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Quiz 2 Solutions 1 - sdfsdf

BS Civil Engineering (Batangas State University)

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Republic of the Philippines

BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
Alangilan Campus
Golden Country Homes, Alangilan Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines 4200
Tel Nos.: (+63 43) 425-0139 local 2121 / 2221
E-mail Address: ceafa@g.batstate-u.edu.ph | Website Address: http://www.batstate-u.edu.ph

College of Engineering – Civil Engineering Department

QUIZ NO. 2 – SET A

CE 420 – CE Practice with Comprehensive Examination
Second Semester, AY 2022 –2023

CODE NAME: ________________________ SECTION: _______________

GENERAL DIRECTION: Shade the letter of your answer on the answer

sheet provided. Use black pen for shading.

I. Applied Mathematics, Surveying, Principles of Transportation

and Highway Engineering, Construction Management and Methods
Differential and Integral Calculus; Differential Equations

1. If the x-intercept of the tangent to the curve y = e -x is

increasing at a rate of 4 units per second, find the rate of
change of the y-intercept when the x-intercept is 6 units.
a. -0.135 units/s b. 0.149 units/s
c. 0.135 units/s d. -0.194 units/s
Solution:
Differentiate the function with respect to x.

y = e-x → dy/dx = -e-x

The equation of the tangent line at point (xo, e-xo) is:

y – yo = m(x – xo) → y - e-xo = -e-xo(x – xo)

The x-intercept of the tangent line is:

0 - e-xo = -e-xo(a – xo)

a = xo + 1

Differentiate the expression for x-intercept with

respect to time.

da/dt = dxo/dt = 4

The y-intercept of the tangent line is:

b - e-xo = -e-xo(0 – xo)

b = e-xoxo + e-xo → b = e-xo(xo + 1)

Differentiate the expression for y-intercept with
respect to time.

db/dt = e-xo dxo/dt - e-xo(xo + 1)dxo/dt

At a = 6 units, xo = 5 units

db/dt = e-5 (4) - e-5(5 + 1)(4) = -0.135 units/s

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2. The differential equation is shown below. If y = 2 when x = 1,

determine the value of y when x = 0.75.

a. 2.24 b. 2.42
c. 3.13 d. 3.31
Solution:
The DE can be written as:

3xydy + (x2 + y2)dy = 0

Determine whether the DE is homogenous or not.

f(x,y) = 3xy + x2 +y2

f(kx,ky) = 3(kx)(ky) + (kx)2 + (ky)2

= k2(3xy + x2 + y2)
= k2[f(x,y)]

Hence the DE is homogenous with a degree of 2.

Let y = ux and differentiate:

dy = udx + xdu

Substitute y and dy into the DE:

3x(ux)(udx + xdu) + [x2 + (ux)2]dx = 0

Simplify the DE:

Integrate both sides to get the general solution.

Substituting u = y/x gives:

When x = 1 and y = 2, C = 1.062455004, hence when x =

0.75, y = 2.24

3. Calculate the exact perimeter of an ellipse with an

eccentricity of 2/3 and a distance of 9√2 between its
directrices.

a. 47.02 units b. 23.54 units

c. 23.39 units d. 46.77 units

Solution:

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The exact perimeter of an ellipse can be calculated by

an ellipse integral.

e = 2/3

distance between directrices = 2d, d = 9√2/2

d = a/e; a = (9√2/2)(2/3) = 3√2

P = 23.39 units

4. Find the volume of the solid when the area bounded by curves:
y = 6x – x2 and y = x2 – 2x is revolved about the line x = 6.
a. 80π/3 cu. units b. 64/3 cu. units
c. 3072π/5 cu. units d. 512π/3 cu. units
Solution:
The intersection of the two curves are:

y2 = y1;(6x – x2)=(x2 – 2x); x = 0,4

H = y1 – y2 =(6x – x2)-(x2 – 2x)

R = 6 – x

dV = 2πRHdr → V =

V = 512π/3 cu. units

5. Obtain the general solution of the differential equation

below:

a. b.
c. d.

