DIN 5510-2 Brand

May 2009
DIN 5510-2
D
ICS 13.220.40; 45.060.01
Preventive fire protection in railway vehicles –

Part 2: Fire behaviour and fire side effects of materials and parts –
Classification, requirements and test methods
English translation of DIN 5510-2:2009-05
Vorbeugender Brandschutz in Schienenfahrzeugen –

Teil 2: Brennverhalten und Brandnebenerscheinungen von Werkstoffen und Bauteilen –
Klassifizierung, Anforderungen und Prüfverfahren
Englische Übersetzung von DIN 5510-2:2009-05
Protection préventive contre les incendies des véhicules ferroviaires –
Partie 2: Comportement au feu et effets secondaires des matières et pièces –
Classification, exigences et méthodes d’essai
Traduction anglaise de DIN 5510-2:2009-05
Normen-Download-Beuth-BS Verkstäder AB-KdNr.7668334-LfNr.5948228001-2012-10-23 11:20
Document comprises 56 pages
Translation by DIN-Sprachendienst.
In case of doubt, the German-language original shall be considered authoritative.
© No part of this translation may be reproduced without prior permission of

DIN Deutsches Institut für Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,
has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).
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04.10
DIN 5510-2:2009-05
A comma is used as the decimal marker.
Start of validity
This standard is valid from 2009-05-01.
Introductory period
As from 2012-05-01, all railway vehicles developed after 2009-05-01 shall comply with this standard.
Transition period
From 2014-05-01 at the latest, only railway vehicles conforming to this standard may be supplied within
Germany.
2
DIN 5510-2:2009-05
Contents
Page
Foreword .............................................................................................................................................................5
1 Scope ......................................................................................................................................................6
2 Normative references............................................................................................................................6
3 Terms and definitions ...........................................................................................................................9
4 Classification of fire behaviour and the side effects of fires and associated tests .......................9
4.1 General ...................................................................................................................................................9
4.2 Flammability classes and testing ......................................................................................................10
4.2.1 General .................................................................................................................................................10
4.2.2 Flammability class S1 .........................................................................................................................10
4.2.3 Flammability classes S2 to S5 ...........................................................................................................10
4.2.4 Flammability classes SF1 to SF3 for floor coverings......................................................................11
4.2.5 Seats .....................................................................................................................................................12
4.3 Smoke generation classes and testing .............................................................................................14
4.4 Droplet formation classes and test methods ...................................................................................15
4.5 Toxicity testing of fire effluents .........................................................................................................15
5 Requirements on the fire behaviour and fire side effects of materials and parts used in
vehicle construction............................................................................................................................15
5.1 General .................................................................................................................................................15
5.2 Requirements on vehicle parts requiring certification....................................................................15
5.2.1 General .................................................................................................................................................15
5.2.2 Electrical equipment ...........................................................................................................................16
5.2.3 Tables giving requirements on vehicle parts requiring certification.............................................17
5.3 Requirements on vehicle parts not requiring certification .............................................................28
5.4 Materials and components which are deemed to meet the requirements (classified
materials and components)................................................................................................................29
5.5 Permanence of the fire protection properties ..................................................................................29
6 Inspection certificate...........................................................................................................................30
Annex A (normative) Testing seats as in 4.2.5 ..............................................................................................31
A.1 Arrangement in the test room ............................................................................................................31
A.2 Slitting of seat upholstery ..................................................................................................................31
A.3 Paper cushion ......................................................................................................................................33
A.4 Calibrating the exhaust hood.............................................................................................................34

Annex B (normative) Smoke production calculation ....................................................................................35
Annex C (normative) Determining the toxicity of fire effluents ...................................................................36
C.1 General .................................................................................................................................................36
C.2 Fire effluent generation models.........................................................................................................36
C.2.1 General .................................................................................................................................................36
C.2.2 Test chamber as defined in DIN EN ISO 5659-2 ...............................................................................36
C.2.3 Testing of seats and cables (alternative test methods) ..................................................................38
C.3 Fire effluent toxicity requirements ....................................................................................................39
C.3.1 General .................................................................................................................................................39
C.3.2 Calculation of results of tests as described in DIN EN ISO 5659-2................................................40
C.3.3 Calculations of results of tests made on products under real conditions....................................40
C.3.4 Requirements on vehicle parts requiring a certificate ....................................................................42
C.3.5 Requirements on vehicle parts not requiring certification .............................................................47
C.3.6 Materials and components that are deemed to meet the requirements ........................................47
C.4 Test report ............................................................................................................................................47
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DIN 5510-2:2009-05
Page
Annex D (informative) Analysis methods for testing the toxicity of fire effluents .....................................48
D.1 General..................................................................................................................................................48
D.2 Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy ..............................................................................48
D.2.1 General..................................................................................................................................................48
D.2.2 FTIR – discontinuous gas analysis....................................................................................................48
D.2.3 Sampling ...............................................................................................................................................48
D.2.4 FTIR spectroscopy gas cell ................................................................................................................50
D.2.5 FTIR spectrometer ...............................................................................................................................50
D.2.6 Test procedure .....................................................................................................................................51
D.2.7 Data evaluation ....................................................................................................................................52
D.3 Wet chemical analysis method...........................................................................................................52
D.3.1 General..................................................................................................................................................52
D.3.2 Sampling ...............................................................................................................................................53
D.3.3 Analyses ...............................................................................................................................................54
D.4 Colorimetric measurements ...............................................................................................................54
Bibliography ......................................................................................................................................................56
4
DIN 5510-2:2009-05
Foreword
This standard contains safety requirements.

This standard has been prepared by Working Committee NA 087-00-14 of the Normenausschuss
Brandschutz (Fire Fighting and Fire Protection Standards Committee). Being part of the collection of DIN
Standards on fire prevention in railway vehicles (for explanations refer to DIN 5510-1), it contains
requirements on the fire behaviour and side effects of fires (smoke generation and droplet formation)
considered to be necessary for materials and components used for the construction of railway vehicles.
To achieve this, the requirements in the form of flammability classes, smoke generation classes, droplet-
formation classes and toxicity indices in the form of maximum allowable exposure times are specified in terms
of risk following the classification of the vehicles according to fire prevention levels (see DIN 5510-1) and on
the basis of the locations in which the materials and components used are integrated into the vehicles (ceiling
areas are more critical than floor areas).
In terms of the general aim of personal protection, these requirements apply to protective aim 1 “Prevention of
development of a fire in passenger compartments as a result of arson” according to the definition of this
protective aim in the explanatory notes in DIN 5510-1, i.e. they apply to the risk of ignition and development of
a fire due to small to medium-sized ignition sources.
The fire-prevention requirements specified in this standard with regard to achieving protective aim 1 were
based on the results of a fire prevention research project specially conducted for this purpose and sponsored
by the former German Federal Minister for Research and Technology under the title TV 8520 Brandversuche
in Schienenfahrzeugen, Phase 1, Brandentstehung durch Brandstiftung (Fire tests in railway vehicles,
phase 1, fires caused by arson).
Special requirements apply to seats. Application-oriented tests to prove that fire-prevention properties are
suitable for achieving protective aim 1 (see Explanatory notes in DIN 5510-1) are carried out by exposing
original seats to flames by means of a burning paper cushion. The requirements on the fire behaviour of
electrical devices and on cables and wires for self-propelled vehicles and carriages to achieve protective
aim 2 (see Explanatory notes in DIN 5510-1) are specified in keeping with current VDE codes of practice and
state-of-the-art railway vehicle design.
The requirements specified in this standard do not provide any substantial support in achieving protective
aim 3, neither in terms of fire behaviour nor in respect of side effects of fires (smoke generation, toxicity),
since this protective aim is the subject of measures defined in DIN 5510-4 to DIN 5510-6 and because a
corresponding European Standard is being prepared on these subjects.
The series of standards DIN 5510 Preventive fire protection in railway vehicles comprises:
⎯ Part 1: Levels of protection, fire protection measures and certification
⎯ Part 2: Fire behaviour and fire side effects of materials and parts — Classification, requirements and test
methods
⎯ Part 4: Vehicle design, safety requirements
⎯ Part 5: Electrical equipment, safety requirements
⎯ Part 6: Accompanying measures, operation of the emergency brake, information systems, fire alarm
systems, fire-fighting equipment, safety requirements.
5
DIN 5510-2:2009-05
1 Scope
This standard apples to railway vehicles (hereinafter referred to as “vehicles” ) which are within the scope of
the Eisenbahn Bau- und Betriebsordnung (EBO) (German Ordinance on the construction and operating of
railways), the Eisenbahn Bau- und Betriebsordnung für Schmalspurbahnen (ESBO) (German Ordinance on
the construction and operating of narrow-gauge railways), the Magnetschwebebahn- Bau- und
Betriebsordnung (MbBO) (German Ordinance on the construction and operation of magnetic-levitation
monorail systems) and the Verordnung über den Bau und Betrieb der Straßenbahnen (BOStrab) (German
Ordinance on the construction and operation of trams). The purpose of this standard is to specify:
⎯ a classification of fire behaviour and of the side-effects of fires,
⎯ test methods required for this purpose, and
⎯ preventive requirements placed, for fire protection purposes, on the combustion behaviour and side-
effects of combustion of the materials and components used for building the vehicles.
This standard does not apply to requirements relating to equipment for storing and conveying liquid or
gaseous fuels. A corresponding standard on this topic is currently being prepared.
2 Normative references
This standard incorporates, by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. For dated
references, only the edition referred to applies to this standard. For undated references, the latest edition
(including all amendments) of the publication referred to applies.
DIN 4102-1, Fire behaviour of building materials and elements – Part 1: Classification of building materials;
Requirements and testing
DIN 4102-8, Fire behaviour of building materials and elements – Part 8: Small-scale test furnace
DIN 4102-14, Fire behaviour of building materials and elements – Part 14: Determination of the burning
behaviour of floor covering systems using a radiant heat source
DIN 5510-1, Preventive fire protection in railway vehicles – Part 1: Levels of protection, fire protection
measures and certification
DIN 5510-4, Preventive fire protection in railway vehicles – Part 4: Vehicle design, safety requirements
DIN 5510-5, Preventive fire protection in railway vehicles – Part 5: Electrical equipment, safety requirements
DIN 5510-6, Preventive fire protection in railway vehicles – Part 6: Accompanying measures, operation of the
emergency brake, information systems, fire alarm systems, fire-fighting equipment, safety requirements
DIN 50014, Climates and their technical application; standard atmospheres
DIN 53290, Testing of sandwich materials – Definition of terms
DIN 53438-1, Testing of combustible materials – Response to ignition by a small flame – Part 1: General data
DIN 53438-2, Testing of combustible materials – Response to ignition by a small flame – Part 2: Edge ignition
DIN 53438-3, Testing of combustible materials – Response to ignition by a small flame – Part 3: Surface
ignition
6
DIN 5510-2:2009-05
DIN 54341, Testing of seats in railways for public traffic – Determination of burning behaviour with a paper
pillow ignition source
DIN 54837, Testing of materials, small components and component sections for rail vehicles – Determination
of burning behaviour using a gas burner
DIN EN 438-1, High-pressure decorative laminates (HPL) – Sheets based on thermosetting resins (usually
called laminates) – Part 1: Introduction and general information
DIN EN 597-1, Furniture – Assessment of the ignitability of mattresses and upholstered bed bases – Part 1:
Ignition source: Smouldering cigarette
DIN EN 597-2, Furniture – Assessment of the ignitability of mattresses and upholstered bed bases – Part 2:
Ignition source: Match flame equivalent
DIN EN 1021-1, Furniture – Assessment of the ignitability of upholstered furniture – Part 1: Ignition source
smouldering cigarette
DIN EN 1021-2, Furniture – Assessment of the ignitability of upholstered furniture – Part 2: Ignition source
match flame equivalent
E DIN EN 2824 (withdrawn) Aerospace series – Burning behaviour of non metallic materials under the
influence of radiating heat and flames – Determination of smoke density and gas components in the smoke of
materials; test equipment, apparatus and media
E DIN EN 2826 (withdrawn), Aerospace series – Burning behaviour of non metallic materials under the
influence of radiating heat and flames – Determination of gas components in the smoke
DIN EN 13501-1, Fire classification of construction products and building elements – Part 1: Classification
using data from reaction to fire tests
DIN EN 13501-2:2003-12, Fire classification of construction products and building elements – Part 2:
Classification using data from fire resistance tests, excluding ventilation services
DIN EN 14390, Fire test – Large-scale room reference test for surface products
E DIN EN 45545-2, Railway applications – Fire protection on railway vehicles – Part 2: Requirements for fire
behaviour of materials and components
DIN EN 50264-1 (VDE 0260 Part 264-1), Railway applications – Railway rolling stock – power and control
cables having special fire performance – Part 1: General requirements
DIN EN 50266-2-4 (VDE 0482-266-2-4), Common test methods for cables under fire conditions – Test for
vertical flame spread of vertically-mounted bunched wires or cables – Part 2-4: Procedures; Category C
DIN EN 50266-2-5 (VDE 0482-266-2-5), Common test methods for cables under fire conditions – Test for
vertical flame spread of vertically-mounted bunched wires or cables – Part 2-5: Procedures; Small cables
DIN EN 50305 (VDE 0260-305):2003-03, Railway applications – Railway rolling stock cables having special
fire performance – Test methods
DIN EN 50306-1 (VDE 0260-306-1), Railway applications – Railway rolling stock cables having special fire
performance; thin wall – Part 1: General requirements
DIN EN 50399, Common test methods for cables under fire conditions – Heat release and smoke production
measurement on cables during flame spread test – Test apparatus, procedures, results
7
DIN 5510-2:2009-05
DIN EN 60332-1-2 (VDE 0482-332-1-2), Tests on electric and optical fibre cables under fire conditions –
Part 1-2: Test for vertical flame propagation for a single insulated wire or cable – Procedure for 1 kW pre-
mixed flame
DIN EN 60332-2-2 (VDE 0482-332-2-2), Tests on electric and optical fibre cables under fire conditions –
Part 2-2: Test for vertical flame propagation for a single small insulated wire or cable – Procedure for diffusion
flame
DIN EN 60529 (VDE 0470-1):2003-12, Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP code)
(IEC 60529:1989 + A1:1999)
DIN EN 60695-11-10 (VDE 0471 Part 11-10), Test flames – Part 11-10: 50 W horizontal and vertical flame
test methods
DIN EN 61034-1 (VDE 0482-1034-1), Measurement of smoke density of cables burning under defined
conditions – Part 1: Test apparatus
DIN EN ISO 4589-2, Plastics – Determination of burning behaviour by oxygen index – Part 2: Ambient-
temperature test
DIN EN ISO 5659-2, Plastics – Smoke generation – Part 2: Determination of optical density by a single-
chamber test
DIN EN ISO 9239-1, Reaction to fire tests for floorings – Part 1: Determination of the burning behaviour using
a radiant heat source
ISO 554, Standard atmospheres for conditioning and/or testing – Specifications
ISO 19701:2005, Methods for sampling and analysis of fire effluents
ISO 19702:2006, Toxicity testing of fire effluents – Guidance for analysis of gases and vapours in fire effluents
using FTIR gas analysis
ISO/TR 9705-2, Reaction-to-fire tests – Full-scale room tests for surface products – Part 2: Technical
background and guidance
BOStrab, Straßenbahn-Bau- und Betriebsordnung (German Ordinance on the construction and operation of
1)
trams)
EBO, Eisenbahn-Bau und Betriebsordnung (German Ordinance on the construction and operating of
1)
railways)
ESBO, Eisenbahn-Bau- und Betriebsordnung für Schmalspurbahnen (German Ordinance on the construction
1)
and operating of narrow-gauge railways)
Vorläufige Richtlinie für den vorbeugenden Brandschutz bei Personenfahrzeugen nach der Verordnung über
den Bau und Betrieb der Straßenbahnen (Provisional directive on the prevention of fires in passenger vehicles
2)
in accordance with the ordinance on the construction and operation of trams)
MbBO, Magnetschwebebahnverordnung (German regulations governing the construction and operation of

