1 hove that square roots ot

three unequal prime

number cannot be three terms of
an AP
It

nsible let Ng, Nr be three terms of an AP

d. & 2
&&
&
where *q*r and they
numbers
are prime
Let them be the
ith. uth and vth terms respectively.
= (u - 1)d

r = d +
(V -

1)d
1 = (À - u)d

and g ir =(u v)d

-V

or (p-yg+vr)
(-vrHVg + \r) -v

or pq pr -4- Vgr =.(4-1)

V

or pg vpr - var =q+ 4-)

= rational number.

As p,q, r are
unequal primes, vpq, Ypr and var are
unequal pure irrational numbers. Hence, LHS is
irrational. But irrational rational.
Hence,the problem.
 u)a
Vp- Vg =(
-

18logX . 28

and vg Vr = (u v)d or 18=y2 =z

nu2
Vg - Vr
real
are
z
-Vg) Vr) 3. I f x ,
y2
, 5(9x+y)+
or V
(VgVr)(Vg + V?) that x,
4
prove

pq Vpr -4- (q-r) then

We have +
(15x)+ (5y)-

Vpg+ r -vgr =9+V (9-7)

= rational number. + (5
are or (15x 5y)
AS P,q, r are unequal primes, vpq, Vpr
and vgr
numbers. Hence, LHS is
unequal pure irrational
irrational. But irrational rational.
Hence, the problem.
15x 5y =0, 5
2. If 3, 31ogy X, 31ogz y, 7log, z be in AP, show that
15x 5y =3z
=y=:3,
3k,
X =k, y
=

Let log r =a, log y =b, log z =

c. From the question,
So x, y, z are in AP.
3,3
3, 1og,3,3 logz
log y og ,7 are in AP
4. For what value
or 3,3 3 7 a r ein AP.
values of * su

=3+,=3+2%,3 +3k C three consecuti

where k is the common difference. We should have
Multiplying these,
7c63
25
(3+k(3 2k3 +3k) => 3b
c
or a =5(5+5
2k+11k2+18k - 12 0
= 5((5 2
or 2k3-k+ 12k+ 18k- 12 =
0
or k(2k- 1) + 6(2k +3k-2)=0
=5{(5x2
or
k2k-1) +6(2k 1)(k +2) -

= 0
a25-2+2
 equation
t, are real numbers eatiefving the
t
3zr)-0
25/9 . 0 155ry yz
in AP
thenprove that t, . tare

We have
(15rMiv)
(15) (5v' (3
(5yM 3z)-(3z15r) -0

o (15x 5v(5v 3 2 ) 3 15x) -0

a b c - b c ca -ab
1
la -b) (b-c)+(c - a) 1
2
15x-5y=0, 5y 3z =

0, 3z -

15x =0
152 5y 3:

I=k, y =3k,z =5k.

So X, v, z are in AP

4. For what values of the parameter a are there real

values of x such that 5+5-, 25*+25 are

three consecutive terms of an AP?
We should have

2(5"+5 )+ (25+25 )

or a= 5(5+5 )+ (5+5 2
5{(53-5 )+25/2.5
+I5-5+2.55
51(5- 5 + 2) + (5 - 5 2+2

a25 2+ 2 12.
 "y "y
d a, be
,, n be iin AP where a,0 and
5. Letd common
difference 0. Show that

Hen, 4 0,
on difteretnce
o m m o n difleren =

a, - a d-0=a
d1 4 , a
LHS

1-2

common diff. =
a +(1 T)a,
= (-3) =
(11 -3) +
a+(-2)a2
= common difference)
1
-3)+ 2
a, =0
+(-2)0
RHS
2 1+(n-2)a,

=(-2)+ - 2 (-3) +1+

=(-3)+
LHS= RHS

6. Prove that (2n)* where n e N can be expressed as thee

sum of n terms of a series of integers in AP while
(2n +1) can be expressed as s, + 1 where s, is the sum
of an AP of n terms.

(21)=4m' =4(1 +3 +5+.. ton terms)

= 4 + 12 + 20+... ton terms,
which is in AP whose common diff. = 8.

(21+1)'=4n+4n+1 =4n( n +1) +1 =8. nn+21

+1
8{1 +2 +3+.. +n +1

= {8+16 +24+. +8n} +1

S +1
of terms of the AP 8, 16, 24, . . . .

where s,, is the sum n

1. Let a azy az an .., be an AP and

kk-1M+1 + k-1M+2 *@k -1)n +3t.. t lkr

Prove that S, S, Sy.. are in AP whose
common difference
=n*x (the common difference of the given AP).
 A-7
AP
Progres:
CSSIO?Is, Related
Inequalities and Series
where a, =
0 and
common
nmon Here St =
a(k -1 1+1 "(k - M 2T

