when it comes to public transport, there’re several formal rules that come to mind for me.
First, always make sure to stand in line. It's just smoother if everyone waits their turn and lets
others get off before getting on. You don’t want a logjam. Once you're on, say, a bus or train,
if you're sitting and an elderly or maybe someone with a disability gets on, it's a nice gesture
to offer up your seat. Oh, and noise! I think we've all been on a journey where someone's
talking really loudly or playing music without headphones. Keeping the volume down just
makes the ride better for everyone.
• What are the reasons that cause people to break the rules?
From my perspective, this varies so much by situation. It might just be ignorance. Maybe they
don't even know there's a rule in place. Then, there's the whole rebellious aspect. You know,
teenagers might break the rules just to assert their independence or to challenge authority.
Impatience can be a factor too. Imagine someone parking in a no-parking zone just because
they're in a hurry and think it'll only be for a minute. Some of these reasons are more
understandable than others.
• When people break rules, how are they punished in your country?
Well, the way people are punished for breaking rules really depends on the severity of the
rule they've broken. For minor traffic offenses, like speeding just a little over the limit or
parking wrong in a prohibited zone, they might just get a ticket and have to pay a fine (or
nothing at all in most cases). But if someone's driving recklessly or under the influence, that
can lead to heavier fines, losing their license, or even jail time in severe cases.

153
3. Describe a good advertisement that you think is useful.
You should say:
• Where you can see it
• What it shows
• Why you think it is useful
And explain how you feel about it.
Answer:

I’d like to talk about an advertisement I've been seeing recently that really stands out to me
for some reason.

You can usually catch it during commercial breaks on TV, especially during prime time. Also,
I've noticed it a couple of times on those big digital billboards all around the city.

The advertisement is for this new shampoo brand. It starts with the woman with visibly frizzy,
dry hair, struggling to comb it down into something manageable. But as she starts using the
shampoo, there's a transformation and her hair gets smoother, shinier, and just overall
healthier. You can see this by the graphics on the screen and the well-timed music.

Well, besides the obvious transformation, what makes this advertisement particularly
memorable is its informative approach. It details the key ingredients, I remember argan oil
and keratin, and explains their respective roles in maintaining healthy hair. This educational
approach provides consumers with a clear understanding of why these ingredients are
beneficial, going beyond a simple "buy our product because it's great" message.

Personally, I found the ad refreshingly different from typical shampoo commercials out there.
It’s not just a glamorous model showing off flawless hair - it's relatable, educational, and to
the point. After watching it, I decided to give the shampoo a try, not only because it promised
positive results but also because they were transparent about the ingredients that I'd be putting
in my hair.

I found the shampoo to be pretty good - my hair feels healthier and there is a certain shine to
it. I’m not sure if that’s a placebo effect or not, but it certainly works for me!

154
Part 3:
• What do you think of online advertising?
Online advertising is a double-edged sword, if you ask me. On the plus side, it's super handy
for businesses. They can reach their target audience without spending as much as they would
on traditional media like a TV commercial. For consumers, online advertising can be a way
to discover new products, services, or content that aligns with their interests. However, on the
flip side, there are challenges and concerns. The sheer volume of ads online can be
overwhelming, leading to ad fatigue or so-called ‘banner blindness’ where users simply
ignore the ads. Then, there are concerns about privacy, with advertisements sometimes being
perceived as intrusive, especially when they seem to know too much about our personal
preferences or browsing habits. This raises questions about data collection, user consent, and
how our information is being used and exploited.
• Are there any great online advertisements?
Oh, absolutely! Over the years, I've seen some really creative and impactful online
advertisements. Great online ads aren't just about selling a product but also tell a story. For
instance, some ads use humor to be more memorable and persuasive. Think about those catchy
jingles or funny characters that you might get stuck in your head sometimes. Then there are
those ads that tug at your heartstrings. They might be centered around family, friendships, or
personal achievements, making us reflect on our own experiences.
• What do people usually buy?
Well, that's quite a broad question! What people buy can really vary based on factors like age,
interests, culture, and financial status. That said, there are some common things that I’d
highlight. For starters, daily essentials are a given. I mean, things like groceries, toiletries, and
household supplies. Everyone needs to eat and maintain their home, right? Then there are
clothing and accessories. With the change of seasons, fashion trends, or simply wear and tear,
people often find themselves shopping for new apparel. And of course, there’s emphasis today
on services more than ever before. Whether it's getting a haircut, dining out, or taking a yoga
class, people are often keen to invest in their mental and physical well-being and cool
experiences.

