OVERVIEW OF

DENTAL MATERIALS

DRG DESAK NYOMAN ARI SUSANTI, M.KES

PSSKGPDG-2023
DENTAL MATERIAL
• Apakah dental material itu?

• Mengapa kita mempelajari

dental material ?

• Apakah penting ? (better you

know better you serve )
Mengapa kita harus memahami
dental material ?

1. behavior of the material /sifat bahan

2. Handling of material/ penanganan (w/p ratio, waktu
manipulasi yg cukup, bagaimana cara aplikasi
/penempatannya)
3. Evaluation of the problem and its treatment (komplain dari
pasien, mengenali semua material yg ditemukan di RM)
4. Patien education/ pendidikan terhadap pasien (mengapa
hrs pakai amalgam, komposit dll,,,)
SEJARAH

 Sampai dengan tahun 1700

- emas/gold (estetik, prestise)
-gading hewan/ ivory ( diukir )
- porcelain
- wax and gipsum
- zinc oxide – eugenol : filling n cement
 Dental materials in 1800s

- Amalgam/ silver filling material (digunakan secara meluas )

- porcelain : crown , inlays
Dental materials in 20th century

- casting technik
- alloy of gold, titanium, chromiumwith cobalt, nickle
- Cast metals were used for crowns n bridge and
partial dentures
- Polimer and composite were also introduced
Dental materials in 21st century

- new cceramic materials and technologies are

coming day by day
- basic concepts and uses are same
Basis classis of Dental
Material
1. metals
2. ceramics
3. polymer
4. composite
Science Of Dental Materials

Is defined as,
“The Study of composition and properties of
dental materials and the manner in which
they interact with the environment in which
they are placed”.

19
Lingkungan rongga mulut berupa :

• Suhu yang bervariasi

• pH yang bervariasi
• Variasi tekanan pengunyahan.
 Variasi suhu
Suhu normal di rongga mulut (32℃ to 37℃).

Saat mengkonsumsi makanan/minuman

panas/dingin (0℃ to 70℃).

21
 Variasi pH

pH saliva netral (7.0)

On intake of acidic fruit juices or

alkaline medicaments, pH may vary
from 2.0 to 11.0 .

22
 Variations in Masticatory
Forces
Tooth Average
force (N)
 Muscles of Mastication Second molar 800
apply forces to the
dentition.
First molar 390
 Masticatory forces vary
from tooth to tooth.
Bicuspids 288
 Average force applied
by the tooth increases
Cuspids 208
from anteriors to
posteriors.
Incisors 155

23
TUJUAN UTAMA

Meningkatkan dan menjaga kualitas hidup

pasien
Sifat ideal DENTAL MATERIAL

1. Biocompatible - nontoxic; nonirritating;

nonallergenic (tak beracun, tak mengiritasi,
tak menimbulkan alergi)
2. Sifat mekanik ; stabil, kuat, tak mudah patah
3. Tahan thdp korosi maupun bahan kimia,
tahan lama
4. Dimensi stabil – tak mudah berubah karena
perubahan suhu dan pelarut
. Bukan penghantar panas yang baik
5

6. Estetik ; warna menyerupai gigi asli

7. Manipulasi mudah
8. Tak berbau dan tak berasa
9. Mudah dibersihkan dan diperbaiki
10. Harga terjangkau
CLASSIFICATION OF DENTAL
MATERIALS
Dental materials can be classified as:
1. Preventive dental materials.
2. Restorative dental materials.
a) Direct restorative dental materials.
b) Indirect restorative dental materials.
3. Auxiliary dental materials.
4. Temporary restorative dental materials.

27
1. PREVENTIVE DENTAL MATERIALS

Tujuan utama adalah untuk meningkatkan ketahanan/

daya tahan terhadap penjalaran karies.

Lesi karies menimbulkan demineralisasi enamel

Meliputi :
a) Chemotherapeutic agents like Dentifrices,
Mouthwashes and cavity varnishes (resin sintesis sebelum
dipake tambalan amalgam berfungsi untuk mengurangi
kebocoran mikro).
b) Pit and fissure sealants.
c) Floride releasing cements (adalah suatu dental material
yang dapat melepaskan floride seperti GAC).
28
2. RESTORATIVE DENTAL MATERIALS

 Help to repair or replace defected tooth structure.

 These include:
1. Amalgam.
2. Bonding agents.
3. Resin based composites.
4. Compomers.
5. Ceramics.
6. Liners.
7. Cement bases.
8. Dental polymers. 30
AMALGAM
BONDING

COMPOSITE COMPOMER
 CERAMICS

LINER
LINER
CEMENT
Types of Restorative dental
materials

a) Direct restorative materials:

Used intraorally.
fabricate restorations / prosthetic devices directly on the
teeth or tissues.
a) Indirect restorative materials:
Used extraorally.
Formed indirectly over a cast or models.

34
3. AUXILIARY DENTAL MATERIALS

Material kedokteran gigi yang digunakan pada proses

pembuatan dental prosthesis.
Meliputi :
1. Impression materials.
2. Dental waxes.
3. Gypsum casts and model materials.
4. Finishing and polishing abrasives.
5. Acrylic resins for impressions.
6. Acid etching solutions.

35
4. TEMPORARY RESTORATIVE DENTAL
MATERIALS

Sub category dari restorative materials.

Biasanya digunakan sementara saja di dalam rongga
mulut.
Meliputi:
1. Orthodontic wires.
2. Cements used as temporary liners.
3. Cements used as temporary filling materials.
4. Acrylic resins used for inlays, onlays, crowns and fixed
partial dentures.
37
TERIMAKASIH