1)
magnetic-levitation monorail (maglev systems)
1)
Registered in the DITR database maintained by DIN Software GmbH, obtainable from Beuth Verlag GmbH,
10772 Berlin, Germany.
2)
Obtainable from the German Federal Ministry of Transportation, Building and Urban Affairs, Bonn office, Referat
EW 14, Robert-Schumann-Platz 1, 53175 Bonn, Germany.
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DIN 5510-2:2009-05
3 Terms and definitions
For the purpose of this document, the following terms and definitions shall apply.
3.1
composite material
material which comprises multiple layers as-delivered
3.2
material combination
combination of different materials which, when installed in the vehicle, are joined either over their entire
surface or over part of their surface (e.g. glued, welded or stapled) or are installed at a distance of up to
20 mm from one another without a direct joint
3.3
sandwich construction
a body comprising a relatively thick core of a low density material and relatively thin covering layers, and in
which the covering layers and the core are permanently joined
NOTE Some layered materials such as plywood, chipboard and coated sheet metal are not deemed sandwich
constructions according to this definition.
4 Classification of fire behaviour and the side effects of fires and associated tests
4.1 General
In order to classify the fire behaviour and fire side effects of materials (smoke generation, formation of
droplets), flammability classes, smoke generation classes and droplet formation classes are defined, and
toxicity indices expressed in terms of maximum allowable exposure times are calculated.
These classes are used to specify requirements on the flammability and fire side effects of components and
materials used in vehicle construction.
This classification is determined on the basis of tests using the respective test method defined for each class.
Averages are calculated from the individual test results. These averages are then used for evaluation and
classification.
Test reports shall contain individual results, averages for each test, and classification into the corresponding
classes. Any special observations made during the tests shall also be recorded.
Test specimens shall be clearly described. If the geometry of moulded parts is not specified, the essential
dimensions of test specimens shall be given in the form of drawings, diagrams etc. The thickness of standard
test specimens shall always be stated. Furthermore, the structure and material composition of test specimens
shall also be described. If specimens are asymmetrical in terms of thickness, the side to which the flame is
being applied shall be stated. If a hole is burnt through the test specimen, this shall be recorded in the test
report.
The suitability of seats in terms of fire-prevention – except for seats as described in 4.2.5.6 – is to be
determined by exposing original seats used in practice to a burning paper cushion. A photograph of an
untested seat and photographs of all the seats that have been tested shall be attached to the reports.
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DIN 5510-2:2009-05
4.2 Flammability classes and testing
4.2.1 General
Flammability classes are used to describe the fire behaviour of vehicle parts (materials and components).
Classification shall be in accordance with the specifications of clause 5. Tests, requirements etc. are
described in 4.2.2 to 4.2.4.
In addition, the requirements listed in Table 9 are to be met.
Tests and requirements for passenger seats are specified in 4.2.5.
4.2.2 Flammability class S1
Testing: As in DIN 53438-1 to DIN 53438-3
Number of specimens: Five
Specimen dimensions: Small part (see 5.3 b); as an alternative: specimen dimensions as defined in
DIN 53438-1 to DIN 53438-3
Flame exposure arrangement: As installed
The most critical flame exposure arrangement for the small part as installed in the vehicle shall be chosen:
⎯ surface ignition if the edges of the small part are normally concealed when the part is installed, or
⎯ edge ignition if the edges of the small part are normally exposed when the part is installed.
Requirements: The tips of the flames emitted from the small part specimen shall not exceed a height of
15 cm, measured from the point at which the burner flame is applied.
4.2.3 Flammability classes S2 to S5
Testing: As in DIN 54837

Number of specimens: Five
Specimen dimensions: The specimen dimensions shall be 190 mm × 500 mm × product thickness. In the
case of components such as headrests, armrests, folding tables, coverings etc. from which 190 mm × 500 mm
specimens cannot be taken due to their design or dimensions, the entire component or suitable component
sections shall be tested. If it is not possible to assess the required fire behaviour of such components, tests
may be conducted on flat models 190 mm × 500 mm in size.
Unless otherwise specified in Table 5, specimens of 500 mm length shall be taken from profiled components
such as window and door seals, covering strips, struts, tubes, hoses etc.
The parts that are to be tested may be multilayered (composite materials) as supplied. If materials are not
joined, either over their entire surface or over part of their surface (glued, welded, stapled etc.), until installed
in the vehicle, or are installed at a distance of up to 20 mm from one another without a direct joint until the
materials are built into the vehicle, the resulting material combination shall be tested according to the
specifications set down in Table 5. The thickness of the test specimens of material combinations can be
limited to 40 mm provided that the damage depth does not exceed 10 mm.
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DIN 5510-2:2009-05
Where sandwich constructions as specified in DIN 53290 are butt-jointed as installed, or where cut edges may
be exposed to flame attack, butt-jointed specimens shall be tested. The butt joint shall be located at the centre
of the width and be parallel to the longitudinal edge of the specimen.
If materials with an oriented structure (such as films, leather and textiles) are to be tested, 5 specimens of
each material are to be tested in the longitudinal direction and 5 specimens in the lateral direction.
Flame exposure arrangement: As specified in DIN 54837
If the test specimens are asymmetrical in the thickness direction, both surfaces are to be exposed to the
flame. Flame exposure may be limited to one side if:
⎯ this is permitted in Tables 5 to 8, or if
⎯ proof can be provided that the surface exposed to the flame is the critical one.
The test report shall state which surface was exposed to the flame.
Requirements: As in Table 1
Table 1 – Requirements for flammability classes S2 to S5
Flammability class S2 S3 S4 S5
Length of destroyed
a ≤ 30 cm ≤ 25 cm ≤ 20 cm 0 cmb
area
Specimen may continue ≤ 100 s
Afterflame time burning until end of test with (no individual value ≤ 10 s 0s
subsequent extinguishing ≥ 120 s)
a
In addition to the criteria specified in DIN 54837, areas in which holes have melted through the material are deemed
destroyed areas.
b
Organic layers of a nominal thickness < 0,3 mm in composite materials shall not be taken into account when
evaluating the length of destroyed material.
4.2.4 Flammability classes SF1 to SF3 for floor coverings
Testing: As in DIN 4102-14 or DIN EN ISO 9239-1
Specimen dimensions: As defined in DIN 4102-14 or DIN EN ISO 9239-1
Flame exposure arrangement: The floor covering material is to be tested in a situation similar to its intended
use and shall be applied to a plate made of the original substrate. For specimens with thicknesses of up to
25 mm, due consideration shall be taken of the influence of the materials below the floor covering. The tests
can be carried out without the complete supporting structure and/or other underlying materials.
Requirements: As listed in Table 2
Table 2 – Requirements for flammability classes SF1 to SF3
Flammability class SF1 SF2 SF3
Critical heat flux ≥ 2,5 kW/m2 ≥ 2,5 kW/m2 ≥ 4,5 kW/m2

Integral of smoke obscuration No requirements ≤ 2 500 (% ⋅ min) ≤ 750 (% ⋅ min)
11
DIN 5510-2:2009-05
4.2.5 Seats
4.2.5.1 Test specimens
When testing seats to prove their suitability in terms of fire protection, the tests shall always be carried out on
original seats, including backrests and all original components (see Table 5, nos. 74 and 75 as well as no. 86
if necessary).
4.2.5.2 Test room and test set-up

3
Tests shall be conducted in a room having a volume of at least 250 m . The test specimens shall be placed
beneath an exhaust hood as described in DIN EN 14390 or ISO/TR 9705-2 (furniture calorimeter test – see
Annex A, Figure A.1). In order to ensure that the entire fire effluent volume is captured, the lateral steel sheet
skirts shall be attached to the exhaust hood in such a way that the distance between the surface on which the
test specimen is placed and the bottom edge of the skirts attached to the hood is (1,4 ± 0,25) m. The volume
3
flow rate of the exhaust hood is to be set to V298 = (0,6 ± 0,1) m /s. Before the start of the test the air
temperature in the test room, shall be (20 ± 10) °C.
If the exhaust hood used differs from the design described here, the test set-up shall be calibrated according
to the instructions given in Annex A.4.
An angled mobile partition made of non-flammable sheets of a mineral material and with dimensions of at
least 2 000 mm × 1 200 mm shall be set up for the tests. The smallest distance between the seat and the
side-walls shall be (15 ± 5) mm and the smallest distance between the seat and the rear wall shall be
(30 ± 10) mm (see Figures A.1 and A.2).
Before commencing the test the temperature of the mobile partition shall not exceed 30 °C.
4.2.5.3 Test procedure
The seats shall be conditioned for 48 h in an ISO 554-23/50-2 standard atmosphere before commencing the
test.
The test duration is determined by the relevant requirements (see 4.2.5.4). The test may be terminated
prematurely if the flames have extinguished completely and no more flue gas absorption can be measured. If
the specimen seat fails prematurely or if the test personnel is endangered, the test is to be aborted by
extinguishing the fire and recording the time of this action.
The light transmission and volume flow rate in the exhaust duct shall be measured at 3-second intervals for
the entire duration of the test.
If the backrest is adjustable, it shall be set to maximum upright position (if in the course of testing there is
reason to believe that a different backrest position will lead to a less favourable outcome, this shall be
recorded in the test report).
The head cushion is to be placed at the lowest possible position.
If seats are intended to be used in benches or in rows comprising several adjacent seats, testing shall always
be carried out on at least two seats installed next to one another with the original spacing.
Benches shall be subdivided according to the nominal number of seats, and the seats thus defined shall be
indicated.
Three tests shall be carried out according to the instructions given in Annex A.3, each test using one paper
cushion placed on the sitting surface of the corner seat.
12
DIN 5510-2:2009-05
The “open” side of the paper cushion (i.e. the side not closed by staples) shall be placed against the backrest.
The paper cushion may be rotated by 90 ° about its vertical axis if the seat upholstery is less than 420 mm
wide.
In addition, one test shall be carried out using a paper cushion beneath the seat mounted in the corner, and
one test using a paper cushion placed centrally below and between two seats.
Folding seats with backrests shall be tested with the seat folded down in same way as described above for
normal seats. Three seats shall be tested. Folding seats shall be tested as follows: one test from below the
centre of the seat installed in the corner, one test between two seats with the seats folded down, and one test
between two seats with the seats folded up. For the test from below, the top surface of the seat upholstery
shall be located (430 ± 10) mm above the floor.
Folding seats without backrests (auxiliary seats) are exempted from this test, and only need to meet the
requirements of no. 76 or 77 in Table 5.
4.2.5.4 Requirements
In order to prove suitability by the tests specified in 4.2.5.3, the following requirements shall be met:
⎯ The maximum height of flames above the highest point of the seat surface shall not exceed 100 cm.
⎯ The flame front shall not reach the side edges of any of the seats being tested.
th 3)
⎯ The flames shall have extinguished at the latest by the 15 minute of the test.
In order to prove suitability according to the tests with flame exposure from below, the following requirements
shall be met:
⎯ The destroyed area shall not extend beyond a 50 mm wide border area of the sitting surface and the
backrest surface.
⎯ Where the test is conducted between two seats, only a 50 mm wide border area measured from the
exposed side of the upholstery of the seat and backrest may be destroyed.
th
In order to prove the suitability of folding seats when folded up with flame exposure from below, the following
requirements shall be met:
⎯ The maximum height of flames above the lower edge of the seat when folded up shall not exceed
100 cm.
⎯ In the test with exposure of the centre of one seat from below, the flame front shall not reach the side
edges of any of the seats being tested.
⎯ In the test with a cushion placed centrally between two seats, an area of at least 50 mm shall remain
undamaged at the external side edges not exposed to the flame.
th
In order to prove suitability, the following additional requirement shall be met in all tests using a paper cushion:
⎯ For fire protection levels 2 to 4, no single total smoke production value TSP (see Annex B for the
2
calculation method) measured throughout the test may exceed 60 m .
All requirements apply correspondingly to bench seats.
3) th th
Small flames still burning after the 15 minute but not after the 30 minute of the test can be neglected if achievement
of the protection aim is proved within the fire protection evaluation, e.g. by measuring heat release or flame height.
13
DIN 5510-2:2009-05
4.2.5.5 Slitting of seats, classification and testing of slit seats
Where the suitability of slit seats is to be proven, an additional three seats shall be prepared and tested as
follows:
Crossed cuts are to made in the seat surface as shown in Figure A.2 using a commercially available carpet
cutter with a sharp blade. The blade shall protrude from the handle by 20 mm so that the pressure exerted
while making the cuts results in approximately 25 mm deep cuts.
The seat cushion is to be cut open by drawing the knife through it in one single motion. If it is not possible to
cut the seat to a depth of approximately 25 mm, it shall be slit open down to the protection layer (vandalism
prevention) which cannot be cut.
The individual layers (e.g. cover material, upholstery fleece, fire protection cover, vandalism protection layer)
are to be lifted away from the point where the cuts cross and then folded back. The folded-back corners are
then tacked down with pins. The last individual layer to be folded back is the layer intended to act as fire
protection.
If the seat comprises several layers permanently joined to one another, this sandwich layer is folded back as
far as possible and then fixed into place. If it is not possible to fold back and affix the sandwich layer, it shall
remain in its original position during the test. Any upholstery core material that has come loose and has been
lifted up together with the sandwich layer shall remain attached to the sandwich layer.
If there are seams or fasteners in the area of the seat to be exposed, these shall be separated as well.
Seats made of only one material shall not be slit open.
Tests and classification are carried out in the same way as for seats that have not been slit open.
4.2.5.6 Seats for enclosed staff compartments
For all fire protection levels, proof of fire protective qualities shall be provided as defined in DIN EN 1021-1
and DIN EN 1021-2. This proof is considered to have been obtained if the ignition criteria are not met. These
tests can be carried out on an original seat or on a model. The tests are carried out on seats which have not
been slit open.
4.3 Smoke generation classes and testing
When carrying out fire protection tests for flammability classes S2 to S5, smoke generation shall also be
measured in accordance with DIN 54837, if the requirements call for such. Materials are to be classified
according to smoke generated as shown in Table 3.
Table 3 – Smoke generation classes
Smoke generation class Integral of smoke obscuration