+ 1}d| +
=
la, +(k - 1md] + laj + {(k - 1)n
1)}d),
+la +l(k 1 )n +(n-
-

where d = common diff. of the given AP

na +(k - 1)md n {1 +2 +3 +... +(n -

1)}d
a2-0 =az. +

+ . . +"-1i2
= na
d + (k -1)dn
+
2
n 2
an -1 k1=na + 7-1)n
d+(k +1 - 1)dn2
an
1
Sk+1 S = dn* for all k = 1, 2, 3, ..
Common diff. S2-S =S - S2 = .
=
tn - 1} .' S1, S2, S3, ... are in AP.
+(n- 1)a2 The common difference is dn, i.e., n x d, 1.e.,
+(n- 2)a2 nx tcommon difference of the given AP}.
= Common difference}

8. The sum of terms of

r an AP is denoted by S, and
Sm m
F
S,,
i n d the ratio of the mth term and the nth
n2
term of the AP.

Let the first term the difference

=
a, common =
d
Sm 2a + (m - 1)d

and S, = 12a + (n- 1d1

24 +(1m -1 d
S1 2
e expressed as the
gers in AP while 12a +(- 1d)
here s,, is the sum
m 24+ (171-1)d
or
2a+(1- 1 )d

2a+ (71-1)d and n.

This is an identity in m
or
2a + (11-1 )a
ommon diff. = 8.
1 for m and 2n 1 for n we get
So, putting 2m
-

8
n(1 +1 2a+(277-1-1)d 2m-1
2a + (2n- 1 - 1)d 211 1

4+(7- 1)a
Or
a + ( - 1)d
mth term

or
16, 24, nth term
, . . .

ratio of the GP a, ay,

ay . .
,
ay
be the
common

9. Let r
Show that
1-
1 a,""-""
aa
ven AP.
 M a t h e m a t i C S

-10 Plus in 11IT

Problems

and
14. If a is " = r"
a root of the equation x2- 20x +64 =0 and
e + Icos 6 +cos 0 Icos e l + cos "e+... to -jlog

then find 0e 10g

(0, n). loga
Let Icos =t. Then
Q =et+t+f°+.. to ~)loge 4
= nd
r

el- log4
1 8e4
nlog

t = lcos 0<1 in the interval (0, T)} x=r

1 1 logx bn
e loBe4
-

= 41-t,
But roots of x2 -

20x +64 = 0
or
(x-4)(x 16) =0 are 4, 16.
17.If
-

1
41-t = 4, 42 b
1,2, i.e., t =0,5 HP or4,,Ca
Icos l =
0,5: cos =0,
Here
a c-b
-. ie, a+C bb+
Or
a(c b)
15. Prove that the
natural number 777...7 consisting of
77 sevens is a
composite number divisible by a
or
a +c-b)
multiple of 7.
777...7 7x111...1 or
(a+C-b)-
7x (1076 + 107+10+.. + 10 +1) either a +C
7x20 or c(ab) +a-

107-1 10-1 (1) b=a

=7x 10)"-1, 10-1 b
(10) -1 10-1

= 7x(1+ 10"+ 104+.. + 1070 b

2
x(1+10+10+... 10 )
7
(2) 2ac
x
integer x integer.
Hence the problem.
b
17. If 1.
prove that
c-h0
a,b,c are in
H or a, are in AP

Here - 0
a-b

or +C-b c+a- b
ac-b) c(a- b)-= 0
or
(a+C-b). 1 1
= 0
a(c- b) c(a -b)
or (a+c b) b ) +a(c - b)= 0
adc-b(a - b)
either a +c - b = 0
or
(1)
c(a -b)+a(c b) =0 -

(1) (2)
b=a + Cc

b
Care in AP.
2) 2ac =
bct ab
2ac
b = b is the
AtC HM between a, c

, b, C are in HP.
 o f an AP
16. Given a GP and an AP with positive terms a, a, a 1 )th and (r+ 1))th
terms
of
1)th, (n + t h e ratio
and b, b, b, ba b respectively 18. If the (m +
in HP,
show that
of the AP
are
where the common ratio of the GP1. Prove that are in GP and m, n, r term
difference to the first
there exists a positive real number x such that the common
iog 4 , b , = log, a - b for all n e N. Also find that r.
is
Let the common ratio of the GP be r and the common
n
differenceof the AP be d. As the
progressions have Let the AP be a, a + d, a + 2d,.
positive terms,
Thentn = a + rid, t,, a +nd, t, +1 a ra
a>0,7 >0, a, > 0, b> 0, b,> 0, d > 0 for all
which are in GP
Now ar " and b+na (a+nd) * =(a +
md)(a + rd)
 rgressions Rrlatd Inequ

2m nd (mad md
2 111}ad (97 d

71 17

211 21
m, 1, r arein HP=
11

211 1117)
(11111r)

19. An AP, a GP'and an HP have a and b for their first two

terms, show that their (n + 2)th terms will be in GP if

22 2M *2 n+1
ba(b"-a2"
Clearly, the common ditterence of the AP =b- a,
b
and the
the common ratio of
the GP = common

of the corresponding AP of the

difference

HP
(n + 2 t h term of the AP = tn+ 2 =a + (n + 1)(b - a)
.