155
 • Why do buying new things make people happy?
First off, when we buy something new, it triggers a release of dopamine, a feel-good chemical.
It's almost like giving ourselves a little treat, and our brain loves that! That’s why it is
considered the reward center for the brain. Then, there's also the idea of novelty. We humans
are naturally curious creatures, and we're drawn to new experiences and things. Getting
something new breaks up the monotony of daily life and adds a little excitement to our
humdrum lives. Lastly, some people use shopping as a mini therapy session to lift their spirits.
Not the worst thing to be addicted to…
• Do people watch advertising that isn’t relevant to them in this day and age?
Oh, for sure! Even in this modern era, many of us end up watching ads that might not be
relevant or have any meaningful connection to our lives. Whether we're scrolling through
social media or binge-watching a series, we're bound to encounter ads that are irrelevant or
simply uninteresting. Of course, some of them can be catchy or amusing, but others? They
just make you wonder, "What was that all about?" It's just part and parcel for the digital age
we're living in!
4. Describe a science subject that you are interested in (biology, robotics, etc.)
You should say:
• What the subject is
• How you know this subject
• How you usually get information about this subject
And explain why you are interested in this subject.
Answer:

Truthfully, I wouldn't describe myself as a science enthusiast per se. However, there is one
particular field of science that has always captured my interest, genetics. I first encountered
the fascinating world of genetics during high school as part of our mandatory biology classes.
From the very first lesson about genetics, I was fascinated by the complex mechanisms of our
genetic makeup, which are much more intricate and well-organized than I had imagined.

Since then, I’ve kept up on a casual basis with the newest developments and discoveries in
the field. The scientific literature in a field like this can be challenging, so I don’t exactly go

156
into reading papers or looking through the meta-data. I tried a couple of times but getting my
head around scientific papers on genetics is beyond me. I do my best to glean what I can from
articles in the news though. This has led me to sign up for newsletters related to genetics and
even follow some of the leading experts in genetics on social media - they tend to present
things in ways the layman can understand.

The more I immerse myself in genetics, the more I understand that it's not just about grasping
previous scientific findings, but also about keeping up with current projects that could
potentially influence our future. I’m eager to continue expanding my knowledge in this area
and I hope to someday apply what I’ve learned or at least be able to hold a conversation on
the topic reasonably well.
Part 3:
• Did you ever tell anybody that you are interested in this subject?
Yes, absolutely! I shared my interest in genetics with friends, family, and colleagues. They’ve
heard me go on and on about these topics a few times too many I’d say. I find that discussing
topics I'm passionate about, like genetics, not only enhances my own understanding but also
sparks interesting conversations and sometimes even inspires others to explore the subject
themselves. Sharing knowledge and exchanging perspectives can be incredibly enriching and
rewarding.
• Some children don't like to study science subjects in school. Why is this?
Science can be pretty tricky, especially for kids and especially when it comes to the hard
sciences. There are complex ideas and concepts that can be overwhelming, even for grown-
ups. Plus, science topics usually build on each other. So if you don't grasp the basics, such as
basic math, you're likely to get lost and miss out on understanding the bigger picture. That's
why sitting through a science class can feel like a real struggle for some kids and they dread
those lessons more than any others.
• Which science subject is the most important for children to study?
In my opinion, biology stands out as a particularly important science subject for children to
study. It’s essentially the science of life, covering everything from the human body and its
internal processes to plants and animals. This helps kids connect with the world around them

157
and understand their own place in all of it. Additionally, biology encourages critical thinking
and introduces kids to the concept of observing and experimenting, which are valuable skills
in any field. It’s one way to get practice applying the theories of the scientific method.
• Should people continue to study science after graduation?
Well, it actually varies based on personal interests and future professional aspirations. For
those aiming for a career in science, delving deeper into relevant scientific subjects is
essential, that goes without saying. However, for others not pursuing a career in the sciences,
immersing oneself in detailed scientific texts might not be worth it. Keeping abreast of
scientific developments is probably a good idea - there are always areas like AI and robotics
that are likely to impact you no matter what field you’re working in at the moment.
• What channels do you use to learn about scientific research?
To stay current on scientific news, I mainly rely on a blend of academic databases, news
websites, and social media. Google Scholar is my go-to for in-depth articles and studies, while
ScienceDaily provides quick and easy-to-understand summaries of what’s going on in a given
area. I also follow several scientific organizations on Twitter for real-time updates. This
combination keeps me well-informed and allows me to engage with the scientific community
in a meaningful way.
5. Describe something you did in a hurry.
You should say:
• What it was
• Why you had to it in a hurry
• How well you did it
And explain how you felt about having to do it in a hurry.
Answer:

Well, one memorable occasion when I had to do something in a hurry was last month when I
had to catch a flight unexpectedly. I was actually at work when I received an urgent call
informing me of a family emergency - my father had been taken to the hospital. I had to leave
immediately and rush to the airport to catch the next available flight.

158
The task at hand was packing my belongings and making it to the airport in time. I had to
prioritize what to take with me, throwing clothes and essentials into my suitcase without much
thought. My mind was elsewhere but I wanted to make sure I didn't forget anything crucial in
the rush.

As for how well I did it, considering the circumstances, I managed to pack everything I
needed, although it was a bit haphazard. I reached the airport just in time to catch my flight,
but the experience was definitely a bit on the stressful side.

Honestly, the whole situation left me feeling a mix of emotions. On the one hand, I was
worried about my dad, and on the other, the chaos of having to pack and leave abruptly was
overwhelming. So not really a mix actually - mostly bad emotions. However, the fact that I
made it in time for my family and handled the urgent crises as best as I could gave me a sense
of relief - once I found out that he was ok at least.

