TABLE OF CONTENTS

Table of contents

Description
Steam atomising burner, type KBSD ..........................................................................1

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 STEAM ATOMISING BURNER, TYPE KBSD SD5580#01.2

Steam atomising burner, type KBSD

1 General
The burner is a steam atomising burner for modulating operation. The burner is
capable of burning both diesel oil and heavy fuel oil. An illustration of the KBSD
burner is shown in Figure 1.
The burner system consists of the burner unit, combustion air fan, and supply
systems for oil, steam, and combustion air. The burner unit is mounted on top of the
boiler and connected to the combustion air fan via an air duct.
The design of the KBSD burner ensures that the flame is kept highly stable at all
loads. Due to the advanced wind-box and oil flow control system, the KBSD burner
can provide inert gas at low loads and has an increased turn down ratio.

Illustration of the KBSD burner

Atomising steam inlet
- boiler steam line
Atomising steam inlet
- common steam line
Atomising air inlet

Fuel oil inlet

Steam regulating Fuel oil return
valve

Oil flow Guide vanes

meter

Fuel oil Wind box

control valve

Air
inlet
Burner register

Burner lance

Secondary swirler
Igniter Primary swirler

Atomiser

Figure 1 burner2b.cdr

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 STEAM ATOMISING BURNER, TYPE KBSD SD5580#01.2

1.1 Burner design

1.1.1 Wind-box design

When the combustion process in an oil burner is controlled, it is essential to have a
stable and uniform distribution of the combustion air in the burner register and the
air duct. A badly shaped air duct can cause instability of the flame, and therefore the
burner has been designed with a dynamical wind-box, as shown in Figure 2. This
wind-box, shaped as a spiral, in combination with the radially fixed guide vanes
ensure a uniform air distribution in the burner register. This is an efficient way to
achieve a stable combustion.

Illustration of the dynamical wind-box

Figure 2 windbox2.cdr

1.1.2 Burner register

The burner register is the duct between the wind-box and the furnace. The burner
lance with atomiser, swirlers, and ignition burner are placed in the burner register.
The burner air register is fitted with divided swirlers – one primary air swirler and
one secondary air swirler – to achieve flame stabilisation.
For maintenance and inspection purposes the burner lance can be dismounted
separately from the top of the wind-box. This makes replacement of the atomiser
very easy.
The swirlers are designed to create an internal re-circulation of hot gases, which
provides the continuous ignition, and hereby to stabilise the flame resulting in less
pulsation.
1.1.3 Ignition burner
The ignition burner is a separate diesel oil burner with its own oil supply system.
When the burner is started, and the ignition sequence step is reached, the ignition
burner is moved into position by means of the air servo cylinder.
The diesel oil flame is ignited by an electric spark between two electrodes which are
connected to a high voltage ignition transformer.
After the ignition period has expired, the ignition burner is purged with air and
retracted again.

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 STEAM ATOMISING BURNER, TYPE KBSD SD5580#01.2

1.1.4 Atomiser
The burner lance contains the Y-jet atomiser, in which steam and fuel are mixed and
ejected. This oil mist is then mixed with combustion air, and the combustion is
completed. The requested oil capacity of the burner unit determines the number and
bore of discharge ports in the atomiser.
The oil flow regulation is based on flow measurements, and therefore the oil
pressure is of little importance to the atomisation quality. As a consequence of this,
the atomisation quality does not vary over the burner turn down range even with the
oil pressure operating between 2 and 25 bar.
1.1.5 Flame failure equipment
Flame failure during light up and normal operation is detected by photo electric cells
mounted on the burner unit and coupled to an amplifier mounted inside the local
control panel. By loss of flame, this flame failure equipment will automatically shut
down the burner.

1.2 Supply systems

1.2.1 Oil and atomising systems

The atomising medium and oil are supplied from valves through flexible hoses to
the burner lance.
The automatic shut-off valves, re-circulation valve, solenoid valves, and the rest of
the necessary burner mountings are all fixed on the wind-box. All shut-off valves are
standard ball valves, and the automatic valves are with electric/pneumatic actuators.
The arrangement of the components on the burner is made as simple as possible and
is therefore very user friendly regarding operation and maintenance.
The oil flow control valve is fitted together with a pneumatic converter/positioner.
To obtain a very accurate regulation of the oil flow, which is very important to have
a large turn-down ratio, the valve is also fitted with an adjustable Cv-adjuster. This
Cv-adjuster makes it possible to adjust the pressure loss coefficient of the valve
whereby the oil flow regulation can be optimised to each single installation. The oil
flow is measured by a screw-type flow meter.
The fuel oil pressure control loop includes a motorised control valve to ensure the
correct pressure at the fuel oil inlet of the burner, and thereby providing a larger
turn-down ratio of the control valve. A single loop PID-controller and a standard 4-
20 mA pressure transmitter ensure optimum and accurate functionality.
The fuel oil temperature before the burner inlet is kept precisely at the desired value
by means of a motorised flow control valve, a single loop PID-controller, and a
Pt100 temperature transmitter.
The atomising steam is supplied through a motorised control valve. The steam
pressure is kept constant at high burner load, but at low burner loads, the steam
pressure is reduced. A single loop PID-controller with external set point and a
standard 4-20 mA pressure transmitter ensure optimum and accurate functionality.
The external set point is related to the fuel oil flow and changes together with this,
making regulation more optimal.
Both steam and compressed air can be used for atomisation of the fuel oil. Normally
steam is used for the atomisation, which is supplied from the boiler drum and/or
common steam line. When connecting to the common steam line in plants with two
boilers, boiler No. 2 can be started by using steam from boiler No. 1 and visa versa.

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 STEAM ATOMISING BURNER, TYPE KBSD SD5580#01.2

Atomisation of the fuel oil by compressed air should only be used during start-up or
due to failure of the steam supply.
1.2.2 Combustion air system
The combustion air system supplies air to the burner according to the demands of
the control system. The draft loss of the burner air register is measured by a
differential pressure transmitter, which converts the signal to a flow signal used by
the control system for automatic air/oil ratio control.
The combustion air is supplied by a directly driven centrifugal fan. The fan is
mounted on a common bed frame with motor, inlet vanes, and servo-drive unit. The
fan impeller inside the spiral housing is mounted directly on the motor shaft. The air
flow to the burner is regulated by inlet vanes mounted on the fan suction side.
The inlet vanes are of a multi-blade design and regulated by a servo-driven unit
comprising an air cylinder and an I/P positioner. A silencer can be mounted on the
fan suction side.

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