(n+2)th term of the GP = th.2 =a |

bM

(n +2 t h term of the HP = t".2

(n+2)th term of the corresponding AP

n+2 are in GP if
Now, ,-2, n+2

( t ' 2 t + 2 * tn,2

a +(n +1)(b-a)

or
b abn +1)b-na
a2 b+ (n + 1 ( a - b)

b21 (n + 1)b -na

or
a (n + 1 )a nb -

or (n +13ab<" *i - nb = (n +1)a* . b -na21+2

or (n +1{ab * - a2 b} =n(b22-a212)
 Progressims, Related
lnequalities and Serics
A-11
d+mrd
Or
(7+1 ab(b 2" -

a 2) n(b 2"
=
+2
a 2/1 2;
+

n1 b2 2 21 2

17
abb2 - a 2

20. If P be
the rth term when n
inserted betweenx and and arithmetic means are

HP n = n
harmonic
y Qbe the rth term when
means are inserted between
m r
x and y then
show that
i s independent of n and r.

Let x, A, Az, Agy.. ,Aw y in AP

be . (1)
and x, H,, H2,
Hy, H, y be in HP .
,
(2)
According to the question, P A,-1 =
and Q =
H,-1
Now, from (1), y (n +2)th
for their first two term =x +(n =
+ 1d
s will be in GP d
if
n+1

P =
Ar-1 =
rth term

P =b- a, =* + (r 1)d =x +(r-1). nY-X

+1
d the common
=1+(r-1 ) . - *1)
AP of the x(n + 1)

Now, from (2), are in

A
+ (n + 1)(b - a)

n1 = (n +2)th term
y
a
+ (n + 1 )d'

1_1
ding AP d'= +1
n +1

= rth term
 P A, and
PARNdIng to the question, = -1

Non, from (1), y = ( n - 2 t h term = x - (n - l1

and an 11P have a and h for their first tvw

hat their tn 2#h serms will he in GP s d
n1

P= A,, =rth term

"j

(-
1d-r -(r- 1).2
i fthe ( - a n d the mmn
the irresprnding A' f 1(r y-
the 1) z(n +1)
-

,
1ofthe A'-1,,.7 - a (n 1b aj
Now, from 2), arein AP
( n 2 th term
ofthe - 1,,. 4

1(n
(n1d
of the 1-1
1 1
n of the (orrenponding AP
n+1

-rth term
( oH
are in GPif

-7-1d (r- 1). n1

4+ (n 1 j(b a) 1

(n+) -(r-1)-1
Ox
1b na 1-
1a -b) Ol+(r- 1).- - r 2-(r- 1)--
x(n +1) x n 1
na

nb
n +1 X n1
h (n+1 2n1, h- na22n+2
=
12= independent of n and r.
2 "b} =n(b22 a212
 A-11

Tngs&ime Rrlsted Imeouaiities dond Ser

(21-(11 rad= ( 7- 11 d
21 71 )
ah

1T71 }
are
arithmetic means
17771 the rth term when n
1
2 1fP be be the rth term
when
e r t e d hetween r and v and )
inserted between r
and y then
h a r m o n i e means are
71, 1, ATe in HN n
how that, iindependentofn and r.
1T
(1
71 Let r A.A, A Avbe in AP

and r,H,, H,, H H. v bein HP (2)

According to the question, P -

A. and O- H,
NOw, from (1), y - ( n 2 t h term - r (rt d
10, An AP, a
GP'and an HT have a and b for their first two
terms, show that their (n 2th terms will be in GP if d-
11
41
bab"-a2" P-A, rth termn
Clearlv, the common ditference of the AP =

b -a,
=r (r-Dd - t (r - 1)
the common ratio of the GT = = and the common

difterence of the corresponding AP of the

- 1(r1) T(M 1)
H (2). , 1
721th term of the AP = t.2 =a + (n +1(b- a)
Now, from (2,H. H
are in AP

( 7 2 th term ot the GP = t -2 =a (b" (n+2)th term

1 + (n + 1 d'
(171 2 Ith term of the HP = ti.2

01 2 th term of the corresponding AP

d'=
n +1

1 1 -= rth term
Q H-1
Now, ,-2, f-2, f-2 are in GPif 11

t'2=t-2 tn.2
- 1 d =(r- n 1 1)

b 1 a + (n +1)(b - a )
1

(+1) -+| -1 n1

b2 abin +1b-na 1-

-r-1)n
Of
b+ (n +1(a - b)
=1+r-1)i1
h 21 (n +1 )b na
-

or
a 2011 (n +1 a - nb

or (n +1 jab*" * - nb = (n + 1 ) a + 1 . b - n a 2

or (n + 1 ){abn * - a 2 'b} = n(b2" + 2 - a 2 *2

=
1+= independent ofn and r
 27.
Show that a (1 +b*)+b°a c)+ca a)26abc.
LHS =(a? +b?+c) (a?b2 b?c2+c'a,
+ +