In summary, the unexpected trip required me to act swiftly and decisively. While the
experience was hectic, I did manage to get it done and prove to myself that I’m good in a
pinch.
Part 3:
• Do you think it is impolite to arrive late when meeting a friend?
In my opinion, it can be but isn’t necessarily. Even though a friend is someone who is likely
to forgive us easily if we show up late, we should not take advantage of that. Punctuality is a
sign of respect, and it shows that you value the other person's time. However, I understand
that unforeseen circumstances can arise. In such cases, apologize for the delay. It also might
just be a few minutes and that’s not even worth asking forgiveness for.
• Which one would you prefer: fixed or flexible working hours?
Personally, I think a balanced approach that combines elements of both would be ideal. I like
fixed working hours as that allows me to set up a structured daily routine and stick to it
consistently. But on certain occasions like holidays or weekends, I prefer flexible working
hours so I can spend more time with my loved ones, maintaining a better work-life balance.
Overall, I prefer a combination of both fixed and flexible working hours, allowing for
flexibility when needed without compromising productivity and consistency.

159
 • What are the likely effects of students not managing their study time well?
Poor time management among students can lead to various negative consequences. Firstly, it
may result in increased stress and anxiety due to the need for last-minute cramming. Secondly,
the quality of learning may suffer as students may not spend enough time studying, affecting
their academic performances in the long term. Additionally, they might miss out on
extracurricular activities or opportunities for personal development. If you get all your ducks
in a row, then you have more freedom and flexibility in life generally.
• How can employees boost their productivity at work?
There are lots of different strategies. Firstly, effective time management is crucial - employees
should prioritize tasks and avoid procrastination. Secondly, regular breaks and maintaining a
healthy work-life balance can contribute to sustained productivity. Employees should not
work themselves to the bone as this can have detrimental effects on their mental and physical
health. Finally, setting clear and reasonable goals can also significantly boost efficiency in
the workplace. If the goal is unattainable, your motivation will suffer.
• What have you done to improve your time management skills?
Well, to enhance my time management skills, I have tried a number of things of the years.
What I do now is use a planner to organize my daily to-do list and set realistic deadlines. I try
to divide my list up into smaller tasks that can be finished within 30 minutes so that I have
more motivation to finish them quickly and get on to the next one. Secondly, I’ve learned to
prioritize tasks based on their importance and urgency. If the task is both important and
urgent, I’ll do it immediately, otherwise I’ll just leave it.
6. Describe an interesting conversation that you had with an old person.
You should say:
• Who you had it with
• Where you had it
• What the conversation was about
And explain how you felt about it.

160
Answer:

I'd like to share an intriguing conversation I had with my grandmother a few months ago at
her house during a visit to my hometown.

My grandmother is in her late 80s so she has a wealth of life experience. We sat in her living
room, surrounded by photographs and mementos that reflected her long and rich life. During
our chat, we discussed her youth, particularly her experiences during the war against America
in the 60s and 70s. During that period, she worked as a cook in a military base, serving
hundreds of soldiers every day. She vividly recounted stories from her time in the army as
well as the ups and downs she went through, like how she could prepare meals for hundreds
of people on such a low budget and how proud she felt at the time to be part of the war effort.

Her stories were so captivating that I felt like I was transported to a different era. The overall
experience left me with a profound sense of connection and admiration for my grandmother.
Learning about her past not only provided insights into the history of my country but also
gave me a deeper appreciation for her resilience in the past. It made abstract history personal
and relatable.

I felt incredibly lucky to have such an enlightening conversation with my grandmother. It not
only strengthened our relationship but also left me with a greater understanding of her past
and a sense of gratitude for her sacrifice.
Part 3:
• Do you think old people and young people can share interests?
Absolutely, I believe that people of different age groups can have a ton in common. While
they may have distinct life experiences and preferences, there are numerous activities and
hobbies that can bridge generational gaps. For example, both old and young individuals might
enjoy pastimes that help sharpen their minds like playing chess and doing puzzles. In
Vietnam, it’s not hard to find an elderly person and a teenager playing chess against each
other in the park. Also, people of different age groups can enjoy certain sports that don’t
require too much strenuous activity or physical contact like jogging and yoga.

161
 • Is it better to communicate face-to-face or by phone?
Personally, I think each kind of communication has its own distinct advantages. On the one
hand, phone calls offer convenience in case of emergencies as you can easily communicate
with someone from far away just by opening up an app on your phone. On the other hand,
face-to-face interactions provide the advantage of non-verbal cues, such as body language
and facial expressions, which contribute to improved overall understanding and rapport.
Therefore, in meetings, direct conversation allows for a more personal and engaging exchange
of ideas, fostering stronger connections between individuals. So I’d go with face-to-face
overall.
• Why do people get nervous while giving presentations?
Well, the main reason why people often experience nervousness during presentations is fear
of judgment. People are often concerned about how they will be perceived by their audience
- they’re self-conscious - and maybe rightly so. The fear of judgment, whether it's related to
the content of the presentation or the way it's delivered, can contribute significantly to
nervousness. Another reason that makes presenters nervous is the pressure to perform well.
People sometimes put themselves under immense pressure to deliver a flawless presentation.
The expectation of performing well, combined with the fear of making mistakes or forgetting
key points, can elevate stress levels.
• Why is body language important?
Body language is crucial in communication because it serves as a powerful non-verbal form
of expression that complements and enhances spoken words. This includes gestures, facial
expressions, posture, and other physical cues that people can use to express their emotions
and ideas without the need for verbal expression - or even accent or undermine what they’re
saying, intentionally or unintentionally. Also, good body language such as upright posture
and steady eye contact can enhance a speaker’s confidence and inspire confidence in those
listening.
• What can old people teach young people?
So so much! Older individuals possess a wealth of life experience and wisdom and they can
impart valuable lessons about resilience and navigating life's challenges and adversity. Older
people also often have a deep understanding of cultural and historical contexts, and can