SR1 not achieved > 100 (% ⋅ min)
SR1 ≤ 100 (% ⋅ min)
SR2 ≤ 50 (% ⋅ min)
14
DIN 5510-2:2009-05
4.4 Droplet formation classes and test methods
When testing materials in accordance with DIN 54837, it shall be determined whether or not the droplets
formed by the material melting and dripping burn as they are falling.
The materials are to be classified as shown in Table 4.
Table 4 – Droplet formation classes
Droplet formation class Observation

ST1 burns while falling or dripping
ST2 does not fall or drip or burn while falling or dripping
Products may still be assigned to droplet formation class ST2 if some particles or drops are still burning when
they fall to the floor of the test chamber but the mean value of the afterflame times measured in individual
tests does not exceed 20 seconds.
If in the course of testing burning particles dropping off the specimen are observed, the afterflame time is
deemed to be the longest individual burning time observed in all particles. If no individual particles or drops
burn as they are dropping, the afterflame time is deemed to be the longest time that particles or drops
continue burning at any position on the floor.
4.5 Toxicity testing of fire effluents
Toxicity testing of fire effluents and calculation of characteristic values are to be carried out as in Annexes C
and D.
5 Requirements on the fire behaviour and fire side effects of materials and parts
used in vehicle construction
5.1 General
As regards the requirements on materials and components used in vehicle construction, a distinction is made
between materials and components for which certification to DIN 5510-1 (suitability certificate and inspection
certificate) is mandatory (vehicle parts requiring certification), and those which do not require certification
(vehicle parts not requiring certification).
The classification of materials and components is explained below.
5.2 Requirements on vehicle parts requiring certification
5.2.1 General
The components listed in Tables 5 to 8 are deemed to be vehicle parts requiring certification. Requirements
are stated as flammability classes, smoke generation classes and droplet formation classes, as well as toxicity
indices expressed as allowable exposure times (determined by the methods described in Annex C) depending
on where the parts are built into the vehicle and, in the case of passenger vehicles, in relation to the fire
protection levels (see DIN 5510-1).
15
DIN 5510-2:2009-05
In addition, the inner materials (core materials) of composite materials or material combinations with exposed
edges shall at least meet the requirements of class K 2 as defined in DIN 53438-2 when the edge is exposed
to a flame. This proof may also be achieved by subjecting the material to a combination test (rotated sample,
flame exposure from the side, analogous to the procedure described in DIN 4102-1).
Pipes and hoses made of the same materials and with the same wall thickness, but having different
diameters, may be tested using the largest and the smallest diameters. If results of these two tests meet the
requirements, the classification achieved also applies to all diameters between these two extremes. If this is
not the case, then the worst result shall be assigned to the intermediate diameters.
Sheets and films made of the same materials but used in various thicknesses may be tested using the
smallest and the largest thicknesses. If results of these two tests meet the requirements, the classification
achieved shall also apply to all thicknesses between these two extremes. If this is not the case, then the worst
result shall be assigned to the intermediate thicknesses.
When vehicle components subject to mandatory certification are supplied, the certificates presented shall not
be more than three years old.
5.2.2 Electrical equipment
5.2.2.1 General
All permanently installed electrical installations and operating equipment, including the associated insulation,
coverings and casing parts, are deemed electrical equipment.
5.2.2.2 Electrical equipment in enclosed shells or casings
No separate requirements are placed on electrical equipment in an enclosure meeting IP54 requirements as
specified in DIN EN 60529 (VDE 0470-1). The material of the enclosure (without openings required for the
final application) shall meet the integrity requirements specified in DIN EN 13501-2:2003-12, 5.2.2 and, when
exposed to a standard temperature/time curve in a test furnace as specified in DIN 4102-8, shall achieve the
test durations listed below.
The requirements shall be met for a test duration of:

3
⎯ 5 minutes for materials of enclosures containing a volume of ≤ 1 m or
3
⎯ 10 minutes for materials of enclosures containing a volume of ≤ 2 m or
⎯ 30 minutes for materials of enclosures, irrespective of the volume.
NOTE In tests carried out in accordance with DIN 4102-8, the quality of the enclosure material should be demonstrated.
Certification that the enclosure meets IP 45 integrity requirements as defined in DIN EN 60529 (VDE 0470-1) is adequate
proof of its integrity.
5.2.2.3 Vehicle wiring requirements
Vehicle cables and wires that are not covered by 5.2.2.2 shall meet the requirements listed in Table 6.
5.2.2.4 Requirements on all other electrical equipment
Printed circuit boards shall be tested, but not the electronic components mounted on them.
16
DIN 5510-2:2009-05
Small electrical parts are subject to the following requirements:
⎯ for small parts with a combustible material mass of ≤ X g, (e.g. buttons, switches, indicator lights, labels
etc.) arranged with a spacing of ≤ 20 cm behind, next to or above one another proof shall be provided that
they are of class V1 as specified in DIN EN 60695-11-10 (VDE 0471-11-10) or have an oxygen index
OI ≥ 28 % in accordance with DIN EN ISO 4589-2.
⎯ no separate requirements are specified for small parts with a combustible material mass of ≤ X g and
arranged with a spacing of > 20 cm behind, next to or above one another.
The value X in small electrical parts is defined as follows: X = 50 for parts accessible by passengers, X = 300
for all other parts.
Materials of the following small electrical parts:
⎯ insulating materials used to keep live parts in place and
⎯ main covers and main casings (housings),
which are not classified as being small electrical parts and are not covered by 5.2.2.2 shall meet at least the
requirements for class V-0 as specified in DIN EN 60695-11-10 (VDE 0471-11-10).
As an alternative, materials used in electrical equipment that is not accessible to passengers may be
permitted if their oxygen index OI is ≥ 30 %, as defined in DIN EN ISO 4589-2.
NOTE The tests specified in DIN EN 60695-11-10 (VDE 0471-11-10) are comparable to those specified in UL 94.
5.2.3 Tables giving requirements on vehicle parts requiring certification
The requirements on vehicle parts requiring certification are listed in Tables 5 to 8, C.2 and C.3:
⎯ Table 5: Vehicle construction section for passenger vehicles used in public transportation
⎯ Table 6: Requirements on electric cables and wires
⎯ Table 7: Vehicle parts for locomotives and power heads

⎯ Table 8: Vehicle parts for rail service vehicles and auxiliary vehicles
⎯ Table C.2: Fire effluent toxicity requirements for vehicle components requiring certification
⎯ Table C.3: Fire effluent toxicity requirements for electric cables and wiring
17
DIN 5510-2:2009-05
Table 5 — Vehicle construction section for passenger vehicles used in public transportation
1 2 3 4 5 6
Fire Requirements
protection
Vehicle parts requiring Flamma- Smoke Droplet
No. level as Remarks Explanatory notes
certification bility class generation formation
specified in
DIN 5510-1 class class
1 Vehicle superstructure, including 1 S3 — — Component may be tested in —

bottom floor, external vehicle uncoated condition. Flame
2 cladding (roof, sides, face) 2 to 4 S4 SR2 — exposure on the outside. Flammability class S5 has
excluding driver’s cab If the internal surface of the not been required since
flammability class S4 in
superstructure is freely accessible
combination with the required
to passengers, then this surface
proof of running capability in
shall be tested in the same way as
case of fire (see DIN 5510-4)
internal furnishing parts.
is sufficient to achieve
If the superstructure is of plastic personal protection.
material, the test shall be carried
out on the composite material,
where applicable.
3 External doors, face end doors, 1 S3 — — Flame exposure on the outside. —
skirts, cladding and body of driver’s
4 cab, fittings 2 to 4 S3 SR2 —
5 Roof-mounted parts and roof edge 2 to 4 S3 SR2 — No certification required for vehicles —
fairing parts with fire protection level 1.
Flammability class S4 for overhead-
track railway vehicles.
6 Underframe streamlining 1 S3 — — Component may be tested in —
uncoated condition.
7 2 to 4 S4 SR2 —
Flame exposure on the outside.
8 External windows, frames without 1 to 3 S3 — — — —
seals
9 4 S4 SR2 ST2
10 External windows, pane and pane 1 S3 — — — —
composites
11 2 to 4 S4 SR2 ST2
12 Gangway between coaches 1 S3 — — — —
18
DIN 5510-2:2009-05
Table 5 (continued)
1 2 3 4 5 6
Fire Requirements
protection
specified in
13 2 to 4 S3 SR2 ST2
14 Cladding of gangway systems 1 S3 — — — —
15 (rubber cylinders, bellows-type) 2 to 4 S3 SR1 —
16 Ducts for heating, ventilation and 1 S3 — — Test together with insulating —
cooling – built into roof section materials where applicable.
17 2 to 4 S4 SR2 ST2
18 Ducts for heating, ventilation and 1 S3 — — Test together with insulating —
cooling – built into areas other than materials where applicable.
19 the roof section 2 to 4 S3 SR2 ST2
20 Hoses for heating, ventilation and 1 S3 — — Test together with insulating —

cooling materials where applicable.
21 2 to 4 S3 SR1 —
22 Conduits for electrical installations 1 S3 — — Conduits and tubing for electrical —
and electrical installation tubes installations in engine spaces,
23 2 to 4 S4 SR2 ST2 switchgear cabinets and control
– built into roof section boxes are exempted. The
requirements specified in 5.2.2 shall
apply.
24 Conduits for electrical installations 1 S3 — — Conduits and tubing for electrical —
and electrical installation tubes installations in engine spaces,
25 2 to 4 S3 SR2 ST2 switchgear cabinets and control
– built into areas other than the boxes are exempted. The
roof section requirements specified in 5.2.2 shall
apply.
26 Pipes and hoses for fuel, 1 S3 — — Test together with insulating —
hydraulics, pneumatics, water and materials where applicable; the flame
27 drainage 2 to 4 S3 SR1 — is to be applied to the insulation.
19
DIN 5510-2:2009-05
Table 5 (continued)
1 2 3 4 5 6
Fire Requirements
protection
specified in
28 Insulating materials (sound- 1 S3 — — The flame is applied to the cladding —