A 2G
a2 +b2+c2
-2 Va b
3
or
a2b2+c?23ab*
A2G b+b°¢2+ca2-2 a
3 bbccia
or a2b2+b?c2+c?a22 3ab **3
LHS23 fa b *** + a 3b *¢a
23 2 Vaa.b.cabc*, for A 2 G
LHS26vabc =6abc.
 Progressions, Related Ine
24. If x, y, 2 are
positive and r+
y =1, prove
+
2
that

Here

-*y
becauser+ y+z=F1
(y2M2 XMr+ V)
Now, for positive nunmbers A 2 G.

for y, 2 we get

or y+z2 2vyz
... (1)

For z, we get 2 Vzx

or 2+2 2vzr
(2)
For t. y we get ay

or x+y22Nxy (3)
Multiplying (1), (2) and (3) we get

(y+Z)z +X\* +y) 28Vyz zx xy =8xyz

or (y+zz+X\X
xyz
*)2 8, for xyz >0

25. If a> 0, b>0 and a +b=1, show that

12.5.

a+b=1 and a > 0, b>0, we take

a = cos 0, b= sin *0.

Then a ) -
= cos "0+sec "0 +sin "0+ cosec "0+4
=

(cos 'e+sin '8) + (1+tano)+ (1+cote)+4

=
(cos 'e + sin '0) + (tan *0+ cot *e)
+2(tan 0+cot 0) +6 (1)
Now, cos "0 +sin '9 = (cos e +sin e2-2cos sin e

-1-sin2021-1
because the maximum value of sin 2 29 =1
 A-12
Mathenatcs

1'us in 1T terms

21. tlims

ton
Take two 13 + 14
+...

sets
Set cutting Oof 7m and nn+23)
12 +
=

rhombuses those of
n

the
parallel
parallel lines,
u
lines o one
1)= 2
are other. Thus small
/24 +
(-1)
neighbouring
Side. In
formed. Two
rhombuses
of rhombuses if they have a
"
are called
is
ahead
of the first on the
nth a
put such each
traveller

that thethese rhombuses

off) if
AN of
a a er is
The
second
sets

natura
second

the number
written ini a rhombus is the
written (after
the
numbers written
members. Show in all its 3)
rhombuses
There are
are cqual.
that all
the
numbersneighb
uring nn +23)(n +

(i) all two put the 6n + 9)

(i) at
the possilbilities:
numbers
are
least
n + 23n
> 2(n*+

it all the numbers equal

two
or
n - 11n
+
18<0

It at numbers are are different

least two (n-2M-9) <0.
equal, there is or
Stiallest numbers nothing to po e <0
number pnumber.
n-9
are
in it. Select the different, there will the S0
n-2>0
and

As rhombus be
neighbouring rhonmbuses,
one of
the
the AM of with the
p is
the numberssmales or
-2<0
and
n-9> 0
2
(: AM numbers in the
p
must be greater han in
ne
ast (1)
1>2 and n <9

numbers is neighbouring rhombustd.

of two a
one but a, b -
(2)
n<2 and n>9(absurd)
smaller 2which is of the 3rd day t the
other; AM of threebigger than
a, than the Thus, from the beginning
Thus, end of
b, c
is b
second traveller is ahead of the first the
9th day the
well as c, 3 which numbers
etc.). In that cannot be smaller than a, b 3rd, 4th, 5th,
the 3rd.
first
So, the second is ahead of the
on

numbers case p is as
,9th days (after thesecond sets off).
Thus the put in all the not the

Hence, all
rhombuses. least among the
possibility
(ii) is e
the required number of days = 7.

the
numbers areabsurd.
22. A equal.
traveller starts 23. If 0<r<1 and m is a
positive integer, show that
and
travels 1 from a certain 2m +1) " (1-r)<1-r2
days, he travelskm 2on the first dayplace
.

on a
and
certain day
After 3 km more on 1 - 2m+ 1

days, a
place and on hissecond traveller than the subsequent =
1 +r+r'+ +r
first day he sets out previous day.
from the samne
1-r ...

subsequent
days he travels 1travels 12 km and on
previous
day. On how km more
=
(1 +r4") + (7 + r47 ) + .. -

traveller be ahead many days will than the

of
The first the
traveller travels on first?
the second
making pairs of equidistant terms
+(-+r"*) +r ... (1)
km)1,1+ 2,1+2+2,.. different as and the end. from the
After 3 days follows (in beginning
(1 the days first Now, for
+3+5) km, ie., 9km. traveller is unequal positive numbers A
already ahead by > G
tri7 - 1
5 > Vr.2m-T
2
The second -4r m+1
follows: 0,0,0,traveller travels on >
Vrm - .,m+T
After n days from12, 13, 14, different days as 1

the
..