162
provide insights that contribute to more comprehensive perspectives on various aspects of
life. For example, many young people in Vietnam learn about past wars from their
grandparents’ stories, which gives them a more honest, personal, and thorough view of
history.
7. Describe a job you would not like to do in the future.
You should say:
• What the job is
• What qualities it requires
• Why you would not like to do it
And how you feel about this job.
Answer:

Honestly, a job that I can't see myself doing in the future is that of a high-rise window cleaner.
Basically, this job involves cleaning and maintaining windows on tall buildings and I only
really see anything about it in action movies.

The skills required for this job include a high level of physical agility, the ability to work
comfortably in a variety of weather conditions, and most importantly, courage. Can’t look
down.

The primary reason I wouldn't want to go into this line of work is the inherent risk and the
fear associated with working so high up. I have a fear of heights, and the idea of being
suspended high above the ground while cleaning windows is something I find extremely
unnerving - even just imagining it. The thought of relying on harnesses and safety equipment
to prevent a fall is absolutely a nightmare for me - I don’t even like climbing walls.

Also, the job requires long hours outdoors, so workers are often exposed to extreme weather
conditions like the sun and heavy rain. This can have detrimental effects on their health in the
long run, although getting a lot of sun every day is good for you. The combination of the
physical demands, the constant exposure to heights, and potential weather challenges makes
this a job that I would not feel comfortable or happy doing at all.

163
In conclusion, while I appreciate the importance of high-rise window cleaners in maintaining
the aesthetics of buildings, the fear of heights and the challenging working conditions
associated with the job make it something I would not choose for my future career. If AI
replaces all other jobs on Earth, I still wouldn’t do it - that’s how strongly I feel.
Part 3:
• How do you think AI (artificial intelligence) will affect people’s work?
Naturally, how could it not? It will likely replace labour-intensive jobs that require repetitive
tasks such as in manufacturing and construction and as a result boost efficiency and
productivity. This has already happened in automobile factories, for example. It may also
replace workers who do creative jobs like designers or video editors. However, it’s essential
to be cognizant of the fact that AI can also generate new job opportunities in other fields as
well, especially those related to AI development, maintenance, and oversight. So adaptability
and acquiring skills that complement AI models will become crucial for individuals
navigating the job market in the future.
• What are the important factors to consider when choosing a career?
Well that’s tricky but I think there are a few. The first one is obviously personal interest.
Employees should be happy and satisfied with the work they do as job satisfaction plays a
key role in productivity. Secondly, people should find a job that aligns with their skills,
strengths, and weaknesses to maximize individual potential. No point doing a job you’re
rubbish at. Finally, demand in the job is also an essential factor. No matter how good workers
are at their job, they still have to find a job that the market is in need of to make a decent
living.
• Will technology completely replace humans in the future?
Honestly, I don’t believe humans will ever be completely replaced by machines in the near or
even distant future. While there are certain repetitive tasks that can be easily done by robots,
those that require emotional intelligence and critical thinking will always remain uniquely
human. For example, technology can somewhat replace teachers in delivering online lessons
and assessing homework but it can never perform more complex tasks such as motivating
students and responding to their personal needs. In conclusion, I’d argue that technology will
benefit humans by boosting their productivity rather than replacing them entirely in the future.

164
 • Is it common in your country for people to move to other cities because of work?
Definitely, in Vietnam, there’s always a huge influx of people relocating to other cities every
year to look for more job opportunities. In particular, most people go to big cities in our
country like Hanoi and especially Ho Chi Minh City, the economic hub of the nation. These
places are packed with economic and industrial opportunities that offer various kinds of jobs
and higher salaries. So many individuals are willing or even eager to move to these cities
where they can pursue their career goals and enjoy higher living standards.
• Would you rather have one job or multiple jobs?
Personally, at the moment, I’d prefer having at least 2 jobs. I’d like to have one 9-to-5 job to
make a stable income. But I also want to find a side hustle that I’m interested in as an
additional income stream and maybe something I have more passion for. Another important
reason why I want to do multiple jobs is to broaden my horizons in every way possible so that
I can find out what I’m best at and what I love the most. This is especially essential for me at
this time because I just graduated from university so I need to try out as many jobs as possible
to have better career prospects in the future and so I don't get stuck in a dead-end career.
8. Describe an important journey that was delayed.
You should say:
• When it was
• Why it was important
• How it was delayed
And how you felt about it.
Answer:

I'd like to talk about a trip I took to Da Lat that turned out to be quite the adventure due to
some unexpected delays. It was a couple of years ago during the peak of rainy season in
Vietnam. My friends and I had planned this getaway to Da Lat, a picturesque hilly city, and
we were all geared up for a weekend filled with exploration and relaxation. Those are kind of
in conflict, I know.

