Chemical Processes
Module 02
1
Learning Outcomes
q Integrate understanding and appreciation of ChemE as a discipline
and a profession, in synergistic relation with other engineering
specializations
q Engage with the basic paradigms and thought frameworks of
ChemE
2
Chemical Process Industries
• Recall: different manufacturing processes
3
Chemical Process Industries
• Why process?
• Make product with desired function
4
Chemical Process Industries
• Why process?
• Convert waste material to useful products
5
Chemical Process Industries
• Why process?
• Improve performance of natural materials
6
Chemical Process Industries
• Why process?
• Convert materials to energy
7
Chemical Process Industries
• Chemical process
• Convert raw materials into needed products by changing the chemical and/or
physical properties of the materials
• Combination of steps in which materials are converted into desired products
using equipment and conditions that facilitate the conversion.
8
Chemical Process Industries
• Chemical process
• Convert raw materials into needed products by changing the chemical and/or
physical properties of the materials
• Combination of steps in which materials are converted into desired products
using equipment and conditions that facilitate the conversion.
9
Chemical Process Industries
• Chemical process
• Ex. Compare the lab-scale process with the industrial process
• [Link]
10
Chemical Process Industries
• Raw materials
11
Chemical Process Industries
• Raw materials
12
Process Diagrams
• Block Flow Diagrams (BFD)
13
Process Diagrams
• Process Flowsheet / Flow Diagrams (PFD)
14
Process Diagrams
• Piping and Instrumentation Diagram (P&ID)
15
Process Diagrams
• Ex. Draw the BFD, then the PFD of the gelatin-making process
16
Unit Operations
“Any chemical process, on
whatever scale conducted,
may be resolved into a
coordinate series of what
may be termed “Unit
Operations" ... The number
of these basic operations is
not large and relatively few
of them are involved in any
particular process.”
(Brown, et al., 1950)
Encyclopedia of ChE
Equipment:
[Link]
edu/
Arthur D. Little
17
Unit Operations
• General Classifications
• Heat Transfer
Heat Condensers Evaporators
Exchangers
Dryers Cooling
Towers 18
Unit Operations
• General Classifications
• Mass Transfer (Separation Processes)
Distillation Extraction Absorption
Crystallization Reverse
Osmosis 19
Unit Operations
• General Classifications
• Mechanical Operations
Filtration Sedimentation Crushing
Cyclones Mixing
20
Unit Operations
• General Classifications
• Transport and Storage
Pumps Compressors Conveyors
Tanks Turbines
21
Unit Operations
• General Classifications
• Reactors
Stirred Tank Tubular Fluidized Bed
Packed Bed Fuel Cells
22
Unit Operations
23
Unit Operations
• Ex. Classify the organs into unit operations
24
The Future of CPI
25
Classwork 02
• (By term project group) Conduct research into your chosen industry:
ü Begin by sketching a Block Flow Diagram (BFD) and a Process Flow Diagram
(PFD) for your industry.
ü Identify and list at least five unit operations from these diagrams.
ü For each unit operation, determine its purpose and function within your
chosen industry.
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