Introduction to Dental

Materials
What is Dental Material?

• Human body is prone to damage due to either disease or

accidents.

• Likewise the structures in the oral cavity are lost or damaged

due to disease such as caries and periodontal disease and
trauma.

• The main goal in dentistry is to maintain or improve the

quality of life through replacement or alteration of tooth
structure.
• Therefore the main challenge for centuries has been to develop and
select ideal dental materials that can withstand the adverse
conditions of the oral environment.
Ideal Restorative Material

An ideal restorative material should:

• Be biocompatible

• Should bond permanently to tooth structure or bone

• Should match the natural appearance of tooth structure and other visible tissues

• Exhibit properties similar to those of tooth tissues (enamel and dentine)

• Be capable of initiating tissue repair or regeneration of missing or damaged

tissues
Cont’d

Four groups of materials:

• Metals
• Ceramics
• Polymers
• Composites
Classification:

• Preventive dental materials

• Restorative dental materials

• Auxiliary dental materials

Preventive Dental Materials

• Pit and Fissure Sealants

• Sealing agents that prevent leakage

• Materials used primarily for their antibacterial effects.

• Liners, bases, cements and restorative materials that are used primarily
because they release fluoride.

• Chlorhexidine or other therapeutic agents used to prevent or inhibit the

progression of tooth decay.
Restorative Dental Materials

• Synthetic components that can be used to repair or replace tooth

structure, including primers, bonding agents, liners, cement bases,
amalgams, resin-based composites, compomers, hybrid ionomers,
cast metals, metal-ceramics, ceramics, and denture polymers.
Restorative Dental Materials

Direct restorative materials

• Used intraorally to fabricate restoration or prosthetic devices
directly on the teeth

Indirect restorative materials

• Made extraorally in which the materials are formed
indirectly on the teeth or tissues

• Temporary restorative materials

Auxiliary Dental Materials

• Substances used in the process of fabricating dental

prostheses and appliances but do not become part of these
devices.

• Acid – etch solutions, impression materials, casting

investments, gypsum cast, and model materials, dental
waxes, acrylic resins for impression, bleaching trays,
mouthguards, and occlusion aids, finishing and polishing
abrasives.
Types of restorations

• Silver Amalgam
Resin Composite
Inlays and Onlays (Gold)
Crowns (Ceramic, Gold, Ceramic fused to
metal)
Bridges
Full Denture & Partial Denture
Cara penyimpanan

1. Toxicity
2. Flammable/non-flammable
3. Expired date
4. Hydrophobic/ hydrophilic