1+r2> 2r", r
distance covered by thedayfirstthe second traveller starts, the +r
2r""
1 +3
=
+5 +
1 +3 +
=
(7+9 +... to n terms) using (1), , '+r " +> 2r"
5 +..
to (11 +3) terms 1-mM1
=
(n 3) 1-r -> (27"+ 2
+

the distance covered . ...

to m
by the second terms) r" +
=(2m +11rm
1- >(2m
+1)" (1 -

r), because 1
r>0
-
 te
We knw A yreateat y
alue
n2An -1) 3n
,) wli
#,Hs , ) (
C s takes ple
nues are all equa Also, find the coe
But 4G
12x 3x
a,)... (s-a,)
2f(s a,MS-
tiere t, rnrr 1 ,
and rth
term ot n, n
', etc. k, h - k, k
a3)... (s 4,)
ls -a, Ms -
Similariv 2 Sum- Lt, :
ive rational numbers such that fk 3k k
these n inequalities,
Multiplving
hat b ab. 2
-
(s ) n+
6 (S -a, M(s a)..
Yand y be k. (7 1) ) times on the (n
-
of s d1, ctc., appear ( 12 2
gers. because each
bers: right-hand side. i.e., a
-
b",b",... kr times ay (7 1)"(s -41 MS -a,)... (s - a,,).
2..
32. Given the a
{h b... k times find the perimeter of
and a> 0, b>0, c>0, the
31. If 2a +b+3c= 1 triangle of the greatest area istriangle, prove that
a
and obtain the equilateral.
+ ky vaiue of bc
greatest Let a, b, c be the sides and a Sum
values of a, b, . +b+c
corresponding =25 (given).
Let the area of the
numbers triangle be . Then
Consider the positive A s(s- a(s - bi(s - c) Now, (1
-

22 5 22: A is the -
1 greatest when (s ans - b\s c) is the
X+ ky greatest, because s is constant. In a triangle, sum of two
As there is a ", take 4 equal parts of 2a; as there is b, sides is greater than the third. So s a, etc., are -
take 2 of b; as there is c,
equal parts take 2 positive.
equal parts A2G
of 3c.)
For the numbers,
- -

(S a)+s- b)+ (s-) c)

- a(s bNs
(1) A ="
2+2 3s-(a + - - -
Ns als bNs C)
4 +2+2 3
2 +b +3c 1
or 3 2(S -aXs - bNs - c )
8 28+b+3e+b+3c =1)
-
-
7S(S aMs b(s c)
if a
,
»de>0 prore that
where s ea - b.c. an r o r that
a, : ai
and 4 numer
- are ponatrae
h ngle s
a'h' tuilateta
33. Sum the
hegreatest value of a' series
9
When the equality holds, the yreatest value takes place
We know A G when the
G--,N**
numbers are all Aiso, find the coetfieient ot
equal.
b
Bt A 2 Fiure t. - rm becaxS
2 6 - N s - 4 6 - a
andrth erm of 1.1 ,
33
etc
tc. r
is-4,N-45). (-4, 3k, h =3k,k
are positive rational numbes such that
Sumilarls
21 3c = I 6 k 3 k 3k
n inegualithes
en prove that 2 ab. Multipiving these
minatorsr and v
-4,M(s
-4:1S-4,) 2
be k (-
-
ositive integers (7 i} times on the
etc, appear
tive numbers because each of s-4,
right-hand side
imes and h",b* kx times -

i.
1)" (5 -4,NS - 4:) (5 a,.
eTS, 4 4 2(m-
y times - i - t ia
times 32. Given the perimeter of a triangle, prove that the
k- ky 31. If 2-b-Sc=1 and a>0, b>0, c>0, find the
triangle of the greatest area is equilateral.
yaxh greatest vaiue of abc* and obtain the
coresponding values of a, b, c. Let a, b, be thesides and a + b+c =2s (given)
X+V
Consider the positive numbers Let the area of the triangle be . Then
times) Now, 2 -Ar
s(s as-bMs -c)
x tiines } *2 ky
is the greatest when (s - a s - b(> - c) is the
As there is a", take 4 because s is constant. In a triangle, sum of two
x. ky equal parts of 2a; as there is b, greatest,
sides is greater than the third. Sos -a, etc., are positive t
take 2 equal of t, as there
parts is c, take 2 equal parts coetticient et
of3c A2G
For the numbers,
- 20 S-0) +(S-b) +(s - c) V(s-aN$ - b)0% - C) trom(1)
(ab) " * 20
(1)
20 b 3 3
422 sum of r consecutive
3 34. Prove that the products vf
2b-3 from the first n natural
at a time, taking
integers
2ab+3c-1) O
(S a s b ) ( + 1)!
-