proofing and/or thermal insulation) on the intended substrate. If
29 for roofs, side panels and face 3 S3 SR2 — combined with other insulating
ends, external doors and floors, materials or other materials at a
applied to the internal surfaces of distance of ≤ 20 mm, the test shall
the vehicle be carried out in the combined state
as well.
30 Insulating materials (sound- The flame is applied to the cladding —
proofing and/or thermal insulation) on the intended substrate.
for roofs, side panels and face
ends, external doors and floors, If combined with other insulating
applied to the internal surfaces of materials or other materials at a
the vehicle distance of ≤ 20 mm, the test shall
be carried out in the combined state
– areas below bottom edge of as well.
windows 2 and 4 S3 SR2 —
31 – areas above bottom edge of 2 and 4 S4 SR2 ST2
windows
32 Underbody coating 1 to 4 S3 — — — —
33 Insulating materials for roofs, side 1 S3 — — If combined with other insulating —
panels and face ends, external materials or other materials at a
doors and floors (products in sheet distance of ≤ 20 mm, the test shall
or web form) be carried out in the combined state
as well.
20
DIN 5510-2:2009-05
Table 5 (continued)
1 2 3 4 5 6
Fire Requirements
protection
Vehicle parts requiring Smoke Droplet
No. level as Flamma- Remarks Explanatory notes
certification formation
specified in bility class generation
34 Insulating materials for side and face 2 to 4 S3 SR2 — If combined with other insulating —
end panels and floors in the materials or other materials at a
— areas below the bottom edge of distance of ≤ 20 mm, the test shall be
the windows carried out in the combined state as
as well as for external doors well.
(products in sheet or web form)
35 Insulating materials for roofs, side 2 and 4 S5 SR2 ST2 If combined with other insulating —
panels and face ends (products in materials or other materials at a
36 sheet or web form) 3 S4 SR2 ST2 distance of ≤ 20 mm, the test shall be
— areas above the bottom edge of carried out in the combined state as
the windows well.
S4, SR2 and ST2 are adequate for
locomotives and power heads.
37 Interior furnishings such as ceilings, 1 S3 — — If combined with insulating materials —
ceiling recesses as well as hatches, or other materials at a distance of
38 2 and 3 S4 SR2 ST2 a
boxes and hoods in the ceiling and ≤ 20 mm, the test shall be carried out
39 ceiling recess area 4 S5 SR2 ST2 in the combined state. b
40 Cover strips, cover profiles in the 1 S3 — — Cover strips and profiles may also be —
ceiling and ceiling recess area tested in the installed state (testing of
41 2 and 3 S4 SR2 ST2 joints as specified in 4.2.3).
42 4 S5 SR2 ST2
43 Interior furnishings such as claddings 1 S3 — — If combined with insulating materials —
of side and face panels, partition or other materials at a distance of
44 walls, partitions and covers, boxes, 2 and 3 S3 SR2 ST2 ≤ 20 mm, the test shall be carried out
cabinets and hoods in this area; in the combined state.
interior doors and interior cladding of
the external doors
21
DIN 5510-2:2009-05
Table 5 (continued)
1 2 3 4 5 6
Fire Requirements
protection
Vehicle parts requiring level as Smoke Droplet
No. Flamma- Remarks Explanatory notes
certification specified generation formation
in bility class
class class
DIN 5510-1
45 4 S4 SR2 ST2
46 Cover strips, profiles and frames; 1 S3 — — Cover strips and profiles may also be —
mountings and covers for tested in the installed state (testing of
47 2 and 3 S3 SR2 ST2 joints as specified in 4.2.3).
information and advertising panels;
48 newspaper boxes; lockers and 4 S4 SR2 ST2
advertising boxes in the vehicle’s
interior
49 Floors including steps (substrate 1 SF1 — Where the material is also installed —
sheet and floor covering vertically (material extends upwards
50 permanently joined) 2 to 4 — by more than 35 cm at the sides), the
SF3 requirements for the side panels and
partition walls of the same fire
protection level shall apply.
51 Runners, carpets 1 SF1 — To be tested while lying on the —
intended substrate sheeting.
52 2 SF2 —
53 3 and 4 SF3 —
54 Covers for luminaires, including 1 S3 — — — —
grilles
55 2 and 3 S3 SR2 ST2
56 4 S5 SR2 ST2
57 Luggage racks 1 S3 — — — —
58 2 S3 SR2 ST2
59 3 S4 SR2 ST2
60 4 S5 SR2 ST2
22
DIN 5510-2:2009-05
Table 5 (continued)
1 2 3 4 5 6
Fire Requirements
protection
Vehicle parts requiring Smoke Droplet
No. level as Flamma- Remarks Explanatory notes
certification generation formation
specified in bility class
61 Window locking frame, if not 1 S3 — — — —

included in no. 43
62 Window locking frame, if not 2 and 3 S3 SR2 ST2
included in no. 44
63 Window locking frame, if not 4 S4 SR2 ST2
included in no. 45
64 Window framing 1 S3 — — Proof may be obtained by testing —
either uninstalled sections of original
65 2 to 4 S3 SR1 — profiles or testing specimen plates of
2 mm and 6 mm thickness.
66 Curtains and roller blinds 1 S3 — — Class F2 testing as in DIN 53438-3 —
shall also be carried out.
67 2 and 3 S3 SR2 ST2
68 4 S4 SR2 ST2
69 Tables, windowsill tables, folding 1 S3 — — — —
tables
70 2 and 3 S3 SR2 ST2
71 4 S4 SR2 ST2
72 Dynamically stressed seals for 2 to 4 S3 SR1 — Proof may be obtained by testing —
external and interior doors; seals either uninstalled sections of original
for doors in the vehicle face ends profiles or testing specimen plates of
2 mm and 6 mm thickness. No
certification required for vehicles of
fire protection level 1.
23
DIN 5510-2:2009-05
Table 5 (continued)
1 2 3 4 5 6
Fire Requirements
protection
in bility class
class class
DIN 5510-1
73 Statically stressed seals for external 2 to 4 S3 SR1 — Proof may be obtained by testing —
and interior doors either uninstalled sections of original
profiles or testing specimen plates of
2 mm and 6 mm thickness. No
certification required for vehicles of
fire protection level 1.
74 Seats 1 Requirements as specified in 4.2.5.4 Test on undamaged seat, see 4.2.5. Where the back rest and
head rest are one integral
75 2 to 4 Requirements as specified in 4.2.5.4 Test on undamaged seat and seat
part having the same
that has been slit open, see 4.2.5.
internal material structure,
the head rest need not be
tested separately. A
backrest permanently joined
to a seat shell and with a
head rest firmly joined to it
is considered to be a single
integral component.
See no. 94 for requirements
on seats in enclosed staff
compartments.
76 Folding seats without back rest 1 S3 — — Not required for seats as defined in —
(auxiliary seats), arm rests, head 4.2.5.6.
77 rests, side supports on headrests, 2 to 4 S3 SR2 —
cushions
78 Covers and cladding parts of seats, 1 S3 — — Not required for seats as defined in —
seat shells, backrest shells, folding 4.2.5.6.
tables attached to passenger seats
24
DIN 5510-2:2009-05
Table 5 (continued)
1 2 3 4 5 6
Fire Requirements
protection
in bility class
class class
DIN 5510-1
79 2 and 3 S3 SR2 ST2

80 4 S4 SR2 ST2
81 Hand-holds and hand rails 1 to 4 S3 — — — —
82 Ashtrays, waste bins and bins for 1 to 4 S5 SR2 ST2 — —
collecting recyclable materials
83 Water containers to be installed in 2 to 4 S4 SR2 ST2 No certification required for water If the containers are
the vehicle interior, excluding containers in vehicles of fire insulated, the flame is to be
enclosed driver's cabs and engine protection level 1. applied to the insulating
compartments layer.
84 Galley components in the vicinity of 1 to 4 S5 SR2 ST2 — b
the stove
85 Other galley components 1 to 4 S3 — — — —
86 Couchettes and beds (mattresses 1 to 4 — — — Couchettes and beds which are also Testing in accordance with
and/or upholstery combinations) used as seats shall be tested as DIN EN 597-1/-2.
without bed linen specified in 4.2.5.
87 Interior furnishings such as walls, 1 to 3 S4 SR2 ST2 If combined with insulating materials —
ceilings, doors, lids, washbasins, or other materials at a distance of
luminaire covers and mirrors in toilets ≤ 20 mm, the test shall be carried out
88 and washrooms 4 S5 SR2 ST2 in the combined state. b
89 Washbasins, toilet basins, soap 1 to 4 S5 SR2 ST2 — —

dispensers, paper towel containers,
containers for cleaning cloths and
hygiene bags, cigarette rests in
toilets and washrooms
25
DIN 5510-2:2009-05
Table 5 (continued)
1 2 3 4 5 6
Fire Requirements
protection
No. Flammability Remarks Explanatory notes
in class
class class
DIN 5510-1
90 Toilet covers, toilet seats 1 to 4 S4 SR2 ST2 — —

91 Floors in toilets and washrooms 1 to 4 SF3 — — —
92 Interior furnishings of enclosed staff 1 to 4 S3 — — — —
compartments, e.g. walls, ceilings,
lids, boxes, cabinets, doors and
driver’s consoles
93 Floors in enclosed staff 1 to 4 SF1 — — — —
compartments
94 Seats for enclosed staff 1 to 4 Requirements
compartments as specified in
4.2.5.6
a According to the Vorläufige Richtlinie für den vorbeugenden Brandschutz bei Personenfahrzeugen nach der Verordnung über den Bau und Betrieb der Straßenbahnen (BOStrab) of 15
March 1985, interior cladding in ceiling areas should be made of non-combustible materials; whereby a combustible(!) cladding of not more than 1 mm thickness may be applied to the
passenger compartment surface (note on subclause 4.3 of Vorläufige Richtlinie für den vorbeugenden Brandschutz bei Personenfahrzeugen).
Findings obtained in large-scale fire tests clearly lead to the conclusion that such a strict requirement for a non-combustible interior ceiling cannot be met, especially since this would prevent
many future design developments from being implemented (e.g. glass fibre reinforced plastic (GRP) moulded parts). The “non-combustibility” requirement will therefore be replaced by a
solution which is acceptable from the safety-engineering aspect and which has been tried and tested in practical applications.
b In the case of material combinations and composite materials, each individual material – except for surface coatings with a nominal thickness of less than 0,3 mm and adhesive layers –
shall meet the requirements of class S4 when tested in accordance with E DIN 54837. In addition, an exposed cut edge of a sample of the entire material combination or composite material,
rotated by 90 °, shall meet the requirements of class S4 when tested in accordance with DIN 54837. In this case, edge-ignition flame exposure as may be required according to 5.2.1 can be
omitted.
26
DIN 5510-2:2009-05
Table 6 — Requirements on electric cables and wires

Fire
Vehicle parts
protection
No. requiring Test standards Requirements Remarks
level as in
certification
DIN 5510-1
1 Wiring and cables 1 to 4 DIN EN 60332-1-2 Single wires and cables are deemed to have passed the test Thin fibre-optic cables or single wires
including data cables (VDE 0482-332-1-2) if the distance between the lower end of the upper clamp and cables with diameters of less than
(fibre-optic cables, and the start of the charred section is greater than 50 mm. If 0,5 mm² shall be tested as described in
data cables, coaxial the flame extends for more than 540 mm downwards from DIN EN 60332-2-2 (VDE 0482-332-2-
cables) the lower end of the upper clamp, this shall be deemed to be 2) if the conductor breaks or melts
a nonconformity. If one failed test is recorded, two further before the end of the test when tested
tests shall be carried out. If these two tests are subsequently as defined in DIN EN 60332-1-2
passed, the wire or cable is deemed to have passed the test. (VDE 0482-332-1-2).
2 Wires and cables 2 to 4 DIN EN 50266-2-4 Test category C for cable diameters ≥ 12 mm. Can also be tested on reference cross-
(except for data (VDE 0482-266-2-4) At the end of the test, the greatest distance of the charred sections as described in
cables) section, measured on the sample and appraised from the DIN EN 50306-1 (VDE 0260-306-1) or
lower edge of the burner, shall not have reached a height of DIN EN 50264-1 (VDE 0260-264-1).
2,5 m on either side of the conductors.
DIN EN 50266-2-5 Test category D for cable diameters > 6 mm and < 12 mm. Can also be tested on reference cross-
(VDE 0482-266-2-5) At the end of the test, the greatest distance of the charred sections as described in
section, measured on the sample and appraised from the DIN EN 50306-1 (VDE 0260-306-1) or
lower edge of the burner, shall not have reached a height of DIN EN 50264-1 (VDE 0260-264-1).
DIN EN 50266-2-5 Test category D for cable diameters ≤ 6 mm. Can also be tested on reference cross-
(VDE 0482-266-2-5) Set-up according to DIN EN 50306-1 sections as described in
(VDE 0260-306-1):2003-05, 8.2.3 or DIN EN 50264-1 DIN EN 50306-1 (VDE 0260-306-1) or
(VDE 0260-264-1):2003-06, 8.2.3, whichever is appropriate. DIN EN 50264-1 (VDE 0260-264-1).
At the end of the test, the greatest distance of the charred
section, measured on the sample and appraised from the
lower edge of the burner, shall not have reached a height of
3 Wiring and cables 2 to 4 DIN EN 61034-1 Within the first 20 minutes, the light transmittance shall not This does not apply to interconnecting
including data cables (VDE 0482-1034-1) drop to below 60 %. cables located on the exterior between
(fibre-optic cables, vehicles.
data cables, coaxial Can also be tested on reference cross-
cables) sections as described in DIN EN 50306-1
(VDE 0260-306-1) or DIN EN 50264-1
(VDE 0260-264-1).
27
DIN 5510-2:2009-05
Table 7 – Vehicle parts for locomotives and power heads
Certification
Intended area of application Vehicle components required Requirements
yes/no
Locomotives and power heads Components listed in 5.2.2. yes As for vehicles of fire
intended to be used together with and Tables 5 and 6, if such protection levels 2 to 4.
vehicles of fire protection levels 2 to 4 components are used in
locomotives and power heads
Components not listed no See 5.3
All other locomotives and power Components listed in Tables 5 no As for vehicles of fire
heads and 6, if such components are protection level 1.
used in locomotives and
power heads
Table 8 – Vehicle parts for rail service vehicles and auxiliary vehicles
Vehicle components Certification required Requirements
Components listed in Tables 5 and 6, if no As for vehicles of fire protection

