Professional Documents
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Walls/Shear Walls
Dr Bijily Balakrishnan
Introduction
Types of walls
• Bearing wall – Supports vertical loads exceeding 0.08fckAg and
moments about a horizontal axis in the plane of the wall (weak
axis bending) and associated shear
• Non-bearing wall – Supports vertical loads < 0.08fckAg and, in
some cases, moment about the weak axis as well.
• Shear wall / Structural wall – Assembly of interconnected walls
forming part of the lateral-load-resisting system of a structure.
They support vertical loads, moments about horizontal axes
perpendicular to the plane of the wall (strong axis bending) and
shear forces acting parallel to the plane of the wall. Weak axis
bending may also be present.
2
Wall design procedure
Weak axis bending
Location of Shear Walls
Location of Shear Walls
Typical Plans
1 2
Interstorey Drift
24
21
18
Height (m)
15 2 1
12
• Minimum ratio of length of wall to its thickness 4 (IS 13920, cl. 10.1.3)
• Shear walls classification depending on the overall height hw to length Lw ratio
(cl. 10.1.4)
• Squat walls: hw / Lw < 1
• Intermediate walls: 1 ≤ hw / Lw ≤ 2
• Slender walls: hw / Lw > 2
• In flanged wall, part of flange beyond face of web shall be considered: smaller
of (cl. 10.1.5)
• Actual width
• Half distance to an adjacent shear wall web
• 1/10 of floor-to-floor wall height
Structural Walls
• Provide with uniformly spaced reinforcement in its cross-section
along vertical and horizontal directions (clause 10.1.6)
Sl. Type of wall Reinforcement details
No.
i) Squat walls h min
0.0025
h
v min
0.0025 0.5 1 w h 0.0025
tw
t
v ,net v ,web Lw 0.02 2.5 v ,web
w
v provided
h provided
Vu
v
tw dw
Vus Vu c tw dw
Ah
d d
0.87fy 0.87fy
sv int egral sv int egral
• Assume, Thickness = 300 mm, Length = 4500 mm (use M30 concrete & Fe500 steel)
• Factored Axial Load
Case 1 – (IS 456:2000)
Pmax = 1.2 (DL + LL) + 1.2 EQ / WL
= 1.2 (2500) + 1.2 × 250 = 3300 kN
Case 2 – (IS 13920:2016 cl. 10.4.2.1)
Pmin = 0.8 (DL + LL) + 1.2 EQ / WL
= 0.8 (2500) + 1.2 × 250 = 2300 kN
Factored moment = 1.2 × 75 + 1.2 × 4250 = 5195 kNm
Factored shear force = 1.2 × 75 + 1.2 × 1000 = 1290 kN
• Check for need of BE (boundary element)
tw L3 300 45003
I 2.278 1012 mm4
12 12
A tw L 300 4500 135 10 4 mm2
I 2.278 1012
Z = =1.013 109 mm3
y 2250 300 mm
Pu
0.032
fck bw L
Mu
0.029
fck bw L2
Shear Design
Vu 1290 103
v 1.19 N/mm2
tw 0.8 L 300 0.8 4500
• v < v,limit but thickness > 200 mm, hence steel to be provided in 2 layers
• Reinforcement
Assuming minimum steel is 0.25% of Ag
Ast required per meter = 0.0025 × 1000 × 300 = 750 mm2
Ast required per meter in one layer = 375 mm2
Provide 10 ϕ at 200 mm c/c spacing (both vertical and horizontal)
Ast provided = 785 mm2
pt provided = 0.26 %
• Shear resisted by concrete
c = 0.37 Mpa (Table 19, IS 456)
c,max = 3.40 Mpa (Table 20, IS 456)
Vus = (v − c ) tw × 1000 = 245.39 kN
Asv / sv = 0.679
Provide Asv / sv = 3.92, Hence safe in shear
Detailing
300 mm
4500 mm
• Confinement Reinforcement
30
Ash 0.05 100 255 92mm2
415