ab numbers n> T) 1s
G=
2a2 equa(r+1) (n r)
44 2ab
44
b3 3 .1)
s(s ads bs-¢) ktk Mk +2).. (k+r-1)
22 2 2 Lett
 A-14
9
1
+ S- b
+
28. If a> 0, b> 0, c>0 provethat S -a
where s =
a +b+C.
have
ror three positive numbers x, y, 2 we
+2 1 and A > H.
A Y ,H
3 1 +
1
Z
3
Here s a , s - b, s - c are positive.
S-a +S - b+S-C 1
3 1
+
1
+
1
s -as-b s-C
3
3s- (a +b+c) 3
or
3 1 1 1
S aS -
-b s C
or
25
3 i
3
1 1
S a S -
b S
1 1 1
or 9
S- b S C 2s
 and
30. 1f a, >
0; i - 1, 2, 3, .. n
provethat
(77 1 )s= a2
t
d3 t... +a

2 2 -1)" (s - a)(s - 1,).. (s- an).

an)
numbers:
Onsider the (n - 1 ) positive

S , S-3,. , S-An

For these numbers,

(S-a2) + (s - a3) +... +(s - an)

n - 1

1)s - (C2 + a 3 + . + a , ) a1
a1
n - 1 n - 1

1
G {(s - az)(s - a3)... (s- an)"
-

But A G
a1 1
n-1 1(Sa2)S -a3) (s - a.)}
-

...

1
a2
Similarly, 2{(s -a,)(s - a3)... (s -a,)}", etc.
n-1

Multiplying these inequalities, n

a A2' ... an
2 (s
(-1" a,(s a2)... (s -

a,)
because each of s a , etc., appear (n -

1) times on the
thne
right-hand side.
a 2 a2 (n 1)"
. . -

(s- u}{s -

a-).s -a,
 such hat
tlde

0, , are positive rational numbers

4, y

1,1.
=1 then prove that 2 ab.

Let LCM of denominators r and y be k.

Then kx, ky
positive integers.
are

Consider the positive numbers:

a ' , a , ..ky times and b , b , ... kx times
For all these numbers,
A1aa ky times) +{b +b+ .. kx times
kx+ ky

kya+kxbya*+xb
kx + ky
X+y
G =
{(a" a . . ky times)
1
x
(b.b.. kx times)} *x+ ky

=
{(a *) y (b") kx
.

kx +ky
kxy Xy
*
=
(ab) ky =
(ab) *
-y

But A2 G »
ya +xb 2 (ab) * +y

X+y .(1)

As =1, -1, i.e., x+y =ry.

(1) becomes +rh

ab
Problems Plus in lUT Mathenatics
1 9
S- C 2s or 2ah.

and
30. If a;> 0;i= 1, 2, 3, . .
n

(1-1)s=a ta +
a; prove that

a(n1) (s , Xs

Consider the(n 1) posit1ve numbers

, S ,-
For these numbers,

(s-4)+s -4y) 54)

A
n-1

(1-11s-( 4
n-1

G= (s-
:NS -)5-
But 4G
 Prigreesons, Related Ini

3
AG
8

1,a'h?
8 2

or
3 2ab 2
38
or
1 2ab2
9.48

1
So the greatest value of a *b¢2=
9.48

When the equality holds, the greatest value takes place.