The journey was particularly important because it was a rare opportunity for all of us to take
a break from our hectic lives and get in some time outdoors bonding with each other. We had

165
been looking forward to exploring the beautiful landscapes, trying out local delicacies, and
simply enjoying each other's company.

However, mother nature had other plans for us. As we reached the airport, we were informed
that our flight had been delayed due to severe weather conditions in Da Lat. The news was
disappointing, but better safe than sorry.

Waiting at the airport, I couldn't help but feel a mix of frustration and disappointment. We
were all so eager to start our vacation, and the weather seemed determined to test our patience.
Yet, deep down, I understood the necessity of the delay for everyone's safety. It’s hard to be
angry at a storm.

Eventually, after hours of waiting, the weather conditions improved, and our flight took off.
Despite the initial setback, the journey turned out to be memorable, filled with unexpected
twists and turns – a trip we fondly reminisce about now.
Part 3:
• What should people keep in mind before traveling?
Before embarking on a trip, you should ensure that you've got all your travel documents,
including passports and visas, up-to-date as well. Plus, conducting thorough research about
the destination, including about the local culture and customs, helps in adapting to a new
environment. Meticulous budget planning is another consideration that contributes
significantly to a hassle-free travel experience. That’s what I try to bear in mind when making
plans at least.
• How can traffic conditions in cities be improved?
I believe upgrading existing infrastructure is crucial for improving Vietnam's current
transportation systems. I envision broader roads, stronger bridges, and more dependable
public transit, all essential for enhancing the overall commuting experience of the average
urban resident. Additionally, investing in environmentally friendly alternatives such as
electric buses and bike lanes could play a significant role in addressing congestion and
pollution issues at the same time.

166
 • Would people still drive cars if public transportation were free of charge?
Yes, I think individuals often prefer driving over walking or using public transportation
regardless of financial considerations. Although public transport is consistently more cost-
effective than maintaining a car, the primary motivation for drivers doesn't seem to be the
financial aspect. Convenience takes precedence for those who choose to drive. To get rid of
all the cars clogging up the roads, I think we’ll have to ban them someday.
• How can transportation in rural areas be developed?
In rural areas, improving road infrastructure is vital. Investments in well-maintained roads
and subsidized public transportation services, like buses and shared taxis, can enhance
accessibility for average residents. Integrating technology, such as ride-sharing apps, also
contributes to efficient transportation in rural regions. But the main point is just building and
maintaining quality roads - some places still have gravel or dirt roads.
• What types of places do you recommend travelers visit during their vacations?
When it comes to vacation destinations, the choice depends on individual preferences. Coastal
areas with beautiful beaches can provide a serene getaway, perfect for those seeking
relaxation. But they can be active as well - if you like playing beach volleyball and swimming
out real far towards the horizon. Additionally, historical cities or cultural hubs are great for
people interested in art, history, and local traditions. National parks offer a fantastic
opportunity to connect with nature and enjoy outdoor activities. So it depends mostly on what
you’re into.
9. Describe a movie you watched that made you feel very motivated.
You should say:
• What it was
• When and where you watched it
• Who you watched it with
And explain why it made you feel motivated.

167
Answer:

I'd like to share my experience watching the movie "The Shawshank Redemption,” a film that
left an indelible mark on me and really motivated me. I watched it on Netflix a couple of years
ago from the comfort of my home. A friend who had recommended the movie watched it with
me. He’d been telling me about it for ages.

The film tells the tale of Andy Dufresne, a banker sentenced to life in Shawshank State
Penitentiary for a crime he didn't commit. Despite the harsh conditions, Andy maintains his
dignity and works relentlessly to bring hope and a sense of purpose to those around him.

What struck me about "The Shawshank Redemption" was the themes of hope, resilience, and
the ability to find freedom within oneself even in the most confining situations. The bond
between the characters, particularly the friendship between Andy and Red, showcases the
transformative power of human connection.

As the story unfolds, I couldn't help but be inspired by Andy's unwavering spirit and his ability
to rise above the challenges he faced. The film beautifully conveys the message that one's
mindset and determination can shape one's destiny, regardless of external circumstances.
Though there are limits to that idea of course.

So, whenever I find myself feeling down, I rewatch it as a therapeutic escape that lifts my
spirits and brightens my day.
Part 3:
• What kinds of movies are young people interested in now?
Young people today have very diverse taste in movies. Many are drawn to the latest
blockbusters, particularly those featuring superheroes or fantasy elements. But there's also
increased interest in indie films because of their availability through streaming services.
Younger generations appear to enjoy both the spectacle offered by high-budget productions
and the distinctive storytelling found in independent cinema. It’s promising for the future of
our own film industry.