such components are used in rail service level 1.
vehicles and auxiliary vehicles
Tarpaulin covers, sliding-roof tarpaulin no Flammability class S3
covers
5.3 Requirements on vehicle parts not requiring certification
The following requirements shall apply to materials and components which are not listed in 5.2 or which are
described there as not requiring certification:
a) The fire behaviour of components from which samples can be taken as described in DIN 54837 shall be
at least equivalent to that of flammability class S2.
b) The following requirements shall apply to parts from which samples as described in DIN 54837 cannot be
taken and which are accessible to passengers:
⎯ Small parts with a mass of > 50 g, such as coat hooks, knobs and pushbuttons, handles, hand-hold
straps, seat reservation signs, advertisements, door stoppers, Venetian blinds etc. shall conform to
the requirements of at least flammability class S1.
⎯ Small parts with a mass of ≤ 50 g and arranged with a spacing of ≤ 20 cm behind, next to or above
one another shall conform to the requirements of at least flammability class S1.
⎯ No separate requirements are specified for small parts with a mass of ≤ 50 g and arranged with a
spacing of > 20 cm behind, next to or above one another.
c) No separate requirements are specified for parts with a technical function (e.g. sliding, rolling, travel
stops, guides, suspension, sealing, bolting, adjustment, joining, switching, identifying and signalling) and
which, in their intended use, are not accessible to passengers.
28
DIN 5510-2:2009-05
5.4 Materials and components which are deemed to meet the requirements
(classified materials and components)
The materials and components listed in Table 9 are deemed to have met the requirements of the flammability
classes and smoke generation and/or droplet formation classes shown.
Table 9 — Materials and components which are deemed to conform to the requirements
Requirements Materials and components

a
S5, SR2, ST2 — Metals and alloys with inorganic coatings
a
— Metals and alloys with organic coatings of a nominal thickness < 0,3 mm
a
— Metals and alloys with inorganic coatings and an organic coating with a thickness of not
more than 0,3 mm
b
— Glass , stoneware, ceramic products and natural stone
— Construction materials that meet the requirements of classes A1 or A2 as specified in
DIN 4102-1 or, as an alternative, to the requirements of classes A1 or A2 – s1, d0 as
specified in DIN EN 13501-1.
S4, SR2, ST2 — Construction materials that meet the requirements of the Brandschacht (fire flue) test for
class B1 building materials as defined in DIN 4102-1. The integral of smoke obscuration
stated in the test certificate shall be ≤ 150 (% · min) and there shall be no remarks
regarding any formation of burning droplets. As an alternative, construction materials
conforming to the requirements C – s1, d0 or B – s1, d0 as specified in DIN EN 13501-1.
— The requirements are also deemed to be met if a film with a thickness of not more that
0,3 mm has been applied to single-layer or multi-layer safety glass or to S5 materials.
S4 Construction materials that meet the requirements of the Brandschacht (fire flue) test for class
(without requirements B1 building materials as defined in DIN 4102-1. As an alternative, construction materials
concerning smoke and conforming to the requirements C – s3, d2 as specified in DIN EN 13501-1 or to stricter
burning droplet requirements.
formation)
S3, SR2, ST2 Decorative high-pressure laminates (HPL) of types S, P and F as defined in DIN EN 438-1 and
with thicknesses of 0,5 mm to 2 mm and whose entire surfaces are bonded by non-
thermoplastic glue to standardized wood materials with a dry density of ≥ 400 kg/m3 and a
thickness of ≥ 10 mm.
S1 Products classified as belonging to class K1 or F1 as defined in DIN 53438. The flame
exposure arrangement shall conform to the requirements described in 4.2.2.

a Metals and alloys which are not in fine granular form, except for alkali and alkaline earth metals and their alloys.
b Multi-layered safety glass is deemed to conform to the requirements if the intermediate layers are not exposed to the flames in the
installed condition.
5.5 Permanence of the fire protection properties
The fire protection properties of materials and properties shall be implemented in such a way that one can
expect them to remain permanent throughout an agreed period of use.
29
DIN 5510-2:2009-05
6 Inspection certificate
Inspection certificates as defined in DIN 5510-1 shall only be awarded with respect to fire protection behaviour
after testing using the methods described in clause 4.
Passenger seats are deemed to have passed the inspection certificate tests if one original seat has been
subjected to each test in the position and orientation which was found to be the most critical in the suitability
tests.
All specifications exceeding these are subject to agreement with the responsible authority.
30
DIN 5510-2:2009-05
Annex A
(normative)
Testing seats as in 4.2.5
A.1 Arrangement in the test room
Figure A.1 shows how the seats are to be arranged in the corner under the exhaust hood during the tests.
Dimensions in mm
Key
1 To exhaust gas scrubber 4 Baffles
2 Unidirectional flow baffle 5 Light attenuation measurement position
3 Exhaust conduit 6 Exhaust hood, 3 m × 3 m
Figure A.1 — Test apparatus
A.2 Slitting of seat upholstery
Figure A.2 shows how the seats are to be cut, as described in 4.2.5.5. The triangular fabric sections are to be
folded outwards and tacked down using pins. (Note: To prepare for the test, the paper cushion is placed on
the slit-open seat and nested against the backrest.)
31
DIN 5510-2:2009-05
Dimensions in mm
Key
1 Backrest
2 Seat
a 400 mm
Figure A.2 — Slitting of seat upholstery

32
DIN 5510-2:2009-05
A.3 Paper cushion
In addition to meeting the requirements specified in DIN 54341 for paper cushions used for testing seats as
described in 4.2.5, the paper cushions used for these tests shall be made of paper which has the properties
4)
set out in Table A.1 .
Table A.1 — Composition of paper pulp
Percentage by
Constituents mass, Tolerance
in %
Fibre materials:
— groundwood, bleached,
70 parts 89 ±1
— pine sulphate chemical pulp,
30 parts
Ash (kaolin) 11 ±1
In deviation from the specifications given in DIN 54341, the paper used here shall have a grammage of
2
(50 ± 2,5) g/m .
Also in deviation from the specifications given in DIN 54341, the burning time of the paper cushion used here
shall be (2,5 ± 0,5) minutes on a mineral substrate.
The paper cushions shall be made of white, unprinted web printing paper (newsprint) with the following
properties:
2
⎯ grammage = (50 ± 2,5) g/m
⎯ ash content of paper = (11 ± 1) % (percentage by mass)

⎯ fibre material (pulp) content = (89 ± 1) % (percentage by mass)
⎯ 70 parts wood pulp, bleached; 30 parts pine sulphate chemical pulp
Cut seven 42 cm × 60 cm sheets from the paper web, fold one of these along the centre at right angles to the
longitudinal axis and staple the two narrow edges together with three staples each to make the envelope.
Crumple the remaining six sheets to make paper balls of roughly 8 cm diameter and put these into the
envelope. Increase the weight of the paper cushion to 100 g by adding another (possibly smaller) paper ball.
Then close the open longitudinal edge using five staples placed not more than 1 cm from the edge of the
paper.
4)
Information on this paper can be obtained from the Normenausschuss Fahrweg und Schienenfahrzeuge (FSF) im DIN
(Railway Standardization Committee), Panoramaweg 1, 34131 Kassel, Germany.
33
DIN 5510-2:2009-05
Key
1 Last paper ball inserted, possibly smaller than the others
2 Staples
Figure A.3 — Paper cushion
After being conditioned in a DIN 50014-23/50-2 standard atmosphere, a paper cushion made using this
method should burn for (2,5 ± 0,5) minutes after being ignited on a mineral surface.
A.4 Calibrating the exhaust hood
The apparatus is to be calibrated when the measuring system or any other essential parts of the exhaust
system have been installed, serviced, repaired or replaced, and at least once a year before any tests are
carried out.
Calibration shall be effected by means of a calibration fire test using a defined alcohol mixture as a smoke
source. The object of the calibration fire test is to verify that the determined values are within the permitted
limits.
The procedure is as follows:

3
a) The volume flow rate of the exhaust hood is set to V298 = (0,6 ± 0,1) m /s. This volume flow rate shall
3 3
remain within the range of 0,7 m /s and 0,5 m /s for the entire duration of the calibration procedure.
b) The ambient temperature shall be maintained at (20 ± 10) °C. The temperatures in the exhaust duct and
the temperature in the fuel basin shall not differ from the ambient temperature by more than 4 °C.
c) Place a circular steel fuel basin (open at the top) with an internal diameter of (350 ± 5) mm and an inner
wall height of 152 mm and wall thickness of 3 mm on a platform made of a 400 mm × 400 mm slab of
calcium silicate. The top edge of the basin shall be 600 mm above the floor. Position the fuel basin in such
a way that the clear distances of the side of the fuel basin both to the rear and to the side wall are
300 mm.
d) Pour (2 000 ± 10) g of water into the fuel basin.
e) Wait for at least 2 minutes, then carefully pour (2 840 ± 10) g of n-heptane (99 % purity) onto the surface
of the water in the fuel basin.
f) Start recording the data. After a 60-second start-up period, ignite the heptane. Record the measurements
(volume flow rate and light transmittance) at 3-second intervals.
g) The smoke density values shall be determined for 60 seconds before ignition, during the entire time the
heptane is burning, and 60 seconds after it has extinguished.
h) The measured value of total smoke produced, TSP, in relation to the heptane mass mHeptan shall be
2
TSP/mHeptan = (125 ± 25) m /kg. If this value is not obtained, then the system (e.g. the smoke density
measuring device including the absorption filters as well as the volume flow measuring system) shall be
checked.
34
DIN 5510-2:2009-05
Annex B
(normative)
Smoke production calculation
The total smoke produced during the test, TSP, is calculated as follows:
T (t )
V (t ) = V 298 (t )
298 K
where
3
V(t) is the volume flow rate of the exhaust system (m /s);
3
V298(t) is the equivalent volume flow rate of the exhaust system at a temperature of 298 K (m /s);
T(t) is the temperature in the section of the apparatus where the measurements are taken (K).
V (t ) ⎡ I ⎤
SPR(t ) = ln ⎢ ⎥
L ⎣ I (t ) ⎦
where
2
SPR(t) is the smoke production rate (m /s);
V(t) is the volume flow rate (not converted to the corresponding value at standard conditions) of the
3
exhaust system (m /s);
L is the light travel path through the duct (m), which is assumed to be equal to the duct diameter;
I is the zero-reading signal value from the light sensor (mean value of at least 5 measurements),
(e.g. in mV);
I(t) is the reading signal from the light sensor, (e.g. in mV).
tmax .
TSPtmax . = 3 ∑ (max . [ SPR(t ),0])
0s
where
2
SPR(t) is the smoke production rate (m /s);
2
TSPt is the total smoke produced (m ) during the entire test tmax;
max.
3 a factor of 3 is used because measurements are taken at 3-second intervals.
35
DIN 5510-2:2009-05
Annex C
(normative)
Determining the toxicity of fire effluents
C.1 General
Experimental studies enabling the toxicologically relevant components of fire effluents to be continuously
determined over certain periods are essential for a realistic and risk-related assessment of the toxicity of the
fire effluents produced when products used in railway vehicles burn or are exposed to fire. As no complete
test and evaluation method is yet available, the toxicity requirements outlined below are partly based on
conservative assumptions.
C.2 Fire effluent generation models
C.2.1 General
Normally, fire effluent toxicity is tested in a test chamber as described in DIN EN ISO 5659-2.
As an alternative for seats, the fire effluent toxicity can be determined during testing of the seats for suitability
in terms of fire protection as described in 4.2.5.
The toxicity of components used to mount cables and wiring is determined in accordance with DIN EN 50305
(VDE 0260-305):2003-03, 9.2. Cables that have been certified to meet the requirements specified in
DIN EN 50264-1 (VDE 0260-264-1) or DIN EN 50306-1 (VDE 0260-306-1) and have been correspondingly
tested according to DIN EN 50305 (VDE 0260-305) do not have to be tested according to C.2.3.3. However,
these tests can be used as an alternative, i.e. the toxicity of fire effluents generated by cables can also be
determined by conducting tests according to DIN EN 50266-2-4 (VDE 0482-266-2-4) or DIN EN 50266-2-5
(VDE 0482-266-2-5).
The alternative models for generating smoke are described in C.2.3.
C.2.2 Test chamber as defined in DIN EN ISO 5659-2
C.2.2.1 General
Fire effluents are generated from the test specimens in a test chamber as defined in DIN EN ISO 5659-2.
Definitions and other technical specifications that are not explained in the present document shall be taken
directly from DIN EN ISO 5659-2.
The test apparatus shall be set up and calibrated as described in DIN EN ISO 5659-2. Equipment exclusively
intended for measuring the optical density can be ignored here.
Testing shall be carried out on specimens exposed to a heat flux of 25 kW/m² while in a horizontal position.
Testing shall be carried out using a pilot flame.
After a test period of 4 minutes a fire effluent sample shall be taken for chemical analysis, and after 8 minutes
a second sample shall be taken.
36
DIN 5510-2:2009-05
C.2.2.2 Specimen preparation
Test specimens shall be prepared as described in DIN EN ISO 5659-2. The structure of the test specimens
shall correspond to that of the actual product when installed in real situations.
The thickness of specimens shall correspond to that of the products being tested, but shall not exceed 25 mm;
products that are thicker than this shall be reduced to a thickness of 25 mm by cutting away the unexposed
side.
The reverse side of materials made up of multiple layers of different materials (e.g. by painting, coating,
cladding etc.) shall also be tested if these might be exposed to fires when the product is installed.
With regard to upholstered products, the specimens shall preferably be taken from the finished product. Test
specimens may also be made of foam materials and textiles, whereby adhesive is not necessary (even if the
cushioning and the textile cover are glued together in the final application, for example). Upholstery
specimens shall be weighed before testing. The specimen mass shall be recorded.
Three specimens of each of the products to be tested shall be prepared.
C.2.2.3 Test procedure
C.2.2.3.1 General
The test apparatus shall be prepared and calibrated, and the tests conducted in accordance with
DIN EN ISO 5659-2.
The following special conditions shall be observed when evaluating the concentration of fire gases.
C.2.2.3.2 Test environment
The test apparatus shall be set up in a draught-free room at a temperature between 15 °C and 35 °C and a
relative humidity between 20 % und 80 %. The test chamber shall be placed under an exhaust hood which is
capable of drawing the smoke out of the chamber at the end of every test. The vent of the test chamber shall
be connected to an exhaust system.
C.2.2.3.3 Conditioning
Test specimens shall be conditioned at a temperature of (23 ± 2) °C and (50 ± 5) % relative humidity until their
mass is found to remain constant (Δ m < 0,1 % in 24 h).
C.2.2.3.4 Preparation before starting the tests
The interior surfaces of the chamber and the mountings for the burner and the specimen shall be cleaned, if
needed for visual checking. Before the tests are started, the sampling probe(s) in the test chamber shall be
cleaned by flushing them with compressed air. If necessary, clean filters shall be installed.
The tubing leading to the analysis equipment shall also be inspected and cleaned, if necessary.
NOTE It is particularly important to clean the system when different materials are being tested to ensure that the
results are not falsified by chemical or physical reaction between the current specimen and remnants of specimens from
previous tests.
37
DIN 5510-2:2009-05
C.2.2.3.5 Test procedure and evaluation of results
After the fire gas sampling and measuring systems have been prepared, the test shall be carried out as
follows:
2
⎯ check the temperature of the wall of the test chamber (for 25 kW/m this shall be (40 ± 5) °C);
⎯ take the specimen out of the standard atmosphere container, weigh it on its own and once again after
wrapping it in aluminium foil;
⎯ place the specimen on the specimen holder;
⎯ position the radiation shield between the radiator cone and the specimen holder;
⎯ start recording the temperatures at the sampling location at 5-second intervals;
⎯ remove the dummy specimen and place the product specimen under the radiator cone;
⎯ close the test chamber, remove the radiation shield and start the stopwatch.
The radiation shield should be removed no later than 5 seconds after placing the specimen in the chamber.
Record the times at which temporary ignition (burning time less than 10 s) and ignition occur and the time at
which the specimen stops burning.
Take fire effluent samples for analysis after 4 minutes and after 8 minutes of testing. Samples are to be taken
from inside the test chamber, whereby, depending on the analysis method, one or more stainless steel tubes
(5 mm lumen diameter) protruding vertically from above through the centre of the roof into the smoke chamber
are used. The sampling orifice(s) shall be located 300 mm below the ceiling of the chamber. The temperature
sensor shall not be more than 5 mm away from the corresponding sampling orifice. In order to calculate the
mass concentrations of the smoke gas samples, the temperature shall be measured when the samples are
taken.
To provide a means of controlling the sampling procedure, a three-way valve shall be installed on the
connection to the stainless-steel probe outside the chamber.
The test duration shall be at least 8 minutes and 30 seconds. As opposed to the time specifications in
DIN EN ISO 5659-2, testing can be terminated here after the second gas sample has been taken.
C.2.3 Testing seats and cables (alternative test methods)
C.2.3.1 General
In these tests, toxicity is determined by taking fire effluent samples while the products are exposed to
conditions similar to real applications:
⎯ while evaluating the fire effluent density and the fire behaviour of seats (Table C.2, no. 75), couchettes
and beds (Table C.2, no. 86) as described in 4.2.5;
⎯ when testing cables and wiring in accordance with DIN EN 50266-2-4 (VDE 0482-266-2-4) or
DIN EN 50266-2-5 (VDE 0482-266-2-5).
In these tests, the fire effluents are analysed at intervals of not more than 1 minute.
38
DIN 5510-2:2009-05
C.2.3.2 Testing seats
As an alternative, the fire effluent toxicity of burning seats can be determined while the seats are tested as
described in 4.2.5. The samples shall be taken from a connection to the gas analysis equipment, as defined in
DIN EN 14390 or ISO/TR 9705-2. If alternative exhaust hood designs are used, the gas sampling location
shall be identified and the reproducibility of the results shall be demonstrated. The sampling tubing between
the place at which analysis is carried out and the place where fire effluent samples are taken shall be heated
to (165 ± 15) °C. The tubing length shall not exceed 4 m.
C.2.3.3 Testing cables
Fire effluent samples for toxicity analyses are to be taken while carrying out the procedure listed in Table 6,
no. 2. The samples shall be taken from a connection to the gas analysis equipment, as defined in
DIN EN 50399. The sampling tubing between the place where analysis is carried out and the place where fire
effluent samples are taken shall be heated to (165 ± 15) °C. The tubing length shall not exceed 4 m.
C.3 Fire effluent toxicity requirements
C.3.1 General
The toxicity of the fire effluents is expressed as the CIT (Conventional Index of Toxicity) value.
The CIT value is calculated from two factors:
⎯ CIT = [scaling factor f ] × [sum component]
i= 8 ci
CIT = f × ∑
i = 1 Ci
CIT values are dimensionless. The sum component is calculated from the ratio of the emission value to the
reference value of the individual gas components. The effluent shall be analysed for the following eight gases:
5)
CO2, CO, HF, HCl, HBr, HCN, SO2 and NO2
5)
NO2 also includes the NO component, which is evaluated as being equivalent to NO2. Both the NO and the NO2
3
concentrations shall be measured. The concentration of NO in mg/m shall be multiplied by 46/30 (the ratio of the
–3
molar masses of NO2 and NO, respectively) in order to obtain the equivalent NO2 mg/m value. The total NO2 value is
–3 –3
then the sum of the mg/m concentration of NO multiplied by 46/30 and the measured mg/m NO2 concentration.
39
DIN 5510-2:2009-05
Table C.1 — Reference concentrations of components of fire effluents
Reference concentration
Fire effluent components 3
mg/m
Carbon dioxide CO2 72 000
Carbon monoxide CO 1 380
Hydrogen fluoride HF 25
Hydrogen chloride HCl 75
Hydrogen bromide HBr 99
Hydrogen cyanide HCN 55
a
Nitrogen dioxide NO2 38
Sulphur dioxide SO2 262
a
The NO2 value includes both NO2 and NO (the reference value corresponds to
the IDLH value of NO2).
NOTE The reference concentrations are based on the IDLH (Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health) values
published by the American NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health), exposure duration 30 minutes.
C.3.2 Calculation of results of tests as described in DIN EN ISO 5659-2
For testing in accordance with DIN EN ISO 5659-2, the CIT value is calculated as follows:
i=8 ci
CIT = 0 ,080 5 × ∑
i = 1 Ci
where
th 3
ci is the concentration of the i gas in the chamber (mg/m );
th 3
Ci is the reference concentration of the i gas (mg/m );
0,080 5 is the scaling factor

The scaling factor (0,080 5) is the ratio of the exposed product surface area to the volume in
2 3
which the fire effluents can spread, both for the reference scenario (0,1 m product area/150 m
2 3
volume) and the test chamber (0,004 225 m product area/0,51 m chamber volume).
3
NOTE 150 m can be understood to be equivalent to the volume of a larger vehicle, but it is not equal to the actual
volume of a carriage or train section. The scaling factor does not take into account the development of smoke layers
spreading outside of the carriage, ventilation and condensation on cold surfaces etc.
C.3.3 Calculations of results of tests made on products under real conditions
When products are tested under real conditions, the toxicological effect of the ignition source (paper cushion
or burner flame) is evaluated together with that of the specimen, and the combustion dynamics are
determined in a near-realistic scenario. For this reason, the toxicological evaluation is carried out at the same
time as the fire behaviour test and smoke density determination.
For tests carried out under real conditions, the fire effluent components shall be measured at intervals of not
more than 1 minute. The toxicity is then evaluated on the basis of the FED concept (FED – fractional effective
40
DIN 5510-2:2009-05
dose). The FED is determined for the time t = tzul (where tzul is the maximum allowable exposure time in the
vehicle as listed in Table C.2 or Table C.3). The requirements are deemed to have been met if FED(tzul) ≤ 1.
8 Cti (t zul )
FED (t zul ) = ∑ ≤1
i = 1 i × 30 min
C
where
th 3
Cti is the dose of exposure to i gas (mg/m · min);
th 3
Ci is the reference concentration of the i gas number i as listed in Table C.1 (mg/m );
tzul is the maximum allowable exposure time in the vehicle as listed in Table C.2 or Table C.3
(minutes).
t zul
mi (t )
Cti (t zul ) = ∫ VReferenz
dt
0
where
th
mi is the mass of i gas number i released by the fire (mg);
t is the time, measured from the start of the test (minutes)

3
VReferenz is the volume of the reference scenario (VReferenz = 150 m ).
∫
mi (t) = ci,m (t ) × V&0, Abluft (t ) dt
0
where
th 3
ci,m is the mass concentration of the i gas (mg/m );
V& 0,Abluft 3
is the exhaust volume flow rate, converted to the equivalent at p0 and T0 (m /s).
M i × p0
ci,m (t ) = ci,v (t ) × × 10 −6
R × T0
where
is the (measured) volume proportion of i gas (⋅ 10−6);
th
ci,v
th
Mi is the molar mass of i gas (mg/mol);
p0 is the gas pressure (Pa), e.g. p0 = 101 300 Pa;
T0 is the gas temperature (K), e.g. T0 = 298 K;
R is the gas constant (R = 8,314 5 J ⋅ mol−1 ⋅ K−1).
The doses of exposure to the individual gases Cti(tzul) and the masses mi(t) of the individual gases released
by the fire shall be determined by numerical integration (using the trapezoid rule). The time interval
(Δt ≤ 1 min) selected for measuring the gas concentration shall be used as a basis of the integration.
41
DIN 5510-2:2009-05
C.3.4 Requirements on vehicle parts requiring a certificate
Vehicle parts requiring a certificate conform to the requirements of the respective fire protection levels if
FED(tzul) ≤ 1 (FED – fractional effective dose).
The FED value for the tests as described in C.2.2 shall be calculated as follows:
FED (t zul ) =
(CIT4 + 0,5 CIT8 ) × 4 + CIT8 × (t zul − 8 ) ≤ 1
30
where
CIT4, CIT8 are the CIT values calculated for 4 minutes and 8 minutes test duration respectively, as
described in C.3.2 (the mean value of three tests in each case)
tzul is the maximum allowable exposure time in the vehicle as listed in Table C.2 or Table C.3.
This procedure checks whether, in case of a fire, a passenger is able to escape from the vehicle being tested
without assistance and without exceeding the maximum allowable exposure time. The equation is based on
the reference scenario (see scaling factor), and in addition to this, an approximation of the fire effluent
emissions over time is taken into consideration.
2
NOTE The ignition model on which the calculation represents a radiation source producing a heat flux of 25 kW/m
2 3
on a surface area of 0,1 m . The resulting fire effluents are assumed to be distributed in a volume of 150 m (see
explanation of scaling factor in C.3.2).
If the maximum allowable exposure time given in Tables C.2 and C.3 does not adequately apply to real
operating conditions of the respective vehicle, the smoke gas/fire effluent toxicity may be evaluated
specifically for that vehicle by methods normally used in fire prevention and protection engineering.
42
DIN 5510-2:2009-05
6)
Table C.2 — Fire effluent toxicity requirements for vehicle components requiring certification
1 2 3 4 5
Fire Maximum
protection allowable
No. Vehicle parts requiring certification level as exposure time Remarks
specified in
DIN 5510-1 in minutes
1 Vehicle superstructure, including 1 —

bottom floor, external vehicle cladding
2 2 to 4 30
(roof, sides, face) but excluding
driver’s cab
3 External doors, face end doors, skirts, 1 —
cladding and superstructure of driver’s
4 2 to 4 30
cab, fittings
5 Roof-mounted parts and roof edge 2 to 4 30
fairing parts
6 Underframe streamlining 1 —
7 2 to 4 30
8 External windows, frames without 1 to 3 —
seals
9 4 30
10 External windows, pane and pane 1 —
composites
11 2 to 4 30
12 Gangway between coaches 1 —
13 2 to 4 30
14 Cladding of gangway systems (rubber 1 —
cylinders, bellows-type)
15 2 to 4 15
16 Ducts for heating, ventilation and 1 —
cooling
17 2 to 4 30
– built into roof section
18 Ducts for heating, ventilation and 1 —
cooling
19 2 to 4 30
– built into areas other than the roof
section
20 Hoses for heating, ventilation and 1 —

cooling
21 2 to 4 15
22 Conduits for electrical installations and 1 — Conduits and tubing for electrical
electrical installation tubing installations in engine spaces,
23 2 to 4 30
– built into roof section switchgear cabinets and control
boxes are exempted.
24 Conduits for electrical installations and 1 — Conduits and tubing for electrical
electrical installation tubing installations in engine spaces,
25 2 to 4 30
– built into areas other than the roof switchgear cabinets and control
section boxes are exempted.
26 Pipes and hoses for fuel, hydraulics, 1 —