Solution:
Simplify the expression:

6. Evaluate the following integral:

a. b.
c. d.

Solution:
Use substitution:

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u = sin(x)
du = cos(x)dx

7. The centroid of the area bounded by 16y = x2, the line x = b

and the x-axis is 11.25 units from the y-axis. Find b.

a. 2√3 b. 15
c. 12 d. 24
Solution:
The abscissa of the centroid is 11.25 units. The
centroid’s abscissa is computed as:

y = x2/16, x = b

b = 4/3(11.25)
b = 15

8. Let c and d be positive numbers such that cd = 10. Calculate

the minimum value of c2 + 4d.

a. 20.894 b.
c. 22.104 d. 24.000

Solution:
Let P be the expression to be minimized.
Express d in terms of c in P.
P = c2 + 4d = c2 + 4(10/c)
Differentiate P with respect to c.
dP/dc = 2c – 40/c2
0 = 2c – 40/c2
c = 3√20
Determine the second derivative of P and evaluate:
d2P/dc2 = 2 + 80/c3, at c = c = 3√20
d2P/dc2 = 2 + 80/(√20)3 = 6 > 0, hence c gives minimum
value.
P = c2 + 4d = c2 + 4(10/c)
P = (√20)2 + 4(10/√20)
P = 22.104

9. Calculate the second derivative of etan x

at x = 0.
a. 0 b. 1
c. 6 d. 3
Solution:
First derivative.

Second derivative.

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At x = 0:

10. It is known that f(2) = 4. Evaluate f(0) if f(x) is defined

as:

a. 0 b. 6
c. 8 d. 2

Solution:
Evaluate the indefinite integral.

11. A tank in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped 6ft deep,

4ft wide and 12ft long is full of oil weighing 50lb/ft 3. When 1/3
of the work necessary to pump all the oil to the top of tank has
been done, find by how much the surface of the oil has lowered.
a. 3.46ft b. 6.93ft
c. 2.20ft d. 4.90ft

Solution:
The necessary work to pump all oil to the top is given
by:

The amount of work used to pump oil:

W/3 = 14,400 lb-ft

Therefore, Δh = 6 – 2.5359ft = 3.464 ft

12. If the following limit:

exist for a certain value of a, calculate the limit.

a. 0 b. +∞
c. -1 d. -2

Solution:
Evaluate at x = 0.

By L’hospital’s rule, the adjusted limit is given by:

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The limit will not exist if 2 + a = 0. Therefore a =

-2. Since the limit will be indeterminate again, adjust
the limit by:

Apply L’hospital’s rule again.

13. A highway section with minimum vehicle’s speed of 30 kph has

the following flow (q) and density (k) relationship:
q = 50k – 0.156k2
Find the density when the highway is at one-quarter of its
capacity.
a. 30.90 veh/hr b. 299.04 veh/hr
c. 21.47 veh/hr d. 289.61 veh/hr

Solution:
Differentiate the flow rate with respect to its density
and equate to zero to find the critical point.

dq/dk = 50 – 2(0.156k) = 0
k = 160.2564

Determine the second derivative of q with respect to k:

d2q/dk2 = -0.312 < 0, k will maximize q

qmax = 50(160.2564) – 0.156(160.2564)2 = 4006.410 veh/hr

The density at ¼ capacity is:

4006.410/4 = 50k – 0.156k2, k = 21.47 and 299.04

The speed can be calculated by: u = q/k

For k = 299.04, u = 3.35 kph < 30 kph

For k = 21.47, u = 46.65 kph > 30 kph, hence:

k = 21.47 veh/hr

14. Find the area of the surface generated by revolving about the
x-axis the parametrically defined curve x = t3 – 3t, y = 3t2 from
t = 0 to t = 1.
a. 48π/5 b. 7π/4
c. 11π/2 d. 3π/2