168
 • What are the differences between going to the cinema and staying at home to
watch a movie?
Watching a movie in the cinema and at home offer distinct experiences. In theaters, you get
a larger-than-life screen and state-of-the-art sound systems, all within a communal
atmosphere. Watching at home, however, provides the comfort of a familiar environment, the
flexibility to pause or rewind, and the affordability of not having to purchase overpriced
cinema tickets or concessions.
• Do you think people will continue watching movies in theaters in the future?
It's challenging to predict the future, but I believe theaters will remain relevant to some degree
even if they are more niche by then. Despite the conveniences of streaming services, the
cinematic experience, with its larger-than-life visuals and the shared excitement of watching
with a live audience, offers something unique that will persist - that will have enduring value.
• In your opinion, should films have educational or entertainment value?
Well, I don't think it’s an either / or question to be honest. I think films should ideally strike
a balance between educational and entertainment values - when that is their goal. While the
primary purpose of cinema is to entertain, incorporating elements of education can enrich the
viewer's experience by offering thought-provoking content and valuable insights. This way,
the cinematic experience becomes more enriching and meaningful for audiences.
• How do cartoons nowadays differ from cartoons in the past?
In today's cartoons, there's been a noticeable shift away from the ones we had in the past, to
my mind. Nowadays, animations leverage advanced computer-generated imagery (CGI),
resulting in more realistic and visually stunning graphics. Plus, unlike the simpler storylines
of the past, modern cartoons often feature intricate plots and diverse characters, reflecting a
deeper understanding of storytelling and societal changes. They’re definitely more creative
and less mainstream in a lot of ways now.

169
10. Describe a useful skill that you learned when you were a teenager.
You should say:
• What it is
• When you learned it
• Who you learned it from
And explain how you feel about this skill.
Answer:

To be honest, I’ve been passionate about food and cooking since I was very young. My
grandmother was the one who inspired this interest in me. She owned a Pho - that’s a
Vietnamese beef noodle dish - restaurant in my hometown, and I loved watching her cook
and prepare dishes in the kitchen to serve her customers.

Although I have enrolled in some culinary courses, my grandmother was my first real cooking
teacher. She not only taught me a lot about Vietnamese traditional foods, but she also shared
her general passion for cooking with me. I have fond memories of spending time in the kitchen
with her, learning the techniques and secrets behind each dish. I also learned the significance
of patience and attention to detail in the cooking process. From her, I learned the crucial
importance of using fresh ingredients and the art of balancing flavors in Vietnamese cuisine.
She taught me how to create complex and harmonious flavors by combining different herbs,
spices, and sauces. Her recipes were passed down through generations, and I’m grateful for
the opportunity to employ them and someday I hope to hand them down as well.

Thanks to my grandmother's guidance in the kitchen, I’m not only able to whip up delicious
meals for my family and loved ones, but I also find joy and fulfilment in the art of cooking
itself. The knowledge and techniques she taught me have also become the foundation that
helps me to learn cooking more varied international cuisines when I’m feeling adventurous.
Part 3:
• What important skills should a child learn?
It is crucial for children to develop a wide range of skills that will serve them well throughout
their lives. One key one is communication skills. Effective communication allows them to
express their thoughts and opinions, which will be essential in both personal and professional

170
relationships in the future. Problem-solving skills are equally important to my mind.
Encouraging children to think independently, consider different perspectives, and find
innovative ways to work through problems will help them navigate novel challenges in
various aspects of life.
• What are the differences between children learning what they like and learning
what they have to learn?
I think it’s mainly about motivation and engagement. When children learn what they like,
they’re naturally motivated and enthusiastic about the subject matter. They are more likely to
actively participate, ask questions, and explore the topic on a deeper level. On the other hand,
when children are learning what they have to learn, they may feel obligated, which can lead
to disinterest and lack of engagement. Though that’s not always the case - most kids are pretty
keen no matter what.
• Who would you prefer to learn a skill from: friends, teachers, or parents?
For me it comes down to the type of skill and individual preference. Learning from friends is
more casual and relaxed, giving me a comfortable environment to try new things. Teachers
offer structured and formal education, guiding me through a systematic learning process
through their expertise. Parents can be influential mentors, especially in the early stages of
learning, teaching you life skills, values, and practical knowledge. But if I had to settle on
one, it would be friends because it’s more relaxed.
• At what age does it become harder to learn a skill?
There’s no specific age that universally makes it difficult for a person to learn a skill. The
ability to learn a skill can vary greatly depending on individual factors such as motivation,
aptitude, and previous experience. While it is generally believed that younger individuals
have an edge in learning new skills due to their brain plasticity, adults can still learn and
acquire new skills with dedication and practice. It's important to note that the learning process
may be different for each individual, and it's never too late to start learning a new skill. It’s
rare to see it, but that doesn’t mean you can’t do it.

171
 • What are the differences between the way children learn new skills and the way
adults learn new skills?
The approaches are really different. Children tend to have a more exploratory and playful
approach to learning, often learning through play and imitation. They may learn new skills
more quickly and adapt more easily to changes. On the other hand, adults tend to have a more
analytical and goal-oriented approach to learning. They often have a deeper understanding of
the importance and purpose of learning new skills and their value. Adults may leverage their
prior knowledge and experiences to make connections and apply new skills in practical
contexts. However, they may also face challenges such as preconceived notions and resistance
to change.
11. Describe an ambition that you have had for a long time.
You should say:
• What it is
• What you have done for it
• When you can achieve it
And explain why you have this ambition.
Answer:

Traveling around the world has been an ambition of mine for a long time. I’ve always had a
deep desire to explore different cultures, experience new places, and broaden my horizons.
To pursue this ambition, I’ve taken several steps already.