pneumatics, water and drainage
27 2 to 4 15
6)
Columns 1 to 3 are identical to those of Table 5. This means that the vehicle parts requiring certification can be
classified on the basis of the numbers in column 1. The contents of columns 5 and 6 (Remarks and Explanatory
notes) in Table 5 apply similarly for Table C.2.
43
DIN 5510-2:2009-05
Table C.2 (continued)
1 2 3 4 5
Fire Maximum
specified in
28 Insulating materials (sound-proofing 1 —

and/or thermal insulation) for roofs,
29 3 — see nos. 30 and 31
side panels and face ends, external
doors and floors, applied to the internal
surfaces of the vehicle
30 Insulating materials (sound-proofing
and/or thermal insulation) for roofs,
side panels and face ends, external
doors and floors, applied to the internal
surfaces of the vehicle
– areas below bottom edge of windows 2 and 4 30
31 – areas above bottom edge of windows 2 and 4 30
32 Underbody coating 1 to 4 —
33 Insulating materials for roofs, side 1 —
panels and face ends, external doors
and floors (products in sheet or web
form)
34 Insulating materials for side and face 2 to 4 30
end panels and floors in the
– areas below the bottom edge of the
windows
as well as insulating material for
external doors
(products in sheet or web form)
35 Insulating materials for roofs, side 2 and 4 — S5 required
panels and face ends (products in
36 3 30
sheet or web form)
– areas above the bottom edge of the
windows
37 Internal furnishings such as ceilings, 1 —

ceiling recesses as well as hatches,
38 2 and 3 30
boxes and hoods in the ceiling and
39 ceiling recess area 4 — S5 required
40 Cover strips, cover profiles in the 1 —
ceiling and ceiling recess area
41 2 and 3 30
42 4 — S5 required
43 Interior furnishings such as claddings 1 —
of side and face panels, partition walls,
44 2 and 3 30
partitions and covers, boxes, cabinets
45 and hoods in this area; interior doors 4 30
and interior cladding of the external
doors
46 Cover strips, profiles and frames; 1 —
mountings and covers for information
47 2 and 3 30
and advertising panels, newspaper
48 boxes; lockers and advertising boxes 4 30
in the vehicle’s interior
44
DIN 5510-2:2009-05
1 2 3 4 5
Fire Maximum
specified in
49 Floors including steps (substrate and 1 —

floor covering permanently joined)
50 2 to 4 30
51 Runners, carpets 1 —
52 2 15
53 3 and 4 30
54 Covers for luminaires, including grilles 1 —
55 2 and 3 30
57 Luggage racks 1 —
58 2 30
59 3 30
61 Window locking frame, if not included 1 —
in no. 43
62 Window locking frame, if not included 2 and 3 30
in no. 44
63 Window locking frame, if not included 4 30
in no. 45
64 Window framing 1 —
65 2 to 4 15
66 Curtains and roller blinds 1 —
67 2 and 3 30
68 4 30
69 Tables, windowsill tables, folding 1 —
tables
70 2 and 3 30
71 4 30
72 Dynamically stressed seals for external 2 to 4 15
and interior doors; seals for doors in
the vehicle face ends
73 Statically stressed seals for external 2 to 4 15
and interior doors
74 Seat 1 —
75 2 to 4 30 Can also be evaluated in tests
under real conditions.
76 Folding seats without back rest 1 — If the material structure is identical
(auxiliary seats), arm rests, head rests, to that of a tested seat (nos. 74 and
77 2 to 4 30
side supports on headrests, cushions 75) certification corresponding to
this component is valid.
45
DIN 5510-2:2009-05
1 2 3 4 5
Fire Maximum
specified in
78 Covers and cladding parts of seats, seat 1 —

shells, backrest shells, folding tables
79 2 and 3 30
attached to passenger seats
80 4 30
81 Hand-holds and hand rails 1 to 4 — no SR requirements
82 Ashtrays, waste bins and bins for collecting 1 to 4 — S5 required
recyclable materials
83 Water containers to be installed in the 2 to 4 30
vehicle interior excluding enclosed driver’s
cabs and engine compartments
84 Galley components in the vicinity of the 1 to 4 — S5 required
stove
85 Other galley components 1 to 4 — no SR requirements
86 Couchettes and beds (mattresses and/or 1 to 4 30 Can also be evaluated in tests
upholstery combinations) without bed linen under real conditions.
87 Interior furnishings such as walls, ceilings, 1 to 3 30
doors, lids, washbasins, luminaire covers
and mirrors in toilets and washrooms
89 Washbasins, toilet basins, soap 1 to 4 — S5 required
dispensers, paper towel containers,
containers for cleaning cloths and hygiene
bags, cigarette rests in toilets and
washrooms
90 Toilet covers, toilet seats 1 to 4 30
91 Floors in toilets and washrooms 1 to 4 30
92 Interior furnishings of closed staff rooms, 1 to 4 — no SR requirements
e.g. walls, ceilings, doors, lids, boxes,
cabinets and driver’s desks
93 Floors in closed staff rooms 1 to 4 — no smoke generation

requirements
94 Seats for enclosed staff compartments 1 to 4 — no smoke generation
requirements
Table C.3 — Fire effluent toxicity requirements for electric wires and cables when testing under real
conditions as described in DIN EN 50266-2-4 (VDE 0482-266-2-4) or DIN EN 50266-2-5
(VDE 0482-266-2-5)
Fire protection Maximum allowable

Vehicle parts requiring exposure time
No. level as specified Test standard
certification
in DIN 5510-1 in minutes
2 Wires and cables 2 to 4 DIN EN 50266-2-4 30

(except for data cables) (VDE 0482-266-2-4) if used inside vehicles
DIN EN 50266-2-5
(VDE 0482-266-2-5) 15
DIN EN 50305 if used outside vehicles
(VDE 0260-305):2003-03, 9.1.2
46
DIN 5510-2:2009-05
C.3.5 Requirements on vehicle parts not requiring certification
No fire effluent toxicity requirements apply to any materials and components that are not listed in 5.2 or which
are described there as not requiring certification.
C.3.6 Materials and components that are deemed to meet the requirements
Materials and components of building material classes A1 and A2 (as defined in DIN 4102 or DIN EN 13501)
and S5 materials as defined in this standard are deemed to conform to the fire effluent toxicity requirements.
C.4 Test report

All deviations from the described conditions shall be documented. The technical test report shall include the
following information:
⎯ the name of the test laboratory;
⎯ the test report number;
⎯ the name and address of the client/manufacturer;
⎯ the test date;
⎯ the designation of the analysis method used;
⎯ the material code or identification number as well as the trade name, where applicable;
⎯ material composition or properties, stating the thickness (mm), mass (g) and, where necessary, the
3
density (kg/m ); if composite materials or layered materials are tested, the nominal thickness and the
density of each component shall be stated wherever possible;
⎯ if available, the design and the description of the geometry of the test specimen shall be included in the
report;
⎯ a description of how the specimen, the surface to be exposed to the flame and, where applicable, the
metal grid or any other special methods used were set up, prepared and combined;
⎯ a list of the gases that were analysed;

⎯ the concentration of each analysed gas at the time the sample was taken;
⎯ the temperature at the time when and at the location the sample was taken;
⎯ the CIT values in relation to the sampling time;
⎯ all difficulties that may have been encountered in the course of the test.
For every test specimen, the technical test report shall state the following mean values obtained in three
repeat tests:
⎯ the CIT values in relation to the sampling times;
⎯ the FED(t) and a remark as to whether the requirements have been met.
If the tests were carried out in a test chamber as defined in DIN EN ISO 5659-2, the following test results shall
also be recorded:
⎯ the weight before testing;
⎯ the time up to the point when the specimen caught fire (if at all) and at which it stopped burning;
⎯ the temperature at the sampling location, measured after 4 minutes and 8 minutes.
47
DIN 5510-2:2009-05
Annex D
(informative)
Analysis methods for testing the toxicity of fire effluents
D.1 General
Any of the analysis methods described below may be used to analyse the individual fire effluent components
both qualitatively and quantitatively.
D.2 Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy
D.2.1 General
Use and calibration of the FTIR apparatus are described in ISO 19702.
The sampling and analysis system shall be set up and calibrated according to the manufacturer’s instructions
and the specifications of ISO 19702.
D.2.2 FTIR – discontinuous gas analysis
FTIR (Fourier transform infrared) spectroscopy is used to identify and quantify (gas) molecules with a dipole
moment that can be either modified or induced (IR-active molecules).
This is achieved by passing the gases being analysed through a measuring cell with windows made of a
material transparent to IR radiation. The polychromatic beam of light emitted by an infrared source is split into
two beams by an interferometer and these beams travel different distances before being recombined, upon
which they form interferences. The interfered radiation is passed through the gas sample, which absorbs
specific spectral ranges depending on the composition of the gas mixture. The intensity of the radiation
leaving the measuring cell is measured by a detector.
The detector signal is transformed into an intensity spectrum (expressing the radiant intensity as a function of
the wave number) by means of a Fourier transformation. From this, an absorption spectrum (absorbance as a
function of the wave number) favourable for analysis is calculated with the aid of a (separately determined)
background spectrum.
The spectra are qualitatively and quantitatively analysed on the basis of a comparison using calibration
spectra obtained from reference gas mixtures of known concentrations. The gases being analysed are
identified on the basis of the substance-specific position and shape of the absorption bands, and their
concentrations are determined by comparing the absorption band amplitude or area.
The general instructions concerning the test procedure, calibration and evaluation of FTIR analyses as
defined in ISO 19702 are to be observed. The terms used in the following explanations are defined in
ISO 19702.
D.2.3 Sampling
Samples of the fire effluent are taken from the test chamber. The sample is filtered and then passed via a
sampling tube through the FTIR spectrometer’s sampling cell in discontinuous batches after 4 minutes and
again after 8 minutes. The sample is taken from inside the test chamber using a stainless-steel probe (see
C.2.1.2.4).
48
DIN 5510-2:2009-05
A three-way valve is connected to the end of the stainless-steel probe outside of the test chamber. This three-
way valve permits alternating samples to be taken from the ambient atmosphere or from the test chamber. A
suitable PTFE particle filter shall be installed downstream of the three-way valve. A flat or cylindrical filter with
a porosity of less than or equal to 3 µm shall be used to protect the mirroring inside the measuring cell. A filter
that permits easy replacement of the filter elements and is suitable for temperatures of up to (165 ± 15) °C
shall be used.
The filter shall be kept heated to a temperature of (165 ± 15) °C to prevent condensation of water vapour or
other decomposition products, otherwise hydrophilic gases such as hydrogen chloride would dissolve in the
condensate and would therefore not be passed on for analysis. Other filter materials e.g. ceramics or stainless
steel may be used, provided that these achieve a 3 µm filtration and that none of the substances to be
analysed adhere to the filter.
Sampling shall be carried out with a flow rate of (4 ± 0,5) l/min to avoid creating a sub-atmospheric pressure in
the chamber (it takes roughly 30 seconds to take each of the two fire effluent samples).
The flow rate shall be adapted to suit the volume and the optical wavelength of the gas analysis cell so that it
is able to record a spectrum within 15 seconds or less. The response time (the time taken to replace the
complete volume of gas in the cell) shall not exceed the time it takes to record the spectra. The delay time
(time taken to convey the gas from the probe to the analysis cell) shall be determined and corrected if
necessary so that samples can be conveyed from the chamber to the cell after 4 minutes and again after
8 minutes (normally the delay time is very short, so that no correction is required).
The tubing used to convey the gas shall be made of chemically inert material and shall be able to withstand
temperatures of up to 180 °C for longer periods. It shall be heated to (165 ± 15) °C. The tube length shall not
exceed 2 m. Heat-resistant PTFE tubing with a lumen diameter of 4 mm has been found to be suitable.
49
DIN 5510-2:2009-05
Dimensions in millimetres
Key
1 Counter, optional 6 Heated filter
2 Pump 7 Three-way valve
3 Flow meter 8 Test chamber
4 FTIR gas cell at (165 ± 15) °C 9 Sampling probe with thermocouple
5 Heated sampling tube
Figure D.1 — Test chamber as defined in DIN EN ISO 5659-2 + FTIR data capture system
D.2.4 FTIR spectroscopy gas cell
In order to ensure short response times, the volume of the gas cell should not be too large (< 2 l; volumes
between 0,4 l and 1 l have been found to be highly suitable with regard to the response time of the total
measurement system). However, the sensitivity of the analysis method when used for low gas concentrations
increases with the optical wavelength. These criteria have to be taken into consideration when selecting an
analysis cell.
As fire effluents normally contain corrosive substances, a casing of stainless steel or nickel-plated aluminium
should be used and the mirrors should preferably be made of solid nickel. Internal mirrors with gold plating
can also be used, but have to be regularly inspected to check that their function is not impaired by corrosion.
D.2.5 FTIR spectrometer
The following criteria shall be taken into consideration when choosing an FTIR spectrometer:
⎯ An infrared light source which is stable at high intensities and temperatures is needed.
–1
⎯ The interferometer shall permit continuous sampling and have a resolution of 4 cm or better, and should
–1 –1
be capable of recording spectra in the wave number range from 500 cm to 4 200 cm .
⎯ A high-speed DTGS type detector (ambient temperatures) or an MCT (nitrogen-cooled) detector is

recommended as the internal detector.
⎯ The sampling period shall be ≤ 3 s.
⎯ The interval between spectra measurements shall be ≤ 15 s. It is recommended that at least 4 or 5