We knowA = G when the numbers are all equal,

a =b = 3c
ie, 4 2 7

a 3 k , b = 3k, c = k

2n+b +3c = 1 6k+ 3k +3k 1

k12

1.e., a-h -
 Yercises
1ut A . hen hre hat .
h e ttm of thrss mums hih art ctertfr
2 th he umherk2 of AP 1nd Hs dm af Hhir euhea in
e be r
Find the numbers
, Ar9 in AP pve that
, t, d.
h m that ther (An e infinite msmiser f epte f fonst
datinrt real rumheT in A w hieh are uch
that the tf
guar the lazt term is equal o the um of the
g a r e ot the firat thre termE (iR
5. g log. og., 1 are in Al where 1 and 1 ie
previded -0 for all
poative pnmethat n- tn Vd.,
19. If d. 4, d, , are in A. prove that
t log2 log2) and log, 2 are in AP. find
the value of a
Each of two triplet of numbers log a, logb. log e and
iog a-log 2h log 2- log 3 log - log a is in AP L.L.1
Prove that a, b, can be the lengths of the sides of a
20. It 4, 4, 4, a, be in AP, show tnat
triangie Also firnd a b
6. Find three-digit numbers that are divisible by 5 as
well as 9 and whuc conserutive digits are in AP
2n 1
(4in)
91000' is divisible by 10. Find the largest positive 21. If the nonzero numbers A, 2, #y are in AP
integral value of
prove that
10. Find tlhe number of common terms in the
following
sequences:
) 3, 7, 11,. to 100 terms and 2, 5, 8, ... to 100 -24 -1
terms.
() 1,5,9,.. to 100 terms and 4, 7, 10,... to 60 terms 24 -a,) 4,4 -14
11. Find four numbers in AP whose sum is 50 and in 22. If a, b, e are in AP prove that
which the greatest number is tour times the least. () b+ c,ca, a + bare alsoin AP
12. The sum of four whole numbers in APis 24 and their (11) a(b c), b i(c + a), c La + b) are also in AP
product is 945, find the numbers.
23. If a , b,c* are in AP, prove that
13. Divide 20 in four parts which are in AP such that the
product ot the first and the fourth is to the product are also in AP
of thesecond and the third = 2:3.
14. There are two sets of numbers, each having 3 terms a r e also in AP
in AP and the sum of each set is 15. The common
difference of the first set is greater by 1 than the 24. If x, y, z are in Al, prove that
common difference of the second set and the
will be in AP
product of the first set is to the product of the second Vy +Vz +Vr Vr +VNy
set as 7 to 8. Find the numbers.
25. If S, =uni +bn, verity that the series S
15. Find four numbers between 4 and 40 so that the six
numbers are consecutive terms of an AP arithmetic where s,, = 2 t
16. The sum of three numbers which are consecutive
terms of an AP is 2 and the sum of their squares is 26. If S, = an* + bn +c where ce0 and s, denotes the
sum to n terms of a series, verity whether the series
ind the numbers.
9 is arithmetic.
 Mathemats

in
177
Piue

L-om+P)
P'rrblrme

(171+M
are
the sumns
of erms o,
p terms
S,,S2,S, are , 2,
first
ir
arithi 1 find
i 44. If series
whose

10) to 55) which arithmetic

differences
es are , 3, .
the aum nt all numbere from whose
c o m m o n

3, 5"
and
P i the am all meiive intrgrrs less than 210 then prove
that S,= np +1).
that a respectively

dirieihle by 3 and 5 of (21

+ 1) terms ofan
an AP and
Ar

sum
be the
(1 diihle y 3bnt not by 5 45. If S,
of its odd
terms
then prove that S,b
(11 div1ible by 3 or 5 the sum

S2+
d he sum of all
natural numlers n E , n+1

id
that
an neither divisible by
the sum of all
4 nor by 6
2
AP of odd
number of terms,c.the sum of
tho

3-digit natural numbers whicn 46. If for an

all
d of the torm 3m 42. me N, ie., leaves
istimes the sum
of the terms in odd
the terms
emainder 2 when divided by 3 terms in thee AP.
32. Sum the find the number of
semes to places then
n
terms in an AP is even. Tho.
47. The number of terms Sum of
1111-1- terms is 24 while that oof the even
tern is
the odd 30,
If the last term exceeds the first by 10.5 then find the
t1oM many terms of 1 3+ 5+7 amount O
1234321 number of terms.
34. What ofn terms of two
is the maximum ratio of the sums
APs i
sum of the series 48.The
(3n 13): (5n +21). Find the ratio of the 24th erms

35. Find
20-1918. of the two progressions.
the sum of the first 19 terms of the AP the sum to n terme.
4 9 . Find the AP in which the ratio of
a1, 2, as if it is known to
36. Find
that a t4_ + A12 +Q19 224 the sum of succeedingn terms is independent of n
the sum of the first hundred numbers 50. If x, 2x +2, 3x +3 are the first three terms of
appearing in both the
progressions 17, 21, 25, and find the fifth term of the sequence.
a GP
16, 21, 26, ... ...

37. If in 51. In 27 and ty

an AP, S, =
Sq then prove that
a GP, t = =
729. find tn where t, denotes
S denotes the sum of the first
Sp+g=0 where the nth term.
n terms.
38. If in an AP, S, =
a, Sa =
b and S,
52.
In a GP, tp+q =a and tp-q =
b. Prove that
t =
Vab.
=c then prove that 53. If the pth, qth and rth terms of a GP are

where S,,
9-)r-P)+(p -9) =0 =
sum to
x, y and z then prove that x9-
y-P .zP-9
respectively
=
1.
the first n terms. 54. If be the first term, b be the nth
a
39. If a, term and P be the
a2, a3 an are in product of n terms of a GP then
a1
, .