Solution:

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The surface area is given by the integral:

dy/dt = 6t
dx/dt = 3t2 - 3

SA = 48π/5

15. Find the average ordinate of the curve y = x 2 from x = 0 to x

= 6 with respect to x.
a. 18 b. 4
c. 3.5 d. 12

Solution:
The average value of a function is given by the
integral:

16. A cellphone battery manufacturer knows that the battery

lifetime is normally distributed for large quantities with an
average lifetime (μ) of 500 days and standard deviation (σ) of 61
days. What percent of a large stock of batteries will have a
lifetime of more than 561 days?
Hint: Use the integral of a normal Gaussian distribution.

a. 21% b. 25%
c. 34% d. 16%

Solution:
The average value of a function is given by the
integral:
μ = 500 days
σ = 61 days
x2 = 561 days
x1 = 500 days
z = (x – μ)/σ, hence z1 = 0 and z2 = 1

17. A farmer has enough money to build only 100 meters of fence.
What are the dimensions of the field so he can enclose the
maximum area?
a. 25m x 25m b. 20m x 30m
c. 15m x 35m d. 22.5m x 27.5m
Solution:
Let the dimensions of the field be x and y.
The perimeter can be expressed as 2x + 2y = 100, hence
y = 50 – x
A = xy = x(50 – x) = 50x – x2
dA/dx = 50 – 2x = 0
x = 25, y = 25, hence D = 25m x 25m

18. Find the minimum amount of tin sheet that can be made into a
closed cylinder having a volume of 108 in3?
a. 125.50 in2 b. 129.50 in2

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c. 123.50 in2 d. 127.50 in2

Solution:
Let the dimensions of the cylinder be h and r.
V = πr2h, h = 108/πr2
Area = 2πrh + 2πr2
Substitute:
A = 2πr(108/πr2) + 2πr2
dA/dr = -216/r2 + 4πr = 0, r = 2.58in, h = 5.164 in
A = 125.53 in2

19. Evaluate the integral shown:

a. 2/5 b. 1/6
c. 1/3 d. 2/3
20. Find the length of an arc of a parabola x 2 = 4y from x = -2
to x = 2.
a. 4.2 b. 4.9
c. 4.6 d. 5.2
Solution:

Since the curve is symmetrical:

21. The area enclosed by an ellipse with an equation x2/9 + y2/4

= 1 is revolved about the line x = 3. Calculate the generated
volume.
a. 355.3 b. 370.3
c. 360.1 d. 365.1
Solution:
By inspection: a = 3 and b = 2
A = πab = 6π
V = A * 2πd = 6π(2π)(3) = 355.3
22. The equation y2 = cx is a general solution of:
a. y’ = 2y/x b. y’ = y/2x
c. y’ = 2x/y d. y’ = x/2y
Solution:
c = y2/x
Differentiate:

23. If dy = x2dx, what is the equation of y in terms of x if the

curve passes through (1,1)?
a. x2 – 3y + 3 b. x3 + 3y2 + 2
3
c. x – 3y + 2 d. 2y + x3 + 2
Solution:
Integrate:
y = x3/3 + C
at x = 1; y = 1
C = 2/3
Thus, the solution is:
y = x3/3 + 2/3 ; x3 – 3y + 2 = 0
24. A nominal interest of 3% compounded continuously is given on
the account. What is the accumulated amount of 10,000 after 10
years? Hint: Use first order DE.