Firstly, I’ve saved up some money over the years to fund my travels. I created a travel fund
years ago and have made consistent contributions to it. I have also made adjustments to my
lifestyle, such as cutting back on unnecessary expenses, to set aside more money towards my
travel goals.

Secondly, I’ve researched various destinations around the world, read travel blogs, and
watched travel channels on YouTube to learn more about different countries, their cultures,
and the experiences they offer.

172
Furthermore, I’ve made a list of places I want to visit and created a travel plan. I have
prioritized destinations based on my interests and have considered factors such as cost, safety,
and the best time to visit each place.

As for when I could achieve this ambition, I’m actively working towards it as we speak. While
I’ve already visited some countries, namely Thailand and China, there are still many more on
my list. I understand that traveling around the world is a long-term goal, and I’m committed
to making it happen gradually.

I have this ambition because I believe that traveling is an incredible opportunity for personal
growth and self-discovery. It allows me to step out of my comfort zone, embrace new
challenges, and learn from divergent perspectives. It also helps me appreciate the beauty and
diversity of our world. My ambition to travel around the world drives me to work hard, save
money, and plan meticulously. I’m excited about the adventures that await me and the
valuable experiences I will gain along the way.
Part 3:
• What kinds of ambitions do people often have?
That’s a broad question because there are a wide range of ambitions that drive actions and
shape our lives. One of the most common ambitions is to achieve career success - likely the
most common one. This can involve climbing the corporate ladder, starting a business, or
making a significant impact in one’s chosen field. Financial stability is also a common
ambition for many people - I guess that is more or less the same goal. The desire to have a
secure and comfortable financial situation drives individuals to work hard, save money, and
make smart financial decisions. These ambitions are very mercenary but I think they are the
most common ones if people are being honest with themselves.
• Should parents interfere with their children’s ambitions?
Generally, no. It’s important for children to explore and discover their own interests and
passions, and to develop a sense of autonomy and independence. Interfering with their goals
in life can stifle creativity and hinder personal growth. Instead, parents should support and
encourage their children, providing guidance and advice when needed, but ultimately

173
allowing them to make their own decisions and pursue their own dreams - even when that
results in missteps and failures along the way.
• How can one be better prepared for their goals?
I think a clear understanding of the outcome is the first crucial stepping stone. Once you’ve
established your objectives, it’s best to break them down into smaller, manageable tasks. This
helps with focus and motivation, as you can see progress being made on a regular basis. By
breaking goals into smaller tasks, you can tackle them one step at a time, which makes them
much more achievable.
• If your friend does not have goals, what can you do to help?
For my somewhat aimless friends, I encourage them to spend time reflecting on their interests,
values, and skills. Discussing their personal strengths and passions can help them identify
potential goals. Furthermore, I don’t hesitate to share my own experiences in setting and
achieving goals. By openly discussing my journey, including the challenges I faced and the
strategies I employed to get where I am now, I hope to provide them with inspiration and
motivation - without being overly preachy.
• Are there any differences between the ambitions of grown-ups and of children?
Yes, there can be. Grown-ups often have more long-term and career-oriented ambitions, such
as achieving professional success, or attaining financial stability. On the other hand,
children’s ambitions may be more focused on their immediate desires or interests, such as
becoming a superhero, a famous athlete, or pursuing a hobby they enjoy. They don’t look far
into the future or consider societal factors as much. It's important to note that ambitions can
vary greatly among individuals, regardless of age.
12. Describe an unusual holiday or vacation you had.
You should say:
• When and where you went
• Who you went with
• What you did there
And explain why it was unusual.

174
Answer:

Well, when it comes to an unusual holiday, I’d like to talk about my 3-day trip to Da Lat, one
of the most popular tourist destinations in my country, a few months ago. Da Lat is often
colloquially known as the city of flowers in Vietnam, famous for its picturesque and peaceful
landscape. The weather here is pleasant all year round so there is almost no need for air
conditioning, in contrast to Hanoi where I am currently.

I went to Da Lat with my sister and some of her colleagues - quite a strange combination, to
be honest. One of my sister’s co-workers is a great photographer. She snapped tons of
beautiful photos of my sister and I. The other co-worker is good at financial management.
She helped us plan the most economical trip, so it was much cheaper than I had expected
going in.

In Da Lat, we went sightseeing at some tourist attractions like Langbiang Mountain, Truc
Lam Zen Monastery and Tuyen Lam Lake. We also took a cloud-hunting tour to admire the
clouds and a Gong tour to explore the local culture. As well as that, we tried out the local
cuisine and it was everything it was advertised as.

The reason why I consider it an unusual vacation is that we set out for Da Lat during the low
season. There weren’t many beautiful flowers in bloom to enjoy. Some tourist activities like
the Gong tours were only available every few days because there were too few tourists. We
missed one trip on our first day in Da Lat, but luckily we got in on it a few days later. No
matter what, it was still a memorable trip for me.
Part 3:
• How do people generally react to unexpected situations in your culture?
I suppose that it depends on the situation they find themselves in. If it’s a traffic accident, I’m
pretty sure everyone’s first instinct is to call a medical emergency number to take any injured
people to the nearest hospital. That’s for a life-threatening situation. However, when
encountering unexpected changes at work where the stakes are much lower, they tend to
prepare a plan B to face this or that challenge or get advice from more experienced co-
workers.