AP and S, denotes prove that

+
42 +
a3 t ... +
, then prove that S3n =
p2= (ab) ".
3(S2nn). 55. If a, b, c are in GP,
40. If in an AP, prove that
tm=and = then prove that
Smn (mn
1) where t, denotes the +
rth term and
M

56. If a, (a-bb+c)=(b2-ca+b).
b, c,
then d are in GP
that
S, denotes the sum to the first r ) prove
terms. (b-c)+ (¢ a)b)2 (a d)2
-

+ (d -

=
41. In an AP whose first (i)
-

term is a, if the sum a + b, b+

p terms is zero, show that the sum
of the first
of the next q terms (ii) a(b c)'
c,c+dare in GP
-

is p+4 d(a b)* = -

(iv) ax3+bx2 +
p-1 cx + d
42. In
57. Prove has a factor ax* + c.
that
an AP of natural a, b,
the sum of the first 9 numbers, c, d are in GP
terms is
greater than 200 but less than 220. Find the
progression if the second term is 12.
a+b+c~,
58. Let
ab
bc +cd, b2 +c2+d2
+

43. If in an AP, the sum of m

a, a2, d3y
r. Show that
.
,a, be in GP whose are in GP
terms is
the next terms as well as the
n
equal to the sum of common ratio
sum of the next n-1
terms then prove that p

k 1-r2(n -1)
a-a.1 a?.r2n
-2). (1-r2)2
 'ngressionns, Related lnequalitics and Series A-25

59. Does there exist a GP containing 27, 8 and 12 as three 74. Find the sum to 2n terms of the series whose every
of its terms? If it exists, how many such progressions even term is a times the term before it and every odd
are possible? term is c times the term before it, the first term being
60. Prove that no GI can have three of its terms (not
unity
necessarily consecutive) as three consecutive 75. If 1+3 +9+27+ ton termsexceeds 1000,find the
nonzero integers,
minimum value of n.
61. The product of three numbers in GP is 216 and their 76. It i s k n o w n b y F e m a t ' s t h e o r e m t h a t n - n= M(p) = a

sum is 19. Find the numbers.

multiple of p, if p is a prime number and n is prime
62. Divide 63 into three parts that are in GP and the to p. It n is a prime number which divides neither a,
product of the first and the second part is times of b nor a + b, prove that

the third part.

a"2.b-an-3.h2+a".b +ab"
=1 + (a multiple ofn).
63. The first term of a GP is unity. For what value of the
common ratio of the progression the sum of 4 times . Find the sum of the proper divisors of the following'
the second term and 5 times the third term will be (i) 20 57.11 i)6 10. 15
minimum?
where a, b, c are positive integers.
78. Find the sum
ofall the proper divisors of 36" 10
64. For the series Ety, S = X n =2 - 1. ls the series that are divisible
by 5 where m, n are positive
integers.
geometric? If so, find the sum to n terms of the
9. There are twos, threes and fives each being 8 in
series. number. Find the sum of the products of these
65. If S, S2, S3 are the sums to n, 211, 3n terms numbers taking at least one 2,3 and 5.
respectively for a GP then prove that 80. The sum of an infinite GP is 32 and the sum of the
first two terms is 24; find the series.
S, S2-5,, S3 -Szarein GP
1. Prove that in an infinite GP whose common ratio r has
G) s+5=S,(5, +S3) its absolute value less than 1, the ratio of any term to
66. Ifthe sum of n terms of a GP is S, their product is P
and the sum of their reciprocals is R then prove that the sum of all the succeeding terms is
p= (5/R)" 82. The first term of an infinitely decreasing GP is unity
and its sum is S. Find the sum of the squares of the
67. Find E if up =

terms of the progression.

n =0

68. Prove that

33. u + u2 t u3 t . . is a geometric series and 2 uj =3
(666.. to n digits)+ (888 ... to n digits)
i=1
=
(444... to 2n digits).
69. Prove that each number is the square of an odd while uf =3. Find
i=1
integer in the sequence 49, 4489, 444889,... in which
every number is made by inserting 48 in the middle 84: The sum of an infinite GP is 2 and sum of the cubes
of the previous nunmber as indicated. of the terms of the GP is 24. Find the series.

70. In a GP the third term exceeds the second by 6 and
the second term exceeds the first by 9. Find the sum
of the first 10 terms.
1 . a,zydzy .. are in GP. It a,n>am when n>m and
n
85. The ratio of the sum of the cubes of the decreasing
terms of an infinite GP to the sum of the squares of
the terms ofthe GP is 12:13. Find the progression if
4
the sum of the first two terms is

a tan= 66 while a, a-1

=
128 and 2 a; =126,find 86. If S, =1+r"+r4" + r 3" +... to o

= 1
ands,=1-r"+ r2M- 37+ .. to oo
the value of n.
thenprove that S, + S= 2S2
72. The sum of the first three terms ofa GPis 13 and the
sum of their squares is 91. Find the common ratio of
87. Ifx = E a", y = 2 b" where lal <1, 1bl<1
the GP of real terms. n =0 n=0
73. Express the ratio of the sum of the squares of the then prove that
odd number of terms of a GP to the sum of those
terms as a polynomial of the common ratio of the (ab)" XY_
X+y-1
GP n = 0