samples are taken for each spectrum in order to improve accuracy.
50
DIN 5510-2:2009-05
⎯ The lower sensitivity level of gas component detection (minimum detection limit – MDL) should be
≤ 15 ⋅ m−6 (the detection limits differ depending on the gas components). The detection limit for carbon
monoxide can be < 300 m −6 .
D.2.6 Test procedure
D.2.6.1 Preparation
Heat the filter, tubing system and FTIR gas analysis cell to (165 ± 15) °C to ensure the composition of the fire
effluent samples does not change as they are conveyed from the probe to the analysis cell.
Check whether the temperatures of the filter, probe, tubing and cell are constant and at the specified
temperature.
Start the FTIR sampling pump and set it to a flow rate of 4 l/min. Check that the spectrometer is ready for
operation.
D.2.6.2 Procedure
Determine a background spectrum before starting the fire effluent analysis test:
⎯ Switch off the exhaust extraction system and close the suction valve and the front window. While the
background spectrum is being measured, the dummy test specimen is to be placed on the specimen
holder.
⎯ Switch the three-way valve to the position in which the atmosphere inside the chamber is sampled.
⎯ Record the background spectrum for the original (initial) atmospheric conditions.
⎯ Switch the three-way valve to the position in which the atmosphere outside the chamber is sampled.
Now start the test.
To start qualitative and quantitative analysis of the fire effluents after the 4-minute period has elapsed, change
the three-way valve setting 3 minutes and 45 seconds after starting the test so that a sample is taken from the
test chamber and then wait for 15 s to allow the analysis cell to fill with gases from the chamber.
⎯ After the test has been run for 4 minutes, the unknown gas spectrum to be used for qualitative and
quantitative analysis shall be recorded for a 15-second period.
⎯ Once fire effluent sampling has been concluded after a period of 4 minutes and 15 seconds, switch the
three-way valve back to the position in which gas is taken from outside of the test chamber (e.g. as
flushing air).
To start qualitative and quantitative analysis of the fire effluent after the 8-minute period, change the three-way
valve setting 7 minutes and 45 seconds after starting the test so that a sample is taken from the test chamber
and then wait for 15 s in order to allow the analysis cell to fill with gases from the chamber.
⎯ After the test has been run for 8 minutes, the unknown gas spectrum to be used for qualitative and
quantitative analysis shall be recorded for a 15 second period.
⎯ Once fire effluent sampling has been concluded after a period of 8 minutes and 15 seconds, switch the
three-way valve back to the position in which gas is taken from outside of the test chamber (e.g. as
flushing air).
The times specified for changing the three-way valve setting are to be adhered to within a tolerance limit of
± 3 s.
51
DIN 5510-2:2009-05
D.2.7 Data evaluation
The measurement data shall be evaluated after conclusion of the tests. The first step is to use the following
equation to calculate the mass concentrations of the individual fire effluent components of samples taken after
4 minutes and after 8 minutes:
M i × p Kammer
ci,m = ci,v × × 10 −6
R × TKammer
where
ci,m is the concentration of the gas number i in the chamber after a test duration
3
of 4 minutes or 8 minutes (mg/m );
th
ci,v is the volume proportion of the i gas (measured by FTIR spectroscopy) in the chamber after a
test duration of 4 minutes and 8 minutes;
th
Mi is the molar mass of the i gas (mg/mol);
pKammer is the gas pressure in the chamber after a test duration of 4 minutes and 8 minutes (Pa);
R is the molar gas constant (R = 8,314 5 J/(mol ⋅ K));
TKammer is the gas temperature in the chamber after a test duration of 4 minutes and 8 minutes (K).
3
The concentrations ci,m – in mg/m – of the individual fire effluent components are used to calculate the CIT
value (Conventional Index of Toxicity) as described in C.3.2.
D.3 Wet chemical analysis method
D.3.1 General
Wet chemical methods can be used for the following gases:
HCN, HCl, HBr, HF and SO 2.

Non-dispersive infrared spectroscopy is recommended for determining CO and CO2 concentrations if wet
chemical methods are used for the other gases. Direct detection of NOx by chemoluminiscence is
recommended.
NOTE See ISO 19701 for a detailed description of these analysis methods.
Wet chemical (or liquid) analysis methods are methods in which the fire gases are passed through an
absorbent solution. Following the test, suitable media are used to analyse the absorbent solution for the
relevant compounds. The mean concentrations of the gas components during the sampling period can be
calculated from the quantity of gas passed through the absorption solution and the quantity of the
corresponding components found in the solution.
The basic equation for these calculations is:
ρ S × V × H × (mG / mS ) × 10 6
ρG =
q× t
52
DIN 5510-2:2009-05
where
ρG is the gas concentration, in µg/l;
ρS is the substance concentration in the solution, in g/l or mol/l;
V is the volume of the solution;
H is the gas constant for the gas volume for 1 g or 1 mol of the gas to be determined. The standard
value of 22,4 l/mol at 0 °C and 101,325 Pa has to be converted to the equivalent temperature
and atmospheric pressure at the time of analysis.
mG/mS is the ratio of the atomic or molecular mass of the gaseous substance G to that of the
corresponding substance in the solution, if these differ (e.g. HCl/Cl);
q is the gas flow rate through the absorption flask;
t is the duration of the gas absorption.
D.3.2 Sampling
The concentration of the substances shall be determined 4 minutes and 8 minutes after the start of the test.
To enable absorption of a sufficient quantity of fire gases, the absorption shall be started 30 seconds before
the nominal measuring time and continued for 30 seconds after that time (i.e. from 3 minutes, 30 seconds to 4
minutes, 30 seconds, and from 7 minutes, 30 seconds to 8 minutes, 30 seconds, respectively).
To obtain the samples, the fire gas is drawn through one or more scrubbing flasks connected in series. A
speed-controllable pump and a calibrated gas meter are connected downstream of the scrubbing flask(s). In
order to be able to convert the volume flow reading to the equivalent at normal temperature and pressure, the
temperature of the gas shall be measured at the gas meter (see explanation of H after equation in D.3.1). The
gas meter is used to determine the volume of gas drawn through the apparatus during sampling. If more than
one absorption line is used, each line shall be connected to one of the chamber outlets. The flow rate in each
absorption line shall be set to 2 l/min. If the samples for several analyses are drawn from one outlet, a
manifold shall be installed downstream of the filter and measures shall be taken to ensure that no line can
draw gas back from any of the other lines.
After the first analysis has been made, the scrubbing flasks are either replaced or a multi-way valve on each
sampling line is used to switch the flow to another scrubbing flask (or set of flasks).
The gases leaving the test chamber shall be drawn through a filter heated to at least (165 ± 15) °C (PTFE
filters with a pore width of 2 µm have been found to be suitable). PTFE tubing shall be used for the gas
sampling lines. After the testing of a product has been concluded, these lines shall be flushed and checked to
ensure that there is no residual contamination. They shall be replaced if it is no longer possible to clean them
adequately.
53
DIN 5510-2:2009-05
D.3.3 Analyses
Analyses are carried out in a manner similar to that described in ISO 19701. The procedures for the various
gases are outlined below:
Table D.1 — Analysis of gas components
Procedure and
Gas Absorption solution and Recommended analysis
evaluation as described
component scrubbing flasks method
in
HCN 20 ml 0,1 mol/l NaOH high-performance ion ISO 19701:2005, 3.4.3
chromatography
1 scrubbing flask with glass frits
(HPIC)
HCL and H2O (distilled) high-performance ion ISO 19701:2005,
HBR chromatography
1. scrubbing flask:
75 ml H2O, no frits (HPIC) 4.1.2 for HCl and HBr
SO2 2. scrubbing flask: 4.7 for SO2
150 ml H2O, with frits
HF Each with 75 ml of 1 mol/l NaOH spectrophotometry ISO 19701:2005, 4.2.2
3. scrubbing flasks without frits
Calibration and evaluation shall be carried out as described in the appropriate clauses of ISO 19701. Where
alternative methods are used, proof shall be provided that these produce the same results.
D.4 Colorimetric measurements
The toxicity data of the following gases can be determined using colorimetric detector tubes (e.g. as supplied
by Dräger):
CO2, CO, HF, HCl, HCN, NO2 (NOx), SO2 (7 components)

As there is no corresponding tube for HBr, the CIT value is calculated by adding these seven components
(HBr and HCL are treated as being one component).
CIT = 0,080 5 SUM (i = 1 to i = 7) ci/Ci

–3
In this case, the reference concentration of HBr (99 mg/m ) shall be used.
NOTE The ppm values read off the colorimetric detector tubes need to be converted to mg/m3 HBr equivalent, as the
HBr reference concentration is the most critical value owing to its molecular mass.
The toxicity data (CIT values) shall be determined at times t = 4 min and t = 8 min after starting the test.
The test set-up and the procedure are described in the following clauses of E DIN EN 2824*).
*) Translator’s note. E DIN EN 2824 has been withdrawn, although it is still obtainable from Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772,
Berlin. It is also available as ASD-STAN 2344 published by the AeroSpace and Defence Industries Association of
Europe.
54
DIN 5510-2:2009-05
⎯ Gas-sampling probes
⎯ Plastic bags for gas sampling
⎯ Vacuum chamber
⎯ Vacuum pump
⎯ Alternative gas-sampling methods
⎯ Colorimetric tubes
⎯ Dosing pump
⎯ Figure 9: Gas sampling test set-up
Gas sampling and the analysis procedure are described in clause 9 and the following clauses of
E DIN EN 2826:1995-06*).
Select the colorimetric detector tubes for the relevant concentration ranges. If suitable tubes are available, the
HF component can also be determined by colorimetry.
When indicator tubes as described in D.4 are used, a comparison measurement by FTIR spectroscopy as
described in D.2 shall be carried out if the result exceeds 80 % of the FED(t) limit value.
The manufacturers notes and instructions on the use of the colorimetric detector tubes shall be observed.
*) Translator’s note. E DIN EN 2826 has been withdrawn, although it is still obtainable from Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772,
Berlin. It is also available as ASD-STAN 2346 published by the AeroSpace and Defence Industries Association of
Europe.
55
DIN 5510-2:2009-05
Bibliography
DIN 53436-5, Producing thermal decomposition products from materials in an air stream and their
toxicological testing — Part 5: Method to calculate the toxicity
ISO 13344, Estimation of the lethal toxic potency of fire effluents
ISO/TR 13387, Fire safety engineering
ISO/TS 13571, Life-threatening components of fire — Guidelines for the estimation of time available for
escape using fire data
ISO/TS 16312-1, Guidance for assessing the validity of physical fire models for obtaining fire effluent toxicity
data for fire hazard and risk assessment — Part 1: Criteria
56

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May 2009

Preventive fire protection in railway vehicles –

Vorbeugender Brandschutz in Schienenfahrzeugen –

Document comprises 56 pages

© No part of this translation may be reproduced without prior permission of

A comma is used as the decimal marker.

This standard is valid from 2009-05-01.

A.4 Calibrating the exhaust hood.............................................................................................................34

This standard contains safety requirements.

⎯ Part 1: Levels of protection, fire protection measures and certification

⎯ Part 4: Vehicle design, safety requirements

⎯ Part 5: Electrical equipment, safety requirements

⎯ a classification of fire behaviour and of the side-effects of fires,

⎯ test methods required for this purpose, and

measures and certification

DIN 50014, Climates and their technical application; standard atmospheres

DIN 53290, Testing of sandwich materials – Definition of terms

ISO 554, Standard atmospheres for conditioning and/or testing – Specifications

ISO 19701:2005, Methods for sampling and analysis of fire effluents

MbBO, Magnetschwebebahnverordnung (German regulations governing the construction and operation of

3 Terms and definitions

4.2 Flammability classes and testing

In addition, the requirements listed in Table 9 are to be met.

Tests and requirements for passenger seats are specified in 4.2.5.

4.2.2 Flammability class S1

Testing: As in DIN 53438-1 to DIN 53438-3

Number of specimens: Five

Flame exposure arrangement: As installed

4.2.3 Flammability classes S2 to S5

Testing: As in DIN 54837

Number of specimens: Five

Flame exposure arrangement: As specified in DIN 54837

Table 1 – Requirements for flammability classes S2 to S5

4.2.4 Flammability classes SF1 to SF3 for floor coverings

Testing: As in DIN 4102-14 or DIN EN ISO 9239-1

Specimen dimensions: As defined in DIN 4102-14 or DIN EN ISO 9239-1

Requirements: As listed in Table 2

Table 2 – Requirements for flammability classes SF1 to SF3

Flammability class SF1 SF2 SF3

Critical heat flux ≥ 2,5 kW/m2 ≥ 2,5 kW/m2 ≥ 4,5 kW/m2

4.2.5.1 Test specimens

4.2.5.2 Test room and test set-up

4.2.5.3 Test procedure

extinguishing the fire and recording the time of this action.

The head cushion is to be placed at the lowest possible position.

All requirements apply correspondingly to bench seats.

4.2.5.5 Slitting of seats, classification and testing of slit seats

Seats made of only one material shall not be slit open.

4.2.5.6 Seats for enclosed staff compartments

4.3 Smoke generation classes and testing

Table 3 – Smoke generation classes

Smoke generation class Integral of smoke obscuration

4.4 Droplet formation classes and test methods

The materials are to be classified as shown in Table 4.

Table 4 – Droplet formation classes

Droplet formation class Observation

4.5 Toxicity testing of fire effluents

The classification of materials and components is explained below.

5.2 Requirements on vehicle parts requiring certification

5.2.2 Electrical equipment

5.2.2.2 Electrical equipment in enclosed shells or casings

The requirements shall be met for a test duration of:

⎯ 30 minutes for materials of enclosures, irrespective of the volume.