Object Oriented

Programing with Python

Lecture 5
Dr. Mohammad Assaad 1
Topics

⚫ MUTABILITY, CLONING

⚫ RECURSION,

⚫ ITERATION vs. RECURSION

⚫ DICTIONARIES

Dr. Mohammad Assaad 2

MUTATION AND ITERATION
Try this in Python Tutor!

Dr. Mohammad Assaad 3

RECURSION, DICTIONARIES

⚫ Recursion– divide/decrease and conquer

⚫ Dictionaries–another mutable object type

Dr. Mohammad Assaad 4

WHAT IS RECURSION?

⚫ Recursion is the process of repeating

items in a self-similar way.

Dr. Mohammad Assaad 5

WHAT IS RECURSION?

Dr. Mohammad Assaad 6

ITERATIVE ALGORITHMS SO FAR

Dr. Mohammad Assaad 7

MULTIPLICATION – ITERATIVE
SOLUTION

Dr. Mohammad Assaad 8

MULTIPLICATION – ITERATIVE
SOLUTION

Dr. Mohammad Assaad 9

FACTORIAL

Dr. Mohammad Assaad 10

Dr. Mohammad Assaad 11
SOME OBSERVATIONS

Dr. Mohammad Assaad 12

ITERATION vs. RECURSION

Dr. Mohammad Assaad 13

FIBONACCI

Dr. Mohammad Assaad 14

FIBONACCI

Dr. Mohammad Assaad 15

FIBONACCI

def fib(x):
"""assumes x an int >= 0
returns Fibonacci of x""”
if x == 0 or x == 1:
return 1
else:
return fib(x-1) + fib(x-2)

Dr. Mohammad Assaad 16

RECURSION ON NON NUMERICS

⚫ How to check if a string of characters is a palindrome,

i.e., reads the same forwards andbackwards.

⚫ “Able was I ere I saw Elba”

Dr. Mohammad Assaad 17

SOLVING RECURSIVELY?

Dr. Mohammad Assaad 18

EXAMPLE

Dr. Mohammad Assaad 19

EXAMPLE
def isPalindrome(s):
def toChars(s):
s = s.lower()
ans = ‘’
for c in s:
if c in 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz’:
ans = ans + c
return ans
def isPal(s):
if len(s) <= 1:
return True
else:
return s[0] == s[-1] and isPal(s[1:-1])
return isPal(toChars(s))
Dr. Mohammad Assaad 20
DIVIDE AND CONQUER

Dr. Mohammad Assaad 21

DICTIONARIES

Dr. Mohammad Assaad 22

HOW TO STORE STUDENT INFO

Dr. Mohammad Assaad 23

HOW TO UPDATE/RETRIEVE
STUDENT INFO

Dr. Mohammad Assaad 24

A BETTER AND CLEANER WAY –
A DICTIONARY

Dr. Mohammad Assaad 25

A PYTHON DICTIONARY

Dr. Mohammad Assaad 26

DICTIONARY LOOKUP

Dr. Mohammad Assaad 27

Dr. Mohammad Assaad 28
DICTIONARY LOOKUP

Dr. Mohammad Assaad 29

Dr. Mohammad Assaad 30
DICTIONARY KEYS and VALUES

Dr. Mohammad Assaad 31

List vs Dict

Dr. Mohammad Assaad 32

EXAMPLE: FUNCTIONS TO
ANALYZE SONG LYRICS

Dr. Mohammad Assaad 33

CREATING A DICTIONARY

Dr. Mohammad Assaad 34

USING THE DICTIONARY

Dr. Mohammad Assaad 35

LEVERAGING DICTIONARY
PROPERTIES

Dr. Mohammad Assaad 36

FIBONACCI RECURSIVE CODE

Dr. Mohammad Assaad 37

Dr. Mohammad Assaad 38
Dr. Mohammad Assaad 39
EFFICIENCY GAINS

Dr. Mohammad Assaad 40