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a. 13,620.10 b. 13,650.20
c. 13,500.10 d. 13,498.60
Solution:
dP/dt = 0.03P, integrate:
ln P = 0.03t + C
When t = 0, P = 10,000, hence C = 9.21
When t = 10 years, P = 13,498.60

25. A tank initially holds 100 gallons of salt solution in which

50 lbs of salt has been dissolved. A pipe fills the tank with
brine at a rate of 3 gpm (containing 2 lbs of dissolved salt per
gallon). Assuming that the mixture is kept uniform by stirring, a
drain pipe draws out of the tank the mixture at 2 gpm. Find the
amount of salt in the tank at the end of 30 minutes. Hint: Use
first order DE.
a. 171.24 lbs b. 143.25 lbs
c. 105.12 lbs d. 124.11 lbs
Solution:
Let Q = amount of salt in mixture
V(t) = 100 + (3-2)t = 100 + t (Volume at time t)
Concentrations = Q/V = Q/(100 + t)
dQ/dt = rate of gain – rate of loss
dQ/dt = (3gpm)(2lbs) – (2gpm)[Q/(100 + t)]

Hence:(i.f. = integrating factor)

Integrating factor = where:

P(t) = 2/(100 + t)
A(t) = 6

Substitute:

When t = 0; Q = 50, C = -1.5 x 106

When t = 30; Q = 171.24 lbs
26. Find the differential equations of the family of lines
passing through the origin.
a. ydx – xdy = 0 b. xdy – ydx = 0
c. ydx + xdy = 0 d. xdx + ydy = 0
Solution:
m = y/x; where m = constant
Differentiate:

27. Find the differential equations of the family of parabolas

having vertices at origin and foci on the x-axis.
a. 2xdy - ydx = 0 b. 2ydx - xdy = 0
c. xdy + ydx = 0 d. dy/dx - x = 0

Solution:
For a parabola with vertex at (0,0) and foci at x-axis:
y2 = 4ax; 4a = y2/x
Differentiate:

28. Find the differential equations of the family of circles

having their centers on the y-axis.
a. (y”)3 – xy” + y’ = 0 b. xy” – (y’)3 = 0

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c. y” -xyy’ = 0 d. (y’)3 + (y”)2 + xy = 0

Solution:
For the given family of circles:
x2 + (y-k)2 = r2
Differentiate:
2x + 2(y-k)y’ = 0
x + yy’ – ky’ = 0
k = x/y’ + y
Differentiate:

29. A reservoir has an outlet through a rectangular suppressed

weir with a crest length of 1 meter. If its horizontal cross-
sectional area is constant at 1120 sq.m, how long will it take to
lower the reservoir level from E.L. 5.00m to E.L. 4.80m if the
crest is at E.L. 4.50m? Hint: Utilize the Francis formula for
rectangular suppressed weir. Qw = 1.84LH3/2
a. 502s b. 520s
c. 250s d. 205s
Solution:
For an unsteady flow in weirs, it follows the integral:

For Francis formula for Q:

30. Evaluate the following limit:

a. 0 b. -2
c. 1 d. π
Solution:
Upon evaluating at w = π:

Apply L’hospital’s rule:

Apply L’hospital’s rule:

31. Let f(θ) = θhacoversine(θ). Evaluate f”(π/7).

Hint: havercosine = (1-sinθ)/2
a. 0.127 b. -0.047
c. 0.000 d. -0.804

Solution:
Thus:

32. The cross-section of a trough is a parabolic segment 7m wide

and 5ft deep. If it is filled with an oil weighing 8.79kN/m3,
find the total force on one end.
a. 683.67 b. 38.11
c. 410.20 d. 77.78
Solution:

x x
y=1.524
dy
y y=(762/6125)x2
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For a parabola:
y = kx2
5ft = 1.524m
1.524 = k(7/2)2 ; k = 762/6125, thus the curve is:
y = (762/6125)x2, hence the area is bounded by curves:
y = (762/6125)x2 and y = 1.524
Note that P = γH, hence P at any point y can be
calculated:
P = 8.79(1.524 – y)
The differential force is given by:
dF = PdA = 8.79(1.524 – y)(2xdy)

Summing up the differential forces from y = 0 to y =

1.524:

33. The particle starting from rest moves in the space from t = 0
to t = 7 seconds. Its motion follows an acceleration-time
relationship as shown:
ax = 1.1t – 2t2 ; ay = 5 – 2.4t ; az = 4cos(t/3)\
where ax, ay and az are in m/s2. Calculate the distance travelled
after 6.5 seconds.
a. 247.20m b. 253.51m
c. 255.79m d. 267.83m
Solution:
Note: a = dV/dt = d2/dt2 = second derivative
L = integral of the sum of [(d/dt)2]1/2
Hence:

34. A box is to be constructed from a 20sq.in zinc by cutting

equal squares from each corner and turning the zinc to form the
side. What is the largest possible volume of the box?
a. 599.95in3 b. 579.50in3
3
c. 592.59in d. 622.49in3
Solution:
h = x (height of box)
l = 20-2x
w = 20-2x
V = x(20-2x)2 = 400x – 80x2 + 4x3
dV/dx = 400 – 160x + 12x2 = 0
x = 10, 3.33, use 3.33in
V = 3.33(20-6.66)2 = 592.59in3

35. The cost C of a product is a function of quantity x of the

product: C(x) = x2 – 4000x + 50. Find the quantity for minimum
cost.
a. 1000 b. 2000
c. 1500 d. 3000
Solution:

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dC/dx = 2x – 4000 = 0; x = 2000

36. A fencing is limited to 20 ft length. What is the maximum
rectangular area that can be fenced in to perpendicular corner
sides of an existing wall?
a. 120 b. 100
c. 190 d. 140
Solution:
x + y = 20 ; y = 20 – x
A = xy
A = x(20 – x)
dA/dx = 20 – 2x = 0
x = 10, y = 10, A = 100
37. Water is pouring into a pool. After t hours, there are t +
t0.5 gallons in the pool. At what rate is the water pouring at t =
9hrs?
a. 7/6gph b. 6/5gph
c. 8/7gph d. 5/4gph
Solution:
Let Q = t + t0.5
dQ/dt = 1 + 0.5t-0.5, at t = 9 hrs:
dQ/dt = 1 + 0.5(9)-0.5 = 7/6
38. Radium decomposes at a rate proportional to the amount at any
instant. In 100 years, 100 mg of radium decomposes to 96 mg. How
many mg will be left after 100 years.
a. 88.60 b. 95.32
c. 90.72 d. 92.16
Solution:
Let Q be the amount of substance present.
dQ/dt = kQ
dQ/Q = kdt – integrate
ln Q = kt + C, at t = 0, Q = 100
ln 100 = k(0) + C, C = 4.605
At t = 100, Q = 96
ln 96 = k(100) + 4.605, k = -0.0004082
At t = 200, Q = ?
ln Q = -0.0004082(200) + 4.605
Q = 92.16 mg
39. The population of a country doubles in 50 yrs. How many years
will it be five times as much? Assume that the rate of increase
is proportional to the number of inhabitants.
a. 100 yrs b. 120 yrs
c. 116 yrs d. 98 yrs
Solution:
Let P = population
dP/dt = kP – integrate
ln P = kt + C
when t = 0, P = P0
ln P0 = 0 + C, C = ln P0
when y = 50, P = 2P0
ln 2P0 = 50k + ln P0
k = 0.01386
ln 5P0 = 0.01386t + ln P0
t = 116 years
40. According to Newton’s law of cooling, the rate at which the
substance cools in air is directly proportional to the difference
between the temperature of the substance and air. IF temperature
of air is 30 degrees and substance cools from 100 to 70 degrees
in 15 minutes, how long will it take to cool 100 to 50 degrees?

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a. 33.59 mins b. 35.39 mins

c. 43.50 mins d. 45.30 mins
Solution:
Let T = temperature of the body
dT/dt = k(T – 30) – integrate
ln(T – 30) = kt + C
At t = 0, T = 100 deg
ln (70) = k(0) + C, C = 4.248
At t = 15, T = 70
ln (40) = 15k + 4.248, k = -0.0373
At T = 50, t = ?
ln (20) = -0.0373t + 4.248
t = 33.59 mins
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