175
 • Do you think it’s important to always have a plan, or is it better to be
spontaneous?
I reckon that making a plan is a much better choice compared to spontaneously reacting to a
situation - though it varies of course. My reasoning is that developing a detailed plan allows
people to anticipate and prepare the optimal solutions to deal with potential challenges that
may arise. Therefore, people are more likely to achieve success in whatever they do.
Immediate reactions without plans, however, can make the situation worse and lead to failure.
But if you find yourself over-planning all the time, then you need to add some spontaneity
into your life or you’ll become just like a robot.
• What are the differences between old and young people when it comes to holiday?
A couple of big differences come to my mind right away. Firstly, during holidays, while older
generations prefer to enjoy quality time at home with the family, younger generations like to
spend time traveling to explore new places or to escape from the fast pace of modern life.
This difference comes from the fact that young people are generally more physically fit than
the elderly. Additionally, young people often socialize with friends and dine out during
holidays, whereas old people are more likely to spend their time cooking meals with their
children at home. But these are big overgeneralizations too.
• Do you think taking holidays helps people learn about other countries’ cultures?
I don't think so, not to any great extent. Holidays are a time for people to escape from their
work responsibilities and reinvigorate themselves, so most in my country tend to spend time
relaxing rather than going on big trips abroad. Only the really wealthy can afford to do that
where I’m from. Lots of our national holidays are dedicated to honoring the dedication and
contribution of national heroes. Therefore, people are in fact often learning more about our
own culture around these times.
• Why do some people dislike holidays?
Perhaps the reason is that holidays like Lunar New Year are synonymous with family parties
and that can be a mixed bag. They may have to prepare meals for a large family - not to
mention clean up after the meal - and this takes a lot of time and energy and expense even.
The holidays can be really stressful periods. It can also be difficult if you’re estranged from
your family and you feel down during the holidays.

176
13. Describe something you do regularly to help you study or work.
You should say:
• What it is
• How you learned it
• When you do it
And explain how you feel about it.
Answer:

Personally, I find myself putting in long hours at work and it really stresses me out. To cope
with that, I’ve hunted around for the perfect way to chill out during my working hours. After
some research, I’ve stumbled upon something that really works for me - taking short breaks.
It's all about intentionally stepping away from work tasks for a bit, and giving myself a
breather to rest and recharge.

To understand how this method works, I delved into a series of articles on the Internet and
found out how people effectively incorporate it into their routines. After cross-referencing
some articles, I decided to put the theory into practice by conducting a few personal
experiments with different break durations. I tried everything from super short breaks to
longer ones, attempting to decipher what works best for my productivity. Finally, I found my
sweet spot, taking a 5-minute break every 30 minutes.

Now, it has become a regular part of my routine. During these short breaks, I tend to watch
funny YouTube videos or listen to chilled out music without lyrics. With this approach, I no
longer find myself feeling utterly exhausted after a long day. It's like a magic formula that
helps me stay locked in and ward off that feeling of tension that creeps in during extended
work sessions. I feel I could work 24 hours a day this way!
Part 3:
• Do you think everyone has a different routine in your country?
To some extent but they don’t vary that widely. Some turn in really early and others stay up
late. People who get up early are probably either heading right to work or trying to get in a
healthy breakfast and a workout. But if you’re staying up late and then sleeping in, you might

177
be in a rush from the minute your day starts and you’ll have to rush through your routine -
taking a shower, getting dressed, etc. But the things people do are more or less the same.
• Is a daily routine important for study and work?
It’s crucial. If you have the habit of staying up late at night, it can compromise your health,
which may negatively impact concentration levels and performance at school or work. As a
result, students may perform poorly academically, and workers may always be behind. But
that’s not always the case - some people function totally fine on just a few hours sleep.
• Do people in your country need to learn a foreign language to get a job?
Yes, people in my country, especially young people, learn English to increase their job
prospects all the time. The current labor market is highly competitive, and in order to land a
decent job, people must distinguish themselves and learning a foreign language is one way to
do this. People who only speak Vietnamese are at a distinct disadvantage and many jobs at
international companies are not options for them.
• Is doing exercise important for study or work?
Well, I hadn’t thought of it that way but I suppose so. Maybe the main reason is that working
out everyday can help people maintain health and lift their mood as some studies have shown.
Therefore, people can be physically and mentally healthy to face any challenges in study or
work and come up. But if you’re out of shape, that’s an added layer of challenge just getting
around and summoning up the energy to get your work or study done.
• How can employers make their employees concentrate better on their work?
There are lots of ways I’m sure, though I’m not really familiar with how this is done. One
way I suppose is eliminating unnecessary distractions like noise from traffic. Outside noise
can distract employees and lower workplace productivity. Relatedly, they should create a
comfortable working environment with plants and individualized workspaces. By doing so,
their staff can feel at ease during work and their concentration and productivity might also
improve.

178
1